D4 CRS Earthlings

Final Design Development Report
April 2024
TEAM EARTHLINGS
DIVISION COMMUNITY RESILIENCE SHELTER
School Of Planning And Architecture, New Delhi

TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................0
RESPONSE TO REVIEWER’S COMMENTS...................................................................0
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................0
GOALS AND STRATEGIES.................................................................................................1
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN................................................................................................1
RESILIENCE............................................................................................................................1
INNOVATION..........................................................................................................................2
HVAC........................................................................................................................................2
EMBODIED CARBON ......................................................................................................2
ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS...............................................................................3
WATER PERFORMANCE .................................................................................................3
ENERGY PERFORMANCE................................................................................................3
HEALTH AND WELLBEING...............................................................................................4
AFFORDABILITY..................................................................................................................4
VALUE PROPOSITION.......................................................................................................4
APPENDIX.............................................................................................................................4
ANNEXURE ...........................................................................................................................64
Final Design Report Solar Decathlon India

LIST OF TABLES
Table-1 Occupancy load during emergency

16
Table-2 Wall emissions

27
Table-3 external wall emissions
27
Table-4 partition wall emissions
27
Table-5 floor emissions
27
Table-6 floor emissions design case
27
Table-7 structural emissions base case
28
Table-8 structural emissions proposed case
28
Table-9 fenestration emissions base case
28
Table-10 fenestration emissions proposed case
28
Table-11 roof emissions base case
29
Table-12 roof emissions proposed case
29
Table-13 summary of emissions base case
29
Table-14 summary of emissions proposed case
29
Table 15 : Effective catchment area
32
Table 16 : municipal water supply
32
Table 17 : average daily consumption
32
Table 18 : water balance Non disaster scenario
32
Table 19 : water balance disaster scenario
33
Table 20 : Landscaping water demand
33
Table-21 List of fixtures
34
Table 22 : Secondary and tertiary water treatment systems
35
Table-23 Annual Solar Radiation

39
Table-24 PV Module Specification

39
Table-25 Ventilation Rate

44
Table-26 Costing
45
Table-27 Area Programme

48
Table-28 Energy Consumption for each space
59
Table 29 - Harvested rain water
56
59
Table-31 Input Parameters
60
Table-32 Output Parameters
61

LIST OF FIGURES
fig. 1 site analysis 6
fig. 2 psychometric chart 7
fig. 3 temperature range 7
fig. 4 Site analysis 7
fig 5: Earthquake prone zones Chart 7
fig 6 :Lanslide prone zones Chart 9
fig. 7: Site context- macro 9
fig. 8: Site context- micro 9
fig. 9: Community center vision 9
fig.10: site plan 12
fig.11: form development 12
fig.12: perspective section 13
fig.13: section through wellness center 13
fig.14: passive strategy A 14
fig.15: passive strategy B 14
fig.16: Evacuation Plan 16
fig.17: Foldable wall in plan 18
fig.18: Foldable wall 18
fig.19: Gabion retaining wall

18
fig.20: RCC cantilever retaining wall

18
fig.21: Slope protection

18
fig.22 zoning and circulation 19
fig.23 zoning and circulation (in case of disaster) 19
fig.24 Landscape perspective section

20
fig 25: Paper Honeycomb Core

21
Fig 26: Detail of movable panel partition wall 21
Fig 27: Working of foldable wall 21
fig 28: Strong wind resistant louver detail

22
fig 29: Bamboo charcoal filter blanket system 22
fig.30 multi-use furniture A 23
fig.31 multi-use furniture B 23
fig.32 HVAC system in section 24
fig.33: Heating load and cooling load

24
fig.34: HVAC system

25
fig.35 heating load and cooling load

26
fig.36: DOAS system 26
fig.37: Low speed fans 26
fig.38: Emissions from wall 27
fig.39: Emissions from floor

27
fig.40: Emissions from structure 28
fig.41: Emissions from fenestration

28
fig.42 Emissions from roof

29
fig.43 summary of emissions

29
fig.44 construction detail 1

30

30

LIST OF FIGURES
fig.46 construction detail 3 30
fig.52 honeycomb wall 31
fig.54 unused greywater 32
fig.55 waterdemand and storage 32
fig.56 harvested rainwater 32
fig.57 Metering process 33
fig.58 SMART FIXTURE graph 34
fig.59 Bamboo charcoal filter blanket 34
fig.60: Chaukas 35
fig.61:WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM 36
fig.63 EPI graph A 36
fig.64 EPI graph B 37
fig.65 Radiant Floor Heating 38
fig.66 BIPV panel on SE facade 39
fig.67 BIPV panel on S facade 39
fig.68 Psychrometric Chart 40
fig.69 Comfort Chart 40
fig.70 Annual Temperature Graph 40
fig.71 Solar Chimneys 40
fig.72 Composting Toilets 41
fig.73 Constructed Wetlands 41
fig.74 Vermi-composting 41
fig.75 Biogas plant 41
fig.76 Daylight Simulations 42
fig.77 Annual simulations graphs 42
fig.78 Illuminance 43
fig.79 Atrium BIPV panels 43
fig.80 Radiation mapping 43
fig.81 Airflow Diagram 44
fig.82 Ventilation gap 44
fig.83 Low speed fans 44
fig.84 Annual ventilation graph 44
fig.85 base case/proposed case 45
fig.86 EPI reduction measures taken 46

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Team Earthlings is led by the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi. It includes twelve
contestants from the diverging streams of Architecture and Building Engineering and Management.
We have come together to join the upcoming revolution of sustainable architecture and to transform
the living spaces of our wellness and rejuvenation centre into a community resilience shelter in the
times of disaster.
With the support of Ar. Kailash Pradhan, our project partner and other industrial partners, we have
aimed on designing a centre for wellness and rejuvenation in the state of Sikkim. After detailed study
of the contoured site, we came up with various design iterations and chose the one with maximum
potential towards achieving a sustainable design of the building. The site has a South East facing
slope and experiences heavy rain during monsoon season. Keeping in mind the building orientation,
window to wall ratio and various active and passive strategies we have managed to reduce our
energy consumption of the building. Both mechanical and natural ventilation methods have been
incorporated in the design.
Our design goal is set to create a resilient structure with efficient thermal comfort and a safe
environment for the visitors of the wellness centre as well as for the community people using it as a
resilience shelter space. The building area program is split into two parts, one for the spaces
incorporating the wellness centre activities like the yoga hall, therapy rooms, etc and the other part
focuses completely on creating residential spaces for the people visiting the centre. Both types of
spaces have folding furniture to convert these spaces to a community resilience shelter in the times
of disaster.
The energy consumption of the building has been reduced from 143 kWh/sqm to 48 kWh/sqm by
renewable integration into the building. Solar building integrated photovoltaic panels are installed on
the roofs and facades for solar power generation. Rainwater harvesting has also been incorporated.
The embodied carbon emissions of the building has been reduced significantly.
Final Design Report Solar Decathlon India 01

RESPONSE TO REVIEWERS COMMENTS
REVIEWER 1

RESPONSE TO REVIEWERS COMMENTS
REVIEWER 2

INTRODUCTION
TEAM NAME
Earthlings
INSTITUTION
School of planning and architecture, New Delhi
DIVISION
Community resilience shelter
TEAM MEMBERS
B.Arch, 3rd Year

B.Arch, 3rd Year
B.Arch, 3rd Year
Energy Simulation and Innovation Water Performance and

Analysis Engineering operations
B.Arch, 3rd Year

Mech Engg., 3rd Year
B.Arch, 3rd Year

Embodied Carbon Building services and
Team Lead , Design , management

Energy Simulation and
Analysis
B.Arch, 3rd Year

B.Arch, 3rd Year
B.Arch, 3rd Year
Design and Graphics Cost Analysis and Health and Wellbeing

Engineering operations
B.Arch, 3rd Year

B.Arch, 3rd Year
Civil Engg., 4th Year
Resilience design Graphics and animation Engineering and Operations
Approach :
To be able to construct a net-zero energy, water, and waste building, we have a team of individuals with a
variety of abilities. The team consists of 10 architecture students and 2 engineering students. We want to create
a design that is balanced, with each person performing a part according to their unique proficiencies. To
produce a design that reflects each team member's
views, it is crucial that every team member be completely free to express themselves and
communicate with one another during the design process

Our design strategy is built on passive technologies that are influenced by vernacular practises and climate
sensitive techniques that respect native bye laws, building codes, and cultural and historical context. We want
to concentrate on energy generation and materials with low energy consumption while utilising cutting-edge
passive technology, all of which will contribute to the construction of a sustainable building.

