All structural isome

DBE C
1+
= -

l
 cyconyl compound

Carbonyl group I0
-> =
kiton)
R, 0
=

Aldehyde =

Rxc 0
=

as 2
R

,
0
=

/
H
H

add toicto the got carbonic Acid and

->
if we o we
Derivatives
like (esties, anhydride)
R-
R,
R
2
c 0
=

C0 =

0
=

o o =a
RCOOCOR

Anhydride
I /
RLOOA RLOOR R
Carbonic Acid Esta

->
If we add N-> amids x acyshalide
=

R R
-c 0 (Amide)
= -c 0 (Acyl halido)
=

/
NH2
(HO
x
I

3
-> Vanillin

OCH
They have

di Pleasentsmell.
salicyladehyde 9
- CHO

cinnama shy
Ph-CH CH =
-
CHO
 common name IUPAC

1) HC-4-H- Ethan-1-al
1) CHCHo ->
Acetalehyde S
Br
2) "I
2

a)
**
Ho
- -
Bingeldeyde
5 I
4 Bromo-3-methyl Hoptan-Ia
-

YB a p 0
3)
HzC-CH CHa -2 H ->

3)
-
-

5mithyl
-Bromobutyraldehyde. cycle pentan-1-one
B
-

Ketone
Rule
43 Dimethyl Ketone
CH3--CHs
->

Whenlongletaringin
-> connected
is
na

Go--as
5)
methal phenyl Kotons
-Ho_
->

cyclohonan
carbalady de

6) ⑳te -> Ethylphenyl Ketone

Whin (in CHO is no. The

⑧
11
is notthe carbaldry do

7)
Diphing Ketone
->

Structure of carbonyl group

->
carbonly
up. sp
is : sp2
·Ergon -
O
carbonnly Ep. lies plane
jo
-> in suns

->
and angle - 120

-> W
c 0
=
has both nucleoblylic and eectraphlic unter
-

Both and do rut.

- NU:can
I

=
Special case

->
carbonyl compo. more polar than others Ha?' "itz-
->
propon-1,2,3-

- Ro-s cro dio "cro tri carbaldyhyde

~ ↳ 1
- COOH CIOON COOA -> triCarbonlyic acid

IN (N (N - carbonitile
 MOP

carbonyl compound
Ald.
C C-C-0H
=

↑
1. Guidation
of Alcohol ar
0 It
PCC/PDC Mnoc ->
AlylicOH X

Not onandmedian,as
↓
k2(9207
2"OH
Bingelic OH

-CHOH
2. Dihydrogenation of OH. ⑧
i - Ald cu/Ay/300
2" ->
Ketone
30 -> Alkine

3. From Hydra carbon

Ozanalysis(Roduction) Rragout:
tas/Meas (Di motyl sulphide
a.

Band Berak
0,0 ga

-
-i 0
=

0
+

c
=

Ron
6. Kucheran Kragen dieCHabost
Hy Y Ha0)
Hyson)
die

*
I
G

R C CH
=

↓ Lo
B- Tatumoiem
P= p-- e
CHa,

:
by.

IC (=CH
Hg/H-H 4y)
4CH2
CH3
- -

- Lacotund
/
CH3
 MOD -
Y-H

&RoSenmund Roduction RagentHat PG/Bus4

Lindlar's reagent

R-c
G
Iz + Pd
- R -
CH
-

BuSO4
(Stop iton CHo

has out form)

will

2 Stephen Reduction Reagent:1) Suche +HU

2)
imine
Itz0"or strum

130
R-cr-Hat,
It H such *

R-CEN > R CHENH R-CHO

oi
-

t
ItCl OH
It H =

Or it

Side stop. Suchat2HC >

Sndp +2[H]

