Sans 1200 Ga
Sans 1200 Ga
Sans 1200 Ga
STANDARDIZED S P E C I F I C A T I O N
for
C I V I L E N G I N E E R I N G CONSTRUCTION
A p p r o v e d by t h e O b t a i n a b l e from t h e
COUNCIL OF THE S A BUREAU OF STANDARDS
SOUTH AFRICAN P r i v a t e B a g X191
BUREAU O F STAIJDARDS Pretoria
o n 1 7 A u g u s t 1982 0001 R e p u b l i c of South A f r i c a
T e l e g r a m s : C o m p a r a t o r , Pretoria
P u b l i s h e d and p r i n t e d i n t h e R e p u b l i c of S o u t h A f r i c a by t h e
S o u t h A f r i c a n B u r e a u of S t a n d a r d s
CONTENTS
1 . SCOPE .............................................................................. 5
2 . INTERPRETATIONS .................................................................... 5
2.1 ..........................................................
Supportiny s p e c i f i c a t i o n s 5
2.2 Application ........................................................................ 5
2.3 befillitions ........................................................................ 5
2.4 E x p l a n a t i o n of Terms ............................................................... 5
2.4.1 ............................................................
P r e s c r i b e d mix c o n c r e t e 5
2.4.2 Strenqth concrete .................................................................. 5
3 . MATERIALS ..........................................................................
.............................................................. 5
Approval of M a t e r i a l s
5
3.1
3.2 Cement ............................................................................. 6
3.2.1 .......................................................... 6
Applicable s p e c i f i c a t i o n s
3.2.2 ................................................................. 6
S t o r a g e of cemerit
3.3 Water .............................................................................. 6
3.4 Aggregates ......................................................................... 6
3.4.1 Applicable s p e c i f i c a t i o i i ........................................................... 6
3.4.2 Use of plums ....................................................................... 6
3.4.3 S t o r a g e of a g g r e g a t e s .............................................................. 6
3.5 Reinforcement ......................................................................6
3.6 Storage Capacity ................................................................... 6
3.7 Deteriorated Material .............................................................. 6
4 . PLANT ..............................................................................
G e n e r a l ............................................................................
6
6
4.1
4.2 Mixing P l a n t ....................................................................... 6
4.3 V i b r a t o r s .......................................................................... 6
4.4 formwork ........................................................................... 6
4.4.1 Design ............................................................................. 6
4.4.2 F i n i s h ............................................................................. 6
4.4.3 T i e s ............................................................................... 6
5 .5 . 1 CONSTRUCTION .......................................................................
Reinforcement ...................................................................... 6
6
CONTENTS ( c o n t i riued)
Clause .
.
.
P a g e tlumber
F i r s t R e v i s i o n A u g u s t 1982
Tliis s p e c i f i c a t i o n s u p e r s e d e s
SABS 1200 GA-1980
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
that no more than five persons have concurrent access to the standard.
SAPS 1:uu GA-13Hi
Coiicrete ( s m a l l works)
1. SCOPE
1.1 T h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n c o v e r s t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r c o n c r e t e ( p l a i n and r e i n f o r c e d ) f o r s m a l l works a s s o c i a t e d
w i t h p i p e l i n e s , r o a d s , r a i l w a y s , pump s t a t i o n s , e t c . I t covers the b a s i c materials, t h e p l a n t d i d
formwork r e q u i r e d , t h e q u a l i t y , m a n u f a c t u r e , arid c u r i n g o f c o n c r e t e , t o l e r a n c e s i n workmanship, t e s t i n g ,
and t h e methods by which t h e f i n i s h e d s t r u c t u r e i s t o b e measured f o r t h e p u r p o s e s of payment.
NOTE: The s t a n d a r d s r e f e r r e d t o i l l t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n a r e l i s t e d i n Appendix A .
2. INTERPRETATIONS
2.1 SUPPORTING SPECXFICATIONS. Where t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n i s r e q u i r e d f o r a p r o j e c t , t h e f o l l o w i n g s y e c i f i -
c a t i o n s s h a l l , i n t e r a l i a , form p a r t of t h e c o n t r a c t document:
a) Project specification;
b ) SARS 1200 A o r SABS 1200 A A , as a p p l i c a b l e ;
s l i d , i n a d d i t i o n , SABS 1 2 0 0 D o r S A F E 1200 D A , as a p p l i c a b l e , may b e r e q u i r e d .
NOTE: Reqiiirements g i v e n i n SABS 1200 ; and a p p l i c a b l e a l s o t o s m a l l works have been i n c l u d e d i n t h e
s p e c i f i c a t i o n b u t r e q u i r e m e n t s r e l a t i r i y t o d e s i g n and t o s o p h i s t i c a t e d c o n c r e t e c o n s t r u c t i o n have not
been i n c l u d e d . C e r t a i n r e q u i r e m e n t s of t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n t h a t a p p l y p a r t i c u l a r l y t o s m a l l works do not
a p p e a r i n SABS 1200 G .
SABS 1200 G and t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n s h o u l d n o t form p a r t o f t h e same c o n t r a c t .
2.2 APPLICATION, T h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n c o n t a i n s c l a u s e s t h a t a r e g e n e r a l l y a p p l i c a b l e t o s m a l l c o n c r e t e
s t r u c t u r e s f o r c i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g works. I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s and v a r i a t i o n s of t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n a r e s e t o u t
i n P o r t i o n 2 o f t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n which p r e c e d e s t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n i n a c o i i t r a c t document.
a ) General
Approved l a b o r a t o r y . A l a b o r a t o r y s u i t a b l y equipped and s t a f f e d f o r p u r p o s e s o f c o n c r e t e t e s t i n g aiid as
s u c h approved by t h e E n g i n e e r .
