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ADR Course Outline

Alternative Dispute Resolution (University of Nairobi)

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UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI
SCHOOL OF LAW
GPR 312: ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
June 2017
COURSE OUTLINE

INSTRUCTORS: L. OBURA ALOO & NJOKI MBOCE

[email protected] , [email protected] / [email protected]
______________________________________________________________________________________

A. PRELIMINARY

Purpose
The purpose of this course unit is to provide the students with basic theoretical and practical
understanding of alternative non-litigation processes of dispute resolution. To familiarize
students with the legal framework governing alternative dispute resolution methods as well as the
link between these methods and the mainstream justice system. To expose students to the ethical
and other key concerns with alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. The course provides a
foundation for future practical and theoretical study.

Course Objectives
The general objective of this course unit is to provide a broad overview of an extremely large and
complex area and to provide a foundation for future practical and theoretical training.

At the end of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Explain the key principles and values underpinning alternative non litigation processes of
dispute resolution
2. Outline the key alternative dispute resolution processes and the procedures involved in
each method.
3. In a given situation identify the most appropriate alternative dispute resolution process
and illustrate how the process would be carried out.
4. Analyze the place of alternative dispute resolution within the Kenyan legal system.

B. Course Content:

Alternative dispute resolution versus adversarial litigation; alternative dispute resolution

methods; theories and principles informing alternative dispute resolution processes; procedures
and practice in- negotiation, mediation, arbitration, traditional dispute resolution; court annexed
alternative dispute resolution; legal and ethical issues in alternative dispute resolution process.

1.0 Introduction to ADR

2.0 Theoretical Basis for ADR
3.0 Overview of Methods of ADR
4.0 Negotiation
4.1 Definition of Negotiation
4.2 Approaches to Negotiation
4.3 Negotiation and the Court Process

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4.4 Ethical Issues and negotiation

5.0 Mediation
5.1 Definition of Mediation
5.2 Approaches to Mediation
5.3 Mediation and the Court Process
5.4 Ethical Issues and Mediation
6.0 Arbitration
6.1 Introduction to the Arbitration Process-The Arbitration Act 1995 and Uncitral
Model Law on Arbitration
6.2 The Arbitration Agreement
6.3 Stay of Proceedings
6.4 Constitution the Arbitral Tribunal
6.5 Matters of Jurisdiction
6.6 Remuneration of Arbitrators
6.7 Conduct of Proceedings and Powers of the Tribunal
6.8 The Award and Termination of Proceedings
6.9 Recourse to the High Court
6.10 Recognition and Enforcement of the Award
7.0 Other Methods
7.1 Traditional Dispute Resolution Methods
7.2 Online Dispute Resolution

Teaching Methodology
The course will be conducted by way of lectures; tutorials; seminars discussions (on the times
and days of the week as are shown in the relevant timetable); individual student and group
presentation; and problem based learning. Students are expected to prepare sufficiently in
advance to participate in the tutorials and seminars discussions. Where alternative mode of
fulfilling some of the requirements of the course becomes necessary, the students would be
notified appropriately.

Students will be directed to course materials and will be expected to have read the materials
before the class. Materials to be read will include books available in the University library and
internet resources.

Instructional Materials / Equipment

Textbooks, cases and material on various topics of the course units, articles, overhead projector,
video and DVD player, white board and flip charts.

Method of Evaluation
Continuous Assessment Test 30%
Final Examinations 70%
Total 100%

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C. Reading Material

1. Text Books and Other Materials

Muigua, Kariuki. Resolving Conflicts Through Mediation in Kenya. Glenwood Publishing,

Nairobi, 2012.
Muigua, Kariuki. Settling Disputes Through Arbitration in Kenya. Glenwood Publishing, Nairobi,
2012
Muigai, Githu (ed) Arbitration Law & Practice in Kenya. Law Africa, Nairobi. 2011.
Muigua, K. Alternative Dispute Resolution & Access to Justice in Kenya. Glenwood Publishing
Nairobi 2015
Fisher, R., Ury, W. and Patton, B., Getting to Yes: Negotiating an Agreement without Giving In
(2nd ed. London: Random House Business Books, 1999).
Lawrence, Boulle. Mediation: Principles Process Practice, 2nd Edition, Lexis Nexis Butterworths
2005.
Brown, H & A Mariot. ADR Principles and Practice 3rd ed. Sweet & Maxwell. London,

