UNIVERSITY: MAULANA ABUL

KALAM AZAD
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Squirrel Cage
COLLEGE : MEGHNAD SAHA
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Name : Shreyosi Kar

and Slip Ring
Stream : Electrical

Class Roll No. : 14

Induction
Student ID : 2414204015

Subject : ES-EE 101 Motors.

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 Contents
1. Introduction
2. Basic principle of operation
3. Constructional parts
4. Working principle of squirrel cage induction motors
5. Applications of squirrel cage induction motors
6. Advantages and disadvantages of squirrel cage induction motors
7. Working principle of slip ring induction motors
8. Applications of slip ring induction motors
9. Advantages and disadvantages of slip ring induction motors
10.Comparison of Squirrel Cage and Slip Ring Induction Motors
11.Conclusion
12.Acknowledgment
13.Refernces

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 Introduction
What is an Induction Importance of induction motors
Motor? in industry

A type of electric motor that • Reliability and durability: Simple,

operates on the principle of robust, and can withstand harsh
electromagnetic induction. Widely conditions.
used in industries and homes due • High efficiency: Minimize energy
to their simplicity, robustness, and loss, reducing operational costs.
efficiency. Induction motors may be • Versatility: Drive a wide range of
single phase or three phase type. equipment (pumps, fans,
compressors, etc.).
Types of Induction • Cost-effectiveness: Low initial
motors: and maintenance costs.
SLIP RING MOTOR SQUIRREL CAGE
The induction motors are of two MOTOR
types. These are:
• Squirrel cage induction motors.
• Slip ring induction motor.

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 Basic Principle of Operation
Rotating Magnetic Field
The working of a 3-Φ induction motor is based on the production of rotating magnetic field in the motor. The
rotating magnetic field is produced by the combined actions of three phase windings displaced in space and
three phase currents displaced in time. In three phase windings, 60° phase spread gives 120° space displaced
coil-axis between phases.
Interaction of the respective fluxes of the three phases give a resultant flux which links both stator and rotor
windings. Since there is 120° phase difference between phase currents, the maximum (peak) current occurs
at different time intervals.

Slip (s)
The speed by which the rotor slips back the synchronous speed expressed as fraction of synchronous speed is called slip.
The speed by which the rotor slips back the synchronous speed is the relative speed. The relative speed when expressed as fraction of synchronous
speed is called slip. Thus, if Ns be the synchronous speed of rotating magnetic field, N, be the rotor speed and small s be the slip then,
s= (Ns-Nr)/Ns and
when expressed in percentage (%) then, s=((Ns-Nr)/Ns) x 100.

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 Constructional Parts
The induction motor has two main parts.
These are: The induction motor has two
main parts.
These are:
(i) Stator and
(ii) Rotor
The stator carries three windings, one for
each phase for 3- Φ machine. In 3- Φ, the
rotor is either (a) squirrel cage type of (b)
slip ring type. For 1- Φ motor the rotor is
generally squirrel cage type. The other
major parts of induction motors are:
(iii) Motor frame (to hold the stator)
(iv) Cores for stator and rotor
(v) Windings
(vi) Shafts and
(vii) Bearings

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 Working Principle of Squirrel
Cage Induction Motor
• Full voltage method: • Reduced voltage methods

Direct-On-Line (DOL) starting method

Star- delta starting
Stator resistance starting
method
method

Auto- transformer
starting method

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 Applications
The following are the few of many applications of a 3- Φ squirrel cage induction motors:
1. Cranes 11. Iron and steel 20. Submersible pumps
making processes
2. Lifts 21. Woodworking tools
12. Mining machineries
3. Machine tools 22. Compressors
13. Reciprocating
4. Lathes compressors 23. Bulldozers

5. Milling machines 14. Punching presses 24. Circular saws

6. Grinders 15. Fans 25. Laundry washing

machines
7. Wheat mills 16. Centrifugal pumps
8. Textile machineries 17. Conveyors

9. Printing presses 18. Drills

10. Paper mills 19. Blowers

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 Advantages and Disadvantages
Some advantages of squirrel cage induction motors are: Some disadvantages of squirrel cage induction motors are:

•They are low cost •Very poor speed control

•Require less maintenance (as there are no slip rings or brushes) •Although they are energy efficient while running at full load

•Good speed regulation (they are able to maintain a constant current, they consume a lot of energy on startup

speed) •They are more sensitive to fluctuations in the supply voltage.