DM. R-CN >R- CHO

From (Di isobutyl TX

I
3. DIBAL-H Aliminum hydride)
CHaCH((H3)2
-

a. With cynide
I H PIBAL-H *
G H -0 H

R-CEN R
> ->
R-CH = NH -
-
H

D.M R-CN -> R-CHO

a) with Ester

R- 4PfoR IH
1) DIBAL-H
> R- ROH
+

H H 2) H-OH
directing
m

WBM
ii, muon
o
Pg. ** SnCletHU 99. Kot
Ph-CEN
:!
Hot ⑧ * -N,

M
(CNL HNO3
NOR NBS
V
c.
Iasod
11

⑧ CHIC

Aldz
>
:
 Ethyl Geuzohate
Estr
Og
"A DIBAL-H O
is 11
Ph
Ph-2 -H
C Caj
-

S + CHyCH2OH
-

120 cons. He SO4

OH
413 k
I
1-1
LAH S

(LiA(a) /On
W

on ot
So
i
mor,
do
4. From Hydrocarbon

a) side chain onydation

CH3 CHI Cr 0

&

⑧
I

DM Ph-CH3 ->Ph-CHO

a) Gattman Koch Run. 6

H- Ally
A,
+
H
H + 0
=

I CHO
-

⑧ ⑳
CO+HC DM- Ph-H -> Ph. CHO

Anhy.
3

Alds
cuch

grouit"costeet
C) Etard ru"
CW02C2 a-ca
Ph-CIts >
(S2

DM. Ph-CHy -> Ph-CHO .

ot
By Groace
Ph-(Itz 1 Ph-CHO
M

-
CO +HC
Ald such
CH3Cl

Pl-H

MOP R- -

I. from Anyl chlorid

-
2 Rmgc + Lada >Rald & amyda

2 R
- -

x Rald
+
> R. -R

p' --c
D.M c => R
< - -

R
R Rmyx
=

2. From
Nitrites
R R
-t ⑰

RMyX
cf 130
S

R
k
A
R -

CEN S -
a -

· It

R
d

R -
b 0
=

3. Fridel Craft Acylation

Ph
R.
c 0
=
19 W
c0

·R
=

a /
Ph-H R
Anyd. All
 Properties of
c0 =

daclophilic Addition Reaction

mechanism

-> no: attlethe rich center direction

andIto the plane of sp2 hyfidiged
arbital of IC =0. Carbon.
50% 50%
nu:
X Nu: alkocide Captur Proton
intermidicts
I sa W I
*Yo
X

-8
X OH
Overall Mi SP3
- -
, 0 , y
>
=
+

( 0 ( 0 7 -
Inui
= -

Inu:
=

X
R

C-Ne: and 0-H Y

I nur
Y

dash wedge or
fischer

-> The hyloidization

of carbon change from sp2-sp3 and a alconide intermediato

-> This intimidate captures a proton to electrically

give natural product
-> The not reaction
is of
addition Na: and it across (=0 Band.

Reactivity

->
Aldehyde are more reactive than Kotons due to staric and destronic

Reactivity N. A.R.
to

R
R (I Efrct)
HyI
2) Electronic Mason

G 3 =07 =0

Alkyl
H
Nu:
i ha: a n: ( +I) ses
1) Steric hinderence. Alkyl? A +I

Ba
It
Rc-o
(R/R') > H
Lo i o
⑦

c -
08 O

/ /
H H R!

+I
give use to DC I reactivity.
 Addition of HCN

-> -CHo and R-IR reacts with Her to form cyanohydrins

->
This reaction occurs very slowly with pur HIN

->
cyanohydains are useful in making other compounds.

,0 Hir. (slow
OH
+
=

(woak acid)
CN

⑦
IC
G

x0 (fast)
-
HCN+NaOH =

+
NaCN ·
-

OH

↓ (salt) 7

HaOtNaCN (Strong nucliahil) H

(Mar (N)

I NaCN

eg. HzC-CHO
2)
7
H3C-CH-OH
Ha0
In
OH
6

HCN I
Ph " Ph-
t
- -
H 3)

L NaCN,
2) DaO
↳
Dao is is stops of 120

Addition of NaltSo, Ho--va*

1:
NaHSog Tist:1) All Aldehydes
I NaH*,8, 2) only mithyl ketones
O
=

3 <- oi
/
sog Na
Rx, =

Hy
due to Steris Hind.