The Constitution of Kenya (including article 159, 47, 48, 113, 189, 216)
The Arbitration Act (Chapter 49) Laws of Kenya
The Arbitration Rules, 1997 L.N. 58 of 1997
The Civil Procedure Act (Chapter 21) Laws of Kenya
The Civil Procedure Rules, 2010 L.N. 151 of 2010.
The Magistrates Courts Act, 2015
The High Court (Organisation and Administration) Act, 2015
The Court of Appeal (Organisation and Administration) Act, 2015
Nairobi Centre for International Arbitration Act, (Act No 26 of 2013) Laws of Kenya’
Nairobi Centre for International Arbitration (Mediation) Rules, 2015 L.N. 253 of 2015
Nairobi Centre for International Arbitration (Arbitration) Rules, 2015 L.N. 255 of 2015
The Labour Relations Act No. 14 of 2007
Commission on Administrative Justice Act (Chapter 102A) Laws of Kenya
National Cohesion and Integration Act
Intergovernmental Relations Act
Consumer Protection Act (No 46 of 2012) Laws of Kenya s. 88 and s. 90
The Small Claims Court Act (No 2 of 2016) s. 18

The lecture hours only serve to introduce the students to the concepts theories and case studies
and to direct students to the material available. It is necessary that the student read as widely as
possible in order to appreciate the topics fully.

2. SELECTED MATERIALS AND CASES

Limits of the Judiciary

 *Pound, Roscoe. “The Causes of Popular Dissatisfaction with the Administration of

Justice- Presented at the Annual convention of the American Bar Association” 29 ABA
Report 1 395-417, 1906.

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 Mbote, P.K. and Migai Akech. Kenya Justice Sector and the Rule of Law. OSIEA,
Nairobi, 2011.

 Mbote, P.K. “Towards Greater Access to Justice in Environmental Disputes in Kenya:

Opportunities for Intervention”. IELRC Working paper 2005-1, Geneva, 2005

 Final Report of the Task Force on Judicial Reforms (Ouko Report) Government Printer,
Nairobi, 2010.

 The Report of the Committee on Ethics and Governance of the Judiciary (Kihara kariuki
Report), Nairobi, 2008

 Report of the Sub Committee on Ethics and Governance of the Judiciary (Onyango-
Otieno Report) 2005

 The Report of the Integrity and Anti-Corruption Committee of the Judiciary. (The Ringera
Report), 2003

 The Report of the Committee on the Administration of Justice (Kwach Report), 1998.

 The Consultancy Report on the Synchronized Survey of Pending Cases in Kenyan Courts,
2007

 The Judiciary Strategic Plan 2009-2012

 The Judiciary Transformation Framework – 2012-2016

 www.jmvb.or.ke – Judges and Magistrates Vetting Board

 The Constitution of Kenya, 2010. Article 159

 *R v Mohamed Abdow Mohamed[2013]eKLR (HC Crim Case 86 of 2011 Korir J.
2/5/2013)
 ⃰Rv Leraas Lenchura [2012] eKLR
 T.S.J. v S.H.S.R. [2014] eKLR
⃰
 Musiga, T.J.O. “Integration of Customary Law Concepts onto Kenya’s Criminal Justice
System: A Commentary on Lenchura and Mohamed Abdow Cases” LSKJ Vol 12(2) 138-
149
 R (on the application of Carol) v Plymouth City Council [2002] WLR 803 at 1 & 25 per
Lord Wolf
 Jimmy Mutinda v IEBC HC Mis App 2 & 11 of 2013 Odunga J.
 Kimani wa Kabati v Kioi wa Nagi (1919-21) VIII KLR 129
 *Gewn, Hezel. Paths to Justice: What People Do and Think About Going to Law. Oxford.
Hart Publishing, 1999.
 Brown, H & A Mariot. ADR Principles and Practice 3rd ed. Sweet & Maxwell. London,
Chapters 1, 2 and 3.

