12

01

Aldehydes,
Ketones and
Carboxylic
Acids

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Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic
Acids
ALDEHYDES AND KETONES PREPARATION OF
ALDEHYDES

Pd+BasTg
0
§⑨ I
can't reduce
=

CIN
→ R -
[ H= NH
R
%)
-

In > It can't reduce =

%
toluene Cromyl
chloride Intermediate
gas
→ conc
co + Ht

PREPARATION OF KETONES
(
Using grignard reagent )

Or .
-

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 LT
g- Friedel craft
[
acylation )

CHEMICAL REACTIONS
T.EE:#
✓

( sodium bisultphite test )

0 -
acidic

11505

-
HA
RO
-
⊖ .pk

Ciisdiol cyclic

H
HzN -

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 I} -n -
n →

Re
N -

H = N H
pye
-

N -
R

Ri
-

JIN OH
_N
-

-2

☒ N Nnn
I ↓
-

n -
NH _É¥N°L DNP Test RI
C = N - Z
-
R
É
- -

N
-
Nn - -
NHZ yellow/orange color

=
-

followed
HF
/ HU
Zn
Hg
→ -

NHz-NHz/ KOH
④
→

R -
R → R -

CHER

•
ketones are not oxidized under normal conditions .

☐
Agnos 1-
Why on →
2[A§NH]k]
◦ailw
0

I mirror a-
É -
m → A-
% -
-

Aehlingisoln Anny Cusoy

: + sod pot tantalate
-
.
.

#H +1

0 .

( 's test )
(
benzaldehyde
felling
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 m.m.m.AT
cns_ c %_
methyl keto
☐• of
' '
dec 1 unit
No . c .

by

CHI> (product )
-

yellow bpt
Iodoform tut
a- n must be tpaesent
of B ✗

aldehyde saytatt
hydroxy
( aldol )
B- hydroxy aldehyde

when a- H is not present

c5°#idt
Find
.

benzene
M 0
- M
groats on
ring
do not f. c.
-
vans
give
.

meter
director
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

(a) From primary alcohols

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?⃝
 In
(b) From alkylbenzenes

10 ✗ id '

Coo H

É]
(c) From nitriles and amides (acid derivative
-
)
arid derivative
Any
1h20
arid

(d) From Grignard reagents

→ weak electrophile
( co
a-

cr-V 0
-

(e) From acyl halides and anhydrides

(f) From esters

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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

CHEMICAL REACTIONS
-

M
-
I / -

/ th /
+2
M
+

formic > benzoic > acetic

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 E. a .

0 -

I [ -

,
PA 3

°
aeka=

✗ -

H must be present

I. ◦

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 ( EAS )

Coo H
-
µ

meta director

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