ENGLISH – SEM- 1 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

1.What is berlo’s SMCR model of communication?

Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication is a widely recognized framework for understanding the
communication process. Developed by David Berlo in 1960, it identifies four key components:

S - Sender:

- The person initiating the communication.

- Factors influencing the sender: skills, attitudes, knowledge, social system, and culture.

M - Message:

- The information being conveyed.

- Factors influencing the message: content, structure, language, and symbols.

C - Channel:

- The medium through which the message is transmitted (verbal, nonverbal, visual, or written).

- Factors influencing the channel: sensory factors, fidelity, and noise.

R - Receiver:

- The person interpreting the message.

- Factors influencing the receiver: skills, attitudes, knowledge, social system, and culture.

Effective communication occurs when all components work together seamlessly.

2.Importance of feedback in communication?

Feedback is essential in communication as it:

1. Clarifies understanding

2. Confirms receipt of message

3. Provides opportunity for correction

4. Enhances communication effectiveness

5. Builds trust and rapport

6. Encourages two-way communication

7. Reduces errors and misunderstandings

Example:

Scenario: A manager, John, assigns a task to his team member, Emily, via email.

Message: "Please submit the report by Friday."

Feedback: Emily responds, "Just to confirm, you need the report by this Friday, not next Friday, right?"

Importance of Feedback:

In this example, Emily's feedback:

1. Confirms receipt of the message.

2. Clarifies any potential misunderstanding (date ambiguity).

3. Allows John to correct or confirm his initial instruction.

Types of Feedback:

1. Verbal (spoken)

2. Nonverbal (body language, facial expressions)

3. Written (email, text)

Effective Feedback Characteristics:

1. Timely

2. Specific

3. Relevant

4. Constructive

5. Respectful

Benefits of Feedback:

1. Improves communication accuracy

2. Enhances collaboration

3. Boosts confidence

4. Reduces conflicts

5. Increases productivity

3.Difference between summary and paraphrasing?

4. What is analysis and interpretation?

Analysis- Breaking down a text into components to understand how it woks including

exploring its themes, structure, and language. It is like breaking something down to understand it
better. It's when you look closely at something, like a text or a problem, to see how its parts work
together and what they mean.

Breaking Down - You take something apart into smaller pieces. It helps you see how each part
contributes to the whole.

Examining Part You look closely at each piece you've broken down. It helps you understand what each
part does and how it fits in.

Finding Patterns As you analyze, you might notice things that happen over and over again. These
patterns can give you clues about the meaning or importance of certain parts.

Asking Questions Analysis involves asking lots of questions. Why did this happen? How does it relate
to other things? Asking questions helps
you dig deeper.

Interpretation- Explaining or providing meaning to the text, often based on one’s own
perspective/understanding. It is like making sense of something based on what you've analyzed. It's
when you explain what you think something means or why it's important.

Drawing Conclusions - Interpretation involves coming to conclusions based on your analysis. You
connect the dots and make sense of what you've found.

Offering Insight - When you interpret something, you offer your own perspective or insight. It's like
sharing your thoughts on

what it all means.

Considering Context: Interpretation takes into account the bigger picture. You think about the context
– the time, place, and circumstances – to understand the meaning fully.

Expressing Meaning:Interpretation is about expressing the meaning you've found. You explain why
something is significant or what it reveals about a topic.

5. What is close reading give and example?

Close reading is an in-depth analysis of a text. It involves paying attention to every detail such as word
choice, sentence structure, themes, literary devices and tone. The goal is to understand the deeper
meanings and how different elements of the text work together.

6.What are the types of reading?

❑ Skimming: Skimming is reading quickly to get the general idea or gist of a text without going into
detail. It's useful for reviewing material or identifying key points in a

large document.

❑ Scanning: Scanning involves looking through a text quickly to find specific

information, such as a name, date, or keyword. This method is often used in

research or when searching for a particular detail

❑ Intensive Reading:

Intensive reading involves focusing on a shorter text to fully understand its details,
structure, and meaning. It's often used for studying, analyzing, or learning a new

language.

❑ Extensive Reading:

Extensive reading refers to reading large amounts of text for overall

comprehension and enjoyment, without focusing on every detail. This method is

common in leisure reading or when improving reading fluency.

❑ Critical Reading: Critical reading involves analyzing and evaluating the text for

deeper understanding. The reader questions the author's argument, style, and

assumptions to form their own opinions or judgments.

❑ Proofreading:

Proofreading involves carefully reviewing text to detect and correct errors in

grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting, usually in a document or

manuscript.

8. What are the modes of communication ?

### 1. **Verbal Communication**

- **Oral Communication**: This includes face-to-face conversations, phone calls, video conferencing,
speeches, and presentations. It allows for immediate feedback, making it useful for discussions and
negotiations.

