Republic of the Philippines

BENGUET STATE UNIVERSITY

La Trinidad Campus
Km 6 La Trinidad, Benguet

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING

Module in

ABE 132: AB PRODUCTS PROCESSING AND STORAGE

Benguet State University Vision:

BSU as an International University engendering graduates to walk through the
Intergenerational highways.
Benguet State University Mission:
BSU cares to (a) Challenge Innovation, (b) Advance Technology and Facilities, (c) Revitalize
Administration, (d) Engender Partnership, and (e) Serve to sustain Intergenerational Roles.

Benguet State University Quality Policy Statement:

Benguet State University is committed to provide quality service for excellent and innovative
research aligned towards sustainable development and client satisfaction.
Course Information:
Course Code : ABE 132
Course Title : AB Products Processing and Storage
Pre-requisite : ABE 124, AnSci 101, Crop Sci 101
Credit : 3 Units
AY/Semester Offered : 2020-2021/ Second Semester
Number of Hours : 2 hours lecture; 3 hours laboratory
Course Description : Principles and practices in the primary processing, handling, and
storage of agricultural crops including refrigeration and cold
storage systems
Module Objectives:
After the completion of this module, students will be able to:
1. determine the different thermodynamic properties of moist air and saturated water;
2. explain psychometrics processes, and
3. solve psychometrics problems.

Module Content:
1. Thermodynamics properties of moist air and saturated water
2. Psychometric chart
3. Psychometrics process
4. Suggested YouTube video links
5. Problem sets
LESSON 4
PSYCHROMETRICS
What is Psychrometrics?
• the term Psychrometry or Psychrometrics would mean the same
• study of the physical and thermal properties of air and water vapor mixtures (moist air)
• it also includes the study of behavior of dry air and water vapor mixture under various
sets of conditions
• used extensively to illustrate and analyze the characteristics of various air conditioning
processes and cycles
• Most important in air-conditioning (atmospheric air is not completely dry but a mixture of
air and water vapor)
• PSYCHROMETRIC PROPERTIES – properties of moist air
• PSYCHROMETRIC CHART – is the graphical representation of the thermodynamics
properties of moist air
• Though the earth's atmosphere is a mixture of gases including nitrogen (N 2), oxygen
(O2), argon (Ar) and carbon dioxide (CO2), yet for the purpose of psychrometry, it is
considered to be a mixture of dry air and water vapor only.
What is Air Conditioning?

 The simultaneous control of temperature, humidity, air movement, and quality of air in
the space.
 Air conditioning includes entire heating operation as well as the regulation of velocity,
thermal radiation and the gravity of air including removal of foreign particles and vapors.
FUNCTIONS OF AIR CONDITIONING

 Control of temperature

 Control of humidity

 Control or air circulation or movement

 Maintain the desired condition of products

What is Moist Air?
 is a mixture of dry air and water vapor. In atmospheric air, water vapor content varies
from 0 to 3% by mass.
Note: The amount of water vapor depends upon the absolute pressure and temperature
of the mixture.
Dry air
 The pure dry air is a mixture of a number of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon
dioxide, hydrogen, argon, helium etc. but the nitrogen and oxygen have the major portion
of the combination.
Composition of Dry Air
• The composition of dry air is comparatively stable.
• It varies slightly according to geographic location and from time to time.
Table 1. Composition of dry air.

 The molecular mass of dry air is taken as 28.966 and the gas constant of air (Ra) is equal
to 0.287 kJ/kg K or 287 J/kg K.
 The molecular mass of water vapor is taken as 18.016 and the gas constant for water
vapor (Rv) is equal to 0.461 kJ/kg K or 461 J/kg K.
Saturated air

 It is a mixture of dry air and water vapor.

 When the air has diffused the maximum amount of water vapor into it. The water vapor,
usually, occurs in the form of superheated steam as an invisible gas.
 However, when the saturated air is cooled, the water vapor in the air starts condensing,
and the same may be visible in the form of moist, fog or condensation on cold surfaces.
Vapor
 It is the considerable component of mixture, the water vapor or steam which may exist in
a saturated or superheated state
Pt = Pa + Ps
Where:
Pt – total mixture pressure
Pa – partial pressure exerted by dry air
Ps – partial pressure exerted by vapor or steam

