New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5B

7 Equations of Circles
 Consolidation Exercise 7C
[When giving answers in this exercise, (i) express the equations of straight lines in the general form,
(ii) leave the radical sign ‘√’ in the answers if necessary.]

Level 1
Without finding the coordinates of the points of intersection, find the number of points of intersection of
circle C and straight line L in each of the following. [Nos. 1–4]
1. C: x2 + y2 = 24, L: x = 5 2. C: (x  2)2 + (y  3)2 = 16, L: x + y = 1

3. C: x2 + y2 + 2x  4y  13 = 0, L: y = x  3 4. C: x2 + y2 + 6x  9 = 0, L: 2x + y + 5 = 0

Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of circle C and straight line L in each of the following.
[Nos. 5–10]
5. C: x2 + y2 = 8, L: y = x 6. C: x2 + y2 = 34, L: y = x  2

7. C: (x  4)2 + y2 = 9, L: y = 3 8. C: (x  1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 4, L: x = 2y

9. C: x2 + y2 + 4x  6y + 3 = 0, L: y = 3x  5 10. C: x2 + y2 + 7y  9 = 0, L: y  2x + 1 = 0

In each of the following, determine whether the straight line L is a tangent to the circle C. [Nos. 11–12]
11. C: x2 + y2 = 32, L: y = x + 8 12. C: x2 + y2 + 2x = 0, L: x = 3y

In each of the following, G is the centre and P is a point on the circle. Find the equation of the tangent L to
each circle at P. [Nos. 13–15]
13. 14. 15.
Q(7 GPQ is a straight line.
P is the mid-point of GQ.
G(4 P
16. The equation of a circle with centre G is x2 + y2  8x + 2y + 15 = 0.
(a)P(1G(2A(3 , 2)
Does
L
lie on the circle? Explain your answer.
(b) G(3
Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at A.
17. In the figure, Q(7 , 1) and R(1 , 5) are the end points of a diameter of
P(8
the
L circle. The straight line L touches the circle at P(6 , 6). Find the P(6
equation ofL L. R(1

Q(7
18. The circle C: (x  7) + (y  3) = 18 cuts the x-axis at P(k1 , 0) and Q(k2 , 0), where k1 < k2. Denote the
2 2

centre of C by G.
(a) Find the coordinates of P and Q.
(b) If the straight lines L1 and L2 are the tangents to C at P and Q respectively, find the equations of L1
and L2.

19. The straight line L: y = kx  3 touches the circle C: (x + 2)2 + y2 = 13. Find the value of k.

20. The straight line L: y = 2x + k touches the circle C: x2 + y2  6x + 4y  7 = 0. Find the values of k.

21. The straight line L: y = x  7 is a tangent to the circle C: x2 + y2 + 8x + 6y  k = 0, where k > 0. Find the
value of k.

Level 2

© Oxford University Press 2015 7.1 Consolidation Exercise 5B07

22. In each of the following, the straight line L and the circle C do not intersect. Find the range of values of
k.
(a) C: x2 + y2 + kx  4y + 2 = 0, L: x + y  4 = 0
(b) C: x2 + y2  3x + 6y + 10 = 0, L: x  2y + k = 0

23. In each of the following, the straight line L and the circle C intersect at two points. Find the range of
values of k.
(a) C: (x  3)2 + y2 = 8, L: x  y + k = 0
(b) C: x2 + y2 + 6x  ky  2 = 0, L: 2x + y  1 = 0

24. In each of the following, find the number of points of intersection of the circle
x2 + y2 + 4x  6y + 8 = 0 and the straight line 2x  y + k = 0.
(a) k < 0
(b) 3 < k < 6

25. The centre of a circle is at (5 , 1) and the radius is 7 .

(a) Find the equation of the circle.
(b) Find the number of points of intersection of the straight line 3x + y + 1 = 0 and the circle.

© Oxford University Press 2015 7.2 Consolidation Exercise 5B07

26. The centre of the circle C is at (5 , 4) and the area of the circle C is 8. The equation of the straight line
L is x + y  9 = 0.
(a) Find the equation of C.
(b) Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of L and C.
(c) Does L divide C into two equal parts? Explain your answer.

27. The straight line L: x  y  k = 0 touches the circle C: x2 + y2 + 6x + 1 = 0.

(a) Find the values of k.
(b) Find the two possible equations of L.