2.
Ald, Prod

Kotzn S Proc
E

ProductBreaks faster and

mose in due
Kotans to S.H
 Ph SOzNa
ey 1
/
C0 =

NaH*s
+
> PRIOH &
/
H it
oH
O
I
2- CHy --H + NaHSog >
Hz2-2-H
so wa

NalSO3
3 7 no praction

Addition of alcohol

- 120

auste

xc 0
=
R-n"
7
- HOR - a Kotul

dry It2l -OR Cry HC

-
↑ Homi acotul
-

-
0:H,x
=

-
0
=

Kofal
-
dry HC nu:

D
1) Run with 199 2) Run with
120
zog 3) Ran with
dihydrony
comp (189)
-

jcR" H-OR, C
~OH W
OR -120
- HO
-
C0 =

I
LOR / C0
=

H-OR YOR ~
H0

St
S CH30
CHOH

II]
I

19. CH3,are 0
=
> CH3-C-OH othye gegcol
H it
Asstul/ Kital
HOC2H5 · ~
Ph -c 0 YH
PhyOCas
=

7
I
HOGHS28 H
TOCaH5

7 =

0, o 0
Yout
 Addition of Ammonia

->
austrophiles such as Nits and its derivations Hall-2 aft. of co

-> The run is movessible and catalized by HT

->
favours the productformation due to
Equilibrium of intermidiate
rapiddehydration
to form ic N-2
=

in
**

e
↳* Ha0
-

xN
o
2
=

-(20
L 7
-

D.M
H20
1
-

0
=

HaN-2
+
3 xN =
-
2
-

eg. NHaOH
LO =
HENOH 3 ENOH

Ha-2
X 0
=

+ HqN-z
N-2
=

NH3

HaN-R

HeN-Oht

HaN-NHa

Braddys ragent ROY PPt.

Used in
6
resonance

IC 0
=

+
Ha-ii -- Ha
Bestfor attack
most estaphlic
 Reduction Reaction
Reduction
by LAH/SBH/ Hatzi
->
Aldehydes and Kotons reduces to lands" alcohols respectively.
in presense of LAH (2iAAG), SBH/NBH (NaBH) or Catalytic hydrogenation
LBH

" SBH
3 TCH-OH
Hat Pd/Ot/ni
o

py.
LY BH, ↳
[H
e ·
N
↓ ↓H
0 [H]
- "

Commensan'sReduction

->
carbonyl group of aldehydes and Kotons louaks to che on treatmostwith
Zinc- amalgam and cons. He

Reagent-2nCHg) cans. Hee

+

(Acid + motul (Hal

FBB Whin Ic=0 and -oH as
zusng >
-

/
Ha Presenttogether than -OH s-H
H H CO2. HC
Big of HCl

same
of w It
- N
*
ItI

(Hy]

Ican.
Ost (C4 2n

zu 7
Ha
>
Hz - (H3

of
(Y".
 H
+ a CH3
rg

* conc.
In (Hy)

He
3
futz ⑦
-wonge ci,
⑧ jossic
-OH (no reaangement) -
HC H +ci H
c,
RH,
>

R-OH t a

walf-kishner ru

-> Same as commenson's ru

-> I=0 s ICH2

On treatmentwith hydrogine followed by heating with sodium/Pattusium hydronics

in high boiling solvent such as ethylene glycol

Ragint ->
HaN-NH2,
KOH
/oOH

! >ICHa
Same
D.M.

x0
= HaN-NI? Ic N-NHa =

Bose, CA

~
oa
NHz-NIta
>

koHt]

Cl

t
7

CH2

0x2 NHz +NH2

I

+H2) (H2
=

De Kolt e
S
0 It
W
I
It 0

B /
2

"I

H
- 8s +

In
2d, I, C1--(H), -H Natta

KOH
>
/ NOH
N

↓ 1
+ 0
 0, +(h
By H*/1
S % 2n
>
1)O
=
+

o
6 -
H
W.KR
C.R

z v

CHz-)Hz-[Hz Iz(-(Hz

Quidation
Tollen's
Test

-> on
warming an aldehyde with freshly prepaired
ammonical silver nitrate solution
Tollons Reagent (AgNoz NH40H) +

->
ABright silver mirror is produced due to formation
of silver metal.

->
Aldehydes getonidised to respective
carbonylate anion

-> Alkaline medium

"gNos
R cho
-
, R-COO+AgH
NH40H

Yost by
given
is aldehydes only, notKetones

Test
Fehling

R-CHO
Fohling a cagesou R-COO - co
Frhling
(Riddish Gawen ppt)
·
Testis by
given Ali Ald.
 imp. Jre

Halaform Tist

->
Adhyles and Kotons Laving atleast one methyl group linked to carbonyl can been atom
(methyl
Kotand) are anidised by sodium hypohalito (Naox) to sodium salts of corresponding
carboxylic acids having one carbon that of carbance
less than compound. The mithy
group converted
is haloform. doesn'taffet=c.
This anidisation Iodofarm eraction with
sodium hypoiodite is used for detection of CASCO group as CH3CH(OH) group which
produces CH3CO group on Quidisation

