Sans 1200 Ga

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 14

This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server.

Under the copyright agreement


entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
that no more than five persons have concurrent access to the standard.
UDC 6 2 4 ( 0 8 3 . 7 5 ) S A B S 1200 G A - 1 9 8 2

SOUTH A F R I C A N BUREAU O F STANDARDS

STANDARDIZED S P E C I F I C A T I O N

for

C I V I L E N G I N E E R I N G CONSTRUCTION

GA : CONCRETE (SMALL WORKS)

A p p r o v e d by t h e O b t a i n a b l e from t h e
COUNCIL OF THE S A BUREAU OF STANDARDS
SOUTH AFRICAN P r i v a t e B a g X191
BUREAU O F STAIJDARDS Pretoria
o n 1 7 A u g u s t 1982 0001 R e p u b l i c of South A f r i c a

T e l e g r a m s : C o m p a r a t o r , Pretoria

P u b l i s h e d and p r i n t e d i n t h e R e p u b l i c of S o u t h A f r i c a by t h e
S o u t h A f r i c a n B u r e a u of S t a n d a r d s

ISBN 0.626-06298-5 Gr6


This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
that no more than five persons have concurrent access to the standard.
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
that no more than five persons have concurrent access to the standard.

3 SAPS lZU0 tiA-1982


C o n c r e t e ( s m a l l works)

CONTENTS

1 . SCOPE .............................................................................. 5
2 . INTERPRETATIONS .................................................................... 5
2.1 ..........................................................
Supportiny s p e c i f i c a t i o n s 5
2.2 Application ........................................................................ 5
2.3 befillitions ........................................................................ 5
2.4 E x p l a n a t i o n of Terms ............................................................... 5
2.4.1 ............................................................
P r e s c r i b e d mix c o n c r e t e 5
2.4.2 Strenqth concrete .................................................................. 5
3 . MATERIALS ..........................................................................
.............................................................. 5
Approval of M a t e r i a l s
5
3.1
3.2 Cement ............................................................................. 6
3.2.1 .......................................................... 6
Applicable s p e c i f i c a t i o n s
3.2.2 ................................................................. 6
S t o r a g e of cemerit
3.3 Water .............................................................................. 6
3.4 Aggregates ......................................................................... 6
3.4.1 Applicable s p e c i f i c a t i o i i ........................................................... 6
3.4.2 Use of plums ....................................................................... 6
3.4.3 S t o r a g e of a g g r e g a t e s .............................................................. 6
3.5 Reinforcement ......................................................................6
3.6 Storage Capacity ................................................................... 6
3.7 Deteriorated Material .............................................................. 6
4 . PLANT ..............................................................................
G e n e r a l ............................................................................
6
6
4.1
4.2 Mixing P l a n t ....................................................................... 6
4.3 V i b r a t o r s .......................................................................... 6
4.4 formwork ........................................................................... 6
4.4.1 Design ............................................................................. 6
4.4.2 F i n i s h ............................................................................. 6
4.4.3 T i e s ............................................................................... 6
5 .5 . 1 CONSTRUCTION .......................................................................
Reinforcement ...................................................................... 6
6

5.1.1 Bending ................................... ......................................... 6


5.1.2 F i x i n g ................................... 6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.1.3 Cover .................................... ......................................... 7.


5.2 Formwork ................................. ......................................... 1
5.2.1 C l a s s i f i c a t i o n of f i n i s h e s ............... ......................................... 7
5.2.2 P r e p a r a t i o n o f formwork .................. ......................................... 1
5.2.3 Removal of formwork ...................... ......................................... 7
5.2.4 Re-use of formwork ....................... ......................................... 7
5.3 Holes. Chases. P i p e s . C o n d u i t s . arid F i x i n g Blocks .................................. 7
5.4 Concrete .................................. ......................................... 1
5.4.1 Q u a l i t y ............................................................................ 1
5.4.2 Batclling ........................................................................... 8
5.4.3 Mixing ............................................................................. 8
5.4.4 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ..................................................................... 8
5.4.5 P l a c i n g ............................................................................ 8
5.4.6 Compaction ......................................................................... 9
5.4.7 Curing and p r o t e c t i o n .............................................................. 9
5.4.8 C o n c r e t e s u r f a c e s .................................................................. 9
5.4.9 w a t e r t . i y h t c o n c r e t e ................................................................ 9
5.4.10 D e f e c t s ............................................................................ 9
6 . TOLERANCES ......................................................................... 9
6.1 B a s i s of Measurement ............................................................... 9
6.1.1 General ............................................................................ 9
6.1.2 Methods of measurement of d e v i a t i o n s ................................................ 9
6.2 Formwork ........................................................................... 10
6.3 Cover t o Reinforcement .............................................................. 10
6.4 P e r m i s s i b l e D e v i a t i o n s ............................................................. 10
7 . TESTS .............................................................................. 10
7.1 F a c i l i t i e s and Frequency of Sampling ............................................... 10
7.1.1 F a c i l i t i e s ......................................................................... 10
7.1.2 Frequency o f sampling .............................................................. 10
7.2 T e s t i n g ............................................................................ 1U
7.2.1 G e n e r a l ............................................................................ 10
7.2.2 Laboriitory t e s t i n g ................................................................. 10
7.2.3 E a r l y - s t r e n g t h t e s t i n g ............................................................. 10
7.3 Acceptance C r i t e r i a f o r S t r e n g t h C o n c r e t e .......................................... 11
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
that no more than five persons have concurrent access to the standard.

CONTENTS ( c o n t i riued)

Clause .
.
.
P a g e tlumber

8 . I I I : A : ~ U R E ~ I E I I T AEIL) PAYMENT ............................................................ 11


8.1 Elcdsureinerit aiid Rates .............................................................. 11
8.1.1 Formwork ........................................................................... 11
8.1.2 Reinfnrccnient ...................................................................... 11
8.1.3 Concrete ........................................................................... 12
8.1.4 C o n c r e t e complete w i t h formwork .................................................... 12
8.2 S c h e d u l e d Formwork Items ........................................................... 12
8.3 ......................................................
S c h e d u l e d R e i n f o r c e l i i e n t Items 13
R.4 ..........................................................
S c h e d u l e d C o n c r e t e Items 13
8.5 Joints ............................................................................ 13
8.6 .................................
M a n u E a c t u r e ( o r S u p p l y ) and E r e c t P r e c a s t Elemen s 13
8.7 Groutiriq .......................................................................... 13
8.8 .............................................
tiD B o l t s a n d M i s c e l l a n e o u s Metal Work 13

APPENDIX A . APPLICABLE STAEIDAHLJS ......................... ................................... 14

F i r s t R e v i s i o n A u g u s t 1982
Tliis s p e c i f i c a t i o n s u p e r s e d e s
SABS 1200 GA-1980
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
that no more than five persons have concurrent access to the standard.
SAPS 1:uu GA-13Hi
Coiicrete ( s m a l l works)

SOIJTli AFRICAN DUREAU OF STANDARDS


STAhIJARUIZED SPECIFICATION
for
C I V I 1, C N G I N E E R i N G CONSTRUCTION

GA : CONCRETE (SMALL WORKS)

1. SCOPE
1.1 T h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n c o v e r s t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r c o n c r e t e ( p l a i n and r e i n f o r c e d ) f o r s m a l l works a s s o c i a t e d
w i t h p i p e l i n e s , r o a d s , r a i l w a y s , pump s t a t i o n s , e t c . I t covers the b a s i c materials, t h e p l a n t d i d
formwork r e q u i r e d , t h e q u a l i t y , m a n u f a c t u r e , arid c u r i n g o f c o n c r e t e , t o l e r a n c e s i n workmanship, t e s t i n g ,
and t h e methods by which t h e f i n i s h e d s t r u c t u r e i s t o b e measured f o r t h e p u r p o s e s of payment.
NOTE: The s t a n d a r d s r e f e r r e d t o i l l t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n a r e l i s t e d i n Appendix A .

2. INTERPRETATIONS
2.1 SUPPORTING SPECXFICATIONS. Where t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n i s r e q u i r e d f o r a p r o j e c t , t h e f o l l o w i n g s y e c i f i -
c a t i o n s s h a l l , i n t e r a l i a , form p a r t of t h e c o n t r a c t document:
a) Project specification;
b ) SARS 1200 A o r SABS 1200 A A , as a p p l i c a b l e ;
s l i d , i n a d d i t i o n , SABS 1 2 0 0 D o r S A F E 1200 D A , as a p p l i c a b l e , may b e r e q u i r e d .
NOTE: Reqiiirements g i v e n i n SABS 1200 ; and a p p l i c a b l e a l s o t o s m a l l works have been i n c l u d e d i n t h e
s p e c i f i c a t i o n b u t r e q u i r e m e n t s r e l a t i r i y t o d e s i g n and t o s o p h i s t i c a t e d c o n c r e t e c o n s t r u c t i o n have not
been i n c l u d e d . C e r t a i n r e q u i r e m e n t s of t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n t h a t a p p l y p a r t i c u l a r l y t o s m a l l works do not
a p p e a r i n SABS 1200 G .
SABS 1200 G and t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n s h o u l d n o t form p a r t o f t h e same c o n t r a c t .

2.2 APPLICATION, T h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n c o n t a i n s c l a u s e s t h a t a r e g e n e r a l l y a p p l i c a b l e t o s m a l l c o n c r e t e
s t r u c t u r e s f o r c i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g works. I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s and v a r i a t i o n s of t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n a r e s e t o u t
i n P o r t i o n 2 o f t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n which p r e c e d e s t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n i n a c o i i t r a c t document.