Thermodynamics Properties of Moist Air and Saturated Water

• Atmospheric air (also termed as moist air) is always a mixture of dry air and water vapor.
Physical and thermal quantities describe the “state” of the mixture.
• Dry-bulb temperature, T db
 true temperature of the mixture, oC
 It is the temperature of air recorded by thermometer, when it is not affected by the
moisture present in the air.
 The dry bulb temperature (briefly written as DBT) is generally denoted by Tb or Tdb.
• Saturation pressure, Psat
 pressure where liquid and vapor forms of water are in equilibrium… evaporation
rate = condensation rate
• Dew-Point Temperature, T dp

 temperature at which water will begin to condense out of moist air and it occurs at
constant humidity ratio and pressure in oC
• Wet-bulb Temperature, Twb
  It is the temperature of air recorded by thermometer, when its bulb is surrounded
by a wet cloth exposed to the air. Such a thermometer is called wet bulb
thermometer. The wet bulb temperature (briefly written as WBT) is generally
denoted by Tw or Twb.
 The temperature measured by this wick covered bulb of a thermometer is the
temperature of liquid water in the wick and is called wet bulb temperature.
• Humidity
 It is the mass of water vapor present in 1 kg of dry air, and generally is expressed
in terms of gram per kg of dry air (g/kg dry air).
• Relative Humidity
 Relative humidity (ϕ) is the ratio of the partial pressure of the water vapor in the air
to the saturation pressure corresponding to the temperature of the air
𝑷𝒔
𝑹𝑯(𝝓) =
𝑷𝒅
Where:
𝑃𝑠 = partial pressure exerted by the vapor or steam
𝑃𝑑 = saturation pressure corresponding to the dry bulb temperature (@
steam table)
• Humidity Ratio

 Humidity ratio, 𝑤(kg/kg) of a given moist air sample is defined as the ratio of the
mass of water vapor (𝑚𝑤 ) to the mass of dry air (𝑚𝑎 ) contained in the sample.
𝒎𝒘
𝒘=
𝒎𝒂
 When the dry air and water vapor occupy the same volume and temperature, by
applying the characteristic equation of state for perfect gas, the equation becomes:
𝑷𝒔
𝒘 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟐
𝑷𝒕 − 𝑷𝒔
Where:
𝑃𝑠 = partial pressure of water vapor in moist air
𝑃𝑡 = atmospheric pressure of moist air

Example: Compute the humidity ratio of air at 65% relative humidity and 34 oC when
the barometric pressure is 101.3 Kpa. P d = saturation temperature at 34oC = 5.318
kPa.
Given: RH = 65%
𝑃𝑑 = @ 34oC = 5.318 kPa.
𝑃𝑡 = 101.3 kPa
Required = w

Solution:
𝑃𝑠 = 𝑅𝐻(𝜙) 𝑥 𝑃𝑑
= (0.65) 𝑥 5.318
= 3.457 kPa

𝑃𝑠
𝑤 = 0.622
𝑃𝑡 − 𝑃𝑠

3.457
= 0.622
101.3 − 3.457

= 0.022 kg vapor/kg dry air

• Absolute humidity
  It is the mass of water vapor present in 1 m 3 of dry air, and is generally expressed
in terms of gram per cubic-meter of dry air (g/m 3 of dry air).
 It is also expressed in terms of grains per cubic meter of dry air. Mathematically,
one kg of water vapor is equal to 15,430 grains.
• Degree of saturation/ Percentage Saturation
 Degree of saturation (μ) is the ratio of the humidity ratio of moist air (w) to the
humidity ratio of saturated moist air (𝑊𝑠 ) at the same temperature and pressure.
𝒘
𝝁=
𝑾𝒔
0.622𝑃𝑑
𝑤𝑠 =
(𝑃𝑡 – 𝑃𝑑)
• Degree of saturation/ Percentage Saturation
𝑷𝒘 − 𝑷𝒘𝒔 𝒘
𝝁=𝝓 =
𝑷𝒂𝒕 − 𝑷𝒘 𝒘𝒔

 The difference between relative humidity ϕ and degree of saturation 𝑚 is usually

less than 2%.
 Percentage saturation is degree of saturation when expressed in percentage.
• Enthalpy, h
 a mixture of dry air and water vapor is the sum of the enthalpy of the dry air and
the enthalpy of the water vapor.
 heat energy content of moist air expressed in kJ/kg of dry air
h = Cpt + Whg
Where:
Cp = specific heat of dry air at constant pressure
= 1.0062 KJ/kg K = 1 kJ / kg K
hg = enthalpy of saturated steam at temperature t ( steam table )
( by approximation )
hg = 2501 + 1. 863 tdb ; kJ / kg

Example: What is the enthalpy of the air vapor mixture of the above example?

