Tenses

Present Simple Present Continous Present perfect S Present Perfect C
to express general truths Actions happening at the Actions that happened at Actions that started in
or facts moment of speaking: an unspecified time in the the past and are still
To describe habits or Temporary actions: I am past: I have visited continuing: He has been
routines: living in New York for a France. studying for three hours.
For scheduled events: month. Actions that have Actions that have
The train leaves at 6 PM. Future arrangements: We relevance to the present: recently stopped but
are meeting them She has lost her keys. have a present result:
tomorrow. Experiences: They have She has been crying (her
never been to Japan. eyes are red).
● always ● now ● for ● For

● usually ● right now ● since ● Since
● often ● for now ● already ● Just
● sometimes ● at the ● just ● Lately
● seldom ● moment ● yet ● Recently
● rarely ● (but)today ● ever/never ● How long..?
● never ● tonight ● before ● All day/week
● every…. ● these days ● recently
● at night ● Still ● So far/lately
● at the ● nowadays ● up to now
● weekend ● at present ● (up) until now
● on Mondays ● currently ● Still (neg.)
● in the morning ● for the time being ● this year/week
● nowadays ● This week/year... ● • How long..?
● these days ● • it's/that's the last ● • This is the
● whenever time first/second etc
● generally ● • once
● from time to
● time
● every now and
then
● most/much of the
time
Past Simple Past Continous Past Perfect S Past Perfect C
Completed actions at a Actions in progress at a Actions completed Actions that were

specific time in the past: specific time in the past: I before another past happening up until another
We went to the movies was reading at 8 PM last action: I had finished my action in the past: They
yesterday. night. homework before had been waiting for an
Series of completed Background actions dinner. hour when the bus finally
actions: She came, she interrupted by another For giving reasons: She arrived.
saw, she conquered. action: They were was tired because she For showing the duration
Past habits: He often watching TV when the had not slept well. of an action before another
played soccer when he power went out. past event: I had been
was younger. Simultaneous past working there for five years
actions: She was cooking before I left.
while he was cleaning.
● Yesterday ● While ● For ● For

● The day before ● When ● Since ● Since
yesterday ● As ● Just ● Just
● Then ● All morning/all ● Yet ● Yet
● Last week ● Already ● ever/never
● …Ago ● ever/never ● Before
● When ● Before ● When
● Once ● When ● till/until
● During ● After ● by/by the time
● How long ago..? ● till/until
● In (2004) ● by/by the time
● Formerly
● afterwards
Future Simple Future Continous Future Perfect S Future Perfect C Be going to
To express Actions that will be in Actions that will Actions that will
spontaneous progress at a specific be completed continue up until a We use the 'be going to'
decisions: I will help time in the future: At before a specific point in the future: form to express future
you with that. this time tomorrow, I time in the future: By the end of this plans, intentions, or
To predict future will be traveling. By next year, I month, I will have predictions based on
events: It will rain To talk about plans or will have been working present
tomorrow. arrangements: She graduated. here for five evidence,Indicate
To show willingness will be attending the years. spontaneous decisions.
or promises: We meeting next week.
will visit you soon. To be+going to+V1
● Tomorrow ● Future time ● Before ● For ● Going to

● The day expression+AT ● By ● Since ● About to
after ● This time next ● By the ● by/ by the ● Soon
tomorrow week time time ● In a moment
● Tonight ● Tomorrow ● By then ● By.. for
● Soon ● In the futureat ● until/till in
● Next 3PM propozitii
week/year negative!
● In a
week/month
● In..
● Promise
● Swear
● Hope
● Guarantee
● Believe
● Expect
● To be sure
● To be afraid
● Think
● Probably
● Perhaps
● certainly

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Present Simple Present Continous Present perfect S Present Perfect C

● always ● now ● for ● For

Completed actions at a Actions in progress at a Actions completed Actions that were

● Yesterday ● While ● For ● For

● Tomorrow ● Future time ● Before ● For ● Going to

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