Cold w e a t h e r . Weather c o n d i t i o n s i n which t h e ambient t e m p e r a t u r e i s 5 OC or l e s s .
C o n c r e t e c o v e r . The t h i c k n e s s of c o n c r e t e between t h e f a c e o f t h e c o n c r e t e and t h e o u t s i d e of
reinforcing s t e e l nearest t h i s face as c a s t .
,
cool w e a t h e r . Weather c o n d i t i o n s i n which t h e ambient t e m p e r a t u r e i s h i g h e r t h a n 5 OC b u t n o t h i g h e r
t h a n 15 OC.
Formwork. Temporary works r e q u i r e d t o s u p p o r t arid s h a p e t h e c o n c r e t e f o r a s t r u c t u r e .
Normal w e a t h e r . Weather c o n d i t i o n s i t i which t h e ambient t e m p e r a t u r e is h i g h e r t h a n 1 5 OC b u t n o t h i g h e r
t h a n 3 2 OC.
b) Quality
GLade of c o n c r e t e . An i d e n t i f y i n g number f o r t h e c o n c r e t e , t h e number b e i n g n u m e r i c a l l y e q u a l t o the
s p e c i f i e d s t r e n g t h a t 2R d e x p r e s s e d i n meyapascals ( s e e 2.4.2).
P r e s c r i b e d mix c o n c r e t e . C o n c r e t e f o r which t h e E n g i n e e r h a s p r e s c r i b e d t h e mix p r o p o r t i o n s .
Heady-mixed c o n c r e t e . C o n c r e t e complying w i t h t h e r e l e v a n t r e q u i r e m e n t s of t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o i i a t i d
d e l i v e r e d on t h e S i t e i n a p l a s t i c s t a t e .
Sample (of c o n c r e t e ) . The niinimum volume of uncompacted f r e s h l y mixed c o n c r e t e r e q u i r e d i n terms of SABS
3
Method 861 f o r a d e s i g n a t e d t e s t ( e . g . 1 6 dm f o r t h e c o m p r e s s i v e s t r e n g t h t e s t f o r 3 c u b e s of nominal
side l 5 U mm) .
Strenytlr concrete. Concrete designed priniarily f o r s t r e n g t h .
W o r k .a.-b -
i l i t y . The p r o p e r t y of f r e s h c o n c r e t e t h a t d e t e r m i n e s t h e e a s e w i t h which it can b e p l a c e d and
compacted w i t h o u t s e g r e g a t i o n of t h e c o n s t i t u e n t m a t e r i a l s .
c) Strength
S p e c i f i e d streiiyLl!. The r e q u i r e d c o n c r e t e s t r e n g t h ( o r t h e s t r e n g t h c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e r e q u i r e d
c o n c r e t e g r a d e ) s t a t t v l on t h e d r a w i n g s o r i n tlie p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n , and which i n a l l c a s e s r e p r e s e n t s
t h e s t r e n y t h below which iiot more t h a n 5 % of v a l i d 28 d t e s t r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d on cubes of c o n c r e t e o f
t h e same g r a d e caii be e x p e c t e d t o f a l l . (NOTE: S p e c i f i e d s t r e n g t h is r e f e r r e d t o i n c e r t a i n d e s i g n
codes a s t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s t r e n g t h . )
V a l i d t e s t r e s u l t . The a v e r a g e r e s u l t o b t a i n e d from t h e t e s t i n g of t h r e e t e s t cubes of c o n c r e t e i n
accordance w i t h SABS Eletliod 863.
3. PIATERIALS
3.1 APPHOVAL OF I W r E R I A L S . Thp C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l s u p p l y i i i yood time t o t h e Engiiieer-, f o r h i s a p p r o v d l ,
samples of t h e a y g r e y a t e s ( a n d , i f s o o r d e r e d , of tlie w a t e r ) t h a t : he p r o p o s e s t o u s e f o r t h e c o n c r e t e ,
and s h a l l f u r n i s h evideiice t h a t t h e w a t e r and a y y r e y a t e s comply w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 3.3 and 3.4.
Evidence s t i , ~ l lbe i n thi' form of e i t h e r
a ) a s t a t e m e n t from ari cappruved l a b o r a t o r y of tire r c s u l t s of t e s t s , o r
b ) aii a u t h o r i t a t i v e r e p o r t o r r e c o r d of p r e v i o u s e x p e r i e n c e .
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
SABS 1 2 0 0 ( ; A - l Y t i 2 that no more than five persons6 have concurrent access to the standard.
C u n c r e t e ( s m a l l works)
3.2 CENENT
3.2.1 A p p l i c a b l e S p e c i f i c a t i r m s . Cement and b l e n d s o f p o r t l a n d cemen': and m i l l e d g r a n u l a t e d b l a s t f u r n a c e s l a y
( s e e SABS 626) s h a l l be of t h e t y p e s c h e d u l e d or s t a t e d on t h e d r a w i n g s , and s h a l l comply w i t h t h e
relevniit. r e q u i rerneiit B of t h e f 01 l o w ing s p c c i f i c a t i o n s :
SAliS 4 7 1 P o r t l a n d cement ( o r d i n a r y , r a p i d - h a r d e n i n g , and s u l p l i s t e - r e s i s t i n g )
SARS 6 2 6 P o r t l a n d b l a s t f u r n a c e cemerit
SAUS E 3 1 P o r t l a n d ceinent 1 5 and r a p i d - h a r d e n i n g p o r t l a n d cement 1 5
3.2.2 S t o r a g e of Cement. S e p a r a t e s t o r a g e f a c i l i t i e s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d on t h e S i t e f o r e a c h t y p e of cement
used.
