ARS 201 Building Materials AND Construction Techniques Iii: Prof. Deepa L

ARS 201
BUILDING MATERIALS
AND
CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES III
Prof. Deepa L
Department of Arc hitecture, TKMCE, Kollam MODULE V

What Is A Door?
Doors are defined as the movable structure used for opening and closing an entrance or for giving
access in or out of a building.
Classification of doors based on materials

Wooden doors, Metal doors, Glass doors, PVC doors, UPVC doors
Classification of doors based on operation

Swinging doors, folding doors, sliding doors, collapsible doors, revolving doors & coiling doors
Classification of doors based on materials
Wooden doors, Metal doors, Glass doors, PVC doors, UPVC doors
Wooden Doors
Wooden doors are the most common and premium choice for
both external and internal doors.
They are the preferred choice due to their classy and elegant
looks, high durability, and ability to match any architecture
theme.
Wooden doors can also be custom-made for any functional

requirements and design.
They are the oldest material used and never lose their sheen
even after long years.
Wooden Doors - Advantages
• Easily available
• Easy working
• Best material for front doors due to its high durability
• Used for any functional requirement
• Wooden doors are typically polished for exposing the natural grain looks
• Simple and easy installation
• Carving works are easily done on wooden doors
• Wooden doors are soundproof, have high thermal insulation and are strong
Wooden Doors - Disadvantages
• Needs periodic maintenance to retain the sheen and looks
• Wooden doors on long exposure to moisture may deteriorate
• Prone to termite attacks
Glass Doors
Glass doors are for areas where the availability of natural light
and open feeling is the main functional requirement.
They are mainly used in areas where privacy is not a prime

factor-like back yard, balcony doors, cabin doors, etc.
Glass doors are elegant and give an enhanced look to the

building.
The main problem with glass doors is the safety and privacy
factor and the possibility of glass breaking. The glass breaking
problem is managed by using safety glass or toughened glass..
Metal Doors
Steel is one of the preferred and favorite alternatives to wood for
both external and internal doors.
Steel doors are most suitable for exterior–facing doors that need to
withstand heavy traffic and exterior elements.
These doors are manufactured in solid and hollow types and are a
safer, durable, and stronger option when compared to wooden
doors. They provide more safety than wooden doors in terms of
fire resistance, thermal efficiency and resistance to bowing.
Steel door frames are usually combined with wooden, PVC, steel,
and flush door shutters.
Metal Doors
Steel frames are popular and are used for residences, factories, industrial buildings, etc. Steel
door frames are manufactured by pressing steel sheets, angles, channels, etc. Holdfasts and
hinges are welded to the steel frames. They are economical than conventional wooden frames.
Metal door shutters are manufactured from high-quality cold-rolled Mild Steel (MS) sheets, with
a steel face and rock wool or foam insulation. Steel is a more economical and stronger option
compared to other materials even though steel may not look as attractive as wooden or glass
doors.
Metal doors are available in different tones and shades. They are durable, have minimal
maintenance, and provide excellent security.
PVC Doors
PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
or polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) doors are
popular for bathroom
doors.
PVC Doors
PVC doors have high resilience, are anti-destructive, termite-proof, moisture-resistant, and
lightweight which is why they are best suited for areas with moisture chances like bathroom
areas.
These lightweight doors help save time and money by reducing the amount of labor.
Also, these doors do not corrode like steel or disintegrate like wood and do not need much
maintenance. PVC doors, are easy to install and clean.
These doors are not preferred for front doors due to their lightweight characters and inability to
resist environmental conditions.
These doors are cost-effective when compared to wooden and metal doors.
uPVC Doors
uPVC stands for Unplasticized
Polyvinyl Chloride.
It is a form of plastic that is

hard and inflexible, also known
as rigid PVC.
uPVC doors are a preferred

choice of architects and home
owners due to the superior
qualities they offer when
compared to other door
materials like wood,
uPVC Doors
They are easy to clean and maintain – UPVC doors can be cleaned by simply wiping with a
soft cloth soaked with mild detergents even though they may not peel or cracks after years of
usage. In addition to all above they are dust-proof, termite-proof, moisture, and weather-
resistant.
uPVC Profiles are manufactured to accommodate double glass units (DGU) that provide
excellent thermal and acoustic insulations.
uPVC is a highly durable material.
uPVC doors are very fast and easy to install.

