SLAB ON GRADE

A. SLAB ( S1) :
5.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
1.1 Outline
1.1.1 Material
Quality of Concrete (cylinder at 28 days):
For structural concrete : f' c = 280 kg/cm2
For lean concrete : f' c = 140 kg/cm2
Quality of Cement:
Portland cement, Type I “Normal” conforming to ASTM C150
Quality of Reinforce Bar:
For deformed bar as TIS 24, SD40 : fy = 4,000 kg/cm2
For round bar as TIS 20, SR 24 : fy = 2,400 kg/cm2
For Welded Wire Fabric as TIS 737-2531 : fy = 5,000 kg/cm2
1.1.2 Unit weight
_ Reinforced concrete : Co = 2.4 T/m3
1.1.3 Ground water level
The ground water level at plant site : GWL = 0.0 m.
1.1.4 Base and Sub-grade condition
*Base: Compacted crushed stone
_ Thickness : tb = 0.20 m.
1,900 kg/m
3
_ Unit weight : gb =
_ Internal friction angle : fb = 31 degree
0 kg/cm
2
_ Undrained shear strength : cb =
*Sub-grade: Compacted sub-grade
1,900 kg/m
3
_ Unit weight : gs =
_ Internal friction angle : fs = 31 degree
0 kg/cm
2
_ Undrained shear strength : cs =
0.54 kg/cm
3
_ Average modulus of subgrade reaction : ks =
1.2 Codes, Standards and Specification
Codes and Standards applied for design of the Slab on grade shall be as follows
ACI 318-05 Building Code Requirement for Reinforced Concrete
ACI 360R-92 Design of Slab on Grade
GCEP-CS-002 Design Loads and Criteria
GCEP-CS-004 Foundations and Structures
GCEP-CS-007 Road and Paving
1.3 Loading data
1.3.1 Dead load on the grade slab
0 kg/m
2
Piping (estimated) : gpg =
0 kg/m
2
Miscellaneous (estimated) : gm =
Total of dead load : g = 0 kg/m2
1.3.2 Live load
1500 kg/m
2
Full live load include Material : wM =
Or
Vehicle load : AASHTO H20 ( include) :
+ Vertical load per wheel : P = 0 kg
+ Space center to center of 2 opposite wheel tires : s = 0.00 m
+ Effective contact area of wheel tire : aeff = 200.0 in2

817491481.xls - General 11/20/2024

5.2 CHECK OF UNREINFOCED CONCRETE SLAB THICKNESS WITH WHEEL LOAD (WESTERGAAD'S METHOD)
Compressive strength of concrete f'c = 280.0 kg/cm2
Modulus of rupture = 2 SQRT(f'c) (f'c in kg/cm 2) fr = 33.5 kg/cm2
Allowable tensile stength = fr / F.S. fa = 16.7 kg/cm2
Factor of safety F.S. = 2.0
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec = 2.53E+05 kg/cm2
Possion ratio of concrete mc = 0.15
Modulus of subgrade reaction ks = 0.54 kg/cm3
Maximum wheel load P = - kg
Estimated radius of contact area a = 20.27 cm
Thickness of concrete slab h = 20 cm
Radius of relative stiffness : L = [Ech3 / 12(1-mc2)*ks] 0.25

As per Westergaard's analysis, the maximum tensile stress in concrete due to a wheel load can be obtained :

- at a corner of the slab (critical tension at the top surface) :

ft = 3 P/h2 [1- (a (sqrt(2)/L)0.6]

= 0.0 psi < fa = 285 OK

a1 = a*sqrt(2)

- at a distance from an edge of the slab (tension at the bottom surface) :

fb = 0.316 P/h2 [log h3 - 4 log (sqrt(1.6a2 + h2) - 0.675h) -log(ks) + 6.48]

= 0.0 psi < fa = 285 OK

- at an edge of the slab (tension at the bottom surface) :

fb = 0.572 P/h2 [log h3 - 4 log (sqrt(1.6a2 + h2) - 0.675h) - log(ks) + 5.77]

= 0.0 psi < fa = 285 OK

The above tensile stresses are smaller than or the same as the allowable tensile strength of concrete f a.
Therefore, the above slab thickness is satisfied.