Cement t h a t i s s t u r e d o n S i t e s h a l l b e k e p t under c o v e r t h a t p r o v i d e s p r o p e r p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t m o i s t u r e
and o t h e r f a c t o r s t h a t may promote d e t e r i o r a t i o n .
3.4 AGGREGATES
3.4.1 W l i c a b l e Specification. Both t h e c o a r s e a g g r e g a t e ( s t o n e ) and t h e f i n e a g g r e g a t e ( s a n d ) s h a l l comply
w i t h t h e r e l e v a n t r e q u i r e m e n t s o f SABS 1083.
3.4.2 ______
Use of Plums. Where plums a r e r e q u i r e d t o b e u s e d , o r a r e p e r m i t t e d , t h e y s h a l l
a ) be h a r d , c l e a i i s t o n e 0 : mass 15-55 kg;
b ) c o n s t i t u t e n o t more t h a n 2 0 X of t h e volume o f t h e Concrete;
c ) have no a d h e r i n g f i l m o r c o a t i n g ;
d ) have no d i m e u s i o n g r e a t e r t h a n 3 0 0 rnm or o n e - t h i r d of t h e smcillest dimension o f t h e c o n c r e t e member,
whichever is l e s s ;
e ) each b e s u r r o u n d e d by c o n c r e t e o f d e p t h a t l e a s t 00 mm; and
f ) have an a g g r e g a t e c r u s h i n g v a l u e a t l e a s t e q u a l t o t h a t s p e c i f i e d f o r c o a r s e a g g r e g a t e i n SABS 1083.
3.4.3 S t o r a g e of A g g r e g a t e s . A g g r e g a t e s o f d i f f e r e n t nominal s i z e s s h a l l b e s t u r e d s e p a r a t e l y and i n s u c h a
way t h a t s e g r e y a t i o n i s minimized. l n t e r m i x i n g of d i f f e r e n t m a t e r i a l s and c o n t a m i n a t i o n by f o r e i g n
matter s h a l l be avoided.
4. PLANT
4.1 GENERAL. A l l p l a i i t s h a l l be m a i n t a i n e d i n good working o r d e r .
4.4 FORMWORK
4.4.1 Design. Formwork s h a l l be so d e s i g n e d and c o n s t r u c t e d t h a t t h e c o n c r e t e can be p r o p e r l y p l a c e d and
compacted and t h a t , s u b j e c t t o t h e t o l e r a n c e s s p e c i f i e d i n 6 . 2 - 6 . 4 i n c l u s i v e , t h e r e q u i r e d s h a p e s ,
f i n i s h e s , p o s i t i o n s , l e v e l s , and d i m e n s i o n s shown on t h e d r a w i n q s a r e m a i n t a i n e d .
The fvrniwork and j o i n t s s h a l l b e c a p a b l e of r e s i s t i n g t h e dead Load, i n c l u d i n g t h e p r e s s u r e e x e r t e d b)*
t h e w e t c o n c r e t e , witid f o r c e s , and a l l o t h e r superimposed l o a d s and f o r c e s .
4.4.2 --
F i n i s h . The q u a l i t y of t h e f i n i s h e d s u r f a c e of t h e c o n c r e t e s h i i l l be a s s c h e d u l e d o r shown o n t h e
drewiiiys o r a s r e q u i r e d i n terms of t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n (tee 5.2.1).
4.4.3 --
T i e s . The t y p e s of t i e s used s h a l l h e s u c h t h a t t h e r e q u i r e d f ~ n i s hi s a c h i e v e d and w i l l n o t b e marred
by s u b s e q u e n t c o r r o s i o n of t h e t i e s .
5. CONSTRUCTION
5.1 REINFORCEMENT
5.1.1 --_
Bending. R e i n f o r c i n g b a r s s h a l l b e b e f i t t o t h e d i m e n s i o n s shown on t h e d r a w i n g s and i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h
SADS 82.
A l l b a r s s h a l l be b e n t c o l d and bending s h a l l b e done s l o w l y , a s t e a d y , even p r e s s u r e b e i n g used w i t h o u t
j e r k or impact.
5.1.2 ----_
Eixiilg. S t e e l s h a l l , a t t h e time of t h e p l a c i n g o f t h e c o n c r e t e , b e f r e e from l o o s e or powdery r u s t ,
s c a l e , o i l , and o t h e r c o a t i n g s t h a t may reduce t h e bond between s t e e l aiid s u r r o u n d i n g c o n c r e t e , a f f e c t
t h e d u r a b i l i t y o f th,. c o n c r e t e , o r i n i t i a t e c o r r o s i o n of t h e r e i n f o r c e m e n t . I f any s u b s t a n c e o t h e r t h a n
water is used f o r 1 u b r i r . a t i n g t h e Cormwork, e v e r y p r e c a u t i o n s h a l l b e t a k e n t o a v o i d c o n t a n i i n a t i o t i of t h e
reiiltorceroent by such s i l l s t a n c e .
Reinforcement s l i a l l b e p o s i t i o n e d a s shown on t h e d r a w i n g s arid m a i n t a i n e d i n p o s i t i o n . I t s h a l l be
s e c u r e d a g a i n s t d i s p l a c e m e n t by t y i n g a t i i i t e r s e c t i o n s w i t h a n n e a l e d w i r e o f nominal d i a m e t e r 1 , 6 mm o r
1,25 mm or b y t h e u s e of a c c e p t a b l e c l i p o r , i f p e r m i t t e d b y tile E n g i n e e r , h y w e l d i n g . Reinforcemeiit
s h a l l b e s u p p o r t e d i n i t s c c x r e c t p o s i t i o n by meaiis of h a n g e r s o r s a d d l e s , and a l i g n e d by means o f c h a i r s
and s p a c e r s of approved rlesiyn.