28. The straight line L: x = my + 4 is a tangent to the circle C: x2 + y2  2x + 2my = 0, where m > 0.
(a) Find the value of m.
(b) Find the equation of L.
(c) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of L and C.

29. The equation of a circle is x2 + y2 + 8x  6y + 5 = 0. If the slope of the straight line L that touches the
circle is 2, find the two possible equations of L.

30. Circle C passes through three points (1 , 1), (11 , 1) and (4 , 6).
(a) Find the equation of C.
(b) Two straight lines L1 and L2 pass through A(0 , 7). L1 has a positive slope while L2 has a negative
slope. L1 and L2 touch C at P and Q respectively.
(i) Find the equations of L1 and L2.
(ii) Find the coordinates of P and Q.
(iii) Let R be the centre of C. Is APRQ a square? Explain your answer.

31. Two tangents to circle C: x2 + y2 + 28x  4y + 100 = 0 pass through the origin O.
(a) Find the equations of the two tangents.
(b) The two tangents touch C at P and Q respectively, where the x-coordinate of P is less than the x-
coordinate of Q. Find the area of OPQ.

32. In the figure, the circle C1: 4x2 + 4y2 + 4x  8y  15 = 0 and the straight line
L: 2x  6y + 17 = 0 intersect at two points P and Q, where the y-coordinate of P L
P is greater than the y-coordinate of Q.
(a) Find the distance between the centre of C1 and L.
(b) Find the equation of the circle C2 with PQ as a diameter.
(c) Does the centre of C1 lie outside C2? Explain your answer.

© Oxford University Press 2015 7.3 Consolidation Exercise 5B07

33. The coordinates of the centre of the circle C are (4 , 3). The circumference of C is 8 5 . The y-
intercept of the straight line L is k. L is parallel to the straight line 6x = 2y  1.
(a) Find the equation of C.
(b) Express the equation of L in terms of k.
(c) L and C intersect at two points A and B.
(i) Express the coordinates of the mid-point of AB in terms of k.
(ii) Hence, if the length of AB is maximum, find the value of k.

34. The equation of the circle C is x2 + y2  6x + 10y + 9 = 0. The equation of the straight line L is
4x  3y + 23 = 0. Let P be a point lying on L such that P is nearest to C and R be a point lying on C such
that R is nearest to L.
(a) Do C and L intersect? Explain your answer.
(b) Find the distance between P and R.
(c) Let Q be a point on C that is furthest to R.
(i) Describe the geometric relationship between P, Q and R.
(ii) Find the ratio of the area of PQS to the area of QRS, where S is any point on L except P.

35. In the figure, P(2 , 2) and Q(10 , 2) are the end points of a diameter
of the circle C1. The straight line L: 3x  y + p = 0 passes through the L
centres of the two circles C1 and C2, where C2 lies in quadrant III. C1 and
Q( 10
C2 touch each other externally at R. The radius of C2 is half of that of C1.
(a) Find the equations of C1 and C2.
(b) Find the equation of the common tangent of C1 and C2 at R.
R P(2
(c) (i) Show that D(4 , 10) lies on C2.
(ii) The tangent to C2 at D cuts C1 at two distinct points A and B.
Find the coordinates of the mid-point of AB without finding
the coordinates of A and B.

36. In the figure, O and G are the centres of circles C1: x2 + y2 = 225 y
and C2: (x  26)2 + y2 = 25 respectively. L is an external common
tangent to C1 and C2 with points of contact A and B respectively. L L
A
cuts the x-axis at P and the slope of L is negative.
(a) By considering similar triangles, find the coordinates of P. B
(b) Find the slope of L.
Hence, find the equation of L. O G P
C
(c) L is another external common tangent to C1 and C2. Find the
equation of L. C
(d) Do the orthocentres of OAP and GBP lie on L? Explain
your answer.

© Oxford University Press 2015 7.4 Consolidation Exercise 5B07

 37. In the figure, the equations of three circles C1, C2 and C3 are
L
x2 + y2  2x + 4y  20 = 0, x2 + y2 + 6x + 7y + 15 = 0 and
2x2 + 2y2 + 8x + 17y + 41 = 0 respectively. C1 and C3 touch each other
internally at P. C2 and C3 touch each other internally at Q. Two straight
lines L1 and L2 touch C3 at P and Q respectively. L1 and L2 intersect at
S.
(a) (i) Find the coordinates of the centre and the radius of each
circle. P
(ii) Does the centre of C2 lie on C3? Explain your answer.
(b) Suppose the centre of C3 is at R. L
(i) Find the coordinates of P and Q.
(ii) Find the equations of L1 and L2.
Hence, find the coordinates of S.

