Senior High School

Disaster Readiness &

Risk Reduction (DRRR)
Quarter2/Week3

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 What I Know
Direction: Read each question carefully and write the letter of the best answer in a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Why is it important for a community to be prepared in all hazards and calamities?
A. To extend support to all the victims
B. To save lives and prevent further damage to property.
C. To help ourselves from all the hazards brought about by any disaster.
D. To take the opportunity of receiving aid and support from the LGUs, NGOs and other
agencies.
2. What do you call the inundation of land areas which are not normally covered with water?
A. Canal B. Stream C. Flood D. Overflow
3. It is the first sign a flood or any calamities may occur, and when it is issued, you should
be aware of potential flood hazards.
A. NEWS B. FORECAST C. WATCH D. WARNING
4. It indicates that a hazardous event is occurring or is imminent in about 30 minutes to an
hour.
A. NEWS B. FORECAST C. WATCH D. WARNING
5. Flood-specific supplies should include the following:
I. Television
II. Disaster Supply kit
III. Evacuation Supply Kit
IV. Stockpile emergency building materials
A. I & III B. II, III & IV C. I, II, & III D.I,II, &IV
6. What will you do if it has been raining hard for several hours, or steadily raining for
several days? A. Stay calm and relax. B. Prepare your emergency kit. C. Be alert to the
possibility of a flood. D. Get your evacuation supply kit and evacuate immediately.
7. What should the persons in authority do for areas prone to flooding?
I. Publish evacuation routes.
II. Periodically inform the community of local public warning system.
III. Contact the local/national weather service office or emergency management agency for
information on local flood warning system.
A. I only B. I & II only C. II only D. I, II & III
8. When you are in or along stream channels, you must be:
A. calm and relaxed for you to enjoy your trip.
B. always bringing the emergency kit with you.
C. aware of distant events
D. go back home and prepare for evacuation
9. What should be done when a flood or flash flood WATCH is issued?
I. Pay attention to your neighbors.
II. Be alert to signs of flooding. Be ready to evacuate at a moment’s notice.
III. Everyone in a WATCH area should be ready to respond and act quickly.
IV. Listen continuously to a radio or television for updated emergency information.
A. I, II, & IV B. II, III & IV C. I, III & IV D. III & IV
10. What will you do if you are driving during a flood?
I. Just continue driving.
II. Avoid already flooded areas and areas subject to sudden flooding.
III. Turn around and find another route that will lead you to higher ground.
IV. Abandon your vehicle immediately and climb to higher ground if your vehicle becomes
surrounded by water or the engine stalls.
A. I, II &III B. II,III&IV C. I,II,&IV D. I, III & IV
 Hydro- Meteorological Hazards
Lesson Phenomena
1
What I Need to Know

Many organizations around the world have different

programs that addressed the different studies
concerning to the natural hazards of hydro-
meteorological phenomena and how to attenuate their
effects. Among these hazards that results from the
natural processes or phenomena of atmospheric,
hydrological or oceanographic nature - are floods,
tropical cyclones, drought and desertification. Climate
change has a big impact of these natural hazards
expected to rise. So much more about climate change,
let may ask you about this.” Have you already
encountered the words hydro-meteorological
phenomena? What comes in your mind if you heard that
words? What are the effects or hazard of these
phenomena in our lives? Can you identify each hazard
from one another? Before, we proceed to further
discussion on hydro-meteorological hazard. Let us find
first where the words hydro-meteorological come from?
Hydro means water. Meteorological is a phenomena that
are observable weather events which illuminate and are
explained by the science of meteorology.

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Remember this!!!!!

Meteorology is a branch of science that deals with the

study of the atmosphere that focuses on
weather processes and forecasting.
Hydrology is the study of water on the surface of
land , in soil and underlying rocks, and in
the atmosphere, particularly with respect
to evaporation and precipitation.
Hydrometeorology is the study of atmospheric
water especially precipitation, as it affects agriculture,
water supply, food control, power generation, etc.
It pertains to the occurrence, motion, and
changes of state of atmospheric water (Disaster
Reduction Resource Manual, 2008).
Before the lesson proper, we will first review and get oriented to the words and
terminologies commonly used related to hydro-meteorological hazard. How do we
do this ? Let us Perform Activity 1 : Find the WORD

Do It Cross It !!!

A C O L T N A S
T Y P H O O N T
E C T E L T D O
F L O O D H S R
R O L U O A L M
O N A G L E I P

2
 M E
Typhoon
L N I
Cyclone
Ň I

Flood Storm

El Niño

Hydro-meteorological Phenomena

Cyclone ,Typhoon or Hurricane

- The most prevailing type of hydro-meteorological hazards in the
country is typhoon and its sequential effects of rain and windstorms,
as well as floods. What is typhoon? Have you heard the word
cyclone and hurricane? Are the terms cyclone , typhoon and
hurricane similar?