SUpportiiiy s t e e l t o approved d e s i g n w i l l b e added t o t h e r e i n f o r c i n g s c h e d u l e by t h e Eiiyineer. Other
suyportiriy m a t e r i a l s s h a l l b e s u b j e c t t o p r i o r a p p r o v a l .
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
that no more than five persons have concurrent access to the standard.
7
5.1.3 -
Cover. The c o v e r of coiicrt=te o v e r r e l i i f o r c e m e n t , o t l i e r t h a n o v e r r a i l o r s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l reiriCcrccnient,
s h a l l be a t
l e a s t 30 m m , u t i l c s s shown o t h e r w i s e 0 1 1 t h e d r a w i n g s .
Cover wver r a i l arid s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l r e i n f o r c e m e n t s h a l l b e a t l e a s t 80 nun, u n l e s s shown o t h e r w i s e on t h e
drawings.
5.2 FOWIWORK
5.2.1 C l a s s i f i c a t i v n o f Finis+. Formwork w i l l b e c l a s s i f i e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e s u r f a c e c o n d i t i o n
r e q u i r e d on t h e f i n i s h e d c o n c r e t e . Such s u r f a c e c o n d i t i o n s a r e c l a s s i f i e d a s rough o r smooth, a s
f o l l o w s , and w i l l b e so s c h e d u l e d :
a ) N.No t r e a t m e n t of t h e s u r f a c e of t h e c o n c r e t e w i l l be r e q u i r e d a f t e r t h e s t r i k i n g o f t h e
formwork.
b ) Smooth. I m p e r f e c t i o n s such a s s m a l l f i t i s , b u l g e s , i r r e g u l a r i t i e s , s u r f a c e honeycombing, and
u n a c c e p t a b l e s u r f a c e d i s c o l o r a t i o n s s h a l l be made good and r e p a i r e d by approved methods.
The f i n i s h e d d i m e n s i o n s of t h e c o n c r e t e f o r b o t h rough and smooth formwork s h a l l be w i t h i n t h e a p p l i c a b l e
t o l e r a n c e s s p e c i f i e d i n Clause 6.
5.2.2 P r e p a r a t i o n of Formwork. Forms s h a l l b e e r e c t e d w i t h j o i n t s t i g h t enough t o p r e v e n t l e a k a g e of cement
mortar.
S u r f a c e s or forms ( r e g a r d l e s s of t h e m a t e r i a l of which t h e y a r e made) t h a t a r e t o be i n c o n t a c t w i t h
f r e s h ( w e t ) c o n c r e t e s h a l l be t r e a t e d w i t h a c o a t of a n o n - s t a i n i n g m i n e r a l o i l o r o t h e r approved
m a t e r i a l o r , o n l y i n t h e c a s e of t i m b e r forms, by t h o r o u g h w e t t i n g o f t h e s u r f d c e s w i t h w a t e r so a s t o
eiisure e a s y r e l e a s e and pirc?vent adhesioti of t h e t o r m w o r k d u r i n g s t r i p p i n g .
5.2.3 Removal of Formwork
5.2.3.1 Formwork s h a l l n o t b e removed b e f o r e t h e c o n c r e t e h a s a t t a i n e d s u f f i c i e n t s t r e n y t h t o s u p p o r t i t s own
w e i g h t and any l o a d s t h a t may be imposed on i t . T h i s r e q u i r e m e n t s h a l l b e assumed t o mean t h a t u n l e s s
o t h e r w i s e a g r e e d between t h e E n g i n e e r and t h e C o n t r a c t o r b e f o r e t h e s t a r t of c o n c r e t i n g , t h e foimwork i s
t o remain i l l p l a c e , a f t e r t h e p l a c i n g of t h e c o n c r e t e , f o r t h e a p p r o p r i a t e minimum p e r i o d of t i m e s e t o u t
i n T a b l e 1.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Type of s t r u c t u r a l
member o r formwork
Portland , Rapid-hardening
*I Blastfurnace
Weather
- - -
H o t or Hot or
NOtXldl Cool Cold Normal coo1 Cool :old
- -
a ) tlass c o r x r e t e , w a l l s , beam s i d e s
and columns ................... 0,75 + 1,s 0,s + 4
416
b ) S l a b s w i t h p r o p s l e f t under-
neath ......................... 4 i l 2 + 10
c ) Beam s o f f i t s w i t h p r o p s l e f t
u n d e r n e a t h , arid r i b s of a
ribbed-floor construction ..... 7 + 12 3 + 17
d) Slab props ) 10 + 17 5 + 17
) including
e ) Beam p r o p s ) canLilevers 14 + 21 7 + 21
-
* S h o r t e r p e r i o d s may he used f o r s e c t i o n s of t h i c k l i e s s 300 mm o r more.
+ I n c o o l weather ( s e e 2 . 3 ( a ) , s t r i p p i n g t i m e s s h a l l be d e t e r m i n e d by i n t e r p o l a t i o n between t h e
p e r i o d s s p e c i f i e d f o r normal and c o l d w e a t h e r .
5.4 CONCRETE
5.4.1 &?2.!JY
5.4.1.1 G e n e r a l . C o n c r e t e s h a l l comply w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f u r s t r e n g t h c o n c r e t e ( s e e 5 . 4 . 1 . 5 ) or f o r
p r e s c r i b e d mix c o n c r e t e ( s e e 5 . 4 . 1 . 4 1 , a s a p p l i c a b l e . The t y p e s of a g y r e g a t e s and cement s h a l l n o t be
a l t e r e d d u r i n g t h e c u r r e n c y of t h e c o n t r a c t w i t h o u t p r i o r a p p r o v a l .