- **Written Communication**: This includes emails, letters, reports, memos, and other written
documents. It’s essential for recording information and is often more formal and structured.

### 2. **Non-Verbal Communication**

- **Body Language**: This includes gestures, facial expressions, posture, and eye contact. Body
language often conveys emotions and attitudes and can enhance or contradict verbal
communication.

- **Paralanguage**: This involves tone of voice, pitch, volume, and speaking speed, which add
meaning to spoken words.

- **Proxemics**: The use of physical space, which can indicate comfort, authority, or relationship
closeness.
- **Haptics**: Communication through touch, which varies greatly across cultures and situations.

- **Appearance and Visual Aids**: Dressing style, grooming, and the use of visual aids (like charts and
graphs) also convey messages, especially in professional settings.

### 3. **Visual Communication**

- This includes the use of images, symbols, videos, infographics, and other visual tools to convey
messages. It’s often combined with other modes to reinforce information, especially in presentations
and advertising.

### 4. **Digital Communication**

- With advancements in technology, digital communication includes emails, social media, instant
messaging, and video calls. It’s widely used in business for fast and efficient communication and is
often asynchronous, allowing participants to respond at their convenience.

### 5. **Formal and Informal Communication**

- **Formal Communication**: Follows official channels and protocols, often seen in organizational or
professional settings, such as company announcements, formal meetings, or official emails.

- **Informal Communication**: Casual communication without a formal structure, such as friendly

conversations, chats with colleagues, and social media interactions. This is helpful for building rapport
and trust.

9.Explain all types of grapewine communication ?

Grapevine communication refers to the informal and unofficial channels of communication within an
organization. It often involves rumors, gossip, or informal conversations that can spread quickly
among employees. Unlike formal communication, which follows the official hierarchy and structure,
grapevine communication is spontaneous and can flow in any direction. It plays a significant role in
shaping workplace culture and can influence employee morale and perceptions.

Single-strand chain- A single-strand chain follows a single line of transmission. For example, A tells B,
B tells C, C tells D, and so on. A long generally is associated with more filters and distortion in the
message.

Probability chain- Interesting but unimportant information flowing in random order across individuals
in an organization is a part of the probability chain. This transmission of information happens from
anybody to anybody.

Gossip chain- A gossip chain contains a group of individuals in an organization who gather together to
discuss topics of mutual interest. These topics are usually insignificant to the workplace.

Cluster chain - In a Cluster Chain, individuals share information with a few trusted individuals who
then pass it on to other trusted individuals, forming a network for informal communication.

10.Difference between interpersonal and interapersonal communication?

11.Difference between communication and mass communication?

12.Difference between social , personal and business communication?

Personal Communication- Occurs in a private setting.

Involves close relationships like those between family members, close friends, and romantic partners.

Primary purpose is to share emotional support, personal news, or individual concerns.

Personal communication can be both verbal and nonverbal.

Allows for more freedom of expression and emotional honesty than other forms of communication.

ITS SIGNIFICANTS · Expressing Emotions Clearly

·Strengthening Bonds with Others

·Sharing Ideas and Thoughts

·Learning from Each Other

 ·Gaining Support and Advice

·Improving Social Skills

·Building Trust and Relationships

·Effective Conflict Resolution

·Enhanced Clarity and Understanding

·Building Confidence

·Fostering Collaboration and Teamwork

Social Communication- Happens in casual or community settings

Serves to establish or maintain social relationships.

Include communication among acquaintances, group activities, and social gatherings.

Generally broader than personal communication but less formal than business communication.

ITS SIGNIFICANTS· Building and Maintaining Relationships

·Facilitating Social Interaction

·Sharing Ideas and Information

·Promoting Cultural Exchange

·Strengthening Community Bonds

·Enhancing Collaboration and Teamwork

·Supporting Mental and Emotional Well-being

·Spreading Awareness and Knowledge

·Encouraging Cooperation

·Resolving Conflicts Peacefully

·Boosting Confidence in Social Settings

·Making New Friends and Connections

Business Communication - Structured and formalized communication. Takes place within a

professional setting . Involve interactions between colleagues, departments within a company, or
different companies altogether. Primary goal is to exchange information, make decisions, and solve
problems related to work.
ITS SIGNIFICANTS · Facilitates Decision-Making

·Enhances Collaboration and Teamwork

·Builds Strong Relationships with Clients and Partners

·Promotes Clear Understanding of Goals and Expectations

·Ensures Efficient Workflow and Productivity

·Supports Conflict Resolution

·Strengthens Company Image and Brand

·Improves Employee Engagement and Morale

·Enables Effective Leadership and Management

·Drives Sales and Marketing Success

13.Explain all the non-verbal communication?