Aerial Image of Cyclone ( Hurricane Ivan Sept. 2014)

HURRICANE? CYCLONE? TYPHOON?: Those three words are similar they

are all tropical cyclone but they just use distinctive terms for a storm in
different parts of the world.
A cyclone is an intense low pressure area which is characterized by strong
spiral winds towards the center, called the “Eye” in a counter-clockwise
flow in the northern hemisphere.
Like tornadoes, typhoons happen when warm air mixes with cold air,
creating intense wind, rain and flooding. Typhoons and hurricanes are the
same type of storm, but they happen in different places. Typhoons occur
in the Pacific Ocean around Hawaii

3
and Asia( northwest Pacific). Hurricanes occur on the eastern seaboard
along the United States and Central America( northeast Pacific)

]
Study theSignals
Warning table below.
(PSWS)It in
shows the Modified
the Philippines. Public Storm
Familiarize it .

As student and as citizen in the country

you must be aware of the PSWS for you to
be prepared in times typhoon or strong
typhoon comes. Each PSWS has its
corresponding wind speed, lead time and
the impacts it brings. It is also the basis for
the suspension of classes in different
levels. To the area with no storm signal,
it is then the discretion of the Local
Government Units personnel to suspend or not to suspend the class.
Below is the automatic suspension guidelines released by the Department
of Education on the suspension of classes per reference to DepEd Order
No. 43 series of 2012, stipulated in

4
Executive Order No 66 series of 2012.You should follow what the Local
Government ordered in times of disaster.

It is important to listen a news on tv. or in radio . As PSWS is issued an

information regarding typhoon or cyclone, you should be aware on what
are expected and Plan the steps are you going to go through. Constant
listening to the latest weather update is highly advised. Color coding is
usually uttered by the weather specialist. For you to have a clear
understanding about the color-coded rainfall advisories, stufy.
Study the color-coded rainfall advisories

Hydro-meteorological Hazards
Tropical Cyclone

1. Strong Wind

5
 Strong wind hit the Eastern Samar Province in central Philippines last May
13,2020 lots uptooted trees on the street , as Typhoon Vongfong battered
the
country.Credit...Alren rance-Presse — Getty Images.
Strong winds and heavy rain have
also battered the island of Bohol,
which was devastated by a 7.2-
magnitude earthquake three weeks
ago. More than 270,000 people in
the area are already living under
tarpaulins and in makeshift
shelters, and the extreme weather
threatens to intensify the
humanitarian emergency last
November 2013

2. Excessive Rainfall/ Flood

Kinds of Flooding base
upon:

a. Location

a.1 . River Flooding - when the water normally flowing in the channel
overflows its banks and spreads out onto the surrounding land. This causes
major problems for people living close to the river.

66
 a.2 Coastal Flooding- occurs when normally dry, low-lying land is flooded by
seawater. The extent of coastal flooding is a function of the elevation
inland flood waters penetrate which is controlled by the topography of
the coastal land exposed to flooding.

a.3 Urban Flooding - is the inundation of land or property in a built environment,

particularly in more densely populated areas, caused by rainfall overwhelming the
capacity of drainage systems, such as storm sewers.

Look like what happened to Cagayan de Oro City when there is heavy rain.

b. Duration
b.1 Flash Flooding - is a rapid flooding of low-lying areas: washes,
rivers, dry lakes and depressions. It may be caused by heavy rain
associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm,
or melt water from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or
snowfields.

7
 b.2 Sheet Flooding - an expanse of moving water into which the transient
streams of arid regions spread out as they issue from the mountains upon the plains.

3. Storm Surge in Coastal Areas- a rising of the sea as a result of

atmospheric pressure changes and wind associated with a storm .

4. Landslide- it is the movement of rock, earth or debris down a

sloped section of land. It caused by rain, earthquakes, volcanoes,
or other factor that make the slope unstable.

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8
5 . Thunderstorm - is a weather condition that produces lightning and thunder,

heavy rainfall from cumulonimbus clouds and possibly a tornado.

It is a violent local atmospheric disturbance accompanied by

lightning, thunder, and heavy rain.

6. La Niña / El Niñ0- La Niña is the abnormal cooling of sea surface

temperatures that cause heavy rainfall while El Niño
refers to the abnormal warming of sea surface
temperatures in the Pacific, which causes droughts
and below-normal rainfall. It has brought losses to
Philippine agriculture. Approximately, La Nina is the
opposite of El Nino. Each El Nino or La Nina episode
usually lasts for several seasons (Disaster Reduction
Resource Manual, 2008)

11
 Activity 1
Reflection Time!!!!!
Instruction;

Write a short paragraph on your reflection to the following questions.