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
5iib.5 1200 GA-lOti2 that no more than five persons
ii have concurrent access to the standard.
Concrete (small w o r k s )
5.4.1.2 Corisisteiic)'. The s l u e i p , iiieasured i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h SAtiS Method 8 6 2 , s h a l l b e w i t h i n tile limits yiveii 111
Table 2 a p p r o p r i a t e t o t h e t y p e of c o i i s t r u c t i o n , o r w i t h i n s u c h o t h e r l i m i t s a s may b e r e q u i r e d by t h e
Engineer , i f t e r r e c e i p t of t h e C o n t r a c t o r ' s d e s i g n f o r s t r e i i g t h c o n c r e t e , i f any, i i i t e r m s of 5 . 4 . 1 . 5 .
1 2 3 4I 5
- 1
Hand-placed Vibrated
Type of c o n s t r u c t i o n
Min.
--
Max . Min.
- --
Paving and p r e c a s t u n i t s ........... 70 50 50 30
R e i n f o r c e d f o u i i d a t i o u w a l l s and
footings ......................... 120 50 80 30
S l a b s and i n d u s t r i a l f l o o r s on
ground ............................. 120 70 80 50
P l a i n f o o t i n g s and s u b s t r u c t u r e
walls .............................. 100 30 60 20
- --
5.4.1.3 WorkabiliQ. The c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e of s u c h w o r k a b i l i t y t h a t it can b e r e a d i l y compacted i n t o t h e c o r n e r s
of t h e formwork and around r e i n f o r c e m e n t w i t h o u t s e g r e g a t i o n of t h e m a t e r i a l s or e x c e s s i v e b l e e d i n g of
free water a t the surface.
5.4.1.4 P r e s c r i b e d niix c o n c r e t e . The E n g i n e e r w i l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e d e s i g n of p r e s c r i b e d mix c o n c r e t e arid
___
f o r d e t e r m i n i n g t h e p r o p o r t i o n s of t h e c o n s t i t u e n t m a t e r i a l s . 'I'he C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l p r o v i d e , on t h e S i t e ,
c o n c r e t e of t h e s p e c i f i e d m a t e r i a l s and i n t h e p r o p o r t i o n s giver1 by t h e E n g i n e e r .
The E n g i n e e r w i l l s p e c i f y t h e f o l l o w i n g i n r e s p e c t o f p r e s c r i b e e , mix c o n c r e t e f o r e a c h s e c t i o n of t h e
I
work:
a ) The maximum norniiial s i z e o f c o a r s e a g g r e y a t e , i n m i l l i m e t r e s , and i t s p r o p o r t i o n i n t h e mix;
b ) t h e p r o p o r t i o n of f i n e a g g r e g a t e i n t h e mix;
c ) t h e t y p e arid p r o p o r t i o n o f cement i r i t h e mix;
d ) t h e slump, i i i m i l l i m e t r e s .
5.4.1.5 S t r e i i y t h c o i i c r e t e . The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the d e s i g n of s t r e n g t h c o n c r e t e and t h e
s u b m i s s i o n of t e s t c u b e s t o a n approved l a b o r a t o r y , and f o r t h e measurement of t h e c o n s t i t u e n t m a t e r i a l s
t o produce c o n c r e t e t h a t c o m p l i e s w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s s p e c i f i e d by t h e E n g i n e e r .
The Enginner w i l l s p e c i f y t h e f o l l o w i n g i n r e s p e c t of s t r e n g t h c o n c r e t e f o r e a c h s e c t i o n of t h e work:
a ) The g r a d e of c o n c r e t e alid p o s i t i o n on t h e Works;
b ) t h e maximum iiominal s i z e o f c o a r s e a g g r e g a t e , i n m i l l i m e t r e s .
5.4.1.6 -
Ready-mixed -_____
c o n c r e t e . I f a c c e p t a b l e , c o n c r e t e may b e d e l i v e r e d ready-mixed t o t h e S i t e , and t h e Eiiyineer
w i l l a d v i s e whether t h e t e s t r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d by t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r a s p a r t of h i s q u a l i t y c o n t r o l system
a r e a c c e p t a b l e when e v a l u a t e d i n terms o f 7.3.
5.4.2 Batchiiig
5.4.2.1 Cement. The mass of cemciit s u p p l i e d i n a s t a n d a r d s a c k s h a l l b e assumed t o b e 50 kg. A l l cement t a k e n
from p a r t l y used s a c k s s h a l l b e b a t c h e d by mass t o a n a c c u r a c y of w i t h i n 2 X of t h e mass r e q u i r e d .
5.4.2.2 W. Mixing w a t e r for e a c h b a t c h s h a l l b e measured. The amount of w a t e r measured s h a l l be a d j u s t e d t o
a l l o w f o r t h e m o i s t u r e c o i i t e n t of t h e a g g r e g a t e s .
5.4.2.3 Aggregates. I f b a t c h i i i y i s by volume, t h e f i n e and c o a r s e aggretgates s h a l l b e measured s e p a r a t e l y i n
s u i t a b l e measuring I J O X ~ Sof known volume and of s u c h c a p a c i t y t h a t t h e q u a n t i t i e s o f a g g r e g a t e s f u r each
b a t c h a r e s u i t a b l e f o i d i r e c t t r a n s f e r i n t o t h e m i x e r . Adjustrnonts t o t h e b a t c h volume of f i i i e a g y r e q a t e
may b e r e q u i r e d by t h e Eiiyirieer t o a l l o w f o r v a r i a t i o n s i n t h e m o i s t u r e c o n t e n t .
