INTRODUCTION. New (1) Print

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
The word "textile" was originally used to define a woven fabric and the
processes involved in weaving. Textile refers to any material made of interlacing fibres
or Yarns. The yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other
material to produce long strands. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting,
knotting, or pressing fibres together (felt) carty (2013)
A fibre is to be considered for its possible use as a textile fibre, it must possess
some certain physical and chemical properties. Textile nylon, polyester fibres etc., seems
to have firmly established themselves on different extent in the apparel and household
fields, even though newer and newer series are appearing on the textile horizon fabric
made from different fibres have tally different properties and hence are studied for
different purposes. Shenai (1996). Textile have such an important bearing on our daily
lives that everyone needs to know something about them. From earliest times, people
have used textiles of various types for covering, warmth, even to display personal wealth.
Today, textiles are still used for this purpose and everyone is an ultimate consumer,
Bernard corbman (1987)
Textile history has many facts it can involve archaeology, in as much as

fabrics provide a record of ancient man, or anthropology, in as much fabrics form part of
the material culture of a primitive people. It can involve a study of religion and symbolism
in order to decipher motifs, or it can mean using chemistry to identify Fibers, analyse
dyes, or properly clean an old textile. Politics and economics are also intricately woven
into textile history. Natural fibres such as cotton, flax, jute, and sisal have been used for
centuries in applications ranging from tents and tarpaulins to ropes, sailcloth, and sacking.
There is evidence of woven fabrics being used in Roman times and before to stabilize
marshy ground for road building-early examples of what would now be termed geo
textiles san geo grids, opine Byrne (2000)
Technical textile is defined as textile materials and products manufactured

primarily for their technical performance and functional properties rather than aesthetic
decorative characteristics. Technical textiles are textile materials and products used for
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their technical performance and functional properties. Technical textiles represent a
multi-disciplinary field with numerous end use application. The production of different
items of technical textile industry has been slowly but steadily increasing in the country.
An exceptional feature of technical textile is the use of innumerable varieties of raw
material, process, product and application for their production, says Carty (2013)
Technical textile is used in different forms in various industries like

construction, transport, agriculture, medical, hygiene, and sporting. In industrial
manufacturing operations technical textile are used for filters, machine clothing, conveyor
belts, and abrasive substrates. They are also incorporated into industrial products such as
electrical components and cables, flexible seals and diaphragms, and acoustic and thermal
insulation for other domestic appliances. Technical textiles have a significant part of
growth in the world textiles. It represents about 31% of the total textile production.
Technical textiles are defined as textile materials and products used primarily for their
technical performance and functional properties rather than their aesthetic or decorative
characteristics, opines Sara kadolph (1988)
Protective textiles are one of the fastest growing sectors of technical textile
globally. The primary role of everyday clothing is to protect the human body from adverse
climate, and the term protective textile is used when they have been especially developed
for extraordinary protection such as form fire, wind, microorganisms, chemicals, gas,
ballistics, radiation electricity, etc. There has been a recent trend to develop these
materials from natural resources.
Protective textile is among one such smart application of smart technology

in textiles protective textiles refer to those textile products which have a functionality of
giving protection from something in some or the other sense (Kunal singha, Subhankar
Mairy, Pinta Pandit )2022.These can be mosquito repelling or may be insect repelling
and also may be anti- bacterial and anti-fungal. These may also be heat and cold resistant
or with any other property. Although this smart textile, still has a good scope has a good
scope for growth.
Bananas grow on plants, rather than trees, with the fruit technically being a
berry. The leaf sheath around the base of this herbaceous flowering plant is where you
find the hidden fibre resources-not in the fruit at all. The abaca variety grows non-edible
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fruit, but some famers can also take the banana fibre from plantain species, therefore
utilising the whole pant. Banana fibre, also known as, Musa fibre is one of the world’s
strongest natural fibres is made from the stem of the banana tree and is incredibly durable
(Stephanie Steela) 2019
Leucas aspera (willd.) Linn. (Family: Lamiaceae) commonly known as

Thumbai is distributed throughout India from the Himalayas down to Ceylon. The plant
is used tradionally as an antipyretic and insecticide. Flowers are valued as stimulant,
expectorant, aperient, diaphoretic, insecticide and emmenagogue. Leaves are considered
useful in chronic skin eruptions. Bruised leaves are applied locally in snake bites.
Leucas aspera commonly known as ‘Thumbai’ is distributed throughout

India from the Himalayas down to Ceylon. The plant is used traditionally as an antipyretic
and insecticide. Medicinally, it has been proven to possess various pharmacological
activities like antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antinociceptive and cytotoxic
activity. Further, studies reveal the presence of various phytochemical constituents
mainly triterpenoids, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and b-sitosterol, nicotine, sterols,
glucoside, diterpenes, phenolic compounds(4-(24-hydroxy-1-oxo-5-n-
propyltetracosanyl)-phenol). These studies reveal that L. aspera is a source of medicinally
active compounds and have various pharmacological effects; hence, this drug encourage
finding its new therapeutic uses (M.S Prajapati, K. Modi, J B Patel)2010
Tagetes (Compositae) is a genus of herbs, commonly known as marigold,

native of Mexico and other warmer parts of America and naturalized elsewhere in the
tropics and sub-tropics (Anonymous, 1976). In India, these were introduced by the
Portuguese. Several species are grown in gardens for ornamental purpose. The name
marigold is however indiscriminately applied to several genera of Compositae with
golden or yellow capitula and there are about 33 species of the genus Tagetes, out of
which, five species have been introduced into the Indian gardens viz. Tagetes erecta L.
(Aztec or African Marigold), Tagetes minuta L. (Tagetes glandulifera Schrank), Tagetes
patula L. (French Marigold), Tagetes lucida Cav. (Sweet-Scented Marigold), Tagetes
tenuifolia Cav. (Striped Marigold) (Rydberg, 1915). The Marigolds spread quickly
because of the ease in cultivation, longer blooming period and beautiful flowers with
excellent shelf life. They are extensively used for making garlands, religious offerings
and exhibitions and major work on their improvement has been done in the USA,
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Switzerland, France and West Germany (Raghava, 1998; Janakiram and Rao, 1996). The
genus is held in great esteem in the indigenous systems of medicine, (Pankaj Gupta and
Neeru Vasudev)
One of the way to protect ourselves from such diseases is protection from
mosquitoes. The present mosquito repellent is slow acting and contain chemicals which
are hazardous to health are declared as toxic. So, preparation of herbal mosquito repellent
card would be an eco-friendly protect ourselves from mosquitoes (Aishwarya Joglekar,
Tanvi joshi)2016
1.1 Objectives
 To develop fast card especially to prevent from harmful mosquito bites

 To prepare card using banana stem
 To collect Lecucas Aspera [Thumbai] and Tagetes erecta L [Marigold]
 To develop mosquito repellent card using extract of Leucas Aspera leaves and Tagetes
erecta
 To evaluate the result by usage of the people suffer from mosquito bites

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CHAPTER-1

Textile history has many facts it can involve archaeology, in as much as

Technical textile is defined as textile materials and products manufactured

Technical textile is used in different forms in various industries like

Protective textile is among one such smart application of smart technology

Leucas aspera (willd.) Linn. (Family: Lamiaceae) commonly known as

Leucas aspera commonly known as ‘Thumbai’ is distributed throughout

Tagetes (Compositae) is a genus of herbs, commonly known as marigold,

 To develop fast card especially to prevent from harmful mosquito bites

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