C2 Coordinate Geometry - Questions

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C2 COORDINATE GEOMETRY Worksheet A

1 Write down an equation of the circle with the given centre and radius in each case.
a centre (0, 0) radius 5 b centre (1, 3) radius 2 c centre (4, −6) radius 1
d centre (−1, −8) radius 3 e centre ( − 12 , 1
2
) radius 1
2
f centre (−3, 9) radius 2 3

2 Write down the coordinates of the centre and the radius of each of the following circles.
a x2 + y2 = 16 b (x − 6)2 + (y − 1)2 = 81 c (x + 1)2 + (y − 4)2 = 121
d (x − 7)2 + y2 = 0.09 e (x + 2)2 + (y + 5)2 = 32 f (x − 8)2 + (y + 9)2 = 108

3 Find the coordinates of the centre and the radius of each of the following circles.
a x2 + y2 − 4y + 3 = 0 b x2 + y2 − 2x − 10y − 23 = 0
c x2 + y2 + 12x − 8y + 36 = 0 d x2 + y2 − 2x + 16y = 35
e x2 + y2 = 8x − 6y f x2 + y2 + 10x − 2y − 19 = 0
g 4x2 + 4y2 − 4x − 24y + 1 = 0 h 9x2 + 9y2 + 6x − 24y + 8 = 0

4 Find an equation of the circle


a with centre (1, −2) which passes through the point (4, 2),
b with centre (−5, 7) which passes through the point (0, 5).

5 Find an equation of the circle in which AB is a diameter in each case.


a A (1, −2) B (3, −2) b A (−7, 2) B (1, 8) c A (1, 1) B (4, 0)

6 The points P (0, 1), Q (3, 10) and R (6, 9) all lie on circle C.
a Show that ∠PQR is a right-angle.
b Hence, show that C has the equation x2 + y2 − 6x − 10y + 9 = 0.

7 Find in each case whether the given point lies inside, outside or on the given circle.
a (0, −9) x2 + y2 = 64 b (4, 7) x2 + y2 − 2x − 6y − 26 = 0
c (7, −3) x2 + y2 + 10x − 4y = 140 d (−4, 1) x2 + y2 + 2x + 8y − 13 = 0

8 The point P lies on the circle with equation x2 + y2 + 12x − 6y + 27 = 0 and the point Q has
coordinates (8, 1). Find the minimum length of PQ giving your answer in the form k 2 .

9 Find an equation of the circle which crosses the x-axis at the points (2, 0) and (8, 0) and touches
the y-axis at the point (0, 4).

10 Given that the circle with equation x2 + y2 + 8x − 12y + k = 0 does not touch or cross either of
the coordinate axes, find the set of possible values of the constant k.

11 The circle C passes through the points P, Q and R with coordinates (−2, −2), (2, −4) and (7, 1)
respectively.
a Find an equation of the perpendicular bisector of the points P and Q.
b Find the coordinates of the centre of C.
c Find an equation of C.

 Solomon Press
C2 COORDINATE GEOMETRY Worksheet A continued

12 The circle C has the equation x2 + y2 − 4x − 4y − 28 = 0.


a Find the distance of the point A (10, 8) from the centre of C.
The tangent to C at the point B passes through A.
b Find the length AB.

13 A circle has the equation x2 + y2 + 6x − 2y = 0 and passes through the point P.


Given that the tangent to the circle at P passes through the point Q (2, 6), find the exact length
PQ in its simplest form.

14 The circle C has the equation x2 + y2 − 6x − 10y + 16 = 0 and passes through the point A (6, 2).
a Find the coordinates of the centre of C.
b Find the gradient of the normal to the circle at A.
c Find an equation of the normal to the circle at A.

15 Find an equation of
a the normal to the circle with equation x2 + y2 + 4x = 13 at the point (−1, 4),
b the tangent to the circle with equation x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y − 40 = 0 at the point (5, 1),
c the tangent to the circle with equation x2 + y2 − 10x + 4y + 4 = 0 at the point (2, 2).

16 Find the coordinates of the points where the circle with equation x2 + y2 − 6x + 6y − 16 = 0
intersects the coordinate axes.