5.4.3 Mixiilg. T h e f o l l o w i n q r e q u i r e m e i i t s shal.1 a p p l y to t h e mixing o f c o n c r e t e :
a ) Mixing of m a t e r i a l s f o r c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e conducted by an e x p e r i e n c e d o p e r a t o r .
b ) The sequence of c h a r g i n g s h a l l have been approved and, u n l e s s o t h e r i n s t r u c t i o n s a r e g i v e n , t h a t
sequerice s h a l l be m a i n t a i n e d .
c.) The volume o f t h e mixed m a t e r i a l p e r b a t c h s h a l l n o t exceed t.he r a t e d c a p a c i t y of t h e mixer.
d ) A l l c o n c r e t e s h a l l be mixed u n t i l t h e r e i s a uniform d i s t r i b u t i o n of m a t e r i a l s a s b o r n e o u t by a
uniform c o l o u r and c o n s i s t e n c y . The minimum mixing time s h a l l b e 1,s min.
e ) ConcreLe s h a l l n o t rmiaiii i n t h e mixer f o r more t h a n 1 h.
f ) Where a i i i c r e t e i s d e l i v e r e d t o t h c S i t e ready mixed, t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s of S A H S 8 7 8 s h a l l a p p l y .
5.4.4 -_____
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n . Mixed c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e d i s c h a r g e d from t h e mixer arid t r a n s p o r t e d t o i t s f i n a l p o s i t i o n
i r i such J manner t h a t s a y r e y a t i o i i , loss of i n g r e d i e n t s , and a d u L t e r a t i o n a r e p r e v e n t e d and t h a t t h e mix
is of t h e r e q u i r e d w o r k a b i l i t y a t t h e p o i n t and t i m e of p l a c i n g .
5.4.5 -
P l- acing
5.4.5.1 The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l g i v e tlie Engineer a d e q u a t e n o t i c e of h i s i r i t e r i t i o n t o p l a c e c o n c r e t e . The c o n c r e t e
s h a l l be p l a c e d w i t h i n 1 h o f t h e time o f i t s d i s c h a r g e from t h e m i x e r . C o i i c r e t e sliall n o t be
re-tempered by t h e a d d i t i o n of w a t e r or any o t h e r m a t e r i a l . The? Sorms t o b e f i l l e d s h a l l be c l e a n
i n t e r n a l l y . All e x c a v a t i o n s and o t h e r s u r f a c e s of an a b s o r b e n t i i a t u r e t h a t a r e t o come i l l t o c o n t a c t w i t h
concrete s h a l l tie clnrnpPtipd w i t h w a C p r . There s h a l l b e 110 f r e e w a t e r on t h e c o n t a c t s u r f a c e s .
5.4.5.2 Wherever p o s s i b l e , t h e c o n c r e t e s h a l l b e d e p o s i t e d v e r t i c a l l y ii1i.o i t s f i n a l p o s i t i o n t o avoid
s e g r e g a t i o n o r displaccrrient of r e i n f o r c e m e n t and o t h e r i t e m s t h a t , a r e t o b e embedded.
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
that no more than five persons have concurrent
9 access to the standard. 5 t i E S 1 ~ ' l J i I Ch'~-l'3t~2
C o n c r e t e ( s m a l l works)
6. TC)I,I:RANCES
6.1 BASIS OF NEASUREMENT
6.1.1 G e n e r a l . P e r m i s s i b l e d e v i a t i o n s w i l l opply i n t h e c a s e of l i n e a r d i m e n s i o n s , p o s i t i o i i , and l e v e l . The
C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l c o i ~ s t r u c teach of t h e v a r i o u s p a r t s o f t h e Works w i t h i n t h e l i m i t s of t h e a p p l i c a b l e
p e r m i s s i b l e d e v i a t i o n s s e t o u t i n 6.4 f o r Degree of Accuracy 111, u n l e s s some o t h e r d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y i s
r e q u i r e d i n terms o f t h e p r o l e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n o r is shown on t h e d r a w i n g s .
6.1.2 Methods of Measurement oE U e v i a t i o n s . C e r t a i n d e v i a t i o n s w i l l b e measured a s s e t o u t below:
a ) A n y d e v i a t i o n f r o m f l a t n e s s of a p l a n e s u r f a c e w l l l b e measured a s t h e maximum d e v i a t i o n o f t h e
s u r f a c e f r n m any s t r a i g h t l i n e of l e n g t h 3 m j o i n i n g two p o i n t s o n t h e s u r f a c e , d e t e r m i n e d by means of a
s t r a i g h t - e d g e t h e e n d s of which a r e s u p p o r t e d on i d e n t i c a l b l o c k s of s u i t a b l e t h i c k n e s s p l a c e d one over
e a c h of t h e p o i n t s .
b ) Any a b r u p t change i n a coiitinuous S u r f a c e , i n c l u d i n g a l o c a l d e p r e s s i o r i or peak i n a f l o o r o r w a l l ,
and any a b r u p t change caused by a j o i n t . i i i formwork, w i l l b e measured a s s p e c i f i e d i n ( a ) above.
c ) O u t - o f - s q u a r e n e s s o f a c o r n e r or an opening or an e l e m e n t such a s a column w i l l b e measured by t a k i n g
t h e l o n g e r of two a d j a c e n t s i d e s a s t h e b a s e l i n e , and d e t e r m i n i n g any d e p a r t u r e from t h e p e r p e n d i c u l a r
o f t h e s i d e a t e i t h e r end of t h i s b a s e l i n e .
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
that no more than five persons have concurrent access to the standard.
SABS lL0U (;A-1982 1U
C o n c r e t e ( s m a l l works)
Permissible deviation
Degree o f a c c u r a c y
111 I1 1 -
m m -
mm
.........