Longitudinal joint

Case 3: edge
Case 1: Corner

Transverse joint
each end Case 2: interior

Pavement edge

WHEEL LOAD CASE FOR JOINTED PAVEMENT

817491481.xls - West'd 11/20/2024

THICKNESS WITH WHEEL LOAD (WESTERGAAD'S METHOD)
=
=
=

=
=
=
=
=

t(1.6a2 + h2) - 0.675h) -log(ks) + 6.48]

t(1.6a2 + h2) - 0.675h) - log(ks) + 5.77]

817491481.xls - West'd 11/20/2024

 5.3 CHECK OF REINFOCED CONCRETE SLAB THICKNESS WITH WHEEL LOAD & POST LOAD (PCA METHOD)
5.3.1 Check with Wheel Load
AASHTO H-20, Axle load (Load per axle = 14,500kg ) = 32,000 lb
Concentrated load per wheel : P = 16,000 lb
Slab thickness : h = 4.00 in.
Effective contact area of wheel tire : seff = 200 in2
Space center to center of 2 opposite wheel tires : s = 0.0 in.
Modulus of subgrade reaction : ks = 19.5 pci
For more safety, it is possible to select : : ks = 30.00 pci
Modulus of rupture : fr = 570.0 psi
Selected factor of safety : F.S. = 2.0
Allowable stress = 285.0 psi
Stress per 1000 lb of axle load: fa / P = 17.8 psi
Solution thickness as determined from Fig. A1.1. : thk req = 6.00 inch
Check thk req < h Not OK

(Refering to ACI 360R - Design of Slab on Grade - Fig. A1.1)

Allowable stress : f'a = 12.50 psi
Flexural tension in the slab = f 'a x P : fb = 200 psi
Allowable tensile strength of concrete : fa = 285.00 psi

Check fb < fa OK

17.8 psi

12.5 psi

8-inch

6-inch

5.3.2 Check with Post Load

Piping & misc. uniform load on the slab :
Dead load : gd = 1,000 kg
Live load (on piping, estimated) : gl = 0 kg
Total dead load + live load : q = 1000 kg
Estimated distance between local foundations / pipe supports (called supports) :
x = 1 m = 39.37 in.
y = 2 m = 78.74 in.
Concentrated load per each support: P = q. = 2000 kg = 4.41 kip
Estimated contact area on the slab of each support : ac = 139.50 in2
Enter the chart of relationship between load contact area and effective load contact area and find out
effective contact area : aeff = 139.50 in2

817491481.xls - PCA 11/20/2024

 (Refering to ACI 360R - Design of Slab on Grade - Fig. A1.2)
Enter the PCA design chart for post loads and find out the stress per 1-kip post load:
Allowable stress = 285.0 psi
Stress per 1000 lb of axle load: fa / P = 64.6 psi

64.6 psi

50 psi

8-inch
7.6-inch

Enter the PCA design chart for post loads and find out the stress per 1-kip post load:
: f'a = 50.00 psi
(Refering to ACI 360R - Design of Slab on Grade - Fig. A1.5 to Fig. A1.7)
Flexural tension in the slab = f'a x P : fb = 220.46 psi
Allowable tensile strength of concrete : fa = 338.82 psi

Check fb < fa OK

Load on
P/2 P P/2 each post P P

yy

x x

817491481.xls - PCA 11/20/2024

5.4 CHECK OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB THICKNESS WITH UNIFORM LOAD
Dead load : g = 0.00 kg/m2
Full live load include Material ( gM = 1000 kg/m2 ) : wM = 1500.00 kg/m2
Total uniform load on the slab (wt) wt = g + wM : wt (S.I) = 1500.00 kg/m2
: wt (ACI) = 2.13 psi
Slab thickness : h = 8.00 in.
Critical aisle width = 2.209 x ls : Waisle = 117.63 in.
(ls : radius of relative stiffness, see Sect. 2, wheel load)
Moment of inertia of a 1 in. strip slab = 1 x h3 /12 : Ig = 42.67 in4
Section modulus of a 1 in. strip slab = 2 x I g/h : S = 10.67 in3

Bending moment at center of the aisle Me = (wt . sinla)/(2l2 . e la) : Me = 1915.24 in-lb/in.
Where:
- l = (ks/4EcIg)1/4 : l = 0.0134 in-1
- a : half-aisle width = Waisle / 2 : a = 58.82 in.
: l.a = 0.788 rad
Flexural tension at the top of the slab = Me / S : fb = 179.50 psi
Allowable tensile strength of concrete : fa = 285.00 psi