Classification of doors based on operation
Swinging doors, folding doors, sliding doors, collapsible doors, revolving doors & coiling doors
Sliding Door
Sliding doors are generally used
where there is space limitation
for the swing of a Hinged door
or for Aesthetic purposes.
The door’s shutter slides

horizontally along the tracks with
the help of runners and rails.
Generally, the door is hung by
two trolley hangers at the top of
the door running in a concealed
track while at the bottom, rollers
are provided to slide the shutter
in the channel/track.
Collapsible Door
The Collapsible doors are exterior doors used where the width of
the passage is large.
A collapsible door hangs from the top of the door frame and has
rollers at the bottom. They are composed of M.S. channels that
are spaced about 100mm – 200mm apart and braced with
diagonal iron flats, which allow the shutter to open/close giving
an appearance of a “steel curtain”.
The door is equipped with locking mechanisms, handles,

stoppers, and other features, and it may be opened or closed
with a gentle pull or push.
Commonly found at the main entrances of residential buildings,

stores, garages, public buildings, and godowns.
Revolving Door
A revolving door consists of three or four individual
door panels (or wings) that rotate about a central,
vertical pivot. The center shaft has hardware
needed to support the door wings. The circular
structure called a "rotunda" or "drum" is usually
fitted with glass. The ceiling contains either a
mechanical braking device (used to control the
speed of the doors) or an electronic device that
uses a motor to drive the doors automatically.
It allows a large number of people to pass in and

out only by a gentle push. Being designed for one-
way traffic, it can be used as a security device to
restrict entry to one direction.
Revolving Door
Mostly, it is used in sports stadium, theme park

or airport for bypass security.
The main benefit of a revolving door is that it is

always closed and always open.
This means that the design of the system is

such that there is at least one door wing
sealing the opening at all times reducing the
amount of heating volume and air conditioning
(HVAC) that escapes from a building and these
savings in energy costs can be considerable.
Rolling shutter Door
The rolling shutter door is a type of exterior door
that provides access by collapsing vertically. They
can be operated manually or automated.
The shutter comprises 1.25 cm thick steel slabs

called laths or slates that are linked and coiled
around a specially built pipe shaft called a “drum”
located at the top. Two vertical steel guide tubes
installed at the ends move the shutter.
These shutters are commonly found in stores,

garages, warehouses and godowns. This shutter
functions like a curtain, protecting from fire and
theft and wind and hail.
Swing Door
The swinging door is a simplified and easy technique.
Swinging doors are hinged near one edge to revolve around a vertical
axis.
The shutter is linked to the frame using double action springs on these
doors. As a result, the shutter can move inward and outward.
There are two types of swinging doors: single-acting doors that can
swing 90 degrees or more in only one direction and double-acting doors
that can swing 90 degrees or more in both directions.
The number of hinges used depends on the size and weight of the door.
Bi-fold Door
It is a type of collapsible door
but made up of panels. These
panel sections collapse when
pushed.
The door frame consists of

tracks that will facilitate the
movement of the pivots that
are attached to the top and
bottom of the doors.
Most of them are made of

either wood, bamboo,
aluminum or PVC.
Paneled Door
Drawing-
Half glazed Door

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ARS 201

Department of Arc hitecture, TKMCE, Kollam MODULE V

Classification of doors based on materials

Classification of doors based on operation

Wooden doors can also be custom-made for any functional

They are mainly used in areas where privacy is not a prime

Glass doors are elegant and give an enhanced look to the

It is a form of plastic that is

uPVC doors are a preferred

uPVC is a highly durable material.

uPVC doors are very fast and easy to install.

The door’s shutter slides

The door is equipped with locking mechanisms, handles,

Commonly found at the main entrances of residential buildings,

It allows a large number of people to pass in and

Mostly, it is used in sports stadium, theme park

The main benefit of a revolving door is that it is

This means that the design of the system is

The shutter comprises 1.25 cm thick steel slabs

These shutters are commonly found in stores,

The door frame consists of

Most of them are made of

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