L i n e a r dimension on p l a n c a s t a g a i n s t e x c a v a t i o n s i d e s t 60
- -t 40
.................
L i n e a r d i m e i ~ s i o n011 p l a n c a s t a g a i i i s t formwork __t 30 t 20
1,evel of u n d e r s i d e of c o n c r e t e ................................. - 4 0 +20 -30 t 1 5
.
S u r f a c e l e v e l ( i . e . t o p of f o u n d a t i o n ) ( e x c l u d i n g f l o o r s l a b s ) -30 t 1 5 -20 +10 *
Elements o r components above f o u n d a t i o n s
P o s i t i o n on p l a n of any edge o r s u r f a c e from t h e n e a r e s t ¶:rid
l i n e or a g r e e d c e n t r e l i n e ..................................... -t 25 t 15
- t
7. TESTS
7.1 FACILITIES AND FRI.;QUENCY OF SAMPLING
7.1.1 F a c i l i t i e s . The E n g i n e e r s h a l l have f r e e a c c e s s t o t h e w o r k fo.r t a k i n g samples and c a r r y i n g o u t t e s t s .
The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l r e n d e r a n y a s s i s t a n c e n e c e s s a r y . I f so r e q u i r e d , t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l p r o v i d e
s t o r a g e and p r o t e c t i o n f o r s u c h samples o n t h e S i t e .
In a d d i t i o n , t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l p r o v i d e slump c o n e s and t h e moulds r e q u i r e d f o r c o m p r e s s i v e s t r e ~ i q t h
t e s t i n g i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h S A B S Method 8 6 3 i n s u f f i c i e n t q u a n t i t i e s t o e n a b l e t h e f r e q u e n c y of sampling
and t e s t i n q- r e q.u i r e d i n t e r m s of 7.1.2 and 7 . 2 t o b e a c h i e v e d .
7.1.2 Frequency of Sampling
7.1.2.1 S u b i e c t t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 7 . 1 . 2 . 3 , w h i l e c o n c r e t e of a p a r t i c u l a r q r a d e and i n s u f f i c i e n t a u a n t i t v
is being p l a c e d u n d e r t h e same c o n d i t i o n s , s e t s of samples ( e a c h sample ( s e e 2.3) b e i n g s u f f i c i e n t f o r
3 c u b e s , bc=ms, c y l i n d e r s , or p r i s m s , a s r e l e v a n t ) s h a l l be t a k e n u n t i l 30 v a l i d t e s t r e s u l t s have been
o b t a i n e d . The> s e t s of samples s h a l l b e t a k e n i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h SABS Nethod 8 6 1 , for example, a s c l o s e
a s i s p r a c t i c a b l e t o t h e s t a r t o f p l a c i n g and a t a p p r o p r i a t e i n t e r v a l s a f t e r t h a t , o r from one p a r t i c u l a r
b a t c h and t h e n from s u b s e q u e n t b a t c h e s chosen a t a p p r o p r i a t e i n t e r v a l s .
7.1.2.2 Frequency of sampling s h a l l , w i t h due r e g a r d t o t h e importance o f t h e work and t h e e v e n t u a l a s s e s s m e n t of
t e s t r e s u l t s , b e programmed oil t h e b a s i s of c o i ~ s i d e r a t i o n s s u c h a s whether a t e s t p e r t a i n s t o a
p a r t i c u l a r s e c t i o n of work o n l y o r t o t h e o v e r a l l q u a l i t y o f c o r i c r e t e i n t h e s t r u c t u r e .
7.1.2.3 Only one s e t of samples s h a l l be drawn from any one b a t c h o f c o ! : i c r e t e , and e x c e p t where o t h e r w i s e
o r d e r e d , no sample s h d l l b e t a k e n o f any g r a d e u n t i l a t l e a s t 3 b a t c h e s of such g r a d e have been mixed and
discharged.
7.2 TESTI~IG
7.2.1 G e n e r a l . A l l t e s t i n y s h a l l b e c a r r i e d o u t i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e methods r e f e r r e d t o i n t h e s p e c i f i c a -
t i o n o r i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h s u c h o t h e r methods as a r e s p e c i f i e d i n t h e p r o j e c t s i ' e c i f i c a t i o n .
7.2.2 L a b o r a t o r y T e s t i n g . L a b o r a t o r y t e s t i n g s h a l l b e c a r r i e d o u t b y a r e c o g n i z e d t e s t i n g i n s t i t u t i o n o r an
approved l a b o r a t o r y or a f i r m approved by t h e E n y i n e e r .
7.2.3 -
E a r l .y. -
- S t r e n g t h T e s t i n g . Whereas t h e c r i t e r i a f o r c o n c r e t e s t r e n g t h i n t h e s p e c i f i c a t l o n a r e b a s e d on
samples t e s t e d a t t h e age of 2 8 d o n l y , any p l a n for e a r l y - s t r e n y t h t e s t i n g s h a l l b e a s a g r e e d between
t h e C o n t r a c t o r and t h e E n g i n e e r . E a r l y - s t r e n g t h t e s t r e s u l t s may b e used for e a r l y r e m e d i a l m e a s u r e s
such a s t h e changing o f t h e mix d e s i g n , i f n e c e s s a r y , b u t s h a l l n o t b e used f o r a s s e s s m e n t of s t r e n g t h i n
terms of 7 . 3 .