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a) Introduction to ADR

b) Definition of ADR

c) Theoretical Basis for ADR

d) Relative advantages and disadvantages of ADR and the Court System

e) ADR and the Constitution of Kenya

ADR and the Limits of Adversarial Justice

 *Pound, Roscoe “Causes of Popular Dissatisfaction with the Administration of Justice”

1906

 *Bok, Derek C. “A Flawed System of Law and Practice and Training” 33 J. Leg Educ 570

 *Fiss, Owen. “Against Settlement” 93 Yale L.J. 1073 (1984)

 *Fuller, L. L. "The Forms and Limits of Adjudication." Harvard Law Review 92 (1978) :
353-409.
 Harry T. Edwards “Alternative Dispute Resolution: Panacea or Anathema?” (1986)
Havard Law Review

 Aubert, V. "Courts and Conflict Resolution." Journal of Conflict Resolution 11(1967): 40-
51.

 *Twining, W. "Alternative to What? Theories of American Litigation, Procedure and

Dispute Settlement in Anglo-American Jurisprudence: Some Neglected Classics."
Modern Law Review 56(1993): 380-392.

 Jolowicz, J. A. "Adversarial and Inquisitorial Models of Civil Procedure." International

and Comparative Law Quarterly 52 (2003): 281-295.

 Menkel-Meadow, Carrie. "The Trouble with the Adversary System in a Post-Modern,

Multi-Cultural World. William and Mary Law Review 38(1996) : 5-44.
 Grande E. “Alternative Dispute Resolution: Africa and the Structure of Power”. Journal
of African Law 43: 63-70
 Mulchy, L. The collective Interest in Private Dispute Resolution. Oxford J. Legal Studies.
(2013) 33 (1) 59
 Roberts, Simon and M. Palmer. Dispute Processes: ADR and the Primary Forms of
Decision-Making. Cambridge University Press Cambridge, 2005. Esp. Chapter 1 and 2
 Hurst V Leening [2002] ChD
 Halsey v Milton Keynes General NHS Trust [2004] EWCA 576

a) Adversarial vs. Inquisitorial Methods of Adjudication

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b) Advantages and Disadvantages of the Various Approaches

c) ADR Approaches to dispute settlement and conflict resolution

Negotiation

 *Fisher, R., Ury, W. and Patton, B., Getting to Yes: Negotiating an Agreement without
Giving In (2nd ed. London: Random House Business Books, 1999).

 Funken, Katja. The Pros and Cons of Getting to Yes. University of Queensland

 Brown, H & A Mariot. ADR Principles and Practice 3rd ed. Sweet & Maxwell. London,
Chapter 4.

 Craver, C.B. “Negotiating Ethics: How to be Deceptive Without being Dishonest/How to

be assertive Without being Offensive.” George Washington University Public Policy and
Legal Theory Working Paper No 268

 Carver, C.B. “The Negotiating Process” George Washington University Public Policy and
Legal Theory Working Paper No 277

 Menkel-Meadow, Carrie “Legal Negotiation: A study of Strategies in Search of a theory”

1983 Am. B. Found Res J. (1983)

 Lande, J. “Getting Good Results for Client’s by Building Good Working Relationships
with Opposing Counsel” 33 ULA Vere L Rev 107 (2011)

a) Definition of Negotiation

b) Types of Negotiation Styles

c) Competitive vs. Co-operative Negotiation

d) Principled Negotiation –

e) Negotiator’s Skills

f) Negotiation and the Legal Process- “without prejudice” negotiation, recording of

settlement.

g) Ethics and Negotiation

Mediation

 *Brown, H & A Mariot. ADR Principles and Practice 3rd ed. Sweet & Maxwell. London,
Chapters 8,9,16 and 17

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 Annan, Kofi. Interventions. Allen Lowe/Penguin, London 2012.

 Gichuhi, Allen. “Court Mandated Mediation: The Final Solution to Expeditious Disposal
of Cases” Vol 1 No2 (2005) Law Society of Kenya Journal 91-121

 Chartered Institute of Arbitrators Workbook on Mediation CIArb, London, 2002

 *Muigua, Kariuki. Resolving Conflicts Through Mediation in Kenya. Glenwood

Publishing, Nairobi, 2012.

 Thompson, P. N. "Enforcing Rights Generated In Court-Connected Mediation - Tension

Between The Aspirations of a Private Facilitative Process and the Reality of Public
Adversarial Justice." Ohio State Journal On Dispute Resolution 19(2004): 509-572.