INTRODUCTION
Background of lead institution :

Spa Delhi is a deemed university focuses on education and research in the field of planning and architecture.
Human habitat and the environment are the institute's primary concern thus providing education at many levels
in numerous facets of the human environment. The institute's primary degree programmes are in architecture
and planning for undergraduates, as well as postgraduate, doctoral, and executive education programmes.
Faculty Lead and Faculty Advisors :
Dr Shweta Manchanda
She is an architecture faculty at the SPA, New Delhi, specialized in
Urban Design and Sustainability. She did her B. Arch from the SPA
New Delhi, and her M. Phil and PhD. from the University of
Cambridge.
Ar. Ashwini Kumar Dutta

Visiting faculty, SPA, New Delhi.
B.Arch. in CEPT, Ahmedabad.
Masters in Architectural Design, University of Arizona
Dr. Deepti Gupta

Visiting faculty, SPA, New Delhi
B.Arch. from SPA, New Delhi
B.Eng. from SPA, New Delhi
B.Eng. (Membranes), Hochschule Anhalt, Germany
Ar Rajesh Luthra
Master of science in architecture and urban design , columbia

university , new york city
Harbir Singh Chopra

M.Arch (landscape architecture) , SPA New Delhi
F inal Design Report Solar Decathlon India 05

INTRODUCTION
Project Partner Industry Partner

Ar Kailash Pradhan
Ar. Shilpi Dua
Gangtok,Sikkim Firm - Hexpressions
Mr.Kailash Pradhan is a Senior Industrial Designer I Architect
Architect who has years of I Product Service Designer
experience in problem B.Arch - Ayojan School of
solving through Architecture Architecture
in the Himalayan region. M.Arch - SPA, New Delhi
PROJECT NAME
C enter for Rejuvenation and wellness
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The project is envisaged as a rejuvenation and Wellness Center with a discernable Tibetan hue. In case of any
disaster such as earthquakes, it can be function as a community shelter.
The site is spread over 10 acres of undulating topography. It incorporates rejuvenation facilities that are to be
served by a hospitality component and assorted facilities. Majority of spaces are structurally safe and easily
accessible as a response to extreme weather events. The project intends to be a landmark for the
Pancheykhani village with its proximity to Gangtok city and Pakyong airport.
Site and Context

The site is situated along the sloping edge of
Panchaykani Mountain.
The valley to the west gives beautiful views and the

valley to the Rangpochu river to the south, which
brings in refreshing cool winds.
It is conveniently close to the Sikkim-West Bengal

border, approximately 10 kilometers away.
The nearest airport is Pakyong Airport, located at a

distance of 17.5 kilometers.
fig. 1 site analysis
Occupancy
150 People ( Age group - 30+) target users
Female
Male
i i or from around the country , utilizing
Vst s
47% 53%
the wellness center
Residents of Pancheykhani village and
surrounding areas incase of disaster
-
20 40 -
40 60 -
60 80 80+
Students and employees around the site
SEX RATIO AGE G ROUP for workshops and campaigns
DEMOGRAPHICS OF THE VILLAGE

INTRODUCTION
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
Trendover last 5 years Census House Numbers (L/NL/O) Reasons
Households showing decline in Rorathang – 29 Head of the family died in road accident.
well being Rorathang - 32 Spent all money on alcohol.
Households showing Dikling Pacheykhani - 52 Successfully running a shop.

improvement in well being Dikling - 45 Superintending Engineer in the Govt. of Sikkim.
Climate Data
Vegetation
Climate Zone : Cold ( ECBC)
Trees
Altitude : 1,018 m Stream flow
Annual Rainfall : 2739 mm

Buildable areas
Dry Bulb: 23.00 °C
Rel Humidity: 40.00% Abs

Humidity: 7.09431 g/kg
Vap Pressure: 1.14319 kPa Air
Slope Analysis
20%-30% slope
30%-50% slope
50%-100% slope
Psychrometric Chart 100%-150% slope

fig. 2 psychometric chart
Volume: 0.84819 m3/kg
Enthalpy: 41.18435 kJ/kg
>150% slope
Dew Point: 8.94 °C
Wet Bulb: 14.78 °C
Temperature Range :
Annual mean = 1.5 m/s
Annual max = 1.8 m/s
Annual min = 1 m/s

Roads connecting
to the site
fig. 4 Site analysis

fig. 3 temperature range
Design Process
Introduction to the Trying different massing Running simulations on the Deliverable 4 achieved
project brief, site and iterations during the design design proposed using using the design
context. development stage. design builder and rhino. developed.
Tools Used
INTRODUCTION
COMMUNITY
The People of India, Sikkim, enumerated altogether three ethnicities and further divided into twenty-five tribes
and communities in Sikkim. Sikkimese are group of three ethnicities - Indian Gorkhas (Nepali Indians), Bhutias
and Lepcha.
Bhutia Community
The Bhutia are a community of Sikkimese people living in the state

of Sikkim in northeastern India.
In 2001, the Bhutia numbered around 60,300. Bhutia here refers to people
of Tibetic ancestry
The language spoken by the Bhutias in Sikkim is Sikkimese, which is 75%
mutually intelligible with Tibetan and Dzongkha, the language of Bhutan.
Most Bhutias practice the Nyingma school, followed by the Kagya school
of Tibetan Buddhism.
Indian Gorkhas (Nepali Indians)
Indian Gorkhas, also known as Nepali Indians, are an ethno-cultural group

native to India, who speak Nepali as a common language. They inhabit
mainly the states of Sikkim, West Bengal, Northeast and Uttarakhand,
including their diaspora elsewhere in India and abroad.
The modern term "Indian Gorkha" is used to differentiate the Nepali
language Speaking Indians from Nepalis (citizens of Nepal)
Indian Gorkhas are citizens of India as per the gazette notification of the
Government of India on the issue of citizenship of the Gorkhas from India.
Lepcha Community
The Lepcha community is an indigenous ethnic group primarily residing in

the Indian state of Sikkim, particularly in the northern and western parts of
the region.
They are also found in certain areas of West Bengal, Nepal, and Bhutan. The
Lepchas have a rich cultural heritage with unique traditions, language, and
customs that distinguish them from other ethnic groups in the region
The Lepcha language, known as "Rong," belongs to the Tibeto-Burman
language family. It has its own script, which is one of the few indigenous
scripts of the Himalayan region.
SCHOOLS
BUS STOP
Government Secondary School - 0.9 KM

POLICE STATIONS
Ranipool Bus Stop - 11.1 KM
Pacheykhani Govt. School - 0.9 KM

Pakyong Police Station - 4.6 KM
STN Bus Stop - 15.3 KM
Vidya Bharati School - 1.3 KM

Rhenock Police Station - 6.1 KM
Lal Bazar Bus Stop - 15.3 KM
Govt. Secondary School - 1.8 KM
COLLEGES
ATMs
National Institute of Electronics & HOSPITALS

Axis Bank ATM - 4.5 KM
Information Technology - 1.3 KM

Primary Health Centre - 4.2 KM
State Bank Of India ATM - 4.6 KM
Media House Mamring - 3.1 KM

Rhenock Hospital - 6.2 KM
Central Bank of India ATM - 5.8 KM
Carmel Teachers Training Institute - 4.4 KM

Axis Bank ATM - 6.2 KM
Palatine College - 4.6 KM

F inal Design Report Solar Decathlon India 08

INTRODUCTION
DISASTERS IN SIKKIM
The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) is particularly vulnerable
to landslides, floods, and earthquakes due to its unique
geoenvironmental factors. Climate change and increasing
urbanization have a significant negative influence on IHR .
FOREST FIRES FLASH FLOODS Urbanization exacerbates the effects of natural disasters
and puts the ecosystem under more stress. Cities are often
more vulnerable to disasters on a physical and
socioeconomic level due to a lack of institutional,
financial, and human resources as well as limited access
EARTHQUAKES LANDSLIDES to relevant scientific data.
The location of the site is 18,000 meters above mean sea level. Pacheykani is especially
vulnerable to earthquakes since it is situated in the high-risk Seismic Zones IV and V. Apart
from the seismic activity, prolonged precipitation results in landslides and flash floods,
impeding roads and preventing entry to the city.
DISASTER PRONE ZONES AROUND THE SITE

High risk High risk
Medium High risk Medium Risk

Medium Risk Rest
Rest
fig 5: Earthquake prone zones Chart fig 6 :Lanslide prone zones Chart
Source-Journal of the National Institute of Disaster Management, Delhi
Nearby villages such as Rumtek (18 km) , Ranka (15 km) , Martam (8 km) , Sang (10 km) , Sirwani (7 km) are
highly prone to disasters. The residents of these areas endure loss of lives, injuries, property damage,
displacement, health risks, and psychological trauma. They need immediate assistance including rescue,
medical care, food, and shelter. Long-term support for rehabilitation, reconstruction, risk reduction measures,
and psychosocial support is crucial for their recovery and resilience.
fig. 7: Site context- macro fig. 8: Site context- micro

IN TR
ODU CT ION
PROJECT VISION
Offer a safe haven for people during Provide healthcare to isolated villages
landslide events around the site
Serve as evacuation centers, allowing Use traditional methods for wellness
residents to quickly move to safer of both residents and tourists
location Provide training to professionals and
Provide temporary accommodation

villagers
TRADITIONAL
EVACUATION
PRACTICES
SHELTER EDUCATION
COMMUNITY HEALTHCARE AND

SAFETY SUPPORT
RESILIENCE WELLBEING
TOURISM AND
TRAINING
EMPLOYMENT AWARENESS
fig. 9: Community center vision
A wellness center creates many R isk awareness campaigns and
opportunities for trade and workshops for neighboring schools
employment for pancheykhani and and visitors
neighboring sites F irst Aid and E

mergency Response
New communities interact to form a T raining for employees

63 and
community centre , also bringing in Pancheykhani residents.
tourism for cultural exchange.
Our project is a Centre for rejuvenation and wellness encompassing these three main
objectives
As a dual functioning complex it is a valuable resource to the community in both disaster
and non disaster times, acting as a landmark for nearby villages
Boosting tourism and cultural exchange to drive awareness about Sikkimese culture

10
GO ALS AN D S T ATE IE
R G S
ENERGY PERFORMANCE
Strategies
To reach our target EPI of 44 KWh/year per m2, we will Use of high rated materials and
maximise renewable energy output and use passive design
techniques to reduce power use. Creating a structure with a equipment to reach our
lower environmental effect by using fewer resources and a targeted EPI.
positive environmental impact by producing its own energy
INNOVATION

Strategies
With the goal of developing a Net Zero Ecosystem, we will Creating efficient rain water
construct a self-sustaining system for exchanging surplus harvesting systems on site to
onsite generated energy and recycled water in order to attain cater the water shortage in the
Net Zero beyond building level as well.. To achieve this we surrounding areas.
also aim to optimise the residential and wellness premises.
WATER PERFORMANCE Strategies
onsite generated energy and recycled water in order to attain cater the water shortage in
Net Zero beyond building level as well.. To achieve this we the surrounding areas.
SCALIBILITY AND MARKET POTENTIAL
Any type of innovations and strategies that would be Strategies
incorporated into the design should be analysed for a market The building construction
potential as well as construction ease. Each innovation must techniques and materials used
take into account the possibility of large scale replication. are cost effective.
HEALTH AND WELL BEING

Strategies
Spaces should be planned to use a variety of techniques to The type of materials and
provide optimal comfort at all times of the year. The various
builds should have an appropriate supply of fresh air, and the spaces provided create a
required level of indoor air quality should be maintained. rejuvenating atmosphere.
ARCHITECT RAL DESIGN