2.3 DEFINITIONS. F o r t h e p u r p o s e s of t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n t h e d e f i n i t i o n s and a b b r e v i a t i o n s g i v e n i n SABS


1200 A o r SABS 1200 AA ( a s a p p l i c a b l e ) and t h e f o l l o w i n g d e f i n i t i o n s s h a l l a p p l y :

a ) General
Approved l a b o r a t o r y . A l a b o r a t o r y s u i t a b l y equipped and s t a f f e d f o r p u r p o s e s o f c o n c r e t e t e s t i n g aiid as
s u c h approved by t h e E n g i n e e r .
Cold w e a t h e r . Weather c o n d i t i o n s i n which t h e ambient t e m p e r a t u r e i s 5 OC or l e s s .
C o n c r e t e c o v e r . The t h i c k n e s s of c o n c r e t e between t h e f a c e o f t h e c o n c r e t e and t h e o u t s i d e of
reinforcing s t e e l nearest t h i s face as c a s t .
,
cool w e a t h e r . Weather c o n d i t i o n s i n which t h e ambient t e m p e r a t u r e i s h i g h e r t h a n 5 OC b u t n o t h i g h e r
t h a n 15 OC.
Formwork. Temporary works r e q u i r e d t o s u p p o r t arid s h a p e t h e c o n c r e t e f o r a s t r u c t u r e .
Normal w e a t h e r . Weather c o n d i t i o n s i t i which t h e ambient t e m p e r a t u r e is h i g h e r t h a n 1 5 OC b u t n o t h i g h e r
t h a n 3 2 OC.

b) Quality
GLade of c o n c r e t e . An i d e n t i f y i n g number f o r t h e c o n c r e t e , t h e number b e i n g n u m e r i c a l l y e q u a l t o the
s p e c i f i e d s t r e n g t h a t 2R d e x p r e s s e d i n meyapascals ( s e e 2.4.2).
P r e s c r i b e d mix c o n c r e t e . C o n c r e t e f o r which t h e E n g i n e e r h a s p r e s c r i b e d t h e mix p r o p o r t i o n s .
Heady-mixed c o n c r e t e . C o n c r e t e complying w i t h t h e r e l e v a n t r e q u i r e m e n t s of t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o i i a t i d
d e l i v e r e d on t h e S i t e i n a p l a s t i c s t a t e .
Sample (of c o n c r e t e ) . The niinimum volume of uncompacted f r e s h l y mixed c o n c r e t e r e q u i r e d i n terms of SABS
3
Method 861 f o r a d e s i g n a t e d t e s t ( e . g . 1 6 dm f o r t h e c o m p r e s s i v e s t r e n g t h t e s t f o r 3 c u b e s of nominal
side l 5 U mm) .
Strenytlr concrete. Concrete designed priniarily f o r s t r e n g t h .
W o r k .a.-b -
i l i t y . The p r o p e r t y of f r e s h c o n c r e t e t h a t d e t e r m i n e s t h e e a s e w i t h which it can b e p l a c e d and
compacted w i t h o u t s e g r e g a t i o n of t h e c o n s t i t u e n t m a t e r i a l s .

c) Strength
S p e c i f i e d streiiyLl!. The r e q u i r e d c o n c r e t e s t r e n g t h ( o r t h e s t r e n g t h c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e r e q u i r e d
c o n c r e t e g r a d e ) s t a t t v l on t h e d r a w i n g s o r i n tlie p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n , and which i n a l l c a s e s r e p r e s e n t s
t h e s t r e n y t h below which iiot more t h a n 5 % of v a l i d 28 d t e s t r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d on cubes of c o n c r e t e o f
t h e same g r a d e caii be e x p e c t e d t o f a l l . (NOTE: S p e c i f i e d s t r e n g t h is r e f e r r e d t o i n c e r t a i n d e s i g n
codes a s t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s t r e n g t h . )
V a l i d t e s t r e s u l t . The a v e r a g e r e s u l t o b t a i n e d from t h e t e s t i n g of t h r e e t e s t cubes of c o n c r e t e i n
accordance w i t h SABS Eletliod 863.

2.4 EXPIANATION OF TERMS


2.4.1 I __
P r e s c r i b e d Mix C u n c r e t e . A p r e s c r i b e d mix c o n c r e t e may be d e s i g n a t e d b y t h e g r a d e ui c o n c r e t e t l m t t h e
Enyineer aims t o a c h i e v e w i t h t h e mix p r o p o r t i o n s that: he w i l l p r e s c r i b e , e . g . p r e s c r i b e d mix 20 r e i e r s
t o a c o n c r e t e w i t h mix p r o p o r t i o n s t h a t w i l l n o r m a l l y r e s u l t i n a Grade 20 c o n c r e t e .
2.4.2 S t r e n g t h Coiicrete.. A s t r e n g t h c o n c r e t e i s d e s i g n a t e d by i t s s p e c i f i e d s t r e n g t h f o l l o w e d by t h e s i z e of
s t o n e used i n i t 5 m a n u f a c t u r e , e . g . 30 MPa/l9 mm r e f e r s t o a Grade 3 0 mix made w i t h 19 mn s t o n a .

3. PIATERIALS
3.1 APPHOVAL OF I W r E R I A L S . Thp C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l s u p p l y i i i yood time t o t h e Engiiieer-, f o r h i s a p p r o v d l ,
samples of t h e a y g r e y a t e s ( a n d , i f s o o r d e r e d , of tlie w a t e r ) t h a t : he p r o p o s e s t o u s e f o r t h e c o n c r e t e ,
and s h a l l f u r n i s h evideiice t h a t t h e w a t e r and a y y r e y a t e s comply w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 3.3 and 3.4.
Evidence s t i , ~ l lbe i n thi' form of e i t h e r
a ) a s t a t e m e n t from ari cappruved l a b o r a t o r y of tire r c s u l t s of t e s t s , o r
b ) aii a u t h o r i t a t i v e r e p o r t o r r e c o r d of p r e v i o u s e x p e r i e n c e .
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
SABS 1 2 0 0 ( ; A - l Y t i 2 that no more than five persons6 have concurrent access to the standard.
C u n c r e t e ( s m a l l works)

3.2 CENENT
3.2.1 A p p l i c a b l e S p e c i f i c a t i r m s . Cement and b l e n d s o f p o r t l a n d cemen': and m i l l e d g r a n u l a t e d b l a s t f u r n a c e s l a y
( s e e SABS 626) s h a l l be of t h e t y p e s c h e d u l e d or s t a t e d on t h e d r a w i n g s , and s h a l l comply w i t h t h e
relevniit. r e q u i rerneiit B of t h e f 01 l o w ing s p c c i f i c a t i o n s :
SAliS 4 7 1 P o r t l a n d cement ( o r d i n a r y , r a p i d - h a r d e n i n g , and s u l p l i s t e - r e s i s t i n g )
SARS 6 2 6 P o r t l a n d b l a s t f u r n a c e cemerit
SAUS E 3 1 P o r t l a n d ceinent 1 5 and r a p i d - h a r d e n i n g p o r t l a n d cement 1 5
3.2.2 S t o r a g e of Cement. S e p a r a t e s t o r a g e f a c i l i t i e s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d on t h e S i t e f o r e a c h t y p e of cement
used.
Cement t h a t i s s t u r e d o n S i t e s h a l l b e k e p t under c o v e r t h a t p r o v i d e s p r o p e r p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t m o i s t u r e
and o t h e r f a c t o r s t h a t may promote d e t e r i o r a t i o n .

3.3 WATER. Water s h a l l b e c l e a n and f r e e from i i i j u r i o u s amounts o f a c i d s , a l k a l i s , o r g a n i c m a t t e r , and o t h e r


s u b s t a n c e s t h a t may i m p a i r t h e s t r e n g t h o r d u r a b i l i t y o f concre1:e.

3.4 AGGREGATES
3.4.1 W l i c a b l e Specification. Both t h e c o a r s e a g g r e g a t e ( s t o n e ) and t h e f i n e a g g r e g a t e ( s a n d ) s h a l l comply
w i t h t h e r e l e v a n t r e q u i r e m e n t s o f SABS 1083.
3.4.2 ______
Use of Plums. Where plums a r e r e q u i r e d t o b e u s e d , o r a r e p e r m i t t e d , t h e y s h a l l
a ) be h a r d , c l e a i i s t o n e 0 : mass 15-55 kg;
b ) c o n s t i t u t e n o t more t h a n 2 0 X of t h e volume o f t h e Concrete;
c ) have no a d h e r i n g f i l m o r c o a t i n g ;
d ) have no d i m e u s i o n g r e a t e r t h a n 3 0 0 rnm or o n e - t h i r d of t h e smcillest dimension o f t h e c o n c r e t e member,
whichever is l e s s ;
e ) each b e s u r r o u n d e d by c o n c r e t e o f d e p t h a t l e a s t 00 mm; and
f ) have an a g g r e g a t e c r u s h i n g v a l u e a t l e a s t e q u a l t o t h a t s p e c i f i e d f o r c o a r s e a g g r e g a t e i n SABS 1083.
3.4.3 S t o r a g e of A g g r e g a t e s . A g g r e g a t e s o f d i f f e r e n t nominal s i z e s s h a l l b e s t u r e d s e p a r a t e l y and i n s u c h a
way t h a t s e g r e y a t i o n i s minimized. l n t e r m i x i n g of d i f f e r e n t m a t e r i a l s and c o n t a m i n a t i o n by f o r e i g n
matter s h a l l be avoided.

3.5 REINFORCEMENT. R e i n f o r c i n g b a r s s h a l l comply w i t h t h e r e l e v a n t r e q u i r e m e n t s of SABS 9 2 0 .


Welded s t e e l f a b r i c s h a l l comply w i t h t h e r e l e v a n t r e q u i r e m e n t s of SABS 1024.
S t e e l s h a l l b e so s t a c k e d o f f t h e ground a s t o p r e v e n t d i s t o r t i o n , and s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d from a g g r e s s i v e
e n v i r o n m e n t s and c o n t a m i n a t i o n .

3.6 STORAGE CAPACITY. The s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y p r o v i d e d and t h e amount o f m a t e r i a l s t o r e d ( w h e t h e r c e m e n t ,


a g g r e g a t e s , s t e e l , o r w a t e r ) s h a l l b e s u f f i c i e n t t o e n s u r e t h a t no i n t e r r u p t i o n t o t h e p r o g r e s s of t h e
work is o c c a s i o n e d by l a c k of m a t e r i a l s .

3.7 DETERlORATED MATERIAL. M a t e r i a l t h a t h a s d e t e r i o r a t e d , or t h a t h a s been c o n t a m i n a t e d o r o t h e r w i s e


damaged, s h a l l n o t be used i n c o n c r e t e . Such m a t e r i a l s h a l l b e removed from t h e S i t e w i t h o u t d e l a y .

4. PLANT
4.1 GENERAL. A l l p l a i i t s h a l l be m a i n t a i n e d i n good working o r d e r .

4.2 E i l X I N G PLANT. The t y p e and c a p a c i t y of mixing machines s h a l l bc! such t h a t t h e r a t e o f o u t p u t of c o n c r e t e


i s s u i t a b l e f o r f.he r a t e of c o r i c r e t i i i q . Each machine s h a l l b e c a p a b l e of p r o d u c i n q a uniform
d i s t r i b u t i o n of t h e i n g r e d i e n t s t h r o u y h o u t t h e b a t c h and slid11 comply w i t h t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n t c i which t h e
m a n u f a c t u r e r c l a i m s i t h a s been manufactured. Worn or h e n t b l a d e s and p a d d l e s s h a l l b e r e p l a c e d . The
i n n e r s u r f a c e s of t h e mixer s h a l l b e c l e a n and f r e e from h a r d e n e d c o i i c r e t e .