 *The Civil Procedure Act (Cap21) Laws of Kenya

 *Universal Satspace v Gov of Kenya [2013] EWHC 4609 QB

a) Definition of mediation

b) The Mediation Process

c) Mediator’s Skills- Evaluative vs facilitative Mediation, Selection of Mediators

d) Mediation and the Legal Process- Court Annexed Mediation

e) Ethics and Mediation

Arbitration

 Muigai, Githu (ed) Arbitration Law & Practice in Kenya. Law Africa, Nairobi. 2011.
 Muigua, Kariuki. Settling Disputes Through Arbitration in Kenya. Glenwood Publishing,
Nairobi, 2012
 Bernstein, Ronald; John Tackaberry and Arthur L. Marriott. Handbook of Arbitration
Practice. Sweet and Maxwell London, 1998.
 Mustill, Michael and Steward C. Boyd. Commercial Arbitration. 2nd Edition.
Butterworths. London, 1989.
 Gakeri, J. “Placing Kenya on the Global Platform: An Evaluation of Arbitration and
ADR” in International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol No 6 June 2011
 Torgbor, E.N.A. “A Comparative Study of Law AND Practice of Arbitration in Kenya,
Nigeria and Zimbabwe, with Particular Reference to Current Problems in Kenya” Phd
Dissertation University of Stellenbosch 2013.

 The Arbitration Act, 1995

 The Civil Procedure Act (Cap 21) Laws of Kenya.

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a) Introduction to the nature of the Arbitration process

i. Objects and functions of Arbitration

ii. Potential Advantages of Arbitration and differences between arbitration and

litigation

o Handbook p.3-10; p. 13-32

o Mustill & Boyd Chapter 1 &2

o Muigai, G. and J. Kamau “The Legal Framework of Arbitration

in Kenya” in Muigai, Githu (ed) Arbitration Law & Practice in
Kenya. Law Africa, Nairobi. 2011 p. 1-10

o Muigua, K, 2011 chapter 1

o Aloo, L.O. & E.K. Wesonga “What is there to hide? Privacy

and Confidentiality versus Transparency: Government
Arbitrations in Light of the Constitution of Kenya 2010” ADR
Vol 3 Issue 2 (2015) 1-29

o Mboce, Njoki. Rule of law, Economic development and

Investment Arbitration under Bilateral Investment Treaties
(BITS). (2016) 4(1) Alternative Dispute Resolution (ISBN 978-
9966-046-09-3), the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators –Kenya
Journal. http://www.ciarbkenya.org/assets/volume-4-issue-1--
vfinal--30th-march.pdf

b) The Arbitration Agreement

 Statutory Definition

 Formal Requirements

 May relate to existing or potential dispute

 Constituents of arbitration agreement

 Precedents and drafting suggestions

o Section 3 and 4 of Arbitration Act

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o Mbobu, K. “The Arbitration Agreement” in Muigai, Githu (ed)

Arbitration Law & Practice in Kenya. Law Africa, Nairobi.
2011 p. 11-28

o Chapter 5,6,7, 10 of Mustill & Boyd

o Handbook p. 32-38, Appendix 1

o Muigua, K, 2011 chapter 2

o Scott v Avery (1850) 5.H.L.CS 811

o Telkom Kenya Limited and another v Kamconsult Limited

HCCC 262 and 267 (Consolidated) of 2011 (O.S.) Nairobi
(Ringera J.)

c)Stay of Proceedings

 Jurisdiction of the Court to order Stay

 Time- when application should be made

 Form of application
o Section 6 of Arbitration Act
o Handbook p. 38-41
o Mustill & Boyd p. 7-8 and Chapter 30

o Muigua, K, 2011 chapter 3

o The Arbitration Rules, 1997 Rule 2
o Ngotho, Paul “The Bustard Clause in Kenya’s Arbitration Act”
o TM & AM Construction Group (Africa) v Attorney-General
HCCC No 236 of 2001 Milimani, Nairobi (Mbaluto J.)
o Tropical Foods Products International v The Eastern and
Southern Africa Trade and Development Bank (The PTA Bank)
& Another HCCC No 1534 of 2001 Milimani, Nairobi (Mwera
J)
o Victoria Furnitures Limited v African Heritage Limited and
Investments & Mortgages Limited HCC No 904 of 2001
Milimani, Nairobi, (Mbaluto J.)
o Bayo Limited v Plastic Products (K) Limited HCCC No 451 of
2002 Miliamni, Nairobi (Mwera J)
o De Chazal Du Mee & Company v Ndung’u Gathinji HCCC No
128 of 1999 Milimani, Nairobi (Mbaluto J.)