U
Distances and oning for the comfort of the user group age
z ( Strategies
group more than . ur goal is to create areas and an

30) O Universal accessibility taken
environment that encourages good health and wellness, into account during the oning
z
physically as well as mentally. . paces that are both

S of spaces. olf cart access
G
universally accessible and exible for users age group

fl ( 30+) provided everywhere.
ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS

Strategies
onsite generated energy and recycled water in order to attain cater the water shortage in the
Net Zero beyond building level as well.. To achieve this we surrounding areas.
COMM NITY SHELTER

U Strategies
Considering the site s seismic vulnerability, it is important to

'
D esigning community spaces
build a exible and secure structure that can serve as a
fl
within the centre for providing
disaster shelter for affected people during an emergency. shelter during the times of
earthquakes or landslides.
F inal esign eport

D R Solar Decathlon India
11
DESIGN DOCUMENTATION
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Our design's primary goal was to give the community resilient shelter's occupants both thermal and visual
comfort during a calamity. We started our design process by positioning the building to take into account the
solar path. The building is spatially divided into two blocks the wellness and the residential which is internally
connected .The building is universally accessible.
To properly light the interiors maximum openings are provided on the south east facade . Staggering is
done to create terraces and to minimize cutting and filling increasing stability and minimizing cost
1
4
7 SITE PLAN
fig.10: site plan

1- drop off
2- parking
3- wellness block
2 4- residential block
5- amphitheatre
6- atrium
7- drop- off 2
FORM DEVELOPMENT
fig.11: form development
building divided in two blocks- wellness and

1 residential and orienting the building 2 creating a stepped plaza/ amphitheatre 3 scooping out a volume for a central atrium in
the wellness block to have light and
following the contours ventilation into the interiors
3 staggering to create landscape terraces and

minimizing cutting and filling
4 vertical circulation

DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS
ATRIUM- the atrium placed centrally in the wellness block is a double height space
acts as a connection for the various wellness floors and residential area
of the wellness center. It is an important source of solar heating within the building.
STEPPED PLAZA - The purpose of the stepped plaza was to provide residents
with a calm leisure area also acting as a transition between the two blocks
PLAZA / AMPHITHEATRE
ATRIUM
Perspective section through building

fig.12: perspective section
ROOM INTERIOR
fig.13: section through wellness center

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES

BIPV integration
Roof integrated solar panels are a common form of
BIPV. These panels are installed directly onto the roof of
a building and can provide electricity to power the
building.
Hempcrete
fig.14: passive strategy A
Hempcrete is made from hemp shives, which are small pieces of wood taken from the plant’s stalk. The shives
are mixed with either lime or mud cement for a durable, environmentally friendly building material. Just like
concrete, hempcrete can be cast in place or pre-fabricated
• Provides high resistivity, thereby a lower U-Value suitable for construction in compliance to ECBC guidelines.
• The air pockets created among the particles in hempcrete, make it both earthquake resistant and an efficient
thermal insulator
south skylight
air outlet
Skylight and atrium
The Skylight and Atrium serves as a primary source of solar heating in the
building during winter months and reduces heating loads in the building .
passive strategies such as roof insulation and shading devices are also
incorporated into the building
fig.15: passive strategy B
BIPV INTEGRATION
ATRIUM AND SKYLIGHT ROOF INSULATION

RESILIENCE
HAZARDS AND RISK PROFILE OF PANCHEYKHANI , SIKKIM :
CLIMATE CHANGE
temperature and rainfall WATER resources
Long-term data from multiple sources Rapid melting of certain glaciers,
indicate that both temperatures and the area of high altitude lakes in
rainfall have increased Sikkim has increased significantly
Between 1982 and 2006, over the last 50 years
temperaturesn increased by 1.5°C Can cause lake outburst floods,
(about three times the global average), water shortages in winters and dry
and annual precipitation increased by season.
163 mm.
NATURAL DISASTERS
FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES EARTHQUAKES
Landslides can be caused due to Very vulnerable to Earthquakes
floods , rainfall , human excavation of considering that it falls under the
slopes, erosion etc Seismic Zone IV/V in India
Human and animal lives , infrastructure Frequent earthquakes cause
and agricultural land are destroyed. infrastructure damage in villages.
POTENTIAL RISKS TO SERVICES

WASTE MANAGEMENT ELECTRICITY AND WATER SOURCES
Presently , garbage is disposed No perennial water sources
by incineration and into jhoras available near the village,
(any stream, rivulet or spring construction of the airport has
No proper waste management caused water shortages
has been set up in the village, this flash floods in Sikkim cause
will pose a challenge incase of damage to power generation
any disaster plants , resulting in power cuts.
Key aspects in design decisions:
Medical aid and health care Usage of hempcrete

With the functioning of the building as a lightweight construction of external walls ,
wellness centre , employees with medical to reduce mass of building
experience shall be present as well as

facilities like OPD.
Electricity supply in case of disaster

Site selection
Positioning of blocks in slope areas which
Providing adequate supply when the
are not prone to flooding and have natural
connection has been effected due to
drainage
damage of infrastructure
Food storage and cooking Earthquake resistant structure

bamboo has excellent tensile strength and
Storage rooms provided and cafeteria and
is known for earthquake resistant structures
large cooking spaces to feed occupants
in Sikkim.

OCCUPANCY DURING DISASTER
Providing a single bed for each person i.e
2m2 of area, as we r proposing a bunk
bed system, the occupancy is doubled
Maximum of 450 people can be sheltered
during a disaster. we have utilised this no.
to calculate water and energy needs
FOOD STORAGE AND DINING
MEDICAL FACILITIES
SHELTER ROOMS AND
HALLS
ADAPTIVE USE OF SPACES
fig.14 adaptive use
General usage
In time of disaster
Rearrangement of furniture to allow for temporary
shelter.
Adaptive use of physiotherapy rooms and massage
rooms as isolation rooms and treatment areas
Table 1 occupancy load during emergency
-
UNIVERSAL DESIGN
Provision of ramps and lifts in each block to allow for easy accessibility of all age group
in case of a medical emergency , the building is equipped with wheelchair accessible toilets and lifts.
EVACUATION PLAN fig.16: Evacuation Plan

Provision of adequate staircases for fire egress incase of emergency
Travel distance to be not more than 30m

OCCUPIED AREAS DURING DISASTER

fig.13 zoning and circulation
For emergency medical care
shelter areas , incase of evacuation
Large cooking areas for food

supply
Seperate rooms as shelter for

families
Large halls with bunk beds for

temporary shelter
FOOD STORAGE AND

DINING
MEDICAL FACILITIES
SHELTER ROOMS AND
HALLS
FOLDABLE INTERNAL PARTITION WALLS

Shelter rooms to be equipped with foldable interior walls to maximize space incase of disaster
Honeycomb interior panels can be converted to foldable walls by including hinges between
panels
This allows for normal ug=sage of rooms and also shelter rooms to have more space.
fig.17: Foldable wall in plan fig.18: Foldable wall

LANDSLIDE RESISTANCE
EARTHQUAKERESISTANCE
LANDSLIDE RESISTANCE
Gabion retaining walls for interior roads

BAMBOO STRUCTURE
Perforated PVC drainage pipe
Structure made out of bamboo , has
excellent tensile properties to resist Gabions stacked with wire mesh
earthquakes
Bamboo fiber’s tensile strength is Weep holes
higher than steel, with axial parallel
fibers having a tensile strength of up to Geo textile membrane for water
drainage
400 N/mm2 Drainage channel at base
source- Review On Bamboo as Building Material
PRATHMESH VITTHAL SULANE1, DANISH ALI2
LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION
fig.19: Gabion retaining wall
External walls comprises of Gabion retaining walls are chosen due to their flexibility in case a
hempcrete seismic event, the wire mesh and stone inside have more ductile
It is a low density material and strength than a rcc wall , this is to ensure that there are no road
resistance to cracking under closures or accidents inside the complex
movement make it suitable for use As these are thicker and need more space they are not feasible
in earthquake-prone areas for building foundations or walls
Internal walls comprise of paper Major issue causing landslides is water saturation of subsoil, the
honeycomb core which also has gabions and weep holes allow for maximum water drainage
shock absorbing properties
during heavy rainfall
RCC cantilever retaining wall for buildings
For retaining walls supporting
buildings and foundations ,
reinforced cantilever wall is the most
feasible for earthquake and 75 mm dia weep holes at 900c/c
landslide resistance Hardcore or rubble material to filer
water to weep holes
Geogrid wire mesh and steel
Heel reinforcement as a beam with
reinforcement improves the stability main bars
of the wall, extended heel also helps
in mitigating failure stresses Perforated PVC drainage pipe
Draining weep holes and channels Drainage channel at base
to move water quickly away from

building area.
SLOPE PROTECTION fig.20: RCC cantilever retaining wall
Heavy rainfall causes soil erosion

if the land is not reinforced
Suction effect of water is created
through evaporation and
absorption from roots.
Preventing waterlogging during

rainfall
Usage of permeable
Native vegetation with dense root geotextile allows water to flow
growth are planted to reinforce freely between cells therefore
soil encouraging drainage and
The slip surface is determined vegetation growth, providing
fig.21: Slope protection through soil testing erosion resistance.

CIRCULATION
Spatially , the building is split into wellness and residential with an amphitheater as a transitional area
between the two.
fig.23 zoning and circulation (in case

fig.22 zoning and circulation of disaster)
WELLNESS CENTER SHELTER ROOMS VERTICAL CIRCULATION
HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION
ROOMS MEDICAL FACILITIES HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION
VERTICAL CIRCULATION
STAFF QUARTERS
In times of disaster, when shelters are often inundated with people seeking refuge, it's crucial to
maximize the available space efficiently. One way to achieve this is by incorporating movable walls within
the shelter rooms. These walls can be adjusted or repositioned as needed to create larger areas,
enabling the accommodation of more individuals without compromising their comfort or safety.
Furthermore, within these shelters, specific zones are designated for medical facilities. These areas are
equipped with the necessary resources and personnel to provide medical assistance to those who are
sick or injured during the disaster.
Moreover, the wellness center within the shelter is designed to be inclusive and accessible to everyone,
including individuals with disabilities. This is achieved by incorporating features such as ramps, which
allow those with mobility challenges to navigate the space easily and independently. By ensuring
accessibility, the wellness center can cater to the diverse needs of all individuals seeking support and
assistance during the disaster, promoting inclusivity and equal access to essential services.

MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS
The rich flora of Sikkim has a number of raw drugs described in Ayurvedic texts. There are about 420 plants used
by the tribal people for various diseases in Sikkim Himalayas region, out of which few are in utilized on commercial
basis. Local communities use plants like Rhododendron arboreum for its anti-inflammatory properties, Artemisia
for treating fever, and Picrorhiza kurroa for liver disorders. These plants contribute to traditional healing practices
and biodiversity conservation. These plants are grown on our site to help the community people with its healing
properties. Because they are native they don’t need special care and can grow on there own as per the climate.
They also help in providing shade and help regulate temperature, reducing heat absorption by the wall and
creating a more comfortable environment Some examples of these medicinal plants are-
Abies forrestii C.C Rogers Local name- Bobresall Ayurvedic name- Talisapatra This is
important drug of Ayurveda Pharmacopeias the leaf is sweet in taste and used for
bronchitis, cough, hiccough, vomiting, dyspepsia, anorexia, indigestion etc. it used in
the Vatakapha disorders.
Aconitum ferox wall. Local name-Bikh, Bikhma Ayurvedic name- Vatsnabha , The plant is
commonly found at lower alpine region during July-Aug. in Sikkim. It is used in Ayurveda in
pain condition, fever, Inflammatory conditions ,diabetes, bronchitis and skin disorders.
Aconitum hetrophyllum Local name-Bikh, Paunkar Ayurvedic name- Ativisha There are
about 24 species of aconites in the Himalayan region out of which the best known
species is Aconitum hetrophyllum. It is the best drug for child’s all types of problems like-
Infant diarrhea, cough , cold, fever etc .
4. Dendrobrium nobile Lindl. Local name- sonahkiri Ayurvedic name- Swarna jeevanti This
herb juices is redness of eyes, for increase strength, vigor and vitality and Rasayana.
Hedychium spicatum Ham Ex. Smith Local name- Kapur kacheri Ayurvedic name-Sati This
plant ‘s root is pungent and bitter in taste mostly used in tooth powder. It is used in cough,
Bronchitis, ulcers , inflammation, pain etc. it is also used in the treatment of even planet.
The roots of plants help bind soil,

reducing erosion on steep slopes.
fig.24 Landscape perspective section

INNOVATION
Recycle Paper
PAPER HONEYCOMB CORE PARTITION
Adhesive layer
WALL
Paper honeycomb core has been used for the internal
walls
On both sides of the wall is a 12 mm-thick sheet of
magnesium oxide board
The honeycomb core is 50mm thick made up of
Honeycomb Core recycled paper
Adhesive layer
Recycle Paper
1 Honeycomb interior
Fig 25: Paper Honeycomb Core wall moveable panels
installed in the shelter
rooms can be rotated
Technology Readiness Level
90 and moved
The honeycomb partition wall has applied
research done and practical application has
been found.
Innovation Readiness Level
The honeycomb partition wall has been

integrated in the design for the intended
application. The cost estimates have been
done.
2 wall panels moved for
Costs and benefits
shelter rooms to have
The honeycomb core wall costs around more space
4500rs/sq m. It is more economical than the accommodating more
brick wall and can be used as the movable people during disaster
partition wall as well.
Fig 27: Working of foldable wall
Shelter rooms to be equipped with foldable interior

M8 anchor
walls to maximize space incase of disaster
(concrete screw) This allows for normal usage of rooms and also shelter
rooms to have more space
In the event of a disaster, emergency response
protocols will be responsible for opening the
partition walls between the rooms. This process will
be conducted following established safety
guidelines to ensure the structural integrity of the
building is maintained while facilitating the creation of
R3 rail
a larger space
The partition walls are designed with emergency
release mechanisms that allow for quick and safe
removal. Once the walls are opened, they can be
suspended
secured in place to ensure stability during the
ceiling bottom emergency situation.
Fig 26: Detail of movable panel partition wall

fig 28: Strong wind
STRONG WINDS RESISTING LOUVRES resistant louver
detail
PROBLEM
During times of disaster, the intense winds have the potential to Timber
Moving parts
breach the building's defenses, leading to significant disruption
and damage to the interior. 40mm
Bamboo louvers
13mm dia
206 mm
NON DISASTER USE
During periods when there is no imminent threat of disaster, the bamboo louvers are carefully folded and
positioned at a specific angle. This deliberate arrangement serves a dual purpose: firstly, it facilitates the
influx of natural ventilation, allowing for the circulation of fresh air within the space. Secondly, it permits the
entry of daylight, which not only illuminates the area but also contributes to the occupants' well-being and
comfort. By adjusting the louvers in this manner, the design optimizes the indoor environment, creating a
pleasant and conducive atmosphere for those utilizing the space
DISASTER USE
In times of disaster, these bamboo louvers have the capability to fold neatly alongside each other,
aligning in a straight configuration. This arrangement serves as a robust barricade, effectively
withstanding the force of cyclonic winds as they approach.
Technology Readiness Level

Innovation Readiness Level
applied research done and practical Louvres has been integrated in the design for the
application has been found. intended application. The cost estimates have been done.
BAMBOO CHARCOAL FILTER BLANKET

Bamboo charcoal filter blanket is used to filter the water that is rainwater harvested and stored in tanks for
the use of it during disasters
This helps to store clean water and provide during the time of disasters when there is scarcity of clean
drinking water
This kind of charcoal is readily available here and its effectiveness in filtration is very high.
It is cheaper than an electric water purifier and the charcoal bamboo filter is easy to make because all the
materials are locally available, which in-turn reduces the cost of it.
water from hardscapes
Gravels
coarse sand
bamboo pipe
bamboo charcoal
fine sand
mesh
filtered water
fig 29: Bamboo charcoal filter blanket system

SOFA THAT MORPHS INTO BUNK BED
Location - lobby/ waiting hall
The building will shelter 450 people during disaster and hence 450 beds are required . the waiting areas
provide 15 sofa convertible into a bunk bed which can accommodate 30 people .
1
ll 2
ha
ti ng
ai
/ w
y
bb
lo
er
st
isa
d 3
of
se
ca
in
fig.30 multi-use furniture A
COLLAPSIBLE BEDS
location - library
1 2 3
upright position of the transitionary state of collapsed position

collapsible bed used conversion used as a bed
as a chair
the seating for 84 people in library can be converted to
28 beds during the time of disaster
Technology readiness level
Y
AR for this innovation , applied
BR
LI
research is done and practical application has
been found
fig.31 multi-use furniture B

HVAC SYSTEM
The proposed system for our institutional building combines a ground source heat pump with a Dedicated
Outdoor Air System (DOAS). This integration allows for efficient management of both latent and sensible heat
loads. Instead of relying solely on one system to handle Sikkim's cold and humid climate, two systems operate
concurrently to ensure optimal performance.
B B
A A
fig.32 HVAC system in section
A. Radiant floor panels

B. Low speed fan
The ground source heat pump utilizes the earth and a groundwater reservoir to extract heat during winters and
dissipate heat during summers. This six-pipe heat pump system is responsible for both heating and cooling
operations year-round.
On the other hand, the Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS) delivers purified air to the indoor environment
and alleviates the burden on the conditioning system. By employing energy recovery techniques, such as a
desiccant wheel, the DOAS conditions incoming air by extracting heat or cooling from the outgoing airstream.
Although the wheel monitors temperature and humidity levels and transfers them to the incoming air, the air
itself is not recycled.
After undergoing treatment by
the DOAS, the fresh air
introduced into the building
experiences a significant
reduction in its heating load,
ultimately leading to a
noteworthy 50% decrease in the
overall sensible load borne by
the building's HVAC system.
NO DOAS
Heating Load : 54336.64
Cooling Load : 13003.77

WITH DOAS
Heating Load : 27168.32
Cooling Load : 6501.88

fig.33: Heating load and cooling load

The primary conditioning of the building is done through radiant floor heating, systems are designed to
provide comfortable and efficient heating by radiating heat upward from the floor surface. which is done using
radiant floor panels. these floor panels are a layer of Hempcrete slabs as the flooring so, as to ensure proper
energy transfer.
Return Ducts
Supply Ducts
fig.34: HVAC system
Upon testing the heating load, our base case yielded approximately 2000 kW (around 570 TR), equating to
about 8.8 sq m/TR. In contrast, our proposed case resulted in a heating load of 620 kW (around 176 TR),
averaging 28.7 sq m/TR. To address this load, we suggest employing eight Ground Source Heat Pumps with a
peak load capacity of 111 kW each. These pumps utilize boreholes extending 76m deep and totaling 40 in
number, forming a loop to circulate water for building conditioning. As temperatures remain constant
underground year-round, minimal energy is required for heating or cooling, resulting in efficient operation.
fig.35 heating load and cooling load

After implementing passive strategies, optimizing the building envelope, and incorporating our proposed
HVAC system, we observed a remarkable 68% reduction in heating loads and an impressive 84% reduction in
cooling loads for the building.