4.3 VIBRATORS. V i b r a i . o r s s h a l l b e c a p a b l e of f u l l y compacting e a c h l a y e r of c o n c r e t e where compaction by


v i b r a t i o n is r e q u i r e d ( s e e 5 . 4 . 6 . 3 ) . A t l e a s t one standby v i b r i i t o r s h a l l b e a v a i l a b l e f o r every t h r e e
( o r s m a l l e r number o f ) v i b r a t o r s n e c e s s a r y t o m a i n t a i n t h e r a t e of p l a c i n g .

4.4 FORMWORK
4.4.1 Design. Formwork s h a l l be so d e s i g n e d and c o n s t r u c t e d t h a t t h e c o n c r e t e can be p r o p e r l y p l a c e d and
compacted and t h a t , s u b j e c t t o t h e t o l e r a n c e s s p e c i f i e d i n 6 . 2 - 6 . 4 i n c l u s i v e , t h e r e q u i r e d s h a p e s ,
f i n i s h e s , p o s i t i o n s , l e v e l s , and d i m e n s i o n s shown on t h e d r a w i n q s a r e m a i n t a i n e d .
The fvrniwork and j o i n t s s h a l l b e c a p a b l e of r e s i s t i n g t h e dead Load, i n c l u d i n g t h e p r e s s u r e e x e r t e d b)*
t h e w e t c o n c r e t e , witid f o r c e s , and a l l o t h e r superimposed l o a d s and f o r c e s .
4.4.2 --
F i n i s h . The q u a l i t y of t h e f i n i s h e d s u r f a c e of t h e c o n c r e t e s h i i l l be a s s c h e d u l e d o r shown o n t h e
drewiiiys o r a s r e q u i r e d i n terms of t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n (tee 5.2.1).
4.4.3 --
T i e s . The t y p e s of t i e s used s h a l l h e s u c h t h a t t h e r e q u i r e d f ~ n i s hi s a c h i e v e d and w i l l n o t b e marred
by s u b s e q u e n t c o r r o s i o n of t h e t i e s .

5. CONSTRUCTION
5.1 REINFORCEMENT
5.1.1 --_
Bending. R e i n f o r c i n g b a r s s h a l l b e b e f i t t o t h e d i m e n s i o n s shown on t h e d r a w i n g s and i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h
SADS 82.
A l l b a r s s h a l l be b e n t c o l d and bending s h a l l b e done s l o w l y , a s t e a d y , even p r e s s u r e b e i n g used w i t h o u t
j e r k or impact.
5.1.2 ----_
Eixiilg. S t e e l s h a l l , a t t h e time of t h e p l a c i n g o f t h e c o n c r e t e , b e f r e e from l o o s e or powdery r u s t ,
s c a l e , o i l , and o t h e r c o a t i n g s t h a t may reduce t h e bond between s t e e l aiid s u r r o u n d i n g c o n c r e t e , a f f e c t
t h e d u r a b i l i t y o f th,. c o n c r e t e , o r i n i t i a t e c o r r o s i o n of t h e r e i n f o r c e m e n t . I f any s u b s t a n c e o t h e r t h a n
water is used f o r 1 u b r i r . a t i n g t h e Cormwork, e v e r y p r e c a u t i o n s h a l l b e t a k e n t o a v o i d c o n t a n i i n a t i o t i of t h e
reiiltorceroent by such s i l l s t a n c e .
Reinforcement s l i a l l b e p o s i t i o n e d a s shown on t h e d r a w i n g s arid m a i n t a i n e d i n p o s i t i o n . I t s h a l l be
s e c u r e d a g a i n s t d i s p l a c e m e n t by t y i n g a t i i i t e r s e c t i o n s w i t h a n n e a l e d w i r e o f nominal d i a m e t e r 1 , 6 mm o r
1,25 mm or b y t h e u s e of a c c e p t a b l e c l i p o r , i f p e r m i t t e d b y tile E n g i n e e r , h y w e l d i n g . Reinforcemeiit
s h a l l b e s u p p o r t e d i n i t s c c x r e c t p o s i t i o n by meaiis of h a n g e r s o r s a d d l e s , and a l i g n e d by means o f c h a i r s
and s p a c e r s of approved rlesiyn.
SUpportiiiy s t e e l t o approved d e s i g n w i l l b e added t o t h e r e i n f o r c i n g s c h e d u l e by t h e Eiiyineer. Other
suyportiriy m a t e r i a l s s h a l l b e s u b j e c t t o p r i o r a p p r o v a l .
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
that no more than five persons have concurrent access to the standard.
7

5.1.3 -
Cover. The c o v e r of coiicrt=te o v e r r e l i i f o r c e m e n t , o t l i e r t h a n o v e r r a i l o r s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l reiriCcrccnient,
s h a l l be a t
l e a s t 30 m m , u t i l c s s shown o t h e r w i s e 0 1 1 t h e d r a w i n g s .
Cover wver r a i l arid s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l r e i n f o r c e m e n t s h a l l b e a t l e a s t 80 nun, u n l e s s shown o t h e r w i s e on t h e
drawings.

5.2 FOWIWORK
5.2.1 C l a s s i f i c a t i v n o f Finis+. Formwork w i l l b e c l a s s i f i e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e s u r f a c e c o n d i t i o n
r e q u i r e d on t h e f i n i s h e d c o n c r e t e . Such s u r f a c e c o n d i t i o n s a r e c l a s s i f i e d a s rough o r smooth, a s
f o l l o w s , and w i l l b e so s c h e d u l e d :
a ) N.No t r e a t m e n t of t h e s u r f a c e of t h e c o n c r e t e w i l l be r e q u i r e d a f t e r t h e s t r i k i n g o f t h e
formwork.
b ) Smooth. I m p e r f e c t i o n s such a s s m a l l f i t i s , b u l g e s , i r r e g u l a r i t i e s , s u r f a c e honeycombing, and
u n a c c e p t a b l e s u r f a c e d i s c o l o r a t i o n s s h a l l be made good and r e p a i r e d by approved methods.
The f i n i s h e d d i m e n s i o n s of t h e c o n c r e t e f o r b o t h rough and smooth formwork s h a l l be w i t h i n t h e a p p l i c a b l e
t o l e r a n c e s s p e c i f i e d i n Clause 6.
5.2.2 P r e p a r a t i o n of Formwork. Forms s h a l l b e e r e c t e d w i t h j o i n t s t i g h t enough t o p r e v e n t l e a k a g e of cement
mortar.
S u r f a c e s or forms ( r e g a r d l e s s of t h e m a t e r i a l of which t h e y a r e made) t h a t a r e t o be i n c o n t a c t w i t h
f r e s h ( w e t ) c o n c r e t e s h a l l be t r e a t e d w i t h a c o a t of a n o n - s t a i n i n g m i n e r a l o i l o r o t h e r approved
m a t e r i a l o r , o n l y i n t h e c a s e of t i m b e r forms, by t h o r o u g h w e t t i n g o f t h e s u r f d c e s w i t h w a t e r so a s t o
eiisure e a s y r e l e a s e and pirc?vent adhesioti of t h e t o r m w o r k d u r i n g s t r i p p i n g .
5.2.3 Removal of Formwork
5.2.3.1 Formwork s h a l l n o t b e removed b e f o r e t h e c o n c r e t e h a s a t t a i n e d s u f f i c i e n t s t r e n y t h t o s u p p o r t i t s own
w e i g h t and any l o a d s t h a t may be imposed on i t . T h i s r e q u i r e m e n t s h a l l b e assumed t o mean t h a t u n l e s s
o t h e r w i s e a g r e e d between t h e E n g i n e e r and t h e C o n t r a c t o r b e f o r e t h e s t a r t of c o n c r e t i n g , t h e foimwork i s
t o remain i l l p l a c e , a f t e r t h e p l a c i n g of t h e c o n c r e t e , f o r t h e a p p r o p r i a t e minimum p e r i o d of t i m e s e t o u t
i n T a b l e 1.

TABLE 1 - REMOVAL OF FORMWORK ( M I N I M U M TIMES 1 N DAYS ( 2 4 h ) )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Type of cement used

Type of s t r u c t u r a l
member o r formwork
Portland , Rapid-hardening
*I Blastfurnace

Weather
- - -
H o t or Hot or
NOtXldl Cool Cold Normal coo1 Cool :old

- -
a ) tlass c o r x r e t e , w a l l s , beam s i d e s
and columns ................... 0,75 + 1,s 0,s + 4

416
b ) S l a b s w i t h p r o p s l e f t under-
neath ......................... 4 i l 2 + 10

c ) Beam s o f f i t s w i t h p r o p s l e f t
u n d e r n e a t h , arid r i b s of a
ribbed-floor construction ..... 7 + 12 3 + 17

d) Slab props ) 10 + 17 5 + 17
) including
e ) Beam p r o p s ) canLilevers 14 + 21 7 + 21
-
* S h o r t e r p e r i o d s may he used f o r s e c t i o n s of t h i c k l i e s s 300 mm o r more.
+ I n c o o l weather ( s e e 2 . 3 ( a ) , s t r i p p i n g t i m e s s h a l l be d e t e r m i n e d by i n t e r p o l a t i o n between t h e
p e r i o d s s p e c i f i e d f o r normal and c o l d w e a t h e r .

5.2.3.2 Formwork s h a l l b e removed c a r e f u l l y so t h a t shock aiid damage t o t h e c o n c r e t e a r e a v o i d e d .


5.2.3.3 Notwithstandiny t h e p r o v i s i o n s of 5 . 2 . 3 . 1 , t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r making good any damage
t o t h e c o n c r e t e a r i s i n y from t h e removal of formwork and i t s s u p p o r t s .
5.2.4 Re-use of Formwork. B e f o r e r e - u s e , all formwork s h a l l b e r e c o n d i t i o n e d , and a l l form s u r f a c e s t h a t a r e
t o be i n c o n t a c t w i t h t h e c o n c r e t e s h a l l be t h o r o u g h l y c l e a n e d .

5.3 EiOLES, CHASES, P I P E S , CONDUITS, AND F I X I t I G BLOCKS. N o h o l e s , c h a s e s , f i x i n g b l o c k s , pipes, or c o n d u i t s


t h a t a r e n o t i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e drawings s h a l l b e made or i n s e r t e d w i t h o u t p r i o r a p p r o v a l .

5.4 CONCRETE
5.4.1 &?2.!JY
5.4.1.1 G e n e r a l . C o n c r e t e s h a l l comply w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f u r s t r e n g t h c o n c r e t e ( s e e 5 . 4 . 1 . 5 ) or f o r
p r e s c r i b e d mix c o n c r e t e ( s e e 5 . 4 . 1 . 4 1 , a s a p p l i c a b l e . The t y p e s of a g y r e g a t e s and cement s h a l l n o t be
a l t e r e d d u r i n g t h e c u r r e n c y of t h e c o n t r a c t w i t h o u t p r i o r a p p r o v a l .
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
5iib.5 1200 GA-lOti2 that no more than five persons
ii have concurrent access to the standard.
Concrete (small w o r k s )

5.4.1.2 Corisisteiic)'. The s l u e i p , iiieasured i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h SAtiS Method 8 6 2 , s h a l l b e w i t h i n tile limits yiveii 111
Table 2 a p p r o p r i a t e t o t h e t y p e of c o i i s t r u c t i o n , o r w i t h i n s u c h o t h e r l i m i t s a s may b e r e q u i r e d by t h e
Engineer , i f t e r r e c e i p t of t h e C o n t r a c t o r ' s d e s i g n f o r s t r e i i g t h c o n c r e t e , i f any, i i i t e r m s of 5 . 4 . 1 . 5 .