Given: RH = 65%
𝑃𝑑 = @ 34oC = 5.318 kPa.
𝑃𝑡 = 101.3 kPa
W = 0.022 kg vapor/kg dry air

Solution:
hg = hg at 34 0C = 2562.73
h = Cpt + Whg
= 1.0062 (34) + 0.022(2562.73)
= 90.59 kJ/kg
 SPECIFIC VOLUME OF AIR
 The specific volume of dry air has u unit of m3/kg , express in the following equation

𝑅𝑎𝑇 𝑅𝑎𝑇
𝜈= =𝑃
𝑃𝑎 𝑡 −𝑃𝑠
Example: What is the specific volume of an air vapor mixture at 30 oC and relative
humidity of 40% at 101.3 kPa pressure.
Given: Ts = 30oC
RH = 40%
Pt = 101.3 kPa
Required: 𝜈
 Solution
Pd = saturation temperature at 30oC = 4.246 kPa (steam table)
Ps = Ф(Pd) = 0.40 (4.241) = 1.696 kPa
T = 30 + 273 = 303 K
𝑅𝑎 𝑇 𝑅𝑎 𝑇
𝜈= =
𝑃𝑎 𝑃𝑡 − 𝑃𝑠
0.287 𝑥 303
𝜈=
101.3 − 1.696
= 0.873 m3/kg

 Dew Point Temperature

 Dew point temperature is the temperature at which moist air becomes saturated
(100% relative humidity) with water vapor when cooled at constant pressure, i.e.
temperature at which condensation of moisture begins when the moist air is cooled.

***Note: a) The dew point temperature is the temperature at which the water vapor
begins to condense. b) For saturated air, the dry bulb temperature, wet bulb
temperature and dew point temperature is same

 Dew point depression

 It is the difference between the dry bulb temperature and dew point temperature of
air.
 Wet bulb depression
 It is the difference between the dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature at
any point. The wet bulb temperature indicates relative humidity of air.
 Saturated air–the vapor in the air is saturated
 Unsaturated air–air containing superheated vapor
 Latent heat–heat does not affect the temperature of the substance but damage its state
 Sensible heat–is the heat absorbed or given by a substance that changes its temperature
 Total heat–sum of latent heat and sensible heat

Sling Psychrometer

• A double thermometer
• One is ‘normal’ = dry bulb
• One is covered with a wet piece
of cloth = wet bulb
• When water evaporates, it removes
heat.
• Therefore, the wet bulb will always
record a lower temperature than the dry
bulb.
 Using the sling psychrometer
• Wet the cloth at end of one of the apparatus.
• Carefully and gently spin the psychrometer around for a few
minutes.
• Record the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb
in °C
• Plot the temperatures to determine the relative humidity
and other properties of the moist air
• Evaporation requires energy. The wick and therefore the
thermometer bulb decreases in temperature below the dry-
bulb temperature until the rate of heat transfer from the
warmer air to the wick is just equal to the rate of heat
transfer needed to provide for the evaporation of water from
the wick into the air stream.
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
• a graphic representation of the properties of air and vapor mixture
Relative humidity from wet-bulb and dry-
bulb temperatures
Example

1. Given: 𝑇𝑑𝑏 = 25 °C
𝑇𝑤𝑏 = 20 °C
Find: (a) RH

(b) 𝑇𝑑𝑝

(c) HR
(d) v
(e) h

2. Find the properties of air with 40 0C dry bulb temperature and 28.5 g water/kg dry air
moisture content at 1 atm.
Solution:
Step 1.

1. Locate the point on the psychrometric chart with 40 0C dry bulb temperature and 28.5 g
moisture/kg dry air moisture content.
2. Draw a horizontal line that passes from the point with 28.5 g water/kg dry air moisture
content on the y-axis.
3. Draw a vertical line on the x-axis at the point of 40 0C dry bulb temperature. The point
the two lines intersect (point A) represents the point on the psychrometric chart with 40
0
C dry bulb temperature and 28.5 g water/kg dry air moisture content.

Step 2
1. Find the relative humidity curve that passes through point A.
2. Read the relative humidity on the relative humidity curve: Read RH=60%.
 Step 3
1. Draw a line parallel to the wet bulb line that passes through point A.
2. Read the wet bulb temperature at the point where this line crosses the saturation curve
(100% relative humidity curve): Read Tw = 32.5 0C. Alternatively, draw a vertical line down
from that point to the dry bulb temperature axis and also read 32.5 0C on the x-axis.