This standard is exclusively for Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality for use on a shared file server. Under the copyright agreement
entered into, Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality may make five (5) printouts of the standard and must see to it
that no more than five persons have concurrent access to the standard. Si\HS 1 2 O U GA-l'!tl2
11
Coiicrete ( s m a l l works)
Angle of i n c l i n a t i o n Lrom t h e
vertical
Battered Not e x c e e d i n g 10
Vertical o o
Maximum c r o s s - s e c t i o n
Description
diameter, m
Small
I P r e s c r i b e d mix
I Cement I Sand* I stone I
riumber (Grade)
3
m kg kg m3 kg
20 1 50 2 100 4 200
15 1 50 2,5 125 5 250
10 1 50 3 150 6 300
2
8.4.2 Unit: m
Unit: m3
8.4.3
p o r t l a n d cement
8.4.4
t y p e of j i n i s h :
Unit: m
2
Unit: m
8.5 Unit: m
S e p a r a t e i t e m s w i l l b e s c h e d u l e d f o r c o n t r a c t i o n and e x p a n s i o n j o i n t s o f d i f f e r e n t t y p e s and s i z e s and
i n v o l v i n g d i f f e r e n t t y p e s , s i z e s , and q u a l i t i e s of b a t e r b a r s , s o f t b o a r d , s e a l e r s , e t c .
The u n i t r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t of a l l m a t e r i a l s and l a b o u r for t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n of e a c h j o i n t a s
s p e c i f i e d o r shown on t h e d r a w i n g s , i n c l u d i n g t h e c o s t o f formwork, t e s t i n g , and making good.
8.6 MANUFACTURE (OR SUPPLY) AND ERECT PRECAST ELEMENTS .................................... Unit: N o . or m
3
S e p a r a t e items w i l l b e s c h e d u l e d f o r d i f f e r e n t q u a l i t i e s of c o n c r e t e ; d i f f e r e n t t y p e s and s i z e s of
u n i t s ; s m a l l u n i t s n o t e x c e e d i n g O , 5 m3 o f formed c o n c r e t e ; d i f f e r e n t p o s i t i o n s of u n i t s f o r e r e c t i o n
purposes.
The r a t e s s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f t h e s u p p l y of a l l m a t e r i a l s , p l a n t , , a n d l a b o u r f o r t h e c o n c r e t e and
r e i n f o r c e m e n t i n t h e e l e m e n t s i n c l u d i n g t h e c o s t o f moulds for forming them, s p e c i a l f i n i s h e s , c u r i n g ,
t r a n s p o r t , h a n d l i n g t o S i t e , e r e c t i i i g o r b u i l d i n g i n or f i x i n g , and g r o u t i n g .
8.7 GROUTING
a ) Under b a s e s ........................................................................ Unit: m
3
Grouting under s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l column b a s e s or members, or under pumps, m o t o r s , o r o t h e r machinery, w i l l
be measured by t h e volume of y r o u t n e c e s s a r y t o f i l l t h e v o i d s and p o c k e t s between t h e t o p of t h e
c o n c r e t e f o u n d a t i o n and t h e u n d e r s i d e of t h e m e t a l w o r k .
No d e d u c t i o n w i l l b e made f o r b o l t s , p a c k e r s , and b a s e p l a t e s h e a r k e y s p r o t r u d i n g i n t o t h e g r o u t space.
b ) ______
HD b o l t s , e t c . ( s e e 8 . 8 ) ........................................................... U n i t : t o r No.
S e p a r a t e i t e m s w i l l b e s c h e d u l e d f o r H U b o l t s or p o c k e t s , a 5 a p p l i c a b l e , of d i f f e r e n t d i a m e t e r s , l e n g t h s ,
and t y p e s , and f o r b e a r i n g s and m i s c e l l a n e o u s m e t a l w o r k of d i f f e r e n t t y p e s . The q u a n t i t y w i l l be
measured by t h e volume of y r o u t n e c e s s a r y t o f i l l t h e v o i d s i n t h e c o n c r e t e . N o d e d u c t i o n w i l l b e made
f o r b o l t s and p a c k e r s p r o t r u d i n g i n t o t h e g r o u t s p a c e .
The r a t e s f o r ( a ) aiid ( b ) above s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t of s c a b b l i n g , c l e a n i n g , and p r e p a r i n g t h e c o n c r e t e
s u r f a c e s , p r o v i d i n g an approved g r o u t , p l a c i n g and ramming i t s o l i d l y i n t o a l l v o i d s and p o c k e t s , and
m i t r i n y t h e o u t s i d e e d g e s t o a t r u e wood-floated s u r f a c e .
Formwork, i f any, w i l l be measured s e p a r a t e l y i n t e r m s of 8 . 2 .
R e f e r e n c e is made to t h e l a t e s t i s s u e s of t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a n d a r d s :
SARS 82 Bending d i m e n s i o n s o f b a r s f o r c o n c r e t e r e i r i f o r c e i n e n t
SARS 4 7 1 P o r t l a n d cement ( o r d i n a r y , r a p i d - h a r d e n i n g , a n d s u l p h a t e - r e s i s t i n g )
SABS 626 P o r t l a n d b l a s t f u r n a c e cement
SABS 831 P o r t l a n d c e m e n t 1 5 aild r a p i d - h a r d e n i n g p o r t l a n d c e m e n t 15
SABS 878 Ready-mixed c o n c r e t e
SABS 920 S t e e l bars f o r c o n c r e t e r e i n f o r c e m e n t
SABS 1024 Welded s t e e l f a b r i c f o r c o n c r e t e r e i n f o r c e m e n t
SABS 1083 A g g r e g a t e s from n a t u r a l s o u r c e s
SABS 1200 A C i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n : General
SABS 1200 AA C i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g c o r i s t r u c t i o n : Gerieral (small w o r k s )
SABS 1200 D C i v i l engineering c o n s t r u c t i o n : Earthworks
SABS 1200 UA C i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n : E a r t h w o r k s (small w o r k s )
SABS 1100 G c i v i l engineering construction : Concrete ( s t r u c t u r a l )
ISBN 0*626*062984