PhIR-B-CHS
-> Testisgiven
by
a) methyl Kotons

a) 2" Alcohol
PhIR-c-H
c)
Only ethanol NOM

Reagent: Xa + NaOH or NaOX

KOH kOX

a) Mothyl Kotones KOH > k* ON8 +

H H
H 0
Or* P S
X-X 11 1 o
6

R - - It S R-C-c* S
R
-
- -
x >
11
R -c -c -
X

it R- D-S it M it
X -X
O X

-oieResxx
04* 0

(x, C
11 I

+ R -
-

0H R-c- <

it
W

4-0 +
O Halform
11

R-c -
OK c R -

(HX3 importantpoints
ROSOnGSO ⑦
Stallised k -> no. of moles of 2-3 mal

-> no. of more of KOH,3 + 1: 4

Halogenation
D. M
1.
nu:
/

Base

-.
O
3 of
S
I
R -c (X3 -
->
of IPcarbanion
formation is
R. D.S

No Barangement
->

2. Alkaline hydrolysis -> R.O.R & Statilityof Carbunion

RCe
CHIz- Yellow ppt -> R.OR independentof
is Xa
>R -

-0Na+(HXs -> Farmation of CHXs isequal for all X

I
 Na+oN8
by.
CH3 -
4 -(t BeatNaOH s

3
Liz
-
O

-Na+ CHB,

Naoch
80
S
CHUz
+

NaOX ove
↓
0 0

11
11 NaOI
-> 08Nat + CHI3

va*
Bret
KOD, B-
ai-x, ax Rix
Il x38 R-l-op
+

cReysaR-i-x * +
(DBR,
O R-2-OKC R-C cam ↓
sposonised

O
0
11 11
t
KOD
-

OK
7 + (DBR3
BR2
0
O

NaOH +(a0
1-
0
↓
acc
2
=

3
W /

ing Alde

a) 2" Alcohal
Halogins are mild ouidizing agent
OH Methyl Kotone

printing (0]
3 R -

!
Oft
-

CH, - - CH3
-

Ialohal NaOH+X2, II O
c)
Only CHCHaOHgive H-c-0Na + (HX3
NaoX
[H(00Na)
[O]

V
-
Halfam
O

It -

2-City causes the ri

/
salt
 2 pop off rule
->
Papols rule stats that carbonyl partwill
be taken by smaller R-gp.
-> onidiation
of Kotones happen under vigorous condition.

->
Strange [0] agent, elevated timp.
->
Their
(o) <- C Good
dravage to afford a minture of carbonic acids
with
lesser no. of catom.

i
8

or
Il knows
A
Yon + (*.], OH

Py

YON
O

KaCOF, Io t

[0], You
W got
!

Ot
can
2 HNO3,
O
I
Of
Ol oit
I
[0]
3

of O-OH
[O]
>

2- Hydroyon

Aldol reaction

->
Aldehydes and Kotons having atleast 1 9-Hydrogen under go a reaction
in presence of
a dilute alkalias catalyst to form B-
hydroxy ald. (aldal) or Kolone (Kotol)