Check fb<fa OK

Construction joints
on column lines

LOADED LOADED
AREA AREA

Potential
Waisle cracking

Waisle
LOADED LOADED
AREA AREA

wt CRACK
wt

LOADS DISTRIBUTED OVER PARTIAL AREAS

817491481.xls - Uniform 11/20/2024

5.5 CALCULATION OF SHRINKAGE & TEMPERATURE REINFORCEMENT (PCA METHOD)

The shrinkage & temperature reinforcement could be determined by following subgrade drag equation :
As = F L w / (2 fs)
where, As = cross-sectional area in square inch. of steel per linear foot
fs = allowable stress in the reinforcement, psi
F = the friction factor (1.0 - 2.5)
L = distance in ft between joints
w = self weight of slab, psf

Applying above formula :

Selfweight of slab w = 480 kg/m2 = 98.30 psf
Friction factor F = 1.5 (common use)
Maximum distance between joints L = 6 m = 19.69 ft
Allowable stress of re-bar = 0.5xfy fs = 1200 kg/cm2 = 17,068 psi
So, required shrinkage & temparature reinforcement : As = 0.09 in2/ft
= 1.80 cm2/m
Select 1 layers RB-6 x 150 x 150 As provided = 5.65 cm2/m

Reinforcement for moment capacity

As = 4.4 × MOR × h/ fs
where, As = cross-sectional area in square inch. of steel per linear foot
fs = allowable stress in the reinforcement, psi
MOR = Modulus of rupture for the concrete = 9 * sqrt(fc'), psi
h = slab thickness, in.
So, required reinforcement for moment capacity : As = 1.17 in2/ft
= 24.85 cm2/m
Select 1 layers DB-12 x 150 x 150 As provided = 25.13 cm2/m

817491481.xls - Re-bar 11/20/2024

 5.6 CHECK BEARING CAPACITY OF BASE AND SUB-GRADE
Thickness of slab: (at edge of paving) : h' = 0.40 m.
5.6.1. Properties:
Thickness of base layer: : tb = 0.20 m.
Bearing capacity factors for the Mayerhof equation:
Base layer Sub-grade layer
Nq = e tan (45 + f/2)
ptanf 2
20.63 20.63
Nc = (Nq - 1) cotf 32.66 32.66
Ng = (Nq + 1) tan(f) 24.96 24.96
0.78539816 0.54105207 0.78539816 0.541052068
5.6.2. Load
6.2.1. Tire wheel of AASHTO H20:
Max load per wheel: : P = 0.00 kg
Width of contact area : : b = 0.25 m
Length of contact area : : l = 0.51 m
6.2.1. Weight of Material
Uniform load from Material : wM = 1500.00 kg/m2
5.6.3. Check of bearing capacity when fork truck wheel at edge of slab: ( without material inside)
Load bearing area is determined as follows:
-Width = b + 2h' : B = 1.05 m
-Length = l + 4h' : L = 2.11 m
b l

h' h'

b 2h' 2h' l 2h'

B L

a) Base layer:
Depth of bearing area: : Db = 0.40 m
As per Mayerhof qult = cNcscdc + q Nqsqdq + 0.5gB'Ngsgdg ( B' = B/2 )
where, Kp = 3.12 sc = 1.312 sq = sg = 1.156
q (kg/m ) = 960
2
dc = 1.134 dq = dg = 1.000
Ultimate bearing capacity : qult = 37,347 kg/m2
With safety factor : SF = 2.5
Allowable bearing capacity : qa = 14,939 kg/m2
Average superimposed pressure on the top of base : : sba = 960.00 kg/m2
Check sba < qa Satisfied
Moment caused by the eccentricity of wheel load to center line of bearing area :
: M = 0.00 kg-m
Max pressure on the top of base = sba + 6M/(LB ) 2
: qo = 960 kg/m2
Check qo < qa Satisfied

b) Sub-grade layer:
Depth of bearing area: : Ds = 0.60 m
As per Mayerhof qult = cNcscdc + q Nqsqdq + 0.5gB'Ngsgdg
where, Kp = 3.12 sc = 1.312 sq = sg = 1.156
q (kg/m ) = 1340
2
dc = 1.201 dq = dg = 1.000
Ultimate bearing capacity : qult = 46,410 kg/m2
Allowable bearing capacity : qa = 18,564 kg/m2
Pressure on top of sub-base (center point of load bearing area, at depth tb from bottom of R.C. slab):
ss = Ssbs x m x Is + tb x gb
: ss = 1,297.76 kg/m2
where, m= 2 (Tabulated with: M = B'/tb = 2.635
{ Is = 0.239 N = L'/tb = 5.270 )
Note : pressure sbs at half of load bearing area is (qo+sba)/2 , at other half is 0.2sba (for safety).
Check ss < qa Satisfied

817491481.xls - Bearing1 11/20/2024

*************************************************************************************
Thickness of slab: : h = 0.20 m.
4.1. Properties:
Thickness of base layer: : tb = 0.20 m.