•High efficiency in converting electrical energy to mechanical When the supply voltage is reduced, induction motor draws

energy (while running, not during startup) more current. During voltage surges, increase in voltage

•Have better heat regulation (i.e. don’t get as hot) saturates the magnetic components of the squirrel cage

•Small and lightweight induction motor.

•Explosion proof (as there are no brushes which eliminate the •They have high starting current and poor starting torque (the

risks of sparking) starting current can be 5-9 times the full load current.

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 Working Principle of Slip Ring
Induction Motor
Rotor resistance method
The rotor resistance method is a full voltage supply method. The starter consists of a 3- Φ star connected variable resistance. The rotor windings may be
star or delta connected. The resistances are connected with the winding terminals as shown in Fig. 9.14 for star connected rotor.

At starting full resistance is inserted in the rotor circuit by placing the adjustable handle to the position 2 of the rheostats in all three phases. As the
motor speeds up the resistance is cut out by moving the adjustable handle towards position 1 and at running condition the resistance is totally cut out
from the circuit. The variable resistance is actually group operated. that is, the adjustable handle moves over all three resistances simultaneously.

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Applications
The following are the few of many applications of a 3- Φ slip ring induction motors:

1. Line shafts 11. Cranes

2. Motors for driving 12. Conveyors
generators 13. Hoists
3. Lifts 14. Textile machineries
4. Winding machines 15. Printing machineries
5. Haulage 16. Rotary presses
6. Rolling mills 17. Paper making machineries
7. Colliery winders 18. Elevators
8. Lathes 19. Compressors
9. Grinding machines 20. Smoke exhaust fans
10. Shears

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 Advantages and Disadvantages
Some advantages of slip ring induction motors are:

• High and excellent starting torque to support high inertia

loads.
• It has a low starting current due to external resistance.
• Can take full load current that is 6 to 7 times higher

Some disadvantages of slip ring induction motors are:

• Includes higher maintenance costs due to brushes and slip

rings compared to squirrel cage motor Intricate construction
• High copper loss
• Low efficiency and low power factor
• Expensive than 3 phase squirrel cage induction motor

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 Comparison
Basis for comparison Squirrel Cage motor Slip Ring motor
Rotor The slots of the rotor are not parallel, but are skewed Cylindrical laminated core with parallel slots and each slot
consist one bar.
Starter Rotor resistance starter cannot be used The rotor resistance starter can be used.
Starting torque Low High
Brushes Absent Present
Maintenance Less maintenance required Frequent maintenance required
Copper loss Loss High
Efficiency High Low
Speed control Not possible Possible
Power factor High Low
Cost Cheap Costly
Speed control High Low

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 Conclusion
In conclusion, induction motors are fundamental to modern industrial processes, offering a reliable,
efficient, and cost-effective solution for various applications. Their simple construction, high efficiency,
and wide range of operating speeds make them indispensable in industries across the globe.

By understanding the basic principles of electromagnetic induction, rotating magnetic fields, and the
concept of slip, we can appreciate the intricacies of induction motor operation. The comparison between
squirrel cage and slip ring induction motors highlights their distinct characteristics and suitability for
specific applications.

As technology continues to evolve, induction motors are likely to remain a cornerstone of industrial
power systems. By optimizing their design and operation, we can further enhance their performance and
energy efficiency, contributing to a sustainable future.

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 Acknowledgment
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who have contributed to the completion of this
presentation.

Firstly, I would like to thank the professors for their invaluable guidance, support, and encouragement
throughout the process. Their expertise and insights have been instrumental in shaping this presentation.

I am also grateful to my friends and colleagues for their helpful discussions and suggestions. Their input
has significantly improved the quality of this work.

Finally, I would like to acknowledge the support of my family, who have provided constant
encouragement and understanding.

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 References
Books :
❖ Basic electrical engineering, Jagadish pal, Aryan publishing house.
❖ Fundamentals of electrical engineering, Kaustuv Dasgupta, Cambridge.

Websites :
❖ https://circuitglobe.com/difference-between-slip-ring-and-squirrel-cage-induction-
motor.html#google_vignette
❖ https://www.electrical4u.com/squirrel-cage-induction-motor/

THANK YOU.
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