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o Nelliwa Builders & Civil Engineers Limited v Jacob Ngaru

Solomon and 3 others HCCC No 1093 of 1999 Milimani,
Nairobi. (Mbaluto J.)
o Barlany Car Hire Services Limited v Corporate Insurance
Limited HCCC No 1249 of 2000 Milimani, Nairobi (Hewett J.)
o James Muhando Mwangi v Board of Governors Premier
Academy and Apollo Insurance Company Limited HCCC No 78
of 2001 Milimani, Nairobi (Mbaluto J)
o Boma Consultants (Architects & Urban Designers) v Elimu
Co-operative Society Limited HCCC No 1817 of 2001
Milimani, Nairobi, (Mbaluto J)
o Erine Campbell & Company Limited v Githunguri Dairy Plant
Company Limited HCCC No 1562 of 2000 Milimani, Nairobi
(Onyango-Otieno J.)

d) Constituting the arbitration tribunal

 Number of Arbitrators

 Procedure for Choosing Arbitrator(s)

 Time Limits

 Disqualification and Challenges

 Retirement and Removal of Arbitrators

o Handbook p. 44-46

o Mustill & Boyd Chapters 15,16, 17 and 18

o Muigua, K, 2011 chapter 4

o Section 11 – 16 Arbitration Act

o Barlany Car Hire Services Limited v Corporate Insurance Limited

HCCC No 1249 of 2000 Milimani, Nairobi (Hewett J.)

o Bremer v Ets Soules [1985] 1 Lloyds LR 160

o The “Elissar” Case [1984] 2 Lloyds LR 84

o In the matter of Kembi-Gitura Advocates & another High Court

Mis Case No 450 of 2000 Milimani, Nairobi, (Hewett J)

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e) Matters of jurisdiction

 Powers of the Arbitration tribunal to rule on its own jurisdiction

 Principle of separability

 Doctrine of Kompetez-Kompetenz

o Section 17 Arbitration Act

o Handbook p. 66-69

o Mustill & Boyd p. 108-12

o Muigua, K, 2011 chapter 5

o Nyaoga, M. “The Jurisdiction and Powers of the Arbitrator” in

Muigai, Githu (ed) Arbitration Law & Practice in Kenya. Law
Africa, Nairobi. 2011 p. 29-50

o Telkom Kenya Limited and another v Kamconsult Limited

HCCC 262 and 267 (Consolidated) of 2011 (O.S.) Nairobi
(Ringera J.)

o In the matter of Kembi-Gitura Advocates & another High Court

Mis Case No 450 of 2000 Milimani, Nairobi, (Hewett J)

o World Vision International Sudan/Somalia Program v Harrison

Mbugua t/a Mantrad Enterprises HCCC No 784 of 2002
Milimani, Nairobi (Mbaluto J)

o World Duty Free Company Limited v The Republic of Kenya

(ICSID Case no Arb/00/07)

o Harbour Assurance Co (U.K.) Limited v Kansa general

International Insurance Company Limited [1993] Q.B. 701

o Christopher Brown Limited v Genossenschaft [1954] 1 Q.B. 8

o Heyman and another v Darwins Limited[1942] 1 All ER 337

f) Remuneration of Arbitrators

 Right to Remuneration

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 Lien

 Right to being an Action

o Handbook p. 69-81

o Mustill & Boyd p. 233-246

o Section 32(6) of the Arbitration Act

o ReCoombs and Freshfileds and Fernley [1850] 4 Exch 839

o Government of Ceylon v Chandris [1963] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 214

[1963] 2 QB 327

o Crampton and Holt v Ridley & Co. [1887] 20 QBD 48

o K/S Norjarl v Hyundai Heavy Industries Co Ltd [1991] 3 All

ER 211

g) Conduct of arbitral proceedings

 Procedure to be followed

 Principle of natural justice

o Section 19-28 of Arbitration Act

o Kairu, S. “The Conduct of the Arbitral Process” in Muigai,

Githu (ed) Arbitration Law & Practice in Kenya. Law Africa,
Nairobi. 2011 p. 51-64

o Handbook p. 81-89

o Mustill & Boyd chapter 21,22, 23, 24

o Muigua, K, 2011 chapter 7 & 8

o John Odiyo Adero & another v Ulinzi Sacco Society Limited

HCCC No 1879 of 1999 Milimani, Nairobi (Onyango-Otieno J)

o China Jiangsu International v Dudu Housing Co-operative

Society Limited HC Mis App. No. 54 of 1999, Milimani,
Nairobi (Onyango-Otieno J)