Step 4
1. Draw a line parallel to the x-axis that passes through the wet bulb temperature of 32.5 0C
found above.
2. Read the saturation humidity at the wet bulb temperature on the y-axis: Read Ww = 0.032
kg water/kg dry air.

Step 5
1. Draw a vertical line from the x-axis that passes through point A to cross the 100%
relative humidity curve.
2. From the point of intersection, draw a horizontal line to cross the y-axis.
3. Read the saturation humidity at 40 0C on the y-axis. Read: 0.049 kg water/kg dry air.
Step 6
1. Extend the line parallel to the wet bulb line that passes through point A to cross the
enthalpy line.
2. Read the enthalpy: Read H = 114 kJ/kg dry air.

Step 7
1. Extend the constant humidity line (line parallel to the x-axis) that passes through point A
to cross the saturation curve (100%relative humidity curve).
2. Read the dew-point temperature on the saturation line: Read Tdp = 30.5 0C.

Step 8
1. Draw a line parallel to the humid volume line that passes through point A.
2. Read the humid volume: read v H = 0.93m3/kg dry air.
 Alternatively, calculate the humid volume from:
VH = (0.00283 + 0.00456W) T
= (0.00283 + [0.00456 x 0.0285]) (273 + 40)
= 0.926 m3/kg dry air

Step 9
Calculate the percentage saturation or percentage absolute humidity:
𝑊 0.0285
𝑃𝑆 = 100 = = 58.2%
𝑊𝑠 0.049
Step 10
Calculate the partial pressure of water vapor in the air:
Since:
18.02 𝑝 𝑝
𝑃𝑆 = = 0.622
28.96 𝑃 − 𝑝 𝑃−𝑝
𝑊𝑃 0.0285 𝑥 101325
𝑃𝑆 = = = 4439.3 𝑃𝑎
0.622 + 𝑊 0.622 + 0.0285
Step 11
Calculate the humid heat:
cs = cA + cVW
= 1.005 + 1.88 W
= 1.005 + 1.88 x 0.0285
= 1.059 kJ/kg 0C

TYPICAL AIR-CONDITIONING
PROCESSES
 Sensible heating
 Sensible cooling
 Humidifying
 Dehumidifying
 Heating and Humidifying
 Heating and Dehumidifying
 Cooling and Humidifying
 Cooling and Dehumidifying
Sensible Heating or Cooling

 a psychrometric process that involves the increase or decrease in the temperature of air
without changing its humidity ratio
 Example: passing moist air over a room space heater and of kiln air over the heating
coils
• Sensible heating
• MC of air remains constant and
its temperature increases as it
flows over a heating coil
• The heat transfer rate during this
process is given by
𝑄ℎ = 𝑚𝑎 (ℎ𝑏 − ℎ𝑜 )
𝑄ℎ = 𝑚𝑎 𝑐𝑝𝑚 (𝑇𝑏 − 𝑇𝑜 )

Example:
1. Determine the quantity of heat required to raise 14 m3/min of air at 20oC and 80%
relative humidity to 35oC.
Solution:
From the psychometric chart at TD1 = 20 0C and RH1 = 80%
h1 = 50 kJ/kg
v1 = 0.847 m3/kg
14 𝑚3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛
mass flow rate, m = = 16.53 𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑖𝑛
0.87𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔

From the psychometric chart at TD2 = 35 0C and RH2 = 34%

h2 = 65.5 kJ/kg
𝑄ℎ = 𝑚𝑎 (ℎ𝑏 − ℎ𝑜 )
= 16.53 kg/min (65.5 kJ/kg – 50 kJ/kg)
= 256.2 kJ/min or 4.27 KW

• Sensible cooling
• MC of air remains constant but its
temperature decreases as it flows
over a cooling coil
• The heat transfer rate during this
process is given by
𝑄𝑐 = 𝑚𝑎 (ℎ𝑂 − ℎ𝐴 )
𝑄𝑐 = 𝑚𝑎 𝑐𝑝𝑚 (𝑇𝑂 − 𝑇𝐴 )

Example:
 1. Determine the quantity of heat removed from 14 m 3/min of air when cooled from 37°C
dry bulb and 21°C wet bulb temperatures to 15°C.
Solution:
From the psychometric chart at td1 = 37°C and Tw1 = 21°C,
RH1 = 23%
H1 = 61 kJ/kg
V1 = 0.889 m3/kg
14 𝑚3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛
mass flow rate, m = = 15.75 𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑖𝑛
0.889𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔

