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    Biodiversity(Project)

    Uploaded by

    Aleena Faiz

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Biodiversity(Project)

    Uploaded by

    Aleena Faiz
    3 views4 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    3 views4 pages

    Biodiversity(Project)

    Uploaded by

    Aleena Faiz

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Topic: Find the frequency and density of species using quadrate method

    Total number of quadrate 4

    What is quadrate method?

    Quadrate method is a widely used technique for estimating the frequency and density of given
    species in a given area.

    Objectives:

    1-Quantitative:

    Provides numerical data on species frequency and density.

    2-Non-destructive:

    Does not harm the plants or the environment.

    3-Random:

    Quadrates are randomly placed to minimize bias.

    4-Replicate:

    Multiple quadrates are used to increase accuracy.

    Material Required:

    1-Quadrates

    2-Measuring tape

    3-Plant identification guide

    4-Data sheet and pencil

    5-Calculater

    Sites for collection of species:

    1-Botany Department (Back side ground)

    2-Iqbal hall (left side ground)

    3-IT Department ground

    4-Ground in front of Wazir Agha Library

    Here are some pictures of Quadrates


    Formulas:

    % Frequency = No of quadrates in which species present/

    Total no of quadrates studied

    Relative Frequency = No of quadrates in which species occurred/

    Total no of quadrates occupied by all plants

    Density = Total no of individuals of species/

    Total no of quadrates of all species

    Relative Density = Total no of individuals of species/

    Some of all individuals of species

    Frequency density of quadrates:

    Density of quadrates=4/19*100=21.05

    Coverage/Dominance=Area covered by species in quadrates


    Total area covered by all species

    Malvastrum 5 1 2
    coromandelianum
    Muhlenbergia 3 2 2 2/4x100=50%
    Schreberi
    Lesser swinnecress 1 1 1/4x100=25%
    Dactyloctenium 1 1 1/4x100=25%
    aegyptium
    Euphorbia 3 2 2 2/4x100=50%
    prostrata
    Lactuca serriola 1 4 2 2/4x100=50%
    Desmodium 8 1 1/4x100=25%
    tortuosum
    Dichanthium 5 1 1/4x100=25%
    aristatum
    Modiola 4 1 1/4x100=25%
    caroliniana
    Amaranthus albus 2 1 1/4x100=25%
    Achyranthes 2 1 1/4x100=25%
    repens
    Sida cordifolia 1 2 1 3 3/4x100=75%
    Galinsoga 3 1 1/4x100=25%
    parviflora
    Phyllanthus 11 1 1/4x100=25%
    fratrnus
    Poa angustifolia 1 1 1 3 3/4x100=75%
    Trifolium repens 5 1 1/4x100=25%
    Cynodon dactylon 3 4 6 3 3/4x100=75%

    Quadrates Species Individuals Area Total Area


    Covered
    1 Malvastrum 7 3 18
    coromandelianum
    Muhlenbergia 3 2
    Schreberi 5 2
    Lesser
    swinnecress 4 3
    Dactyloctenium 5 2
    aegyptium 7 3
    Euphorbia 2
    prostrata
    Lactuca serriola 7 2
    Poa angustifolia 5 1
    2 Desmodium 3 1 18
    tortuosum
    Dichanthium
    aristatum 4 5
    Cynodon dactylon
    Poa angustifolia 6 1
    Muhlenbergia 3 2
    Schreberi 2 3
    Modiola
    caroliniana 2 4
    Sida cordifolia
    4 5
    3 Amaranthus albus 5 2 18
    Achyranthes 3 3
    repens
    Lactuca serriola 2 6
    Malvastrum 2 3
    coromandelianum
    Cynodon dactylon 5 2
    Sida cordifolia 7 2
    4 Poa angustifolia 8 2 18
    Trifolium repens 9 3
    Euphorbia 11 6
    prostrata
    Sida cordifolia 7 4
    Cynodon dactylon 6 3

    Scientific Names Common Names


    Malvastrum coromandelianum
    Muhlenbergia Schreberi
    Dactyloctenium aegyptium
    Euphorbia prostrata
    Lactuca serriola
    Desmodium tortuosum
    Dichanthium aristatum
    Modiola caroliniana
    Amaranthus albus
    Achyranthes repens
    Sida cordifolia
    Lesser swinnecress
    Galinsoga parviflora
    Phyllanthus fratrnus
    Poa angustifolia
    Trifolium repens
    Cynodon dactylon

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