Building

SUSHMA KOIRALA MEMORIAL
ENGINEERING COLLAGE
PROJECT WORK REPORT

Name : PRAJWAL DHUNGANA
FACULTY : DCE(II/I)
ROLL.no : 32
SUBJECT : BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
AMOD NIRAULA PRAJWAL.
DOORS AND WINDOWS
A door may be define as a framework of wood, steel, aluminium, glass or a combnation of these
materials secured in an opening left in a wall for the purpose of providing accesses to the user
of the structure.
Following are the types of door
1. Steel Door : A door may be define as a framework of wood, steel, aluminium, glass or
a combnation of these materials secured in an opening left in a wall for the purpose of
providing accesses to the user of the structure.Following are features of steel doors.
- Steel doors are not manufactured as solid steel as they are heavy and would wear off the
hinges and frame.
- Steel doors are five times better than other synthetic and wooden door materials with
respect to thermal insulation.
- Steel doors are durable & eco-friendly.
Steel Door
2. Rolling Shutter : These are commonly used for shops, stores, etc. These may be manually
operated for smaller opening up to 10 m2 . Above 10m2 they may be oprated manually/
motorized.
- The shutter provides adequate protection and safety against fire & thefts.
- The sutter users instructions are so direct and can be understood by anybody.
Rolling shutter
3. Flush Door : This door consist of solid or semi-solid frame or core covered on both sides
plywood, face venner, etc giving perfectly flush and jointless surface. Following are the
properties of flush door
- Pleasing appearance
- Easy to construct
- High strength durability.
There is a three types of flush doors 1.Solid core flush 2.Cellular core flush 3. Hollow
core flush.
Flush Door
4. Panelled Doors : This type of door is widly used in all types of buildings and consists of timber
frame work of stiles, rails and panels.Following are the features of panelled door.
- Panels can be flat or raised.
- They can be made easily in any shape.
- They can be made easily in any shape.
Panel Door
Window
Window may be defined as an opening made in a wall for the purpose of providing day light,
vision and ventilation. 20% of floor area in a room is required for light and 10% of the floor area
in a room is required for ventilation.
Following are the types of windows.
1. Louvered Window : a window blind or shutter with horizontal slats that are angled to admit
light and air, but to keep out rain and direct sunshine. The angle of the slats may be adjustable,
usually in blinds and windows, or fixed. They are widely used in bathroom,work shops, railway
compartments and other public places. Louvered Window
2. Skylight windows : These are fixed windows on the sloping roof. Admit natural light and help
to distribute light more evenly throughout the room and considered an energy saver feature.
Skylight Window
3. Panelled Window : Panelled window is a very old type of window and popular, even today,
throughout the world. It is most commonly used in residential or even in public buildings &
strong and durable as compared to glazed window.
Panelled Window
4. Glazed Window : Glazing is inserting glass into windows or fixing glass into an opening in
the building’s external wall. Glazed glass pieces can be fixed onto the window sashes with putty,
these sashes are made of Aluminium, Wood, or PVC, and the sashes are further fixed to the
window frames with hinges. The Glazed windows could be made of tempered glass, float glass,
heatsoaked glass, Low-E glass, etc.
The process of old glazing and replacing it is known as Reglazing. Glazed windows could be
single-glazed; double glazed or triple-glazed windows. The double and triple-glazed windows
are also known as Insulating windows.
Glazed Window
5. Aluminium Window : Windows featuring a frame or sash made of aluminium is called an
aluminium window. Features of the aluminium window..
- Suitable for residential & commercial applications
- Good appearance ,economic
- Long-lasting.
Aluminum Window
6. UPVC Window : uPVC stands for unplast uPVC stands for unplasticized polyvinyl chloride, a hard
plastic material commonly used in windows and doors. The material is resistant to pollution, moisture,
corrosion, and mold. This makes uPVC windows a longer-lasting alternative to timber and aluminium
windows.icized polyvinyl chloride, a hard plastic material commonly used in windows and doors. The
material is resistant to pollution, moisture, corrosion, and mold. This makes uPVC windows a longer-
lasting alternative to timber and aluminium window.
uPVC Window
CAUSES & PREVENTION OF CRACKS IN BUILDING

Cracking in structures is a common occurrence and engineers are often required to look into their causes
and to carry out suitable repairs andremedial measures. For repairs and remedies to be effective, it is
essential that the engineer should have proper understanding of various causes of cracking.
Types of cracks

Building

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Building

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Building

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SUSHMA KOIRALA MEMORIAL

PROJECT WORK REPORT

CAUSES & PREVENTION OF CRACKS IN BUILDING

You might also like