Hydronic systems have been used. these systems use hot water pumped through PEX tubing installed under
the floor. The water is heated by a boiler or a water heater.
For the area like physiotherapy rooms and halls the combined heating and cooling system is being used which
is again a water based system, from which temp of the water can be controlled as per maintain a particular level
of thermal comfort.
In addition to them Dedicated Outdoor Air System is also being used, the DOAS takes care of the sensible
heat load. Two systems have been deployed for the buildings, where they work parallelly instead of letting
one system take on the load of Sikkim’s cold and humid climate.
The system has been laid out in a way to provide suitable air pressure, velocity andtemperatures in the spaces.
For the same, the fresh air supply ducts have been placed inthe lower end of the walls and the exhausts have
been placed on the ceiling level to aidin air circulation and maintain thermal comfort.
fig.36: DOAS system
The Wellness center has been divided into two broad zones which require conditioning. These zones have
been further subdivided into smaller zones withsimilar functions, schedules and activities for efficient system
operation.
SLOW SPEED FANS

As climate of Sikkim is more humid indoor spaces can sometimes suffer from stagnant air, which can feel stuffy
and uncomfortable. Low-speed fans can help keep the air moving gently, preventing it from becoming stale
and improving overall air quality.
Low-speed fans have been used for their energy efficiency. They consume less power compared to high-
speed fans, making them a cost-effective choice for long-term operation.
In colder climates, condensation can be a problem,
especially on windows. By gently circulating the air with
low-speed fans, it can help prevent condensation
buildup by maintaining more consistent temperatures
throughout the space.
While low-speed fans may not be primarily used for

cooling in cold climates,
Overall, low-speed fans offer a balance between airflow,
comfort, and energy efficiency, making them suitable for a
wide range of applications.
source - https://www.dolphinservo.in/high-volume-low-speed-fans.htm
fig.37: Low speed fans
Final Design eport R S olar D

ecathlon I ndia
26
EMBODIED CARBON
System type : Wall, System name : Brick wall, Area :
7267sq.m - Basecase
Table-2 wall emissions

fig.38: Emissions from wall
System type : External Wall, System name : System type : Internal Wall, System name : Dry
Bamboo Reinforced Hempcrete , Area : Partition wall , Area : 1979sq.m - Designcase
5288sq.m - Designcase
Table-3 external wall emissions Table-4 partition wall emissions
System type : Floor, System name : Brick wall, Area :

3200.m - Basecase
Design for Recyclable:
This project is designed with the

aim of making materials recyclable
at the end of their life cycle.
Recycled paper is used in the dry
partition wall for making the
honeycomb core.
Table-5 floor emissions
System type : Floor, System name : Bamboo flooring,

Area : 3200.m - Designcase
Table-6 floor emissions design case fig.39: Emissions from floor

System type : Structural, System name : RCC

Columns, Area : 10sq.m - Basecase
System Assembly Substitution:
With due consideration to the issues of

transportation, the project aimed at
minimizing all possible Concrete based
systems. Also, Bamboo acts as a primary
element, helps in reducing the usage of
steel and it is available on-site.
Table-7 structural emissions base case
System type : Structural, System name : Bamboo

Reinforced Concrete Columns, Area : 10sq.m -
Designcase
Table-8 structural emissions proposed case

fig.40: Emissions from structure
System type : Fenestration, System name : Aluminium

glazing, Area : 620sq.m - Basecase
Table-9 fenestration emissions base case

fig.41: Emissions from fenestration
System type : Fenestration, System name : Timber
glazing with bamboo jaali, Area : 620sq.m - Designcase
Material Selection
Choosing materials with low carbon
footprint such as hemp, bamboo
Materials which are available on-site
reducing transportation carbon
emissions such as bamboo, wood
Replacing aluminium with timber for
glazing reduced carbon emissions
by 82%.
Table-10 fenestration emissions proposed case

System type : Roof, System name : RCC Slab , Area :

2624sq.m - Basecase
Table-11 roof emissions basecase

fig.42 Emissions from roof
System type : Roof, System name : Bamboo shingles , Area
: 2624sq.m - Designcase
Table-12 roof emissions proposed case
SUMMARY OF EMMISIONS
fig.43 summary of emissions
Embodied carbon emission of the

Table-13 summary of emissions basecase
proposed case is -330 kg-CO2 e.
This result is achieved by

incorporating few guidelines such as
Table-14 summary of emissions proposed case

ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS

BAMBOO REINFORCED HEMPCRETE 50 THK BAMBOO FIBRE
AND MUD PLASTER
BAMBOO MESH
60 DIA BAMBOO FRAME
150 DIA BAMBOO 60 THK HEMPCRETE
60 DIA BAMBOO
158 DIA M.S. CAPING FRAME
12 THK M.S. PLATE BAMBOO
MESH
TIMBER BLOCK
MODULAR COLUMN- BEAM 50 THK BAMBOO
JUNCTION FIBRE
110 DIA BAMBOO AND MUD PLASTER
BEAM COLUMN JUNCTION

WALL DETAIL
fig.44 construction detail 1 fig.45 construction detail 2
Bamboo combined to form structural column designed with dry-mounted connections so as to not
weaken bamboo through perforation nor filling it in with concrete and also to allow the replacement of
bamboo poles if needed
150 DIA BAMBOO
MODULAR COLUMN- BEAM
JUNCTION 158 DIA M.S. CAPING
110 DIA BAMBOO 12 THK M.S. PLATE
MODULAR COLUMN-
BEAM JUNCTION
TIMBER BLOCK
110 DIA BAMBOO

STEEL STRAP
BEAM JUNCTION EXPLODED OF BEAM COLUMN JUNCTION

Bamboo clustered horizontally utilising its tensile properties with aluminium connections light weight and easy
to assemble for fast modular construction which can be done by local worker
60 THK HEMPCRETE
50 WIDE CAVITY
SKIRTING 2O THK DIA M.S CAPING
HEMPCRETE
100 THK
LATERAL LAYER
12 THK M.S PLATE
110 Φ 5 THK
TIMBER
LONGITUDINAL LAYER
110 Φ 5 THK MODULAR COLUMN- BEAM

JUNCTION
CEMENT PLASTER 8 THK
110 DIA
110 Φ 5 THK BAMBOO BAMBOO
60 Φ 3 THK
BAMBOO MESH + BAMBOO
FIBRE -
MUD PASTER

50 THK fig.49 construction detail 6
Floor and roof slab details

ROOF TILES ROOF TILES 12 THK
BAMBOO RAFTER 60 DIA
WATERPROOF
LAYER
INSULATION LAYER
62.5 MS HANGING CLIPS
BAMBOO MESH
60 DIA
BAMBOO RAFTERS BAMBOO BEAM
HANGING CLAMPS
DROPPED CEILING
DRY WALL PARTITION

Paper Honeycomb Core Recycle Paper
Paper honeycomb core has been used for the Adhesive layer
internal walls
On both sides of the wall is a 12 mm-thick sheet of
magnesium oxide board
The honeycomb core is 50mm thick made up of
recycled pape
The cost of this is 300 Rs per sq ft and the
installation cost goes upto 40 Rs per sq ft.
Honeycomb Core
Adhesive layer
Recycle Paper
fig.53 Paper Honeycomb Core

fig.52 honeycomb wall
Paper honeycomb core walls offer several advantages

Lightweight: Lightweight yet structurally strong, making them ideal portable partitions
High Strength-to-Weight Ratio: Provide excellent strength-to-weight ratios, offering structural integrity while
minimizing material usage
Insulation: The structure creates air pockets within the wall, providing insulation properties that can help
regulate temperature and sound insulation, making them suitable for both interior and exterior walls
Environmental Sustainability: Made from recycled paper or renewable resources and can contribute to
green building certifications
Versatility: Easily customized to fit various design requirements. They are also compatible with different
surface materials, such as laminates, veneers, or coatings, allowing for aesthetic flexibility
Cost-Effective: Cost savings in terms of material costs, transportation, and installation due to their
lightweight nature and ease of handling
Shock Absorption: Provides inherent shock-absorbing properties, making it suitable for applications where
impact resistance is necessary, such as in packaging or furniture.

WATER PERFORMANCE
Municipality supply is 55 ltr per capita per day, which
is actually half the requirement.
So rain water becomes the second main source of
water, for which effective catchment area is shown in
Table A, for rain water harvesting purpose.
Black water recycling is being done for use in flushing
and irrigation purpose. Grey water is being used for
possible rest of the purposes.
Decentralized waste water system were setup for the
efficient management of Grey and black water,
improved septic tank is also been used for this purpose.
Table 15 : Effective catchment area
Effective catchment area
Municipality water
8,250
5,500 (L)
supply (l/day)
(L)
Storage size (l)
20000
2,47,500
Municipal water supply Avg Daily consumption
Table 16 : municipal water supply Table 17 : average daily consumption
8.25Kl water is supplied by the municipality rest

As per daily occupancy of the buildings 10kl is the
average of 22.75Kl water is being harvested and

amount of water required per day.
being reused.
fig.33 water graphs
Unused Grey water Water demand and storage Harvested rainwater
fig.54 unused greywater

fig.56 harvested rainwater
fig.55 waterdemand and storage
WATER BALANCE
8 : water balance Non disaster scenario

Table 1
9 : monthwise filtered grey water
Table 1
Table 20 : water balance disaster scenario
NATIVE VEGETATION FOR LANDSCAPING
Landscaping is done using the local native vegetation which do not need that much care and due to
heavy rainfall almost throughout the year irrigation needs are very less and is only needed in the months
of low rainfall i.e. nov to feb
Table 21 : Landscaping water demand
SMART METERING
Smart meters are connected through a web-based monitoring system which will
help to reduce commercial losses of utilities, enhance revenues and serve as an
important tool in power sector reforms
Save money with smart meters.
g.30
fi mart water meter
S
The data
Any leaks
The meter The meter
can be
Water and
can be
register transmits
viewed by
money
identified
water use. the data. council
saved!
quickly and
and you. repaired.
fig.57 Metering process
SMART FIXTURES
Large quantities of water are saved by the use of plumbing fixtures that are designed to operate with less
water
Water-saving plumbing fixtures are required in many areas by building and plumbing codes
There are several general approaches to the design of water-savingfixtures: low flow,dual-flush, waterless,
and automatic sensor-type.
F inal Design R eport Solar Decathlon India 33