17 Find in each case the coordinates of the points where the line l intersects the circle C.
a l:y=x−4 C : x2 + y2 = 10
b l : 3x + y = 17 C : x2 + y2 − 4x − 2y − 15 = 0
c l : y = 2x + 2 C : 4x2 + 4y2 + 4x − 8y − 15 = 0

18 The line with equation y = 1 − x intersects the circle with equation x2 + y2 + 6x + 2y = 27 at the
points A and B.
Find the length of the chord AB, giving your answer in the form k 2 .

19 Show that the line with equation y = 2x + 1 is a tangent to the circle with equation
x2 + y2 − 8x − 8y + 27 = 0 and find the coordinates of the point where they touch.

20 The line with equation y = x + k is a tangent to the circle with equation x2 + y2 + 6x − 8y + 17 = 0.


Find the two possible values of k.

21 The line with equation y = mx is a tangent to the circle with equation x2 + y2 − 8x − 16y + 72 = 0.
Find the two possible values of m.

22 The line with equation 2x + 3y = k is a tangent to the circle with equation x2 + y2 + 6x + 4y = 0.


Find the two possible values of k.

23 The circle with equation x2 + y2 − 4x − 6y = 7 crosses the y-axis at the points A and B.
a Find the coordinates of the points A and B.
b Find the coordinates of the point where the tangent to the circle at A intersects the tangent to
the circle at B.

 Solomon Press
C2 COORDINATE GEOMETRY Worksheet B

1 The circle C has centre (3, −2) and radius 5.


a Write down an equation of C in cartesian form.
The line y = 2x − 3 intersects C at the points A and B.
b Show that AB = 4 5 .

2 The line AB is a diameter of circle C.


Given that A has coordinates (−5, 6) and B has coordinates (3, 8), find
a the coordinates of the centre of C,
b a cartesian equation for C,
c an equation of the tangent to C at A.

3 The circle C has equation x2 + y2 + 8x − 16y + 62 = 0.


a Find the coordinates of the centre of C and the exact radius of C.
The line l has equation y = 2x + 1.
b Show that the minimum distance between l and C is 3( 5 − 2) .

4 y
S
C2
P C1
R

Q
O x

The diagram shows rectangle PQRS and circles C1 and C2.


Each circle touches the other circle and three sides of the rectangle. The coordinates of the
corners of the rectangle are P (0, 4), Q (1, 1), R (7, 3) and S (6, 6).
a Find the radius of C1.
b Find the coordinates of the point where the two circles touch.
c Show that C1 has equation 2x2 + 2y2 − 8x − 12y + 21 = 0.

5 The circle C touches the y-axis at the point A (0, 3) and passes through the point B (2, 7).
a Find an equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB.
b Find an equation for C.
c Show that the tangent to C at B has equation
3x − 4y + 22 = 0.

6 The point P (x, y) moves such that its distance from the point A (−3, 4) is twice its distance from
the point B (0, −2).
Show that the locus of P is a circle and find the coordinates of the centre and the exact radius of
this circle.

 Solomon Press
C2 COORDINATE GEOMETRY Worksheet B continued

7 The points P (−4, 9) and Q (−2, −5) are such that PQ is a diameter of circle C.
a Find the coordinates of the centre of C.
b Find an equation for C.
c Show that the point R (2, 7) lies on C.
d Hence, state the size of ∠PRQ, giving a reason for your answer.

8 y

C2
C1
l

O x
P

The diagram shows circles C1 and C2, which both pass through the point P, and the common
tangent to the circles at P, the line l.
Circle C1 has the equation x2 + y2 − 4y − 16 = 0.
a Find the coordinates of the centre of C1.
Circle C2 has the equation x2 + y2 − 2x − 8y − 60 = 0.
b Find an equation of the straight line passing through the centre of C1 and the centre of C2.
c Find an equation of line l.

9 The circle C has equation x2 + y2 − 8x + 4y + 12 = 0.


a Find the coordinates of the centre of C and the radius of C.
The point P has coordinates (3, 5) and the point Q lies on C.
b Find the largest and smallest values of the length PQ, giving your answers in the form k 2 .
c Find the length of PQ correct to 3 significant figures when the line PQ is a tangent to C.