From the psychometric chart at td1 = 15°C and Tw5 = 15°C,

RH2 = 85%
H2 = 38 kJ/kg
Q = m (h2 – h1)
= 15.75 (38 – 61)
= - 362.3 kJ/min or – 6.04 KW
Heating and Humidification
• A psychrometric process that involves the simultaneous increase in both the dry bulb
temperature and humidity ratio of the air.
• During winter it is essential to heat and humidify the room air for comfort. This is
normally done by first sensibly heating the air and then adding water vapor to the air
stream through steam nozzles as shown in the figure below.
• Heat balance can be applied in this scenario
𝑚𝑤 = 𝑚𝑎 ( 𝑊𝐷 + 𝑊𝑂 )

𝑄ℎ = 𝑚𝑎 ( ℎ𝐷 + ℎ𝑂 ) − 𝑚𝑤 ℎ𝑤

Example:
1. How much heat and moisture must be added to 28 m 3/min of air at 24oC and 40%
relative humidity to raise to 38oC dry bulb and 27oC wet bulb temperatures.

Solution:
From the psychrometric chart at TD1 = 24°C and RH1 = 40%,
H1 = 43 kJ/kg
W1= 0.0075 kg/kg
 v1 = 0.852 m3/kg
28 𝑚3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛
mass flow rate, m = = 32.86 𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑖𝑛
0.852 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔
From the psychrometric chart at TD2 = 38°C and Tw2 = 27°C,
h2 = 84.5 kJ/kg
W2= 0.0181 kg/kg
Q = m (h2 – h1)
= 32.86 (84.5 – 43)
= 1364 kJ/min or 22.73 kJ/s
Moisture added = m (WD – WO)
= 32.86 (0.0181 – 0.0075)
= 0.3483 kg/min or 0.00581 kg/s

2. Two and a half cubic meters of lumber is being dried at 60° C dry bulb temperature and
52° C wet bulb temperature. The drying rate of the lumber is 12.5 kg of water per hour. If
outside air is at 27° C dry bulb temperature and 80% relative humidity, how much outside
air is needed per minute to carry away the evaporated moisture?

Solution:
By plotting the given temperatures in the psychometric chart:

∆HR = (92.0 – 18.0) g/kg dry air

= 74.0 g/kg dry air

𝑤𝑎 = drying rate/∆HR
= (12.5 kg/hr)/(0.074 kg/kg dry air)
= 168.9 kg dry air/hr

𝑉𝐹1 =(𝑤𝑎𝑙 )(𝑣1 )

=(168.9 kg dry air/hr)(0.87 m3 /kg dry air)
= 147 m3 /hr = 2.45 m3 /min
Heating and de-humidification
• Achieved by using a hygroscopic material, which absorbs or adsorbs the water vapor
from the moisture. If this process is thermally isolated, then the enthalpy of air remains
constant, as a result the temperature of air increases as its moisture content decreases.
𝑚𝑤 = 𝑚𝑎 ( 𝑊𝐷 + 𝑊𝑂 )

𝑄ℎ = 𝑚𝑎 ( ℎ𝐷 + ℎ𝑂 ) − 𝑚𝑤 ℎ𝑤
Example:
1. Air at 24°C dry bulb and 15°C wet bulb temperatures enters dehumidifier and leaves at
41°C dry bulb and 19°C wet bulb temperatures. How much moisture has been removed
per kilogram of dry air?

Solution:

From the psychrometric chart at TD1 = 24°C and Tw1 = 15°C

W0= 0.0070 kg/kg

From the psychrometric chart at Td2 = 41°C and Tw2 = 19°C

WD= 0.0048 kg/kg

Moisture added = W 0 – W D
= 0.0070 - 0.0048
= 0.0023 kg/kg d.a.
Cooling and Humidification

 Cooling and humidification process is one of the most commonly used air conditioning
application for the cooling purposes. In this process the moisture is added to the air by
passing it over the stream or spray of water which is at temperature lower than the dry
bulb temperature of the air.
𝑇𝑑𝑏1 −𝑇𝑑𝑏2
 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝑥 100%
𝑇𝑑𝑏1 −𝑇𝑤𝑏1
Example:
1. Air at 33oC dry bulb and 19oC wet bulb temperatures is cooled and humidified by passing
it through an air washer in which the water is continuously recirculated. The air leaves the
washer at 23oC. Determine the moisture added per kg of dry air. What is the efficiency of
the air washer?