1. What can I do to prepare for a disaster in my community?

2. How can I help others affected by disasters?

Activity 2
Instruction:

Student should create a disaster preparedness resource or do a project to respond to a disaster

that’s already happened. Encourage students to think about how they can use their skills and learnings
on the topic.

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 Lesson Different Hydro-meteorological Hazard
2 Maps

Have you heard about hazard map? Have you seen one? If not, then it is time for
you to see and locate your place and try to check if you are located in a hazardous
area or not. It is important to know the location where you are living for the safety of
your family.

a. Here is the Geohazard map of the Province of Bukdinon ( Landslide and Flood)

A map shown on is a Landslide and Flood Susceptibility Map of Bukidnon Province

. For you to understand the hazard map better, have it enlarged and use the legend.
Places highlighted with YELLOW and WHITE color means Low susceptibility on
flooding and debris flow . GREEN and VIOLET is MODERATE susceptibility to

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landslide while RED and BLUE color is HIGH susceptibility to landslide and flooding
and ORANGE and DARK BLUE is very high suspecibility to landslide and flooding.

b. A map shown on the next page is a Landslide and Flood Susceptibility Map of
Misamis Oriental where Cagayan de Oro is located and Bukidnon Province.
Can you locate Cagayan de Oro City? For you to understand the hazard map
better, have it enlarged and use the legend.

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Any site in our place has different kind of soil. Soil has a vital role to point out the
place where prone to disaster especially the landslide . The next map shown the
different type of soil located to the different places of Bukidnon Province, Misamis
Oriental and in Cagayan de Oro. Look at the figure below and try to identify what
kind of soil is the place where your house is built. Use the legend below the map.

What I Can Do

1. Using the map above (You may ask the students to have the map
enlarged).

2. Ask the students to interpret the hazard maps of Cagayan de Oro City and:

a. locate the landslide prone and flood-prone barangays in Cagayan de

Oro City; &

b. list or group the barangays according to the kind of soil.

3. Let the students write their Reflection in their reflective journal.

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 Lesson
Available Tools
3 For Monitoring
Hydro-
meteorological
Hazards

Natural hazards cannot be prevented but its impacts can be reduced and
mitigated if the capacity of the community is increased. One way of increasing the
community’s capacity is by constant monitoring. Hydro-meteorological monitoring
can only be done if there are experts who will do the monitoring and of course with
the use of monitoring tools. Now, what are the available tools used in monitoring
hydro-meteorological hazards? That is one of the roles of the local government to
provide a necessary tools for disasters.

Flash Flood Early Warning System (EWS)

1. RAIN GAUGE
Automatic Rain Gauge is an early warning device used in monitoring hydro-
meteorological hazards.

2. STREAM GAUGE

Water level stream gauge.

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3. SIREN

4. INTERNET ACCESS
Aside from these devices hydro-meteorological, mentioned monitoring can
also be done by surfing at the internet. Some of these are:
1. asti predict and 2.
2. noah.dost.gov.ph

The above monitoring tools are the basis for the CDRRMC EVACUATION
PROTOCOLS together with the use of weather website. The next figures
show the warning protocols, the meaning of alert levels through color coding.
Study each figure for you to be aware on evacuation protocols. Once you
internalize its meaning and application, there is no need for you to ask
somebody when the weather specialist or any authorized personnel mentions
these terms especially when there is a natural hazard.

15
Alert levels through color coding have been used by the CDRRMC in giving
information to the public on the updates of the situation in times of hazards. This is to
standardize the system and procedures of alerting at the City Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Council (CDRRMC) and the BDRRMC. This is also to
have unification on the systems and procedures in giving alert that can be replicated
at the level of BDRRMC as well as to resolve discrepancies in alerting procedures.
Study the Alert Levels below.

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 The color coded alert is very easy to memorize just like the traffic lights. When
the weather specialist will give the advisory that the alert level is YELLOW, it
signifies that residents should be on the ‘READY’ status. When the Orange alert
level is issued, the 39 residents should be on the “Get Set” status. Residents should
move when the RED alert level is issued.

Other colors are also used by the CDRRMC for alert levels as signal for the public and these
are WHITE, BLUE and RED. For its corresponding meaning, refer to the table below.

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Activity 4: Apply and Do What You Know .

Instruction: Identify and discuss the use of the available monitoring tools
for hydro-meteorological in your community. Tell the location where the
tools located.