1 2 3 4I 5
- 1
Hand-placed Vibrated
Type of c o n s t r u c t i o n
Min.
--
Max . Min.
- --
Paving and p r e c a s t u n i t s ........... 70 50 50 30

Heavy mass c o n s t r u c t i o n ............ 70 30 50 20

R e i n f o r c e d f o u i i d a t i o u w a l l s and
footings ......................... 120 50 80 30

S l a b s , beams, columns, and r e i n f o r c e d


walls ............................ 120 50 80 30

S l a b s and i n d u s t r i a l f l o o r s on
ground ............................. 120 70 80 50

P l a i n f o o t i n g s and s u b s t r u c t u r e
walls .............................. 100 30 60 20
- --
5.4.1.3 WorkabiliQ. The c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e of s u c h w o r k a b i l i t y t h a t it can b e r e a d i l y compacted i n t o t h e c o r n e r s
of t h e formwork and around r e i n f o r c e m e n t w i t h o u t s e g r e g a t i o n of t h e m a t e r i a l s or e x c e s s i v e b l e e d i n g of
free water a t the surface.
5.4.1.4 P r e s c r i b e d niix c o n c r e t e . The E n g i n e e r w i l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e d e s i g n of p r e s c r i b e d mix c o n c r e t e arid
___
f o r d e t e r m i n i n g t h e p r o p o r t i o n s of t h e c o n s t i t u e n t m a t e r i a l s . 'I'he C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l p r o v i d e , on t h e S i t e ,
c o n c r e t e of t h e s p e c i f i e d m a t e r i a l s and i n t h e p r o p o r t i o n s giver1 by t h e E n g i n e e r .
The E n g i n e e r w i l l s p e c i f y t h e f o l l o w i n g i n r e s p e c t o f p r e s c r i b e e , mix c o n c r e t e f o r e a c h s e c t i o n of t h e
I
work:
a ) The maximum norniiial s i z e o f c o a r s e a g g r e y a t e , i n m i l l i m e t r e s , and i t s p r o p o r t i o n i n t h e mix;
b ) t h e p r o p o r t i o n of f i n e a g g r e g a t e i n t h e mix;
c ) t h e t y p e arid p r o p o r t i o n o f cement i r i t h e mix;
d ) t h e slump, i i i m i l l i m e t r e s .
5.4.1.5 S t r e i i y t h c o i i c r e t e . The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the d e s i g n of s t r e n g t h c o n c r e t e and t h e
s u b m i s s i o n of t e s t c u b e s t o a n approved l a b o r a t o r y , and f o r t h e measurement of t h e c o n s t i t u e n t m a t e r i a l s
t o produce c o n c r e t e t h a t c o m p l i e s w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s s p e c i f i e d by t h e E n g i n e e r .
The Enginner w i l l s p e c i f y t h e f o l l o w i n g i n r e s p e c t of s t r e n g t h c o n c r e t e f o r e a c h s e c t i o n of t h e work:
a ) The g r a d e of c o n c r e t e alid p o s i t i o n on t h e Works;
b ) t h e maximum iiominal s i z e o f c o a r s e a g g r e g a t e , i n m i l l i m e t r e s .
5.4.1.6 -
Ready-mixed -_____
c o n c r e t e . I f a c c e p t a b l e , c o n c r e t e may b e d e l i v e r e d ready-mixed t o t h e S i t e , and t h e Eiiyineer
w i l l a d v i s e whether t h e t e s t r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d by t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r a s p a r t of h i s q u a l i t y c o n t r o l system
a r e a c c e p t a b l e when e v a l u a t e d i n terms o f 7.3.
5.4.2 Batchiiig
5.4.2.1 Cement. The mass of cemciit s u p p l i e d i n a s t a n d a r d s a c k s h a l l b e assumed t o b e 50 kg. A l l cement t a k e n
from p a r t l y used s a c k s s h a l l b e b a t c h e d by mass t o a n a c c u r a c y of w i t h i n 2 X of t h e mass r e q u i r e d .
5.4.2.2 W. Mixing w a t e r for e a c h b a t c h s h a l l b e measured. The amount of w a t e r measured s h a l l be a d j u s t e d t o
a l l o w f o r t h e m o i s t u r e c o i i t e n t of t h e a g g r e g a t e s .
5.4.2.3 Aggregates. I f b a t c h i i i y i s by volume, t h e f i n e and c o a r s e aggretgates s h a l l b e measured s e p a r a t e l y i n
s u i t a b l e measuring I J O X ~ Sof known volume and of s u c h c a p a c i t y t h a t t h e q u a n t i t i e s o f a g g r e g a t e s f u r each
b a t c h a r e s u i t a b l e f o i d i r e c t t r a n s f e r i n t o t h e m i x e r . Adjustrnonts t o t h e b a t c h volume of f i i i e a g y r e q a t e
may b e r e q u i r e d by t h e Eiiyirieer t o a l l o w f o r v a r i a t i o n s i n t h e m o i s t u r e c o n t e n t .
5.4.3 Mixiilg. T h e f o l l o w i n q r e q u i r e m e i i t s shal.1 a p p l y to t h e mixing o f c o n c r e t e :
a ) Mixing of m a t e r i a l s f o r c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e conducted by an e x p e r i e n c e d o p e r a t o r .
b ) The sequence of c h a r g i n g s h a l l have been approved and, u n l e s s o t h e r i n s t r u c t i o n s a r e g i v e n , t h a t
sequerice s h a l l be m a i n t a i n e d .
c.) The volume o f t h e mixed m a t e r i a l p e r b a t c h s h a l l n o t exceed t.he r a t e d c a p a c i t y of t h e mixer.
d ) A l l c o n c r e t e s h a l l be mixed u n t i l t h e r e i s a uniform d i s t r i b u t i o n of m a t e r i a l s a s b o r n e o u t by a
uniform c o l o u r and c o n s i s t e n c y . The minimum mixing time s h a l l b e 1,s min.
e ) ConcreLe s h a l l n o t rmiaiii i n t h e mixer f o r more t h a n 1 h.
f ) Where a i i i c r e t e i s d e l i v e r e d t o t h c S i t e ready mixed, t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s of S A H S 8 7 8 s h a l l a p p l y .
5.4.4 -_____
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n . Mixed c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e d i s c h a r g e d from t h e mixer arid t r a n s p o r t e d t o i t s f i n a l p o s i t i o n
i r i such J manner t h a t s a y r e y a t i o i i , loss of i n g r e d i e n t s , and a d u L t e r a t i o n a r e p r e v e n t e d and t h a t t h e mix
is of t h e r e q u i r e d w o r k a b i l i t y a t t h e p o i n t and t i m e of p l a c i n g .
5.4.5 -
P l- acing
5.4.5.1 The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l g i v e tlie Engineer a d e q u a t e n o t i c e of h i s i r i t e r i t i o n t o p l a c e c o n c r e t e . The c o n c r e t e
s h a l l be p l a c e d w i t h i n 1 h o f t h e time o f i t s d i s c h a r g e from t h e m i x e r . C o i i c r e t e sliall n o t be
re-tempered by t h e a d d i t i o n of w a t e r or any o t h e r m a t e r i a l . The? Sorms t o b e f i l l e d s h a l l be c l e a n
i n t e r n a l l y . All e x c a v a t i o n s and o t h e r s u r f a c e s of an a b s o r b e n t i i a t u r e t h a t a r e t o come i l l t o c o n t a c t w i t h
concrete s h a l l tie clnrnpPtipd w i t h w a C p r . There s h a l l b e 110 f r e e w a t e r on t h e c o n t a c t s u r f a c e s .
5.4.5.2 Wherever p o s s i b l e , t h e c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e d e p o s i t e d v e r t i c a l l y ii1i.o i t s f i n a l p o s i t i o n t o avoid
s e g r e g a t i o n o r displaccrrient of r e i n f o r c e m e n t and o t h e r i t e m s t h a t , a r e t o b e embedded.
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
that no more than five persons have concurrent
9 access to the standard. 5 t i E S 1 ~ ' l J i I Ch'~-l'3t~2
C o n c r e t e ( s m a l l works)

5.4.5.3 C o n c r e t e s h d l l n o t L e ,illowed t o f a l l f r e e l y through a h e i y h t of more t h a n 3 m , u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e