Solution:
From the psychrometric chart at TD1 and TD2 we have:
W1= 0.0081 kg/kg
W2= 0.0122 kg/kg
Moisture added = W2 - W1
= 0.0122- 0.0081
= 0.0041 kg/kg
𝑇𝑑𝑏1 −𝑇𝑑𝑏2
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝑥 100%
𝑇𝑑𝑏1 −𝑇𝑤𝑏1
33 −23
Air washer efficiency = 𝑥 100% = 𝟕𝟏. 𝟒𝟑%
33 −19

Cooling and dehumidification

 A psychrometric process that involves the removal of water from the air as the air
temperature falls below the dewpoint temperature.

 When moist air is cooled below its dew-point by bringing it in contact with a cold surface,
some of the water vapor in the air condenses and leaves the air stream as liquid, as a
result both the temperature and humidity ratio of air decreases as shown.
• Heat balance can be applied in this scenario

• 𝑚𝑎 𝑥 𝑚𝑂 = 𝑚𝑎 𝑥 𝑚𝑐 + 𝑚𝑤

Example:

1. How much heat and moisture must be removed to cool 28 m3/min of air from 35 0C dry
bulb and 26 0C wet bulb temperatures to 21 0C and 50% relative humidity.
Solution:
From the psychrometric chart at TD1 = 35°C and Tw1 = 26°C
h1 = 80 kJ/kg
W1= 0.0175 kg/kg
v1 = 0.896 m3/kg
28 𝑚3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛
mass flow rate, m = = 31.25 𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑖𝑛
0.8896 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔
From the psychrometric chart at TD2 = 21°C and RH2 =50%,
h2 = 40.5 kJ/kg
 W2= 0.0077 kg/kg
Q = m (h2 – h1) = 31.25 (40.5 – 80)
= -1234.4 kJ/min or -20.57 KW
Moisture removed = m (W2 – W1)
= 31.25 (0.0077 – 0.0175)
= 0.306 kg/min or 0.0051 kg/s

Suggested YouTube links related to Psychrometry

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLk_HHCQOzQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xK_7fPfuMk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLkBXbj8pAM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNzGGvCKsOs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l15F3B46TT8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=up85pd2iVpY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xegiPX4108Y
Note: Please find time to watch/view related video tutorials in the YouTube. This platform
(YouTube) can help you understand deeper the subject matter. You can search any video tutorials
in the said platform, don’t limit yourself on the suggested links above.
 PROBLEM SET 1
Instructions: Solutions can be typewritten or handwritten on a sheet of paper. If typewritten use
a doc or pdf file. If handwritten, scan or take a picture. Upload your answers to our google
classroom. Don’t forget to write your name. Name your file following this format First and Middle
Initials and Last name.pdf (e.g. KPTitiwa.pdf or KPTitiwa.doc) Round your answers to the nearest
hundredths and box your final answer. Deadline of submission is on or before March 19, 2021 @
12:00 Midnight.

1. Air at a state of DBT = 140C, RH = 50% is passed through a heating coil. The DBT is
increased up to 420C. The moisture content remains constant in this process. Find: a)
WBT of the air b) dew point temperature and c) the sensible heat added by heating the
coil with 1.0 kg/s of air.
2. Air at condition of DBT = 45 0C, RH = 20% enters to an air cooler and exit at RH = 60%.
Find: a) DBT of the air at exit, b) The moisture content, at exit, c) Plot the psychometric
process.
3. Moist air at DBT = 300C and WBT = 250C enters a cooling coil and exit from it at saturation
state with DBT = 150C. If the air is supplied to the coil at 2 m 3/s a) determine all the
properties of the air at inlet and outlet. b) The sensible heat that has been removed by the
cooling coil. c) The amount of moisture that has been removed from the air by the cooling
coil.
4. Two air streams are mixed the first at DBT = 210C, WBT = 140C and the second at DBT =
280C, WBT = 200C with mass flow rates of 1 kg/s and 3 kg/s for the first and second
respectively. Find the moisture content, enthalpy, and the DBT for the mixture and plot the
process on the psychrometric chart.
5. Wet residue from a fruit canning operation is dried from 91 to 23% moisture (w.b.). The
air surrounding the drier is 32oC and 20% RH. The air leaves the drier at 41 oC. Determine:
(a) the volumetric flow rate of the 118 oC air. (b) the relative humidity of the 41 oC air. (c)
heat supplied by the drying air. (d) the change in relative humidity of the 118 oC air resulting
from the moisture of combustion. (e) the mass of citrus residue (at 23% w.b.) dried per
hour.