Let us summarize…

1. Hydrology is the study of water on the surface of land, in soil and underlying
rocks, and in the atmosphere, particularly with respect to evaporation and
precipitation.

2. Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere and physical processes of interaction

with the Earth's crust, oceans and outer space. (Disaster Resource Manual, 2008).

3. Hydrometeorology is the study of atmospheric water especially precipitation, as it

affects agriculture, water supply, food control, power generation, etc. It pertains to
the occurrence, motion, and changes of state of atmospheric water (Disaster
Reduction Resource Manual, 2008).

4. Cyclone is an intense low pressure area which is characterized by strong spiral

winds towards the center, called the “Eye” in a counter-clockwise flow in the northern
hemisphere.

5. Like tornadoes, typhoons happen when warm air mixes with cold air, creating
intense wind, rain and flooding. Typhoons and hurricanes are the same type of
storm, but they happen in different places. Typhoons occur in the Pacific Ocean
around Hawaii and Asia. Hurricanes occur on the eastern seaboard along the United
States and Central America.

6. Hazards associated with Tropical Cyclones: 1. Strong Wind 2. Excessive

Rainfall/Flood 3. Storm surges in coastal areas 4. Landslide 5. Thunderstorm

7. La Niña is the abnormal cooling of sea surface temperatures that cause heavy
rainfall while El Niño refers to the abnormal warming of sea surface temperatures in
the Pacific, which causes droughts and below-normal rainfall. It has brought losses
to Philippine agriculture. Approximately, La Nina is the opposite of El Nino. Each El

18
Nino or La Nina episode usually lasts for several seasons (Disaster Reduction
Resource Manual, 2008)

8. Natural hazards cannot be prevented but its impacts can be reduced and
mitigated if the capacity of the community is increased. One way of increasing the
community’s capacity is by constant monitoring. Hydro-meteorological monitoring
can only be done if there are experts who will do the monitoring and of course with
the use of monitoring tools.

9. The following tools for monitoring the hydro-meteorological hazard.

: 1. Rain Gauge 2. Stream Gauge.

19
What to do after (Post test)…
Direction: Read each question carefully and write the letter of the best answer in a separate
sheet of paper.

1. What do you call the inundation of land areas which are not normally covered with water?

A. Canal C. Stream B. Flood D. Overflow

2. What will you do if it has been raining hard for several hours, or steadily raining for several
days? A. Stay calm and relax. B. Prepare your emergency kit. C. Be alert to the possibility of
a flood. D. Get your evacuation supply kit and evacuate immediately.

3. When you are in or along stream channels, you must be

A. calm and relaxed for you to enjoy your trip.

B. always bringing the emergency kit with you.

C. aware of distant events

D. go back home and prepare for evacuation

4. It indicates that a hazardous event is occurring or is imminent in about 30 minutes to an

hour.

A. NEWS C. FORECAST B. WATCH D. WARNING

5. What should the persons in authority do for areas prone to flooding?

I. Publish evacuation routes.

II. Periodically inform the community of local public warning system.

III. Contact the local/national weather service office or emergency management agency for
information on local flood warning system.

A. I only C. I & II only B. II only D. I, II & III

6. Why is it important for a community to be prepared in all hazards and calamities?

A. To extend support to all the victims

B. To save lives and prevent further damage to property.

C. To help ourselves from all the hazards brought about by any disaster.

D. To take the opportunity of receiving aid and support from the LGUs, NGOs and other
agencies. 44

7. What will you do if you are driving during a flood?

I. Just continue driving.

II. Avoid already flooded areas and areas subject to sudden flooding.

20
III. Turn around and find another route that will lead you to higher ground

IV. Abandon your vehicle immediately and climb to higher ground if your vehicle becomes
surrounded by water or the engine stalls.

A. I, II &II I B. II,III&IV C. I,II,&IV D. I, III & IV

8. Flood-specific supplies should include the following:

I. Television

II. Disaster Supply kit

III. Evacuation Supply Kit

IV. Stockpile emergency building materials

A. I & III B. II, III & IV C.. I, II, & III D. I,II, &IV

9. It is the first sign a flood or any calamities may occur, and when it is issued, you should be
aware of potential flood hazards.

A. NEWS C. FORCAST B. WATCH D. WARNING

10. What should be done when a flood or flash flood WATCH is issued?

I. Pay attention to your neighbors.

II. Be alert to signs of flooding. Be ready to evacuate at a moment’s notice.

III. Everyone in a WATCH area should be ready to respond and act quickly.

IV. Listen continuously to a radio or television for updated emergency information .

A. I, II, & IV B. II, III & IV` C. I, III & IV D. III & IV

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