approved.
5.4.5.4 If c o n c r e t i n y h a s t o b e i i i t e r r u p t e d b e c a u s e o f an emergency ( s u c h a s a breakdown of t h e p l a n t or t h e
o c c u r i e n c e of unsuit.ililo w e a t h e r ) , t h e c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e f i n i s h e d o f f a t t h e p l a c e of s t o p p a g e i i i t h e
maiirier t h a t w i l l l e a s t iiiipair t h e d u r a b i l i t y , a p p e a r a n c e , and p r o p e r f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e c o n c r e t e . A
j o i i i t s h a l l b e formed d t tlie p l a c e o f s t o p p a g e a s f o l l o w s :
a ) I n tlie c a s e o f c o n c r e t e Lhat i s l e s s t h a n 24 h o l d , t h e s u r f a c e s h a l l be brushed w i t h a s t e e l w i r e
b r u s h , swept c l e a n w i t h a l i g h t b r u s h , t h o r o u g h l y w e t t e d and, immediately b e f o r e t h e new c o i i c r e t e i s
p l a c e d , covered w i t h a 10 mm t h i c k l a y e r of m o r t a r composed of cement and sand mixed i n t h e same r a t i o a s
t h e cement and sand i n t h e c o n c r e t e m i x t u r e .
b ) I n t h e c a s e o f c o n c r e t e t h a t i s 2 4 h o l d or more, t h e p r o c e d u r e s h a l l b e a s s p e c i f i e d by tlie
Engineer.
5.4.6 Compaction
5.4.6.1 The c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e f u l l y compacted by approved means d u r i n g and immediately a f t e r p l a c i n g . I t shall
be t h o r o u g h l y worked a g a i n s t t h e formwork and around r e i n f o r c e m e n t and o t h e r erbedded items w i t h o u t
d i s p l a c i n g them.
5.4.6.2 The c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e f r e e from honeycombing and p l a n e s o f weakness. S u c c e s s i v e l a y e r s o f t h e same l i f t
s h a l l be Lhorouyhly worked t o g e t h e r . To a c h i e v e t h i s , t h e compaction tool s h a l l p e n e t r a t e through t h e
n e w l a y e r t o t h e lower l a y e r which s h a l l s t i l l b e s u f f i c i e n t l y p l a s t i c t o p e r m i t i n t e r k n i t t i n g .
5.4.6.3 Compaction s h a l l be c a r r i e d o u t by mechanical v i b r a t i o n or ( i f approved) by s p a d i n g , r o d d i n g , or f o r k i n g .
O v e r - v i b r a t i o n r e s u l t i n g i n s e g r e g a t i o n , s u r f a c e l a i t a n c e , or l e a k a g e , or any combination of t h e s e , s h a l l
not b e p e r m i t t e d .
5.4.7 Curing and ProtecJLo?.. A f t e r formwork h a s been removed ( s e e 5.2.3.1) and a s soon a s i t i s p r a c t i c a b l e i n
t h e opinioii of t h e E n y i n e e r , a l l c o i i c r e t e s h a l l be p r o t e c t e d from c o n t a m i n a t i o n atid l o s s of m o i s t u r e by
one o r more of t h e followiiig methods:
a ) Ponding t h e exposed s u r f a c e s by means of w a t e r , e x c e p t under c o l d w e a t h e r c o n d i t i o n s ( c o n c r e t e
s u r f a c e s s h a l l n o t b e wet i n t e r m i t t e n t l y by s p r a y i n g o r o t h e r w i s e ) :
b ) c o v e r i n g t h e c o n c r e t e w i t h sand or mats made o f a m o i s t u r e - r e t a i n i n g m a t e r i a l , and k e e p i n g t h e
c o v e r i n g c o n t i n u o u s l y wet;
c ) t h e u s e of an approved c u r i n g compound a p p l i e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r ' s i n s t r u c t i o n s .
The c u r i n g p e r i o d s h a l l be a t l e a s t 5 d f o r c o n c r e t e made w i t h p o r t l a n d cement, a t l e a s t 2 d f o r c o n c r e t e
made w i t h r a p i d - h a r d e n i n g p o r t l a n d cement, and a t l e a s t 7 d i f p o r t l a n d b l a s t f u r n a c e cenient i s used.
When a t m o s p h e r i c t e m p e r a t u r e s a r e below 5 OC, t h e s e minimum c u r i n g p e r i o d s s h a l l b e exterided by 7 2 h ,
36 h , and 7 2 h , r e s p e c t i v e l y .
5.4.8 Concrete Surfaces
5.4.8.1 Exposed s u r f a c e s of c o n c r e t e n o t f i n i s h e d a g a i n s t forms ( s u c h a s h o r i z o n t a l or s l i g h t l y s l o p i n g s u r f a c e s )
s h a l l be b r o u g h t up t o a p l a n e , uniform s u r f a c e w i t h s u i t a b l e s c r e e d b o a r d s .
5.4.8.2 Where a wood or s t e e l f l o a t f i n i s h or a s c r e e d t o p p i n g or a g r a n o l i t h i c f i n i s h i s r e q u i r e d i n terms of
t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n , t h e c o n c r e t e s h a l l , u n l e h s o t h e r w i s e s t a t e d i n t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n , be
f i n i s h e d t o t h e a p p l i c a b l e t o l e r a n c e s s p e c i f i e d i n C l a u s e 6.
5.4.8.3 F i n i s h e d c o n c r e t e s h a l l have a n e a t , smooth, e v e n , and uniform f i n i s h f r e e from any honeycombing. If the
f i n i s h of any formed o r f l o a t e d c o n c r e t e s u r f a c e i s u n s a t i s f a c t o r y and d o e s n o t conform t o t h a t
s p e c i f i e d , t h e C o n t r a c t o r w i l l b e r e q u i r e d , a t h i s own e x p e n s e , t o rub down such s u r f a c e w h i l e i t i s
s t i l l g r e e n , o r , a l t e r n a t i v e l y , to g r i n d it down w i t h carborundum or o t h e r s u i t a b l e m a t e r i a l when i t has
h a r d e n e d , or t o t a k e o t h e r approved r e m e d i a l measures t o g i v e t h e s p e c i f i e d f i n i s h .
5.4.9 W a t c r t i y h t C o n c r e t e . Each s e c t i o n of t h e Works t h a t i s r e q u i r e d , i n t e r m s of t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n ,
t o h o l d or e x c l u d e w a t e r s h a l l be w a t e r t i g h t , and s p e c i a l c a r e s h a l l b e t a k e n by t h e C o n t r a c t o r t o e n s u r e
w a t e r t i g h t n e s s , p a r t i c u l a r l y a t c o r i s t r u c t i o n j o i n t s . S h o u l d any such s e c t i o n of t h e Works show any sigii
of w a t e r l e a k a g e o r p e n e t r a t i o n a f t e r b e i n y t a k e n i n t o u s e , i t s h a l l b e deemed d e f e c t i v e and t h e
p r o v i s i o n s of 5.4.10.2 s h a l l a p p l y .
5.4.10 Defects
5.4.10.1 The c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e homogeneous and f r e e from honeycombing, i n t e r s t i c e s , and p l a n e s of weakness.
I € , a f t e r t h e removal of t h e forms, t h e c o n c r e t e shows any d e f e c t , t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l immediately
r e p o r t such d e f e c t t o t h e E n g i n e e r , and he s h a l l n o t c a r r y o u t aiiy p a t c h i n g or r e m e d i a l work u n t i l
a u t h o r i z e d t o do so by t h e E n g i n e e r .
5.4.10.2 A f t e r thorough i n s p e c t i o n and i n v e s t i y a t i o n of t h e q u a l i t y and s t r e n g t h of t h e d e f e c t i v e work and a f t e r
due c o n s i d e r a t i o n of t h e p o s s i b l e consequences of such d e f e c t , t h e E n g i n e e r w i l l e i t h e r s p e c i f y t h e
e x t e n t arid method of r e p a i r , o r o r d e r t h e d e m o l i t i o n and r e c o n s t r u c t i o n of t h e whole o f t h e d e f e c t i v e
work t o t h e e x t e n t which he c o n s i d e r s n e c e s s a r y .
The c o s t of a l l s u r h i i i v e s t i y a t i o n , r e p a i r , and r e m e d i a l work and of any d e m o l i t i o n and r e c o i i s t r u c t i o n o f
d e f e c t i v e work s h a l l be borne by t h e C o n t r a c t o r and a l l r e p a i r , r e m e d i a l , and r e c o n s t r u c t i o n work s h a l l
b e e x e c u t e d t o t h e s a t i s f a c t i o n of t h e E n g i n e e r .

6. TC)I,I:RANCES
6.1 BASIS OF NEASUREMENT
6.1.1 G e n e r a l . P e r m i s s i b l e d e v i a t i o n s w i l l opply i n t h e c a s e of l i n e a r d i m e n s i o n s , p o s i t i o i i , and l e v e l . The
C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l c o i ~ s t r u c teach of t h e v a r i o u s p a r t s o f t h e Works w i t h i n t h e l i m i t s of t h e a p p l i c a b l e
p e r m i s s i b l e d e v i a t i o n s s e t o u t i n 6.4 f o r Degree of Accuracy 111, u n l e s s some o t h e r d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y i s
r e q u i r e d i n terms o f t h e p r o l e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n o r is shown on t h e d r a w i n g s .
6.1.2 Methods of Measurement oE U e v i a t i o n s . C e r t a i n d e v i a t i o n s w i l l b e measured a s s e t o u t below:
a ) A n y d e v i a t i o n f r o m f l a t n e s s of a p l a n e s u r f a c e w l l l b e measured a s t h e maximum d e v i a t i o n o f t h e
s u r f a c e f r n m any s t r a i g h t l i n e of l e n g t h 3 m j o i n i n g two p o i n t s o n t h e s u r f a c e , d e t e r m i n e d by means of a
s t r a i g h t - e d g e t h e e n d s of which a r e s u p p o r t e d on i d e n t i c a l b l o c k s of s u i t a b l e t h i c k n e s s p l a c e d one over
e a c h of t h e p o i n t s .
b ) Any a b r u p t change i n a coiitinuous S u r f a c e , i n c l u d i n g a l o c a l d e p r e s s i o r i or peak i n a f l o o r o r w a l l ,
and any a b r u p t change caused by a j o i n t . i i i formwork, w i l l b e measured a s s p e c i f i e d i n ( a ) above.
c ) O u t - o f - s q u a r e n e s s o f a c o r n e r or an opening or an e l e m e n t such a s a column w i l l b e measured by t a k i n g
t h e l o n g e r of two a d j a c e n t s i d e s a s t h e b a s e l i n e , and d e t e r m i n i n g any d e p a r t u r e from t h e p e r p e n d i c u l a r
o f t h e s i d e a t e i t h e r end of t h i s b a s e l i n e .
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
that no more than five persons have concurrent access to the standard.
SABS lL0U (;A-1982 1U
C o n c r e t e ( s m a l l works)

6.2 I'ORMWORK. Formwork stiall. be so c o n s t r u c t e d a s t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e p o s i t i o n , dinienslc.iis, dud l e v e l s r ~ f


each s e c t i o n o f t h e f i t i i s h e d work w i l l b e w i t h i i i t h e appropriate: p e r m i s s i b l e d e v i a t i o n s g i v e n i n 6.4.
Any d e p a r t u r e from f l d t i i e s s of a p l a n e s u r f a c e and any i r r e g u l a r i t i e s i n a p l a n e s u r f a c e s h a l l tw w i t l i i i i
t h e l i m i t s s t a t e d i n h.J(b) ( 6 ) alld ( 7 ) .

6.3 COVER TO REINFORCEMCNT. No d e v i a t i o n from t h e minimum c o v e r o f c o n c r e t e o v e r r e i n f o r c e m e n t a s s p e c i f i e d


i n 5 . 1 . 3 w i l l be p e r m i t t e d .