38. In the figure, the circle C: x2 + y2  20x + 8y + 76 = 0 and the y

straight line L intersect at two points A(x1 , y1) and B(x2 , y2).
1 (0

L cuts the y-axis at (0 , 6) and its slope is m, where 1 < m < 3 .
(a) Express the equation of L in terms of m. A(x
80(3m 2  10m  3) x
(b) Show that (x1  x2)2 = (1  m 2 ) 2 .
B(x L
80(m  3)(3m  1)
(c) Show that AB = 1  m2 .
(d) Suppose AB = 80 .
(i) Find the distance between L and the centre of C.
(ii) Find the value of m and the corresponding equation of L.

* 39. In the figure, the straight line L: y = 2x passes through the origin
and intersects the circle C: x2 + y2  14x  18y + k = 0 at two points
L: y
A(x1 , y1) and B(x2 , y2), where x1 < x2 and k < 130. Let G be the
centre of C. B(x
(a) (i) Find the coordinates of G.
(ii) Express the radius of C in terms of k.
k
(b) Show that x1 + x2 = 10 and x1x2 = 5 . A(x
(c) The length of AB is 4 times the distance between L and G. Let
P be a point on L such that P is nearest to G. C: x2 + y2 14x 18y + k
(i) Find the value of k.
(ii) Does the centroid of AGP lie on the vertical line which
passes through P? Explain your answer.

© Oxford University Press 2015 7.5 Consolidation Exercise 5B07

* 40. Consider P(5 , 7) and Q(5 , 13). L is the perpendicular bisector of PQ.
(a) Find the equation of L.
(b) Suppose that G(h , k) is a point lying on L. Let C be the circle which is centred at G and passes
through P and Q. Prove that the equation of C is x2 + y2  2(6  2k)x  2ky + 6k  134 = 0.
(c) The coordinates of the point R are (10 , 8).
(i) Using the result of (b), find the coordinates of the centre G of the circle which passes through
P, Q and R.
(ii) Find the equation of the tangent to the circle found in (c)(i) at R.
(iii) Can the radius of C in (b) be smaller than the radius of the circle found in (c)(i)? Explain your
answer.

* 41. The equation of circle C with centre G is x2 + y2  4x + 6y  12 = 0.

 3 7
A  ,  
(a) Show that  2 2  lies inside C and find the equation of the chord with A as the mid-point.
(b) P and Q are the end points of the chord found in (a), where Q lies in quadrant III. Find the
coordinates of P and Q.
(c) Two straight lines L1 and L2 touch C at P and Q found in (b) respectively. L1 and L2 intersect at R.
(i) Find the coordinates of R. (ii) Find the area of PQR.
(iii) Is the area of C 8 times that of the inscribed circle of PQR? Explain your answer.
(iv) Are the in-centre, the orthocentre, the centroid and the circumcentre of PQR collinear?
Explain your answer.

* 42. In the figure, AB is a diameter of the circle and BC is the tangent to the
circle at B. AB is produced to O such that AC  CO. B
(a) (i) Prove that ABC ~ ACO.
(ii) Prove that ABC ~ CBO.
(iii) Prove that BC = AB  BO .
(b) A rectangular coordinate system is introduced to the figure so that the coordinates of O and A are (0
, 0) and (15 , 10) respectively. The equation of BC is 3x + 2y + 13 = 0. A
(i) Find the coordinates of B and C. (ii) Find the equation of the circle.
(iii) Find the equation of another tangent to the circle where the tangent passes through C.

* 43. The figure shows OAB. C is a point on OA such that BC  OA. OB

touches the inscribed circle of OBC at D. DE passes through the B
centre of the inscribed circle of OBC, where E lies on OA.
(a) Prove that BCED is a cyclic quadrilateral.
(b) A rectangular coordinate system is introduced to the figure so that D
the coordinates of O and C are (0 , 0) and (20 , 0) respectively. It
is given that AB = 229 and OB = 25.
(i) Find the coordinates of A and B. (ii) Find the equation of the inscribed circle.
(iii) Find the equation of DE.
(iv) Find the equation of the circle passing through B, C, D and E. A E

© Oxford University Press 2015 7.6 Consolidation Exercise 5B07