Emerging Trends

Class XI Informatics Practices
Emerging Trends
Short Question-Answer
Q. 1 Explain Artificial Intelligence along with its applications.
Ans Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to computer systems (including both hardware and software) that
are capable of doing things that normally require human intelligence.
For example, recognising images, videos, speech and decision making.
In artificial intelligence, computer systems try to partially mimic the functioning of human brain,
i.e., using inexact and incomplete knowledge to make predictions. One of the greatest advantages of
AI systems is that they have the capacity to enhance and improve their learning themselves, over a
regular period of time. Modern AI Machines are designed and programmed to:
• Work with minimum human intervention.
• Create and update knowledge base, which keeps updating.
• Having heuristic abilities (i.e, to learn from past mistakes, decisions and outcomes.)
Most famous example of AI today is social humanoid robot Sophia, who has been awarded
citizenship of Saudi Arabia.
Q. 2 Explain Machine Learning along with its applications.
Ans Machine Learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides systems the ability to
automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed, after initial
trainings using test and training data and algorithms.
Q. 3 What do you understand by the Internet of Things? List some of its potential applications?
Ans IoT or Internet of Things refers to connecting many devices through hardware or software and
communicate with each other as well as human beings through internet to work with collaboration
and assist each other and form a networking of things. Potential Applications of IoT are :
1. Smart Home
2. Wearables
3. Smart City
4. Smart Grids
5. Industrial Internet
Q. 4 List some of the cloud-based services that you are using at present.
Ans At present we are using many cloud-based services, some of them are as following:
1. Cloud Storage: Google Drive, Sky Drive, Drop box etc.
2. Cloud software (SAAS): SalesForce, Slack, Zoom etc.
3. Cloud Infrastructure (IAAS): DigitalOcean, IBM, Datrium etc.
4. Cloud Plastform(PAAS): Acquia, AWS (Amazon Web Services), Heroku
Q. 5 How IoT and WoT are related?

Ans IoT and WoT both can be user on network to communicate with multiple devices. They can provide
a communication medium between various devices, this medium can be an app, a web service or any
network enabled device.
Q. 6 What is the on-demand service? How it is provided in the cloud computing?
Ans On-demand service means that data is available as and when required. In cloud computing, users can
access any file by using a login with a username or email account and password. This is called on-
demand service.
Q. 7 Justify the following statement- ‘Storage of data is cost-effective and time-saving in cloud
computing.’
Ans Cloud computing stores data into a server and it is available at almost free of cost or nominal cost.
When it comes to time-saving by saving data on the internet there is no need to wait to start up any
computer or device. It is easily available with a browser program or app of that. So it can be
accessed anytime from anywhere.
Long Question-Answer
Q. 1 Write a short note on the following:
a) Cloud computing b) Big data and its characteristics
Ans a) Cloud Computing:
In cloud computing refers to a virtual computer than can be access a software, services or storage on
internet.
These software, services, and storage provided by cloud services providers based on payment or some of
them are free also.
It allows to use large applications through the internet without any physical storage.
If you are using Facebook, google photos, google drive, sky drive, etc. these are examples of cloud
computing.
Advantages:
1. Accessible anytime, anywhere on the internet

2. Cost-effective and reasonable cost
3. On-demand sources
4. Allows to use of resources as per the need
Big data and its characteristics

“Big data” is high-volume, -velocity and -variety information assets that demand cost-effective,
innovative forms of information processing for enhanced insight and decision making.“
This definition clearly focuses on:
1. Large or Huge volume of data which is going to be processed

2. It can extract information which gives a huge benefit
3. It can help in decision making
4. It can provide insight information
Big data increases the volume day by day. It is in huge amount so cannot be processed or analyzed using
conventional methods. Some of the popular terms associated with big data for processing are data
mining, data storage, data analysis, data sharing, and data visualization.
Characteristics of Big data
1. Volume: It refers to the number of big data in terms of size. It is in very big size or voluminous
data.
2. Velocity: It refers to the rate of data transfer at very high speed.
3. Variety: Data is available in different forms like structured, unstructured, and semistructured. It
can be different files like text, images, videos, web pages, etc.
4. Veracity: It refers to the intensity of the reliability of data. When a large volume of data is going
to be processed, sometimes chances are there to produce incorrect data.
5. Value: It is the quantity of data including amount, reliability of data to be processed.
Q. 2 Differentiate between cloud computing and grid computing with suitable examples.
Ans
Cloud Computing Grid Computing
It works on the client-server architecture. It works on distributed computing architecture.
Resources are stored on the server and Resources are stored in a device and linked with the
provided to the user as and when required. devices.
The server is the leader and controls the

All devices can be used in collaborative approach.
architecture.
It is more flexible compared to Grid

It is less flexible compared to Cloud Computing.
Computing.
Q. 3 If Government plans to make a smart school by applying IoT concepts, how can each of the
following be implemented in order to transform a school into IoT enabled smart school?
a) e-textbooks
b) Smart boards
c) Online tests
d) Wifi sensors on classrooms doors
e) Sensors in buses to monitor their location
f) Wearables (watches or smart belts) for attendance monitoring
Ans a) e-textbooks : e-textbooks can be made available e-library by using web services.
b) Smart Boards: Smart boards can be operated by digital stylus or pen and should be connected with
network.
c) Online Tests: A web portal or online examination should be prepared to conduct exams smoothly.
d) Wifi sensors and classrooms doors: Wifi sensors and classroom doors can be used to lock and unlock
them. These sensors also provides security to students and other stakeholders.
e) Sensors in buses to monitor their location: These sensors enables quick reporting and monitoring to
the coordinates and parents to know the status of child and bus after leaving the school.
f) Wearables (watches or smart belts) for attendance
monitoring: These devices can be used or implemented for students in such a way that identifies a
student and marks the attendance accordingly.

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Class XI Informatics Practices

Q. 5 How IoT and WoT are related?

1. Accessible anytime, anywhere on the internet

Big data and its characteristics

1. Large or Huge volume of data which is going to be processed

The server is the leader and controls the

It is more flexible compared to Grid

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