6.4 PERI4ISSIBLE DEVIATIONS. The p e r m i s s i b l e d e v i a t i o i i s f o r f o u n d a t i o n s and e l e m e n t s or components above


foundations s h a l l be as follows:

Permissible deviation
Degree o f a c c u r a c y
111 I1 1 -
m m -
mm

F o u n d a t i o n s : mass arid r e i n f o r c e d con-


P o s i t i o n on p l a n of any edge or s u r f a c e measured from t h e
n e a r e s t g r i d l i n e or a y r e e d c e n t r e l i n e ........................ -t 50 -t 35 1

.........
L i n e a r dimension on p l a n c a s t a g a i n s t e x c a v a t i o n s i d e s t 60
- -t 40
.................
L i n e a r d i m e i ~ s i o n011 p l a n c a s t a g a i i i s t formwork __t 30 t 20
1,evel of u n d e r s i d e of c o n c r e t e ................................. - 4 0 +20 -30 t 1 5
.
S u r f a c e l e v e l ( i . e . t o p of f o u n d a t i o n ) ( e x c l u d i n g f l o o r s l a b s ) -30 t 1 5 -20 +10 *
Elements o r components above f o u n d a t i o n s
P o s i t i o n on p l a n of any edge o r s u r f a c e from t h e n e a r e s t ¶:rid
l i n e or a g r e e d c e n t r e l i n e ..................................... -t 25 t 15
- t

Linear ( o t h e r than c r o s s - s e c t i o n ) dimensions ................... t 30


- -t
20
Cross-section dimensions ....................................... -10 t 2 0 -5 t 1 5 *
Level ( d e v i a t i o n from d e s i g n e d l e v e l w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o t h e n e a r e s t
t r a n s f e r r e d datum (TD) o f t h e u p p e r or lower s u r f a c e , a s may b e
s p e c i f i e d , o f atiy s l a b or o t h e r e l e m e n t or component) .......... -20 +10 -15 +5 *
O u t - o f - s q u a r e n e s s of a c o r n e r or a n opening o r an e l e m e n t !such a s
a column ( s e e 6 . 1 . 2 ( c ) ) f o r s h o r t s i d e of l e n g t h
i ) up t o and i n c l u d i n g 0 , s m ................................... -+ 10 -+ 5 23
i i ) o v e r 0 , s m up t o and i n c l u d i n g 2 m ......................... t. 20 -t 1 5 5 10
iii) o v e r 2 m , up t o and i n c l u d i n g 4 m ......................... -
-t 25 -t 2 0 + 15
Exposed c o n c r e t e s u r f a c e ( i n c l u d i n g f l o o r s l a b s )
i ) Flatness of plane surface ................................... 10 5 3
...:.................
i i ) Abrupt c h a n g e s i n a c o n t i n u o u s s u r f a c e 10 5 2
Exposed c o n c r e t e s u r f a c e t o b e p l a s t e r e d or r e c e i v e
screed ( o r grano)
i ) F l a t n e s s of p l a n e s u r f a c e ................................... 15 10
.....................
i i ) Abrupt c h a n g e s i n a c o n t i n u o u s s u r f a c e 10 5

* A s stated i n the project specification, i f required.

7. TESTS
7.1 FACILITIES AND FRI.;QUENCY OF SAMPLING
7.1.1 F a c i l i t i e s . The E n g i n e e r s h a l l have f r e e a c c e s s t o t h e w o r k fo.r t a k i n g samples and c a r r y i n g o u t t e s t s .
The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l r e n d e r a n y a s s i s t a n c e n e c e s s a r y . I f so r e q u i r e d , t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l p r o v i d e
s t o r a g e and p r o t e c t i o n f o r s u c h samples o n t h e S i t e .
In a d d i t i o n , t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l p r o v i d e slump c o n e s and t h e moulds r e q u i r e d f o r c o m p r e s s i v e s t r e ~ i q t h
t e s t i n g i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h S A B S Method 8 6 3 i n s u f f i c i e n t q u a n t i t i e s t o e n a b l e t h e f r e q u e n c y of sampling
and t e s t i n q- r e q.u i r e d i n t e r m s of 7.1.2 and 7 . 2 t o b e a c h i e v e d .
7.1.2 Frequency of Sampling
7.1.2.1 S u b i e c t t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 7 . 1 . 2 . 3 , w h i l e c o n c r e t e of a p a r t i c u l a r q r a d e and i n s u f f i c i e n t a u a n t i t v
is being p l a c e d u n d e r t h e same c o n d i t i o n s , s e t s of samples ( e a c h sample ( s e e 2.3) b e i n g s u f f i c i e n t f o r
3 c u b e s , bc=ms, c y l i n d e r s , or p r i s m s , a s r e l e v a n t ) s h a l l be t a k e n u n t i l 30 v a l i d t e s t r e s u l t s have been
o b t a i n e d . The> s e t s of samples s h a l l b e t a k e n i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h SABS Nethod 8 6 1 , for example, a s c l o s e
a s i s p r a c t i c a b l e t o t h e s t a r t o f p l a c i n g and a t a p p r o p r i a t e i n t e r v a l s a f t e r t h a t , o r from one p a r t i c u l a r
b a t c h and t h e n from s u b s e q u e n t b a t c h e s chosen a t a p p r o p r i a t e i n t e r v a l s .
7.1.2.2 Frequency of sampling s h a l l , w i t h due r e g a r d t o t h e importance o f t h e work and t h e e v e n t u a l a s s e s s m e n t of
t e s t r e s u l t s , b e programmed oil t h e b a s i s of c o i ~ s i d e r a t i o n s s u c h a s whether a t e s t p e r t a i n s t o a
p a r t i c u l a r s e c t i o n of work o n l y o r t o t h e o v e r a l l q u a l i t y o f c o r i c r e t e i n t h e s t r u c t u r e .
7.1.2.3 Only one s e t of samples s h a l l be drawn from any one b a t c h o f c o ! : i c r e t e , and e x c e p t where o t h e r w i s e
o r d e r e d , no sample s h d l l b e t a k e n o f any g r a d e u n t i l a t l e a s t 3 b a t c h e s of such g r a d e have been mixed and
discharged.

7.2 TESTI~IG
7.2.1 G e n e r a l . A l l t e s t i n y s h a l l b e c a r r i e d o u t i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e methods r e f e r r e d t o i n t h e s p e c i f i c a -
t i o n o r i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h s u c h o t h e r methods as a r e s p e c i f i e d i n t h e p r o j e c t s i ' e c i f i c a t i o n .
7.2.2 L a b o r a t o r y T e s t i n g . L a b o r a t o r y t e s t i n g s h a l l b e c a r r i e d o u t b y a r e c o g n i z e d t e s t i n g i n s t i t u t i o n o r an
approved l a b o r a t o r y or a f i r m approved by t h e E n y i n e e r .
7.2.3 -
E a r l .y. -
- S t r e n g t h T e s t i n g . Whereas t h e c r i t e r i a f o r c o n c r e t e s t r e n g t h i n t h e s p e c i f i c a t l o n a r e b a s e d on
samples t e s t e d a t t h e age of 2 8 d o n l y , any p l a n for e a r l y - s t r e n y t h t e s t i n g s h a l l b e a s a g r e e d between
t h e C o n t r a c t o r and t h e E n g i n e e r . E a r l y - s t r e n g t h t e s t r e s u l t s may b e used for e a r l y r e m e d i a l m e a s u r e s
such a s t h e changing o f t h e mix d e s i g n , i f n e c e s s a r y , b u t s h a l l n o t b e used f o r a s s e s s m e n t of s t r e n g t h i n
terms of 7 . 3 .
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
that no more than five persons have concurrent access to the standard. Si\HS 1 2 O U GA-l'!tl2
11
Coiicrete ( s m a l l works)

7.3 ACCEPTANCE C H L T E R I A FOR STRENGTII CONCRbTE


I i any v a l i d t e s t r e s u l t for a s p e c i f i c g r a d e of c o n c r e t e i s more t h a n 3 MPa below t h e s p e c i f i e d
s t r e n g t h , t h e c o n c r e t e y i e l d i n g such r e s u l t w i l l be deemed n o t t o comply w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s of t h e
specification. I f an e x a m i n a t i o n s a t i s f i e s t h e E n g i n e e r t h a t t h e s t r u c t u r a l adequacy and d u r a b i l i t y of
t h e p a r t of t h e s t r u c t u r e i n which t h e c o n c r e t e h a s been used i s n o t i m p a i r e d , t h e c o n c r e t e s h a l l be
a c c e p t e d and t h e mix d e s i g n and o t h e r f a c t o r s i n f l u e n c i n g t h e q u a l i t y s h a l l be reviewed i n o r d e r t o
e n s u r e t h a t f u r t h e r c o n c r e t e c a s t w i l l b e of a c c e p t a b l e q u a l i t y .

R. MEASUREI4EEIT AND PAYMENT'


8.1 MEASUREMENT AND RATES
8.1.1 Formwork
-__
8.1.1.1 Formwork, o t h e r t h a n formwork c o v e r e d by 8 . 1 . 1 . 2 and 8 . 1 . 4 , w i l l b e measured a s t h e n e t a r e a of t h e f a c e
of t h e c o n c r e t e t o b e s u p p o r t e d duriiiy t h e d e p o s i t i o n o f c o n c r e t e . No d e d u c t i o n w i l l b e made f o r f i l l e t s
and s p l a y s of s i z e up t o 50 mm x 50 mm or f o r o p e n i n g s o f d i a m e t e r up t o 0 , 7 m or of a r e a up t o 0 . 5 m 2 .
8.1.1.2 Formwork i n c o n t i n u o u s l e n g t h s of narrow w i d t h s and of f i l l e t s or s p l a y s o v e r 20 mm x 20 mm w i l l L e
measured by l e n g t h , t h e w i d t h or r a n g e of w i d t h s b e i n g s t a t e d i n t h e s c h e d u l e .
Boxing-out, t h e forminy of h o l e s , and o t h e r such o p e r a t i o n s w i l l b e measured by number, b a s i c d i m e n s i o n s ,
p e r i m e t e r s , o r drawing r e f e r e n c e s , a s s t a t e d i n t h e s c h e d u l e .
8.1.1.3 S e p a r a t e items w i l l be scheduled
a ) f o r e a c h c l a s s of f i n i s h r e q u i r e d on t h e formed c o n c r e t e ;
b) f o r t h e d i f f e r e n t a n g l e s of i n c l i n a t i o n of formwork g i v e n below:

Angle of i n c l i n a t i o n Lrom t h e
vertical

tlorizontal Exceeding 85 and n o t e x c e e d i n g 90

S l n p i 1iy Exceeding 10 and n o t e x c e e d i n g 85

Battered Not e x c e e d i n g 10

Vertical o o

c ) f o r each i n c l i n a t i o n of each t y p e of s t r u c t u r a l e l e m e n t , s u c h a s w a l l s and beams, and f o r d i f f e r e n t


p r o p h e i g h t s for beams and s l a b s , and f o r formwork to c u r v e d ( s i n g l e and double c u r v a t u r e ) , curved i n
p l a n o n l y , a r c h e d , d o m i c a l , s p e c i a l l y moulded, and o t h e r t y p e s of work;
d ) f o r d e p t h s of o p e n i n g s r e q u i r e d i n t h e formed c o n c r e t e , a s f o l l o w s :
1) N o t e x c e e d i n g 0 , 5 m;
2 ) exceeding 0 , s m b u t n o t e x c e e d i n g 1,0 m;
3 ) e x c e e d i n g 1,0 m b u t not e x c e e d i n g 1 , 5 m;
4 ) e x c e e d i n g 1 . 5 m b u t n o t exceeding 2 , O m;
5 ) e x c e e d i n g 2,0 in;
measured p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e s u r f a c e ; and
e ) f o r l a r g e and s m a l l v o i d s , c l a s s i f i e d a s f o l l o w s :