->
known as Aldal rection.
 KB -

if you find a Aldshydo

Requisment: 1) Ald/ketone with 12-H or ketone with
CCOstability
more than 19H

2) Base die NaOH, KOH, Cacote It the

iO
mar sable

* This will
a used

19 Find 2-H?
⑧
d 2

A)
CH3,carbon B)
(H31c C)
-Yos
e
car.
x
0
=
0

It
a

CH3 nozymagen
H

Mechanism NaOH
die
CAld.) 2 CHz-CHO 3

NaOH > Na* +OH ⑦

(curbanion) itmmidiato
O

b*
such

Set
Acid Base un:tin

H -CHa H
- -

on
sin

as
OH
⑧ O
*
·G 0
I

CHz) -cha C
H-OH Il
H
Citz CH ) H L
- -

L
- -
-
-

H H

B-hydromy Aldehyde
Ald +ol:Aldol

mechanism
ckstones 2CHz -
*-CH3 die
NaOH,

NaOH > Na* +OH ⑦

(curbanion) itmmidiato
O

b* CH3
such

Ente
Acid Base un:tin

H -CHa
- -

8
ean

CH3
s
Ol -

OH
⑧ O
*
·G 0
I

Cz? -cHa 4-
H-OH Il
CH3 Citz CH ( CH3 L
- -

L
- -
-

CH3 CH3
B-hydronyl ketone

Kett of:Kotal
 Heating of Aldal Hrating of Kotol

1)
OH
H 0
GHH
O
I I1 - 11
I
C
C1-C- CH H
CHy-2-CH-C CH3
- -
-

H Cit
A A

(msityl oxide)([H3)cc (H (-cH3

W

0 -

- H)
=

(Goton aldehydr
CHy-GH CH
-

2,B-unsaturated Ketone

2, B-unsaturate Aldehyde

D.M of aldol rx".

did NaOH
2 CH3 CHO 7
8+8-

(Y
- -
H-C OH

!
⑦
O
H
+ -
2 > -
2

a H semning comp.

D. M for Aldal condensation

2 CHz-CHO

Xc =

0 +
yz c 2
=

et+cie
eg. 11 die
O

NaSH, =
11

die
Kolt C215 CH3
Ca15 0
it

it--
H
3
CHo
I c CH >
- -
= +

H
Ciz
 Grass Aldol

When aldol au"

condensation outalw called Aldal
-> is carried a
diff. Ald. as Kotons, It is cross
reaction.

->
If both 2-hydrogen then a minture of 4 products synthesised. In
is total productsa GI
A

B
-** C C
=

KB. Only one had to have

<-
hydrogram, a
"only
eg. CH3-CHO dil ned-a-
t HOH, 4 products are
farmed
CHz-CHz- CHO

0
1. CH
3,
, 0t
=

HCH-CHO Cly-CH CH
=
-
2 -

H
H

0
2. CH3 H

4-
-4
= 2Ho
CHz-CH
4
0 S
-
=
-

1
(H3
G
(aH5
3.
↳

c0
=
H >
CHy-CHa-CH CH
-
-

H
~CH-CHO
+
=

It H

Calt5
H
4.
W

/
C 0
=
-Ho
"
- CH-CHy -CH

4
= -

(H3
H

For major product. ->

1. More Stable (Ald)Kotons
carbocation

2. ROR of NAR Ald) Kot

Rok 21
S. H

ROR &
Electrophilicty

Intra molecular Aldal

->
o f ring (6)57774(3)
stability
Kitand
↑Aldskyde
o
by.
CHz-*-CHz-CHa-c -
H
die Calore,
D
ig
 *

=0 4cacona
3

CH2_(H2- 0 i
O
O H G
CH3 C Il
& 11 di Kolt W I
C0
c
=

-
c
-

CH3
L > >
ktro.
I ald.
H A 'He I
CH2 -CH2

Retro Aldol

-> firsthydrolysis ring

given Braking C-B Band

-> do intramolecular Aldal ew" with out1

0 0

not b 11
4 C
cia-HF
I
L
by H CH3 O O
did
KOH
te GH - - -- - H
u
> I >
BOH
-

OH
iCH- CH
Ol
H die Kolt

B. hydromy Kotens
A
W

1O ④
OH

itise
C
H- / ⑦

OH C CH2
-

0 d
- / I
L CHI c 0 =

I
'ita
L

-
Ha

Hie
O

dil KOH
4-H didkoH
H
eg. A0 H
3
City - 2-CHa -CHz -

-OH OH OH

L " ci C

W
-

/
o
=
S

& CHa
 Nitro-Aldol
1 nitro alkane R-NOz
->
have
Itwill a comp.

carbonyl
I

R-Now because
Always will
give conjugate base
extremly stable
->
a-H is

04 ⑦

IC -NO2 3
CHa-NO2
-- 20
1

K
i =0 H
+
-

zaix
(13
di Naol W
H

g. CHz-CHO +
CHNO2 7 C0 I
=
I
~CH-NO2
>
(Hz -CH CH
= -

NO2
A /
H
H

Ph
By. =
0 + Ph-ca-Non
die CHY -Noa
OH;
-
>Cz-
=

I Ph
(I3

cyno Aldol

Same as 2comp >

cyanide ( R-CH CEN -

Nitro Aldol 01
↓ (H 2ay)
-
↓

carbong R -CH -
C N
=

(Highly stabilized)

Calts
9 ph-ci -cn
*
dil on
Ph
I ↑
by. + 7 c C
=

A
/
-CN
H
1 1 -

-c
W
C 0
=

Et Ph

Aldol in acidic medium

same re
Same as Aldal in Basic
-> die OH8/1
->
H*/1
 notin JEESylabers.