Table-22 List of fixtures

fig.58 SMART FIXTURE graph
BAMBOO CHARCOAL FILTER BLANKET
This kind of charcoal is readily available here and its effectiveness in filtration is very high. The water first
passes through rocks and coarse sand to filter out any big particles, and then travels through bamboo
charcoal which retains impurities. The water then flows through further filtration by that are fine sand and
Polyvinyl chloride mesh and this filtered water is passed out and sent to storage. Through bamboo charcoal
which retains impurities.
It is cheaper than an electric water purifier and the charcoal bamboo filter is easy to make because all the
materials are locally available, which in-turn reduces the cost of it.
water from hardscapes
Gravels
coarse sand
bamboo pipe
bamboo charcoal
fine sand
mesh
filtered water
fig.59 Bamboo charcoal filter blanket

CHAUKAS
"Chaukas" is a type of water management technique or structure,

particularly in traditional South Asian agriculture, where water is scarce
or irregularly available
They involve creating small channels or furrows in the soil. These furrows
are typically arranged in a square or grid pattern, hence the name
"Chaukas" which translates to "square" or "four-cornered" in Hindi
By directing water precisely to where it is needed, this technique helps
maximize the efficiency of irrigation, minimize water wastage.
Additionally, Chaukas can also help in reducing soil erosion by
controlling the flow of water across fields.
fig.60: Chaukas
ON-SITE WATER TREATMENT
For on-site wastewater treatment, we used DEWAT Systems as a cost effective ,natural and sustainable
treatment system for wastewater.
DEWATS is a technical approach to decentralized wastewater treatment, this system uses physical and
biological treatment mechanisms such as sedimentation, floatation, aerobic and anaerobic treatment to treat
domestic water sources. And is designed to be affordable, minimum maintenance, uses local materials, and
meet environmental laws and regulations
Considering the treatment efficiency, we used different treatment plants for grey water treatment and black
water treatment so that the treated grey water can be used in heating and cleaning after disinfection by UV
treatment, whereas the treated black water can be used for flushing.
Table 23 : Secondary and tertiary water treatment systems

RAINWATER
ROOFTOP
HARDSCAPE
WATER
HEATING/ CLEANING FLUSHING
13.5KLD COOLING
55KLD 3KLD 0.9KLD 5KLD
BAMBOO
CHARCOAL FILTER
BLANKET
FILTRATION
SOIL
BIOTECHNOLOGY
BLACK WATER
STORAGE
MUNICIPALITY 9KLD
SUPPLY DOMESTIC
WATER 13.5KLD
STORAGE STORM WATER
STORAGE
5.5KLD 35KLD GREY WATER
20KLD STORAGE
27KLD DEWAT
SYSTEM
DRINKING COOKING
0.5KLD WASHING & 4KLD 0.5KLD LD - LITERS PER DAY

BATHING
WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
fig.61:WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM
1.RAIN WATER TANK
2.RAIN WATER FILTER
3.WATER EXCHANGE TANK
4.FRESH WATER STORAGE TANK
3 5.BAMBOO CHARCOAL FILTER BLANKET
6.SOIL BIOTECH. SYSTEM
7.TREATED GREYWATER TANK
8.BLACKWATER TANK
9.DEWAT SYTEM
10.DRAINED WATER
2 1
4
6
8
7
9 10
fig.62: WATER TANKS PLACEMENT DIAGRAM

ENERGY PERFORMANCE
Base case EPI= 143 KWh/m2/yr
Improved case EPI= 48 KWh/m2/yr 16.60%
EPI (KWh/m2/yr)
35.90%
53.50%
Energy Use- 12,700 KWh/ month 73.20%
Envelope optimization was done by
optimizing the glazing ,wall, and roof
envelope. Multiple envelopes were simulated
using design builder and envelopes having
suitable U-Values as per Super ECBC
Standards as well as locally available materials
were chosen to reduce heat loss by up to
73.2%. fig.63 EPI graph A
Passive Building Equipment Lighting load HVAC EPI Reduction R enewable

Strategy envelope load reduction reduction rightsizing Energy
integration optimisation Integration
LED Downlight
Phillips
Ultra Glow 3in1 round 10w
700+ Lumens
Rs. 679
High Speed Brown Ceiling Fan
Crompton
60w
900 mm sweep size
R s. 2507
Ventilus Plastic Exhaust Fan
Crompton
35w
250mm sweep size
Rs. 1775
fig.64 EPI graph B
Opus Urinal
Hindware
305 mm x 380 mm x 650 mm

Factors that affects the Energy performance
Rs. 9670
Insulation Propertie
Window Glazin
Roofing Material
VIVE Rimless Wall Hung
Building Envelop
Kohler
Air Sealin
557 mm x 365 mm x 350 mm
Renewable Material
Rs. 1 ,760
4 Durability and Maintenance

37
ENVELOPE SPECIFICATION
WALL ASSEMBLY OPTIMISATION
BUILDING SYSTEMS
Radiant Floor Heating is incorporated in the centre.
Radiant Heated floors
fig.65 Radiant Floor Heating

MEASURES TAKEN
EPI reduced by 65%. Window glazing optimisation.
Efficient lighting. High performance building

envelope.
Efficient equipment. Renewable energy generation.

SOLAR ENERGY
SOLAR PANELS USED ON ROOF
Panel size = 2m x 1m = 2sqm
Solar panel efficiency = 18%
Available roof area = 421 sqm
No of panels = 211
System capacity = Number of panels x Panel

wattage = 211 panels x 580W per panel = 122 kW
Annual generation = System capacity x Average
sun hours x 365 days
= 122000 W x 5 hours x 365 days

Table-24 Annual Solar Radiation
= 222,650 kWh per year
The annual generation of energy is more than required,
thus helping us achieve NET ZERO BUILDING.
PV module specification
Table-25 PV Module Specification

BIPV PANEL USED ON FACADE
Polysolar's PS-CT panel
Colourless/grey/black pixelated appearance
Available in range a transparencies, opaque to 80% transmission
Standard panel dimension 1200mm x 600mm x 7.1mm
Efficiency from 12% or 118Wp/m².
Length : 1200 mm +2/-1 mm
Width : 600 mm +2/-1 mm
Thickness : 6.8 mm +2/-1 mm.
Cells : Polyvinyl butyrate (PVB) thickness0.4 mm.
Max SystemVoltage : 1000 V
BIPV FACADE PANELS ON SOUTH BIPV FACADE PANELS ON
EAST FACADE SOUTH FACADE
fig.66 BIPV panel on SE facade fig.67 BIPV panel on S facade

HEALTH AND WELL BEING
Pacheykhani is located in Sikkim which lies in the cold climate zone. We tried to provide maximum thermal
comfort by introducing passive means and other effective strategies to reduce the load on mechanical
equipment.
THERMAL COMFORT
For our wellness centre, we have adapted the Indian Model of adaptive comfort as specified in the NBC.
The ASHRAE standards are used to analyse and comprehend thermal comfort.
Based on ASHRAE's 90% acceptability limits, the outdoor temperature is comfortable for only a small portion of
the year, considering the hot and humid conditions.
There are two ways to achieve thermal comfort: high thermal mass materials and frequent changes in air
The shelter's operating hours:
a.) in times when there is no disaster: 10 hours
b.) in times of calamity: twenty-four hours
The building temperatures have been kept between within 22

deg C and 30 deg C. Studying the chart helps in determining
the base case comfort zone and the proposed comfort band.
In order to achieve thermal comfort in the summer months of

April and May, high thermal mass walls with cavity walls to
increase the thermal lag are used. The solar chimney's
presence allows for the natural achievement of the required air
changes per hour Adaptive Comfort (ASHRAE-55)
fig.68 Psychrometric Chart
We tried maximising the heat gain by orienting the building towards the South and South East direction. The
windows also face the same direction, following 40% window wall ratio allowing direct sunlight inside the building.
Comfort Chart-CBE Thermal Comfort Tool (ASHRAE-55) Annual Temperature Graph

fig.69 Comfort Chart fig.70 Annual Temperature Graph
SOLAR CHIMNEYS
Our proposal of the ‘Solar Chimney’ aims at achieving ambient indoor climatic conditions through bringing about
enhanced ventilation, thereby increasing thermal comfort. A solar chimney is a type of passive heating system that
can be used to regulate the temperature of a building as well as providing ventilation.
The chimney height and diameter are critical design parameters that affect the performance of the solar
chimney. An increase in the height and diameter of the chimney can enhance the airflow rate and increase the
ventilation performance. Two solar chimneys are used to cover a effective volume of 800 m³/s.
Process of Heating using a solar chimney-
When the solar radiation hits the side of the chimney, the column of
air inside the chimney is heated. If the top exterior vents of the
chimney are closed, the heated air is forced back into the living
space. This provides a type of convective air heating. As the air
cools in the room it is pulled back into the solar chimney, heating
once again.
fig.71 Solar Chimneys

WASTE MANAGEMENT
Waste disposal management refers to the collection, transportation, processing, and disposal of waste
materials in a safe and environmentally friendly manner. Proper waste disposal management is essential to
prevent environmental pollution, health hazards, and to promote sustainable development.
WASTE PRODUCED ON SITE
HUMAN GENERATED WASTE GREY WATER ORGANIC WASTE CATTLE GENERATED WASTE
Solid and Liquid Human Hand Basins, showers, Food waste and Cow dung
waste baths, cleaning
landscape waste
generated waste
Composting Toilets Constructed Wetlands Vermi-Composting Bio Gas

Production
Composting Toilets
Composting toilets separate solids and liquids into two different
containers, which is key to reducing odor and making waste disposal
easier. This process doesn't require water or chemicals, making it a
sustainable alternative to traditional toilets. That is also why a composting
toilet is known as a "separating toilet". After each use, you add a carbon-
rich cover material (like sawdust or small pet litter) to the solids. This
material helps absorb moisture and prevent odors.
fig.72 Composting Toilets Constructed Wetlands