1. Kinesics (Body Language)

Example: When a speaker stands confidently with an open posture, it conveys authority and
confidence. Conversely, crossed arms might indicate defensiveness or resistance.
Movements like gestures, posture, and facial expressions. For example, crossed arms might indicate
defensiveness.

2. Proxemics (Use of Space)

Standing too close to someone may be perceived as aggressive or intrusive, while maintaining an
appropriate distance respects personal space and can foster a sense of comfort.
Example: In a meeting, maintaining a comfortable distance from others shows respect for personal
space, while sitting too close may feel intrusive.
Intimate Zone, Personal Space, Social Space, Public Distance

3. Haptics (Touch): Communicating through touch, like a handshake conveying professionalism or

trust.
Example: A firm handshake during a job interview can convey confidence and professionalism, while a
gentle pat on the back may show support.

4. Paralanguage (Voice): Tone, pitch, and volume of voice. A calm tone suggests reassurance, while a
loud voice may express anger.
Example: A calm and steady tone in customer service can reassure a client, while a raised voice might
indicate frustration or urgency.

5. Eye Contact: The level of eye contact can indicate confidence, interest, or sincerity. Avoiding eye
contact might suggest discomfort or dishonesty.
Example: Maintaining eye contact during a presentation can engage the audience and convey
confidence, while avoiding eye contact might suggest nervousness.

6. Appearance: Clothing and grooming can communicate social status, professionalism, or cultural
identity.
Example: Wearing a formal suit to a business meeting communicates professionalism and
seriousness, while casual attire may be inappropriate in the same setting.

7. Chronemics (Use of Time): Punctuality or the amount of time spent on an activity can convey
respect, importance, or urgency.
Example: Arriving on time for an appointment shows reliability and respect, while being consistently
late may indicate a lack of commitment.

14. 10 Interpersonal Communication Skills ?

· Communication – oral, speaking capability, written, presenting, listening

·Courtesy – manners, etiquette, business etiquette, gracious, saying please and thank you, respectful

·Flexibility – adaptability, willing to change, lifelong learner, accepts new things, adjusts, teachable

·Integrity – honest, ethical, high morals, has personal values

·Interpersonal skills – nice, personable, sense of humor, friendly, empathetic, positive

·Attitude – optimistic, enthusiastic, encouraging, happy, confident

·Professionalism – business-like, poised

·Responsibility – accountable, reliable, gets the job done, resourceful, self-disciplined, common sense

·Teamwork – gets along with others, agreeable, supportive, helpful, collaborative

·Work Ethic – hard working, loyal, initiative, self-motivated, on time

15. What is formal and informal communication?

Informal communication- Includes instances of free and unrestrained

communication between people who share a casual

rapport with each other.

Casual Conversation

Grapevine
Personal Conversation

No rules

Friend or family

Consensus
what are the 7 c’s of communication ?
1. Clear

Definition: The message should be easy to understand, avoiding ambiguity and confusion.
Example: Instead of saying, "Let’s meet soon to discuss the project," say, "Let’s meet on Monday at 10
AM in the conference room to discuss the project details."
Why It’s Important: Being clear helps prevent misunderstandings.

2. Concise

Definition: The message should be brief and to the point, avoiding unnecessary words or fillers.
Example: Instead of saying, "Due to the reason that we are short on time, please submit your reports as
early as possible," say, "Please submit your reports promptly."
Why It’s Important: Concise messages respect the recipient’s time and make the main point clear.

3. Concrete

Definition: The message should be specific, with enough detail to support the main idea without being
vague.
Example: Instead of saying, "The product performed well," say, "The product increased customer
satisfaction by 20% in the last quarter."
Why It’s Important: Concrete information helps build trust and provides a solid understanding.

4. Correct

Definition: The message should be grammatically correct and accurate, without any errors in spelling or
information.
Example: Instead of saying, "Your applying to the job," say, "You’re applying to the job."
Why It’s Important: Correct language builds professionalism and credibility.

5. Coherent

Definition: The message should be logical and organized, with a clear flow that connects ideas well.
Example: Instead of listing random points in an email, structure the email with a clear beginning, middle,
and end. Start with an introduction, explain your main points, and conclude with an action step.
Why It’s Important: Coherent messages make it easier for the recipient to follow and understand the
message.

6. Complete

Definition: The message should contain all necessary information so the recipient can fully understand
and, if needed, take action.
Example: Instead of saying, "Let’s meet about the budget," say, "Let’s meet at 2 PM on Tuesday in the
conference room to discuss the budget and prepare for next quarter’s planning."
Why It’s Important: Complete information ensures that there’s no need for follow-up questions.

7. Courteous

Definition: The message should be polite, respectful, and considerate, showing respect for the recipient.
Example: Instead of saying, "I need the report now," say, "Could you please send me the report at your
earliest convenience? Thank you!"
Why It’s Important: Courteous communication fosters positive relationships and a respectful tone.