Cannizzaro Ra

a) Aldehydeswhich don'thave any c-H on heating

undergo sey onidiation/Reduction
canc. Alkali. (50%)
With

6) in thisreaction
one molecule of the aldehyde is reduced to alcohol while other is

oridized to carboxylicacid
salt

condition:1. 4-Hydragon shouldn'tbe there

2. Base - come. Base (50% KOHIM Lenc. NaOH

Mechanism:

a),xc-0] casnor, a if isotope used

is

BET-C) D-CCH-2=) HW
migsate
if oH8acts as base fastest

erpulsionin
8
"Ol
H- 3
-

H 3

H-deno Seerightane
-OH Olt

H-
t
>
no
"go
...

-19.PostalHotel
0
Il O it
H-C-0K L
 anidation
S

Overall O
Kor 0
Il
2 H " H-c-0k
(H3OH
-
-

H > +

erduction

-> Ru
Disproportionation
->
soy cannigaro an

D.M iP [O]
O
11 KOH
O
Il
It C H H-C-OH >H-c-0K
-

3
-

0H
HO
2[R] I
↑
It -c
-

H 7 It -CH -

H((H30)

O G

Ph--OK
50% KOH

lg Ph -
" -

H S Ph-CHa-OH
+

G 0
11 58% NaOH 11
2
-

H 3 C-0Na t CH-OH
2

0
G
Il (41.
D-C-T & aigor, get-an T--Ok+TDaOH
KOH

Goss-Connizzuro

in
-> cross
cannizzaro we have a diff reactant

fastestwill get ouidized.

->
one which do NAR

if Formaldehyde any other reactant

no
G-hydrogen
O O

H-Y-H + Ph-Y-H 50% KOH

S H -
*-0** + Ph-CHa-OH
-
OH
ha 6

Park - ,00
H-H
0
-
Pa
,

trange
·
 Reduction

Overall
Ph-CHaOH
can. Naol
H CHO -

+ Ph-CHO >
-CooNa +

onidation

-> not disproptinate rich

-> Rodou Ru".

by 50% KOH
H-CHO +MezC-CHE >H-COOK +
MigC-CHaOH (CH), CCHON

imp.
KOH
ey CHzCHO + H-CHO 7 Total aldol stops. no
=

of 4-hydroyon
(2xres)

*
CH20H
-

i 0 r caCHO
=
+
-
CH20H H-CHO CHaOH
+ -
C- CHO
It' CP -
CHo
CHaoi
H

It
- -
-

C IOH
0 Ho CH2OH
"cost
=

>
-
+ -

/
H
·H-cito V

c'izost
CH20H
H-COOK ((CHaOH)4
+

I, t
-

+- CH20H

.
C 0 H-C-
to
CHO 3
=
+

H CH2OH--CH2OH
(Pontaerythrital)
I

CH20H

Intramolecular cannizzaro Reaction

-> Support NAR gate ouidized if notsimmilar

C[R] S0] 50%. KOH

as glyoual H H 7
HOl)-COOK
- -
-

0 H
2[R]
a) Phthaldehyde It
It
H 00% NaOH
L

OH
3
It OH

"(0] ↓
imp paints a
-

order of carnizzaro run

2 intramolecular R.O.R= K(?"?] [0n)

3 Scannizzare Rate K
=

[HCHO] [OH]
4 highly cons. Guest Rate:K [HCHO]"[ONT2

a) Better hydride donar:Stabl * Gutter Ho dancer

1) Botter proton donce:Stable 8 Gutter It*donor

a)
Exceptions.
->
Cdy--H O
Na cannizare (haloform test)
xX

RaN k-H I
no
cannizzato
-> - -

I I
+M Electrophilicity
↓t

->
H - ( -

CHO > No Aldal

only cannizzaro
Citz
highly unstable.
+
I
⑦
->

if a-H smaud the CH-C-CHO

Ci +I

Electrophilic Substitution Reaction

-> Aromatic carbonys compounds undaga E.S.R

-> Wher-4-acts as deactivating m-directing group.

CHO CHO

I
came. Habon
S
Ch. HNoz
Noz