A constructed wetland is essentially, a shallow basin filled with a
substrate, usually sand and gravel, and planted with vegetation tolerant
of saturated conditions. Waste water is introduced into the basin and
flows through the substrate, during which the wastewater will come into
contact with a network of aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic zones, which via
a series of processes can effectively remove the organic pollutants from
fig.73 Constructed Wetlands the wastewater
Vermi - Composting
Vermicomposting is a faster method for reducing organic waste than
traditional composting. This approach utilises the action of earthworms
as well as bacteria to break down organic waste. This can be used as a
fertiliser for farming processes on site.
fig.74 Vermi-composting
Bio Gas Production
it’s a process where biofuel is produced naturally from decomposing
organic matter, both animal and plant waste or simply gas production
from anaerobic biomass. The biofuel thus produced can be used for
cooking purposes in the kitchen. Therefore, biofuel production from
animal waste has been projected as the solution for animal waste
management along with the potential of a new source of renewable
energy. The other by-product from the same is the sludge used as a
fertilizer for farming.
fig.75 Biogas plant

DAYLIGHT FACTOR
Majority of our building spaces receive sufficient daylight
with a window-wall ratio of 40%. This helps in reducing the
energy consumption requirements annually. The rest is
achieved with the help of artificial lighting. The Fig. below
shows the useful daylight illuminance (% hrs).
PCT annual hours

fig.76 Daylight Simulations
fig.77 Annual simulations graphs Temperature, Heat Gains and Energy Consumption annual graphs

ILLUMINANCE (lux)
The minimum illuminance required to achieve visual comfort is 150 lux.
Lux level >10000 in the atrium can be used to our advantage by

adding translucent Building Integrated photovoltaic panels on the
glazing roof of the atrium.
fig.78 Illuminance
ATRIUM
Application of multi-coloured dye photovoltaic cells (Grätzel
technology).The panels, installed on the sloping roof of the atrium
facing the south east, arranged in 5 different shades of red, green
and orange, providing a unique colour tone to the light
transmitted into the atrium.
RADIATION MAPPING fig.79 Atrium BIPV panels
kWh/sqm
2000
Annual Solar Exposure on the
1500 South and South East façade is
more and is thus used to our
1000 advantage by providing solar
panels/shingles to generate solar
50 energy.
fig.80 Radiation mapping

VENTILATION RATE
Natural ventilation as well as mechanical ventilation was introduced for air circulation inside the building. HVAC
system has also been introduced. The window-wall ratio has been kept 40% to allow circulation of air. A row of
clerestory openings have been provided to the wall adjacent to the site. Low speed fans are also used.
According to the number of occupants in respective areas, the ventilation rate is calculated following the
standards from NBC and ASHRAE
Table-26 Ventilation Rate

NATURAL VENTILATION
Natural ventilation helps in reducing discomfort and reduces the load on HVAC. We have incorporated various
measures to match the ISHRAE standards for indoor environment quality.
Natural ventilation is also achieved by narrow

layouts and elongated building blocks allowing
air movement more efficiently. Planning of the
structure is done keeping this in mind.
Air Flow Daigram

fig.81 Airflow Diagram
Indoor temperature is maintained between 22 deg C to 30 deg C with
the help of windows’ sizes and placement of its modules, following a
window wall ratio of 40%.
Gap is created between the ceiling and the tiles of the sloping roof
which allows continuous flow of air for natural ventilation.
fig.82 Ventilation gap
LOW SPEED FANS
Low-speed fans have been used for their energy efficiency. They consume
less power compared to high-speed fans, making them a cost-effective
choice for long-term operation. In colder climates, condensation can be a
problem, especially on windows. By gently circulating the air with low-
speed fans, it can help prevent condensation build-up by maintaining more
consistent temperatures throughout the space. They have been introduced
in the atrium space. fig.83 Low speed fans
source - https://www.dolphinservo.in/high-volume-low-speed-fans.htm
fig.84 Annual ventilation graph

AFFORDABILITY
Mini issin Constr ction Cost

m g u
Use o Locall A aila le Materials: One a or cost sa in as ect in t e ro osed case is t e tili ation o
f y v b m j - v g p h p p h u z f
locall a aila le aterials s c as asalt and a oo

y v b m u h b b mb
e se and e r osin o E istin Str ct res: Anot er si ni cant actor contri tin to cost red ction is
R u R pu p g f x g u u h g fi f bu g u
t e re se and re r osin o e istin str ct res on site

h u pu p g f x g u u -
Local La or and E ertise: Utili in local la or and e ertise also la s a role in cost red ction Local
b xp z g b xp p y u .
workers are o ten a iliar wit t e a aila le aterials and constr ction tec ni es leadin to e cient and
f f m h h v b m u h qu , g ffi
cost e ecti e i le entation o t e ro ect

- ff v mp m f h p j .
En iron ental ene ts: In addition to cost sa in s t e se o locall a aila le aterials and t e
v m B fi v g , h u f y v b m h
re r osin o e istin str ct res a e en iron ental ene ts

pu p g f x g u u h v v m b fi .
PRO OSED CASE

P vs BASE
CASE
Table-27 Costing Land cost : 22 Million INR
Site Area (sqm) : 6500
Built-up Area (sqm) : 3915
CONSTRUCTION COST BREAKDOWN Ground coverage : 2400

In some hilly regions, bamboo is a widely available and renewable resource that can be used for construction
purposes such as scaffolding, bridges, and housing structures. It's lightweight, flexible, and cost-effective
Installing honeycomb panels can be faster and easier than traditional construction methods.By using
lightweight materials efficiently, honeycomb panels can reduce material costs compared to solid materials like
concrete or traditional drywall.
Land cost
Civil Work
Internal work
MEP Services
Contingency
Base case ro osed case

P p
fig.85 base case/proposed case

Hempcrete provides excellent thermal insulation properties, helping to regulate indoor temperatures and
reduce heating and cooling costs. By minimizing the need for additional insulation materials and HVAC
systems, hempcrete can contribute to long-term energy savings
The cooling loads of the building are reduced using design strategies like shading and thermal lag. This
reduces cooling loads of the building, which saves money on the HVAC equipmen
Contingency cost is estimated to be greater because of the usage of materials like bamboo which require
appropriate sizing and material handling
The cost of landscaping is reduced significantly by the usage of native species which require no cost for
plantation.
F inal esign eport

D R Solar Decat lon India h
45
VALUE PROPOSITION
Centre for rejuvenation and Wellness designed by our team Earthlings works efficiently as a community
resilience shelter, also keeping in mind the sustainability factor of the built. The community resilience shelter
design focuses on creating a multifunctional space capable of withstanding various disasters while serving as a
hub for community activities. The site Pacheykani in Sikkim is located in a highly prone landslide and earthquake
area. The location of the site is 18,000 meters above mean sea level. Pacheykani is especially vulnerable to
earthquakes since it is situated in the high-risk Seismic Zones IV and V. Apart from the seismic activity,
prolonged precipitation results in landslides and flash floods, impeding roads and preventing entry to the city.
Furthermore, the area may be impacted by forest fires and hailstorms/thunderstorms. The shelter provides a
safe space for all the people from the surrounding villages. Integrating sustainable materials and energy-
efficient systems, the shelter provides a safe haven during emergencies while minimizing environmental impact.
The centre also offers training programs to the people of the villages and also for the students from the nearby
located schools to help them educate about disaster management. In terms of achieving and eco friendly and
sustainable design, the building materials, orientation and openings are optimized to meet our energy
requirements. Because of the integration of renewable energy sources, the building's energy consumption has
decreased from 143 kWh/sqm to 48 kWh/sqm. Photovoltaic panels integrated into solar buildings are mounted
on the facades and roofs to generate solar power. Various methods for waste management have also been
suggested for different types of wastes generated on site. As the socio-economic factors keep changing, the
wellness centre meets both the requirements of a centre of rejuvenation as well as a space for community
shelter.
ENERGY PERFORMANCE
Envelope optimization was done by optimizing the glazing ,wall, and roof envelope. Multiple
envelopes were simulated using design builder and envelopes having suitable U-Values as per Super
ECBC Standards as well as locally available materials were chosen to reduce heat loss by up to
73.2%. We have thus achieved EPI value of 48 kWh/sqm which is close to our targeted EPI value
which was 44 kWh/sqm. There is a reduction in the EPI value by 68%. Efficient lighting equipments
have been installed.
Passive Building Equipment Lighting load HVAC EPI Renewable

Strategy envelope load reduction rightsizing Reduction Energy
integration optimisation reduction Integration
fig.86 EPI reduction measures taken
BUILDING ENVELOPE
Building envelope is optimized by incorporating sustainable materials. Bamboo Reinforced
Hempcrete is used as the external wall material. Bamboo combined to form structural column
designed with dry-mounted connections so as to not weaken bamboo through perforation nor
filling it in with concrete and also to allow the replacement of bamboo poles if needed. Bamboo
clustered horizontally utilising its tensile properties with aluminium connections light weight and easy
to assemble for fast modular construction which can be done by local worker. Paper Honeycomb
core is used as the dry wall partition material. Both the types of materials have low carbon footprint
thus reducing the carbon emissions of the building. It also provides inherent shock-absorbing
properties, making it suitable for applications where impact resistance is necessary, such as in
packaging or furniture. Both the materials are environment friendly and are available at close
proximity to the site making it more economical.

HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

The primary conditioning of the building is done through radiant floor heating. Systems are
designed to provide comfortable and efficient heating by radiating heat upward from the floor
surface. which is done using radiant floor panels. These floor panels are a layer of Hempcrete
slabs as the flooring so, as to ensure proper energy transfer. Radiant heating is incorporated in
spaces associated with the wellness retreat of the centre. Boiler system is also used for heating as
well as cooling in the residential block of the wellness centre. Solar chimneys are also
incorporated for efficient heating and ventilation inside the building.
NATURAL VENTILATION
Natural ventilation is also achieved by narrow layouts and elongated building blocks allowing air movement
more efficiently. Planning of the structure is done keeping this in mind. Indoor temperature is maintained
between 22 deg C to 30 deg C with the help of windows’ sizes and placement of its modules, following a
window wall ratio of 40%. Gap is created between the ceiling and the tiles of the sloping roof which allows
continuous flow of air for natural ventilation. The building tries to achieve ISHRAE standards for natural light
and ventilation.
DAYLIGHTING
Daylighting inside the building is improved using efficient building orientation as all the windows
face towards South and South East winter sun. Daylighting is also optimized inside the building by
maintaining the window-wall ratio to be 40%. First, the heating and daylighting effects of various
window-wall ratios were studied. 40 % window - wall ratio was considered to be optimum for
meeting our daylight requirements. Various simulations were carried out to optimize the floor
plate according to the daylight factor using design builder software.
EMBODIED CARBON
Considering materials like Bamboo and Hempcrete has reduced the carbon emissions
extensively. As bamboo is available in the site , the emissions from the transport are negligible
and hemp is a fast-growing plant that requires minimal pesticides and fertilizers. The cultivation
phase can have a relatively low environmental impact. The total carbon emissions of the
proposed design is 410.
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Waste management is a key factor on site. Waste disposal management refers to the collection,
transportation, processing, and disposal of waste materials in a safe and environmentally friendly
manner. Proper waste disposal management is essential to prevent environmental pollution,
health hazards, and to promote sustainable development. Different wastes generated on site are
greywater, human waste, organic waste and cattle generated waste (cow dung). Various
measures and systems have been introduced to manage the waste on site like the use of
composting toilets or the generating wetlands on site. Vermi composting is also done which is
one of the old traditional methods for the same.
AFFORDIBILITY
The cost of the proposed case is higher than the baseline estimates due to added cost of installations to
reduce the embodied energy, such as, paper honey comb, bamboo hempcrete, alternative materials and
hybrid construction.Since hempcrete is a relatively new material, the cost of sourcing it is slightly higher than its
alternatives, however, its contribution to energy optimization outweighs the cost.
47
APPENDIX
Area Programme
Table-17 Area Programme in case of disaster

Table-28 Area Programme
TOTAL AREA (sqm) 2335

FOOD STORAGE AND MEDICAL FACILITIES
CIRCULATION AREA (35%) 815

DINING
SHELTER ROOMS
TOTAL BUILT UP AREA (sqm) 3150
AND HALLS

APPENDIX
PLAN AT +517
PLAN AT +520.45
49
APPENDIX
yog
physiotherap
kitchen
a. washing area
b. cooking area
c. storage
d. waiter’s room
e. toilet
4. rooms
PLAN AT +522.45
outdoor yoga
meditation hal
men’s therap
dining hall
dinning
PLAN AT +527.5
50
APPENDIX
PLAN AT +530

APPENDIX
STRUCTURAL LAYOUT
COLUMN - 450X450 mm
BEAM - 300X600 mm
RCC Retaining wall - 300 mm
52
APPENDIX
ELECTRICAL LAYOUT
Plug Point
LED Downlight
Fan
Connection
53
APPENDIX
54
APPENDIX

APPENDIX
NET ZERO WATER POSITIVE DESIGN
Harvested rainwater
Table 29 - Harvested rain water
CONCLUSION
By harvesting rain water and treating the grey and black water for the possible uses, furthermore using smart
fixtures, using native plants in landscaping, smart water metering, making chaukas for the irrigation, we are able to
achieve a net positive water design, and we are able to give back municipality about 35KLD of domestic water
which will serve the community.
PLUMBING LAYOUT

APPENDIX
OUTLINE SPECIFICATIONS
Radiant Floor Heating
The primary conditioning of the building is done through radiant floor heating, systems
are designed to provide comfortable and efficient heating by radiating heat upward
from the floor surface. which is done using radiant floor panels. these floor panels are a
layer of Hempcrete slabs as the flooring so, as to ensure proper energy transfer. Radiant
floor heating offers several advantages, such as even heat distribution, reduced dust
circulation compared to forced-air systems, and the ability to zone different areas for
personalized comfort.
Bamboo and Hempcrete Construction
The external walls are constructed using Bamboo and reinforced hempcrete which is
easily available in close proximity to site. Bamboo clustered horizontally utilising its
tensile properties with aluminium connections light weight and easy to assemble for fast
modular construction which can be done by local worker. The U- value comes out to be
0.277 w/m2K which is efficient in helping with building envelope optimisation. Bamboo
combined to form structural column designed with dry-mounted connections so as to
not weaken bamboo through perforation nor filling it in with concrete and also to allow
the replacement of bamboo poles if needed.
Foldable Furniture
Foldable furniture is introduced as innovation to cater the needs of the community in the
times of disaster. It is a space saving design. These can also function as storage units.
This versatility maximizes functionality while minimizing the need for excess furniture.
Overall, foldable furniture provides practical solutions for creating comfortable and
adaptable living environments during times of crisis.
Movable walls and wind resistant louvres
W hen a calamity is not impending, the bamboo louvers are folded carefully and
positioned at a particular angle. This purposeful layout does two things. Firstly, it makes it
easier for natural ventilation to enter the room and circulate fresh air. Second, it lets in
'
daylight, which improves the area s illumination and adds to the comfort and well-being
of its residents .
Honeycomb movable panels for partition walls help wall panels move for shelter rooms to
have more space accommodating more people during disaster.
Bamboo Charcoal filter blanket
Rainwater collected and stored in tanks for usage in emergencies is filtered using a
bamboo charcoal filter blanket. This aids in the storage of clean water and helps to
supply clean drinking water during emergencies.This kind of charcoal is commonly
available here and its effectiveness in filtration is very good. Because all the ingredients
are readily available locally, making the charcoal bamboo filter is easier and less
expensive than purchasing an electric water purifier.

APPENDIX
OUTLINE SPECIFICATIONS
Retaining walls
Retaining walls in hilly areas serve crucial functions. They prevent soil erosion by holding
back the earth on steep slopes, reducing the risk of landslides and maintaining stability.
These walls also create level areas for construction, agriculture, or landscaping
purposes, optimizing land use in challenging terrain. Additionally, retaining walls help
manage water runoff by directing it away from vulnerable areas, preventing waterlogging
and soil saturation. They also contribute to the aesthetic appeal of the landscape,
especially when integrated with vegetation or decorative elements.
Water smart Metering
Smart meters are connected through a web-based monitoring system which will help to
reduce commercial losses of utilities, enhance revenues and serve as an important tool
in power sector reforms. It helps in saving money for the users.
Dedicated outdoor Air System (DOAS)
A dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) is a HVAC system designed to supply fresh,
conditioned air to indoor spaces while improving energy efficiency and indoor air
quality. It works by bringing in outdoor air, which is then filtered, conditioned (cooled or
heated), and distributed separately from the return air. This separation allows for precise
control of indoor humidity and temperature levels, reducing the load on the main HVAC
system.
Energy Efficient Fixtures
Energy-efficient fixtures play a vital role in reducing energy consumption and promoting
sustainability. In homes and buildings, these fixtures include LED lighting, low-flow
faucets and showerheads, energy-efficient appliances, and smart thermostats. LED
lights use significantly less energy and have a longer lifespan than traditional bulbs.
Waste Management
Waste management encompasses the collection, transportation, processing, recycling,
and disposal of waste materials. Effective waste management practices are crucial for
environmental sustainability and public health. This includes treatment of waste
generated on site like greywater, human waste, cattle generated waste.
Solar Energy
BIPV and solar panels are incorporated for generating solar energy. BIPV integrates
solar panels directly into the building facade, blending functionality with aesthetics. This
x
approach ma imizes energy generation potential while reducing space and installation
costs. Solar panels, on the other hand, are standalone installations typically mounted on
rooftops or ground-mounted systems. They capture sunlight and convert it into
electricity through photovoltaic cells. Both BIPV and solar panels contribute to
sustainable energy production,

APPENDIX

APPENDIX
Table-31 Input Parameters

60
APPENDIX
Table-32 Output Parameters

61
APPENDIX
SUMMARY OF COST ESTIMATION

APPENDIX
Overall, by leveraging locally available materials, reusing existing structures, employing local labor, and
considering environmental sustainability, the proposed case aims to significantly reduce construction costs
and create a more efficient and sustainable project outcome.

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Final Design Development Report

School Of Planning And Architecture, New Delhi

Final Design Report Solar Decathlon India

Table-1 Occupancy load during emergency

Table-2 Wall emissions

Table-23 Annual Solar Radiation

Table-24 PV Module Specification

Table-25 Ventilation Rate

Table-27 Area Programme

Final Design Report Solar Decathlon India

fig. 1 site analysis 6

fig. 2 psychometric chart 7

fig. 3 temperature range 7

fig. 4 Site analysis 7

fig 5: Earthquake prone zones Chart 7

fig 6 :Lanslide prone zones Chart 9

fig. 7: Site context- macro 9

fig. 8: Site context- micro 9

fig. 9: Community center vision 9

fig.10: site plan 12

fig.11: form development 12

fig.12: perspective section 13

fig.13: section through wellness center 13

fig.14: passive strategy A 14

fig.15: passive strategy B 14

fig.16: Evacuation Plan 16

fig.17: Foldable wall in plan 18

fig.18: Foldable wall 18

fig.19: Gabion retaining wall

fig.20: RCC cantilever retaining wall

fig.21: Slope protection

fig.22 zoning and circulation 19

fig.23 zoning and circulation (in case of disaster) 19

fig.24 Landscape perspective section

fig 25: Paper Honeycomb Core

Fig 26: Detail of movable panel partition wall 21

Fig 27: Working of foldable wall 21

fig 28: Strong wind resistant louver detail

fig 29: Bamboo charcoal filter blanket system 22

fig.30 multi-use furniture A 23

fig.31 multi-use furniture B 23

fig.32 HVAC system in section 24

fig.33: Heating load and cooling load

fig.34: HVAC system

fig.35 heating load and cooling load

fig.36: DOAS system 26

fig.37: Low speed fans 26

fig.38: Emissions from wall 27

fig.39: Emissions from floor

fig.40: Emissions from structure 28

fig.41: Emissions from fenestration

fig.42 Emissions from roof

fig.43 summary of emissions

fig.44 construction detail 1

fig.45 construction detail 2

Final Design Report Solar Decathlon India

fig.46 construction detail 3 30

fig.47 construction detail 4 30

fig.48 construction detail 5 30

fig.49 construction detail 6 30