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o Aloo, L.O. “Consolidation of Commercial Arbitration:

Institutional and Legislative Responses” ADR Vol 3 Issue 1
(2015) 139-162

h) Powers of Arbitrator/tribunal

 Express Terms

 Implied Terms

 Terms of Professional Body eg Chartered Institute of Arbitrators –

Arbitration Rules

 Terms Incorporated by Statute

o Handbook p 89-104

o Mustill & Boyd chapter 21

o Muigua, K, 2011 chapter 5

i) Award and termination of proceedings

 Award

 Termination of proceedings

o Handbook p. 225-235

o Mustill & Boyd chapter 25,26, 27

o Muigua, K, 2011 chapter 9

o Section 29-34 of the Arbitration Act

j) Recourse to the High Court

 Setting Aside

 Determining Questions of Law

 Appeals

o Section 34, 39 Arbitration Act

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o Muigai, G. “The role of the Court in Arbitration Proceedings”

in Muigai, Githu (ed) Arbitration Law & Practice in Kenya.
Law Africa, Nairobi. 2011 p. 65-98

o Muigua, K, 2011 chapter 10

o John Odiyo Adero & another v Ulinzi Sacco Society Limited

HCCC No 1879 of 1999 Milimani, Nairobi (Onyango-Otieno J)

o China Jiangsu International v Dudu Housing Co-operative

Society Limited HC Mis App. No. 54 of 1999, Milimani,
Nairobi (Onyango-Otieno J)

o Housing Finance Company of Kenya Limited v Gitutho

Associate and another HCCC Misc App No 76 of 2000 (O.S.)
Milimani, Nairobi (Mbaluto J.)

o Express Kenya Limited v Peter Titus Kanyago HC Mis CC No

963 of 2002 Milimani, Nairobi (Ringera J.)

o Macco Systems India PVT Limited v Kenya Finance Bank

Limited HCCC No 173 of 1999 Milimani, Nairobi (Onyango-
Otieno J)

o Joseph Odero t/a Westconcult Engineers v National Bank of

Kenya Limited HC Misc App No 491 of 2000 Milimani,
Nairobi (Mbaluto J)

o APV Hall Equatorial Limited v Mistry Jadva Parbat &

Company Limited HC Misc App. No 39 of 1999 Milimani,
Nairobi (Onyango-Otieno J)

o Christ for All Nations v Apollo Insurance Company Limited

HCCC No 477 of 1999 Milimani, Nairobi (Ringera J)

o Njoka Tanners Limited & 2 others v Industrial and Commercial

Development Corporation (ICDC) HC Misc App 8 of 2001
Milimani, Nairobi,(Ringera J)

o UAP Provincial Insurance Company Limited v Michael John

Beckett [2013] eKLR

o Tanzania National Roads Agency v Kudan Singh Construction

[2014] e KLR CA Mombasa (Okwengu, Mkahndia, Sichale
JJA)

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o Nyutu Agrovet Limited v Airtel Networks Limited [2015] eKLR

o Lufuno Mphaphuli & Associates(Pty) v Andrew [2009] ZACC

k) Recognition and Enforcement of Awards

 Procedure for enforcement

 Grounds for Refusal of Recognition

o Sections 36 and 37 Arbitration Act

o Imende, G and W. Ngige. “The Award” in Muigai, Githu (ed)

Arbitration Law & Practice in Kenya. Law Africa, Nairobi.
2011 p. 99-120

o Regeru, N. “Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitration

Awards” in Muigai, Githu (ed) Arbitration Law & Practice in
Kenya. Law Africa, Nairobi. 2011 p. 121-156

o Muigua, K, 2011 chapter 11

o Kariuki, Francis “Redefining Arbitrability: Assessment of

Articles 159 & 189(d) of the Constitution of Kenya” (2014) 2
ADR

o Mboce, Njoki. Enforcement of International Arbitral Awards:

Public Policy Limitation. (2015) 3(1) Alternative Dispute
Resolution (ISBN 978-9966-046-04-8), the Chartered Institute
of Arbitrators –Kenya Journal.
http://www.ciarbkenya.org/assets/final-volume-3-issue-1.pdf
Havelock, J.B. “Costs and Interest” in Muigai, Githu (ed)
Arbitration Law & Practice in Kenya. Law Africa, Nairobi.
2011 p. 157-194

o Utalii Transport Company Limited v Kenya Shell Limited HC

Misc App. No 376 of 2000 Milimani, Nairobi (Mbaluto J.)

o John Odiyo Adero & another v Ulinzi Sacco Society Limited

HCCC No 1879 of 1999 Milimani, Nairobi (Onyango-Otieno J)

o China Jiangsu International v Dudu Housing Co-operative

Society Limited HC Mis App. No. 54 of 1999, Milimani,
Nairobi (Onyango-Otieno J)

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o T.S.J. v S.H.S.R. [2014] eKLR

o Booz Allen & Hamilton Inc v SBI Home Finance Ltd (2011) 5
SCC 532

Traditional Dispute Resolution

 Juma, Lawrence “The Legitimacy of Indigenous Legal Institutions and Human Rights
Practice in Kenya: An Old Debate Revisited” 14 Afr. J Int’l & Comp Law (2006) 176

 *Negwah, A. “Dilemma of Justice & Reconciliation: Rwandans and the Gacaca Courts” 18
Afr. J. Int’l & Comp. L. (2010)

 *Chopra, Tanja. Building Informal Justice in Northern Kenya. Legal Resources Foundation
Trust, Nairobi. 2008

 *Chopra, Tanja. “Dispensing Elusive Justice: The Kenyan Judiciary Amongst Pastoralist
Societies”. Hague Journal of the Rule of Law 2:95-110, 2010.

 *Kariuki, Francis. “Applicability of traditional Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in Criminal

Cases in Kenya: Case Study of Republic v Mohamed Abdow Mohamed [2013] eKLR.”
(2014) 1 ADR 202

 ⃰ Kariuki, Francis. “Community, Customary and Traditional Justice Systems in Kenya:

Reflecting on and Exploring the Appropriate Terminology” (2015) 1 ADR 163
 Makumi, Mwagiru. Conflict in Africa; Theory, Processes and Institutions of Management.
Centre for Conflict Research Nairobi, 2006.

 Nyamu-Musembi, Celestine. Review of the Experience in Engaging with ‘Non-State’ Justice

System in East Africa. Institute of Development Studies, Sussex University, 2003

 International Commission of Jurists, Kenya. Community Justice System Study. ICJ Nairobi,
2003

 Gluckman, M. Custom and Conflict in Africa. Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1955.

 Gluckman, M. The Judicial Process Among the Barotse of Northern Rhodesia. Manchester
University Press, Manchester,1955.

 Kenyatta, J. Facing Mount Kenya: Tribal Life of the Kikuyu. Vintage Books 1971

 Allott, A.N. “Arbitral Proceedings in Customary Law” 1957 Journal of African Law 9

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 FIDA Kenya. Traditional Justice Systems in Kenya: A study of Communities in Coast

Province, Kenya. Fida, Nairobi,

 Rabar, B. (ed) Indigenous Democracy: Traditional conflict Resolution Mechanisms: Pokot,

Turkana, Samburu and Marakwet. ITGA. Nairobi. 2004.

 Oluduro, Olibayo. “Customary Arbitration in Nigeria: Developments and Prospects” 19 Afr.

J. Int’l and Comp L. 307 (2011)

 Abel “Customary Law of Wrongs in Kenya: An Essay in Research Method” 17 Am J, of Com

Law 573, 582-586 (1969)

 Beonard, Phyllis. “Begging For Justice? Or Adoptive Jurisprudence? Initial Reflections or

Mandatory ADR to Enforce Women’s Rights in Rwanda” Cardozo J of Conflict Resolution
Vol 7: 325

 Ndeto Kimomo v Kavui Musumba (1977) KLR 170

 Erustus Githinga Mutuma v Mutia Kanuno [2012] eKLR

Emerging and Other Methods of Alternative Dispute Resolution

 Online Dispute Resolution (ODR)

o EU ADR/ODR Directive

o EU Directive on Consumer ADR

o EU Regulation on Consumer ODR

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