Maximum c r o s s - s e c t i o n

Description
diameter, m

Large Exceeding 0,35, Exceeding 0,1,

Small

8.1.1.4 The u n i t r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t of a l l p a r t s of formwork i n c o n t a c t wi.th t h e c o n c r e t e , and t h e


n e c e s s a r y b e a r e r s , s t r u t s , and o t h e r s u p p o r t s , p l u s t h e l a b o u r and p l a n t n e c e s s a r y t o e r e c t and s t r i k e
such formwork.
8.1.2 Reinforcement
___-
6.1.2.1 S t e e l f o r normal r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e w i l l be measured n e t by inass of a l l b a r s , i n c l u d i n g s u p p o r t i n q s t e e l
d e t a i l e d on t h e r e i r i f o r c i n g s c h e d u l e s . The niass w i l l b e computed from t h e riominal b a r s i z e and nominal
mass p e r u n i t letiqtli. N o a l l o w a n c e w i l l be made f o r c u t t i n g , w a s t e , s p a c e r d e v i c e s ( m a t e r i a l s o t h e r ttiaii
s t e e l b a r s ) , o r biildiny w i r e .
S t e e l r e i n f o r c e m e n t f o r I ' r e c a s t c o n c r e t e u n i t s w i l l n o t b e measured u n l e s s so s c h e d u l e d ( s e e 8 . 6 ) .
Welded mesh w i l l b e medsured by a r e a a s shown 011 t h e d r a w i n g s , IIC) a l l o w a n c e b e i n g made f o r c u t t i n g ,
w a s t e , l a p s , o r d e d u c t i o n s f o r end c o v e r . The a r e a s measured w i l l b e t h o s e o f t h e c o n c r e t e f l o o r o r s l a b
b e i n g r e i n f o r c e d by means O C mesh. I n t h e c a s e of c o n t i n u o u s u t i i t s p a r t l y r e i n f o r c e d by mesh, t h e a r e a
w i l l b e computed from t h e o u t s i d e d i m e n s i o n s of t h e areci c o v e r e d by mesh r e g a r d l e s s of whether o r n o t
a d d i t i o n a l r e i n f o r c i n g s t e e l i s p r e s e n t i n t h e same a r e a .
S t e e l o f f c u t s r e s u l t i r i y from t h e c u t t i n g and bending o f r e i n f o r c e m e n t i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e bending
s c h e d u l e s s h a l l be deemed t o be t h e p r o p e r t y of t h e C o n t r a c t o r .
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
that no more than five persons have concurrent access to the standard.
SABS 1200 GA-19112 12
C o n c r e t e ( s m e l l works)

8.1.2.2 The t o t a l mass of a l l round and s q u a r e s t e e l b a r s w i l l b e s c h e d u l e d a s b a r s of nominal s i z e 1 5 mm


( d i a m e t e r or s i d e , a s r e l e v a n t ) f o r t h e purpose of o b t a i n i n g a b a s i c c o n t r a c t p r i c e , and t h e b a r s of a l l
s i z e s a c t u a l l y used w i l l b e s u b j e c t to t h e t e r m s of t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f c o n t r a c t c o v e r i n g v a l u a t i o n of
variations.
The q u a n t i t i e s ( o r p e r c e n t a y e s ) o f a l l o t h e r s i z e s o f s t e e l b a r s t h a t may b e r e q u i r e d w i l l b e s c h e d u l e d
a s p r o v i s i o n a l q u a n t i t i e s , t h e c o n t r a c t p r i c e s f o r which w i l l b e f i x e d r e g a r d l e s s o f t h e m a g n i t u d e of
v a r i a t i o n s ( i f a n y ) of q u a n t i t i e s .
Welded mesh w i l l b e s c h e d u l e d s e p a r a t e l y f o r e a c h t y p e and mass p e r s q u a r e m e t r e of mesh.
8.1.2.3 a ) The u n i t r a t e s f o r s t e e l b a r s of nominal s i z e 2 5 mm s h a l l c o v e r t h e cost of t h e s u p p l y , c u t t i n g ,
b e n d i n g , p l a c i n g i n p o s i t i o n , and f i x i n y of t h e r e i n f o r c i n g and s u p p o r t i n g s t e e l s c h e d u l e d , and t h e
p r o v i s i o n o f a l l s p a c e r d e v i c e s and b i n d i n y wire, a s w e l l a s t h e c o s t o f t e s t s i n t e r m s o f SABS 920.
b ) The e x t r a - o v e r r a t e s f o r b a r s o f a l l nominal s i z e s o t h e r t h a n 25 mm s h a l l c o v e r any d i f f e r e n c e s i n
c o s t a r i s i n g from any or a l l of t h e o p e r a t i o n s s e t o u t i n ( a ) above i n r e s p e c t of b a r s o f such o t h e r
sizes.
c ) The u n i t r a t e f o r welded mesh s h a l l c o v e r t h e s u p p l y , c u t t i n g , and p l a c i n g o f mesh, and t h e cost of
a l l w a s t e due t o l a p s .
8.1.3 Concrete
8.1.3.1 a ) C o n c r e t e w i l l b e measured n e t to t h e d i m e n s i o n s shown on t h e d r a w i n g s or t o t h e d i m e n s i o n s c a s t ,
whichever a r e t h e s m a l l e r . S t r u c t u r a l e l e m e n t s t h a t a r e u n d e r s i z e d w i l l b e measured f o r payment o n l y i f
they a r e a c c e p t e d by t h e E n g i n e e r .
b ) No allowance w i l l b e made f o r c o n c r e t e r e q u i r e d t o make up o v e r b r e a k i n s o f t e x c a v a t i o n , b u t payment
w i l l b e made f o r a d d i t . i o n a 1 c o n c r e t e or formwork, or b o t h , o r d e r e d i n w r i t i n g by t h e E n g i n e e r t o r e p l a c e
u n s u i t a b l e m a t e r i a l o r o v e r b r e a k i n h a r d rock or i n i n t e r m e d i a t e e x c a v a t i o n ( s e e ( d ) b e l o w ) .
c ) S u b f o u n d a t i o n c a r p e t s and b l i n d i n g l a y e r s w i l l b e measured t o t h e p l a n s i z e of t h e c o i i c r e t e s t r u c t u r e
r e s t i n g on t h e c a r p e t . Where t h e c o n c r e t e i s s c h e d u l e d by voluine, it w i l l b e measured on t h e mean
t h i c k n e s s a s c a s t p r o v i d e d t h a t t h e E n y i n e e r i s s a t i s f i e d t h a t ':he e x c a v a t i o n h a s n o t a t any p o i n t been
taken deeper o r wider than necessary ( s e e (b) above).
d ) Where, i n t e r m s of ( b ) a b o v e , c o n c r e t e i s o r d e r e d t o b e p l a c e d d i r e c t l y a g a i n s t t h e s i d e s o r bottoms
of e x c a v a t i o n s i n h a r d rock or i n i n t e r m e d i a t e e x c a v a t i o n , an i.tem may b e i n c l u d e d i n t h e s c h e d u l e of
q u a n t i t i e s f o r any a d d i t i o n a l c o n c r e t e p l a c e d i n o v e r b r e a k . Such a d d i t i o n a l c o n c r e t e w i l l b e measured on
t h e b a s i s o f t h e s u p e r f i c i a l a r e a of t h e s i d e s or bottom, o r b o t h , as a p p l i c a b l e , of t h e t h e o r e t i c a l n e t
e x c a v a t i o n i n rock t h a t i s o v e r b r o k e n and i n c o n t a c t w i t h t h e c o n c r e t e .
8.1.3.2 S e p a r a t e i t e m s w i l l b e s c h e d u l e d , a s a p p l i c a b l e , f o r e a c h g r a d e of c o n c r e t e , and f o r e a c h u n i t of t h e
Works o r each e l e m e n t of t h e s t r u c t u r e , and for e a c h t y p e o f cement. Except as p r o v i d e d f o r i n 8 . 1 . 4 ,
s e p a r a t e i t e m s w i l l a l s o b e s c h e d u l e d f o r d i f f e r e n t c o n d i t i o n s (of p l a c i n g c o n c r e t e , f o r s m a l l q u a n t i t i e s
(each l e s s t h a n 0 , 5 m3 of formed c o n c r e t e ) , and f o r d i f f e r e n t s u r f a c e f i n i s h e s ( o t h e r t h a n s t r i k i n g - o f f
and l e v e l l i n g ) s u c h a s w o o d - f l o a t e d o r s t e e l - f l o a t e d f i n i s h e s , .and g r a n o l i t h i c or m o r t a r s c r e e d s .
8.1.3.3 a ) The u u i t r a t e s s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t of t h e d e s i g n o f t h e mix i n t h e c a s e of s t r e n g t h c o n c r e t e , t h e
p r o v i s i o n o f c o n c r e t e (made w i t h o r d i n a r y p o r t l a n d kement u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e s c h e d u l e d ) , m i x i n g , t e s t i n g ,
p l a c i n g , compacting, t h e forming o f s t o p - e n d s and u n f o r e s e e n c o n s t r u c t i o n j o i n t s , s t r i k i n g - o f f or
l e v e l l i n g a s a p p l i c a b l e , and c u r i n g and r e p a i r i n g where n e c e s s a r y .
b ) F l o o r s l a b s , w h e t h e r p l a c e d on s u b f o u n d a t i o n c a r p e t s or d i r e c t l y on t h e p r e p a r e d yround s u r f a c e , w i l l
be measured t o t h e n e t t h i c k n e s s dimensioned o n t h e drawings.
c ) C o n c r e t e i n a column s u p p o r t i n g a r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e beam o r s l a b s t r u c t u r e w i l l be measured between
t h e t o p s u r f a c e of t h e f o u n d a t i o n , beam, or s l a b on which t h e f o o t of t h e column i s s t a n d i n g and t h e
u n d e r s i d e of t h e beam o r s l a b s u p p o r t e d by t h e column.
d ) N o d e d u c t i o n or a d d i t i o n w i l l b e made f o r n o s i n g s , b o l t - h o l e s , c h a m f e r s or s p l a y s o f s i z e up t o
50 mm x 50 mm, g r o o v e s o r c h a s e s n o t e x c e e d i n g 0,015 m3 e a c h i i i volume, or holding-down b o l t s , r a i l s ,
s t e e l s e c t i o n s , and r e i n f o r c e m e n t c a s t i n t h e c o n c r e t e .
8.1.4 C o n c r e t e Complete w i t h Formwork
8.1.4.1 s e p a r a t e i t e m s may b e s c h e d u l e d f o r c o n c r e t e c o m p l e t e w i t h formwork Cor e a c h p r e s c r i b e d mix o r f o r
s t r u c t u r a l u n i t s of s i m i l a r s i z e and s h a p e , or f o r b o t h .
8.1.4.2 The u n i t r a t e s s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f t h e p r o v i s i o r i of c o n c r e t e (made w i t h o r d i n a r y p o r t l a n d cement
u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e s c h e d u l e d ) , mixing, t e s t i n g , p l a c i n g , compacting, t h e forming of s t o p - e n d s and
u n f o r e s e e n c o n s t r u c t i o n j o i n t s , s t r i k i n g - o f f or l e v e l l i n g as a p p l i c a b l e , and c u r i n g and r e p a i r i n g where
n e c e s s a r y , t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e c o s t of a l l p a r t s o f formwork i n c o n t a c t w i t h t h e c o n c r e t e a i d t h e n e c e s s a r y
b e a r e r s , s t r u t s , and o t h e r s u p p o r t s , p l u s t h e l a y o u t and p l a n t n e c e s s a r y t o e r e c t and s t r i k e such
forinwork.