Bearing capacity factors for the Mayerhof equation:

Base layer Sub-grade layer
Nq = e tan (45 + f/2)
ptanf 2
20.63 20.63
Nc = (Nq - 1)cotf 32.66 32.66
Ng = (Nq - 1)tan(1.4f) 18.56 18.56
0.78539816 0.54105207 0.78539816 0.541052068

4.2. Tire wheel of fork lift:

Max load per wheel: : P = 0.00 kg
Width of contact area : : b = 0.25 m
Length of contact area : : l = 0.51 m
*************************************************************************************
5.6.4 Check of bearing capacity when fork truck wheel inside of slab: ( without material )
Load bearing area is determined as follows:
-Width = b + 4h : B = 1.05 m
-Length = l + 4h : L = 1.31 m

b l

h h

2h b 2h 2h l 2h
B L

a) Base layer:
Depth of bearing area: : Db = 0.20 m
As per Mayerhof qult = cNcscdc + q Nqsqdq + 0.5gB'Ngsgdg ( B' = B/2 )
where, Kp = 3.12 dc = 1.067 sq = sg = 1.252
q (kg/m ) = 4802
sc = 1.503 dq = dg = 1.000
Ultimate bearing capacity : qult = 24,026.44 kg/m2
With safety factor : SF = 2.5
Allowable bearing capacity : qa = 9,610.58 kg/m2
Superimposed pressure on the top of base : : sba = 480.00 kg/m2
Check sba < qa Satisfied

b) Sub-grade layer:
Depth of bearing area: : Ds = 0.40 m
As per Mayerhof qult = cNcscdc + q Nqsqdq + 0.5gB'Ngsgdg
where, Kp = 3.12 dc = 1.134 sq = sg = 1.252
q (kg/m2) = 860 sc = 1.503 dq = dg = 1.000
Ultimate bearing capacity : qult = 22,397.86 kg/m2
Allowable bearing capacity : qa = 8,959.14 kg/m2
Pressure on top of sub-base (center point of load bearing area):
ss = P/(BxL) + (Coxh) + (tbxgb) : ss = 860.00 kg/m2
Check ss < q a Satisfied

817491481.xls - Bearing2 11/20/2024

5.6.5. Check of bearing capacity under selfwegiht of material (g M = 1000 kg/m2)
Total selfweight of material and live load : w = 1500.00 kg
Width of contact area : : b = 6.00 m
Length of contact area : : l = 6.00 m

Load bearing area is determined as follows:

-Width = b + 4h : B = 6.80 m
-Length = l + 4h : L = 6.80 m

b l

h h

2h b 2h 2h l 2h
B L

a) Base layer:
Depth of bearing area: : Db = 0.20 m
As per Mayerhof qult = cNcscdc + q Nqsqdq + 0.5gB'Ngsgdg ( B' = B/2 )
where, Kp = 3.12 dc = 1.010 sq = sg = 1.312
q (kg/m ) = 480
2
sc = 1.625 dq = dg = 1.000
Ultimate bearing capacity : qult = 91,672.96 kg/m2
With safety factor : SF = 2.5
Allowable bearing capacity : qa = 36,669.18 kg/m2
Superimposed pressure on the top of base : : sba = 1,980.00 kg/m2
Check sba < qa Satisfied

b) Sub-grade layer:
Depth of bearing area: : Ds = 0.40 m
As per Mayerhof qult = cNcscdc + q Nqsqdq + 0.5gB'Ngsgdg
where, Kp = 3.12 dc = 1.021 sq = sg = 1.312
q (kg/m ) = 860
2
sc = 1.625 dq = dg = 1.000
Ultimate bearing capacity : qult = 24,568.08 kg/m2
Allowable bearing capacity : qa = 9,827.23 kg/m2
Pressure on top of sub-base (center point of load bearing area):
ss = P/(BxL) + (Coxh) + (tbxgb) : ss = 2,360.00 kg/m2
Check ss < qa Satisfied

817491481.xls - Bearing 3 11/20/2024