8.2 SCtlEDULED FOHMWORK ITEElS


8.2.1 Rous
-- ............................................................................... Unit: m
2
The s u r f a c e s LU be so formed w i l l be i d e n t i f i e d i n t h e s c h e d u l e .
8.2.2 _-..............................................................................
Smooth Unit: m
2
The s u r f a c e s to b e so formed w i l l b e i d e n t i f i e d i n t h e s c h e d u l e .
8.2.3 ~ - .....
-
Narrow Widths ( u p t o .................................................
nun wide) Unit: m
The c o n s t a n t w i d t h , i t i n e x c e s s of 300 mm, or t h e r a n g e of w i d t h s i f up t o 300 m m , o r w i d t h and d e p t h i n
t h e c a s e of q r o o v e s , w i l l b e s t a t e d .
8.2.4 --
Box__ Out tloles/Form Voids
l t e m s w i l l be s c h e d u l e d a s s e t o u t below:
a ) Small, c i r c u l _ a r , o f d i a m e t e r up t o and i n c l u d i n g 0,35 m
-
over and up t o and i n c l u d i n g
1) - 0 , s m deep ................................................... Unit: No.
2) 0,5 m 1,0 m d e e p ................................................... Unit: No.
3) e t c . , i n i n c r e m e n t s of 0 , s m ..................................................... Unit: No.
....................
b ) S m e l l , o t h e r tiiaii c i r c u l a r , of a r e a up t o and i n c l u d i n g 0 , l n
)- Unit: No.
Depths a s i n ( a ) above.
c ) L a r y e , c i r c u l a r , of
-___ d i a m e t e r o v e r 0.35 m and up t o and i n c l u d i n g 0,7 m ............
Unit: No.
Depths a s i n ( a ) above.
d ) Large, o t h e r th2n c i r c u l a r , of a r e a o v e r 0,l mL and up t o and i n c l u d i n g 0 , 5 mL Unit: .... No.
Depths a s i n ( a ) above.
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
that no more than five persons have concurrent
1 3 access to the standard. S A W I L U < l tiA-1982
Concrete Ismall works)

8.3 SCHEUUIXU REINFORCEMENT ITEMS ......................................................... Unit: t o r kg


8.3.1 SLeol Bars
The t y p e oL' s t e e l ( m i l d , h i y h - t e n s i l e , or o t h e r ) w i l l be s t a t e d .
8.3.2 tiigh-Terisile
- .
Welded Mesh .............................................................. Unit: m
2
The type r e f e r e n c e w ~ l bl e s t a t e d .

8.4 SCliEOULED CONCRETE ITEMS


8.4.1 P r e s c r i b e d Mix C o n c r e t e ............................................................... Unit: m
3
The p r o p o r t i o n s and t h e p o s i t i o n s or e l e m e n t s i n t h e Works w i l l b e s t a t e d .
Where t h e mix i s p r e s c r i b e d by means o f a number (see 2.4.11, t h e r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e cost of c o n c r e t e
mixed i r i t h e nominal p r o p o r t i o n s s e t o u t i n , or i n t e r p o l a t e d or e x t r a p o l a t e d from, t h e f o l l o w i n g :

I P r e s c r i b e d mix
I Cement I Sand* I stone I
riumber (Grade)
3
m kg kg m3 kg

20 1 50 2 100 4 200
15 1 50 2,5 125 5 250
10 1 50 3 150 6 300

2
8.4.2 Unit: m
Unit: m3
8.4.3
p o r t l a n d cement

8.4.4
t y p e of j i n i s h :
Unit: m
2
Unit: m

8.5 Unit: m
S e p a r a t e i t e m s w i l l b e s c h e d u l e d f o r c o n t r a c t i o n and e x p a n s i o n j o i n t s o f d i f f e r e n t t y p e s and s i z e s and
i n v o l v i n g d i f f e r e n t t y p e s , s i z e s , and q u a l i t i e s of b a t e r b a r s , s o f t b o a r d , s e a l e r s , e t c .
The u n i t r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t of a l l m a t e r i a l s and l a b o u r for t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n of e a c h j o i n t a s
s p e c i f i e d o r shown on t h e d r a w i n g s , i n c l u d i n g t h e c o s t o f formwork, t e s t i n g , and making good.

8.6 MANUFACTURE (OR SUPPLY) AND ERECT PRECAST ELEMENTS .................................... Unit: N o . or m
3
S e p a r a t e items w i l l b e s c h e d u l e d f o r d i f f e r e n t q u a l i t i e s of c o n c r e t e ; d i f f e r e n t t y p e s and s i z e s of
u n i t s ; s m a l l u n i t s n o t e x c e e d i n g O , 5 m3 o f formed c o n c r e t e ; d i f f e r e n t p o s i t i o n s of u n i t s f o r e r e c t i o n
purposes.
The r a t e s s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f t h e s u p p l y of a l l m a t e r i a l s , p l a n t , , a n d l a b o u r f o r t h e c o n c r e t e and
r e i n f o r c e m e n t i n t h e e l e m e n t s i n c l u d i n g t h e c o s t o f moulds for forming them, s p e c i a l f i n i s h e s , c u r i n g ,
t r a n s p o r t , h a n d l i n g t o S i t e , e r e c t i i i g o r b u i l d i n g i n or f i x i n g , and g r o u t i n g .

8.7 GROUTING
a ) Under b a s e s ........................................................................ Unit: m
3
Grouting under s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l column b a s e s or members, or under pumps, m o t o r s , o r o t h e r machinery, w i l l
be measured by t h e volume of y r o u t n e c e s s a r y t o f i l l t h e v o i d s and p o c k e t s between t h e t o p of t h e
c o n c r e t e f o u n d a t i o n and t h e u n d e r s i d e of t h e m e t a l w o r k .
No d e d u c t i o n w i l l b e made f o r b o l t s , p a c k e r s , and b a s e p l a t e s h e a r k e y s p r o t r u d i n g i n t o t h e g r o u t space.
b ) ______
HD b o l t s , e t c . ( s e e 8 . 8 ) ........................................................... U n i t : t o r No.
S e p a r a t e i t e m s w i l l b e s c h e d u l e d f o r H U b o l t s or p o c k e t s , a 5 a p p l i c a b l e , of d i f f e r e n t d i a m e t e r s , l e n g t h s ,
and t y p e s , and f o r b e a r i n g s and m i s c e l l a n e o u s m e t a l w o r k of d i f f e r e n t t y p e s . The q u a n t i t y w i l l be
measured by t h e volume of y r o u t n e c e s s a r y t o f i l l t h e v o i d s i n t h e c o n c r e t e . N o d e d u c t i o n w i l l b e made
f o r b o l t s and p a c k e r s p r o t r u d i n g i n t o t h e g r o u t s p a c e .
The r a t e s f o r ( a ) aiid ( b ) above s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t of s c a b b l i n g , c l e a n i n g , and p r e p a r i n g t h e c o n c r e t e
s u r f a c e s , p r o v i d i n g an approved g r o u t , p l a c i n g and ramming i t s o l i d l y i n t o a l l v o i d s and p o c k e t s , and
m i t r i n y t h e o u t s i d e e d g e s t o a t r u e wood-floated s u r f a c e .
Formwork, i f any, w i l l be measured s e p a r a t e l y i n t e r m s of 8 . 2 .

8.8 HD BOLTS AND MISCELLANEOUS METAL WORK ................................................. Unit: t


Whether t o b e s u p p l i e d by t h e C o n t r a c t o r o r by o t h e r s w i l l b e s t a t e d . S e p a r a t e i t e m s w i l l be scheduled
a s specified in 8.7(b).
The r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f s u p p l y i n g and d e l i v e r i n g o r t a k i n g d e l i v e r y ( a s a p p l i c a b l e ) , Cixing o r
c a s t i n g i n t o c o n c r e t e , arid a l l c l e a n i i i q , p r e p a r a t i o n , and f i n i s h i n g , as a p p l i c a b l e .
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
SABS 1200 GR-1982 that no more than five persons1have
4 concurrent access to the standard.
C o n c r e t e (snie11 w o r k s )

APPENDIX A . APPLICAULE STANDIIRUS

R e f e r e n c e is made to t h e l a t e s t i s s u e s of t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a n d a r d s :

SARS 82 Bending d i m e n s i o n s o f b a r s f o r c o n c r e t e r e i r i f o r c e i n e n t
SARS 4 7 1 P o r t l a n d cement ( o r d i n a r y , r a p i d - h a r d e n i n g , a n d s u l p h a t e - r e s i s t i n g )
SABS 626 P o r t l a n d b l a s t f u r n a c e cement
SABS 831 P o r t l a n d c e m e n t 1 5 aild r a p i d - h a r d e n i n g p o r t l a n d c e m e n t 15
SABS 878 Ready-mixed c o n c r e t e
SABS 920 S t e e l bars f o r c o n c r e t e r e i n f o r c e m e n t
SABS 1024 Welded s t e e l f a b r i c f o r c o n c r e t e r e i n f o r c e m e n t
SABS 1083 A g g r e g a t e s from n a t u r a l s o u r c e s
SABS 1200 A C i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n : General
SABS 1200 AA C i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g c o r i s t r u c t i o n : Gerieral (small w o r k s )
SABS 1200 D C i v i l engineering c o n s t r u c t i o n : Earthworks
SABS 1200 UA C i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n : E a r t h w o r k s (small w o r k s )
SABS 1100 G c i v i l engineering construction : Concrete ( s t r u c t u r a l )

SABS Methods 861, 862, 8 6 3

ISBN 0*626*062984

You might also like