10 y
y=x

O x

The diagram shows the circle C and the line y = x.


Given that circle C has centre (a, b), where a and b are positive constants, and that C touches
the x-axis,
a find a cartesian equation for C in terms of a and b.
Given also that the line y = x is a tangent to C,
b show that a = (1 + 2 )b.

 Solomon Press
C2 COORDINATE GEOMETRY Worksheet C

1 A circle has the equation x2 + y2 − 8x + 7 = 0.


a Find the coordinates of the centre of the circle. (2)
b Find the radius of the circle. (2)

2 A circle has the equation x2 + y2 − 6x + 2y − 15 = 0.


a Find the coordinates of the centre of the circle. (2)
b Find the radius of the circle. (1)
c Show that the tangent to the circle at the point (7, 2) has equation
4x + 3y − 34 = 0. (4)

3 A circle has the equation x2 + y2 + 6x − 8y + 21 = 0.


a Find the coordinates of the centre and the radius of the circle. (3)
The point P lies on the circle.
b Find the greatest distance of P from the origin. (2)

4 y

x2 + y2 = 50 A

O x
C

The diagram shows the circle with equation x2 + y2 = 50 and the tangents to the circle
at the points A (5, 5) and B (1, −7).
a Find an equation of the tangent to the circle at A. (3)
b Show that the tangent to the circle at B has the equation
x − 7y − 50 = 0. (3)
c Find the coordinates of the point C where the tangents to the circle at A and B intersect. (2)

5 Circle C1 has the equation x2 + y2 − 2ay = 0, where a is a positive constant.


a Find the coordinates of the centre and the radius of C1. (4)
Circle C2 has the equation x2 + y2 − 2bx = 0, where b is a constant and b > a.
b Sketch C1 and C2 on the same diagram. (4)

6 The circle C has the equation x2 + y2 + 2x − 14y + 30 = 0.


a Find the coordinates of the centre of C. (2)
b Find the radius of C, giving your answer in the form k 5 . (2)
c Show that the line y = 2x − 1 is a tangent to C and find the coordinates of the point
of contact. (4)

 Solomon Press
C2 COORDINATE GEOMETRY Worksheet C continued

7 The circle C has equation x2 + y2 − 6x − 12y + 28 = 0.


a Find the coordinates of the centre of C. (2)
The line y = x − 2 intersects C at the points A and B.
b Find the length AB in the form k 2 . (6)

8 The circle C has centre (8, −1) and passes through the point (4, 1).
a Find an equation for C. (3)
b Show that the line with equation x + 2y + 4 = 0 is a tangent to C. (3)

9 The points P (−10, 2), Q (8, 14) and R (−2, −10) all lie on circle C.
a Show that PR is perpendicular to PQ. (2)
2 2
b Hence, show that C has the equation x + y − 6x − 4y − 156 = 0. (5)

10 A circle has the equation x2 + y2 − 2x − 7y − 16 = 0.


a Find the coordinates of the centre of the circle. (2)
b Show that the radius of the circle is k 13 , where k is an exact fraction to be found. (2)
c Find an equation of the tangent to the circle at the point (4, 8), giving your answer
in the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers. (4)

11 y
C
x − 2y + 3 = 0
B

O x

The line with equation x − 2y + 3 = 0 intersects the circle C at the points A and B as
shown in the diagram above. Given that the centre of C has coordinates (6, 7),
a find the coordinates of the mid-point of the chord AB. (6)
Given also that the x-coordinate of the point A is 3,
b find the coordinates of the point B, (3)
c find an equation for C. (2)

12 The circle C has equation x2 + y2 − 8x − 16y + 72 = 0.


a Find the coordinates of the centre and the radius of C. (3)
b Find the distance of the centre of C from the origin in the form k 5 . (2)
The point A lies on C and the tangent to C at A passes through the origin O.
c Show that OA = 6 2 . (3)

13 The circle C has equation x2 + y2 − 4x − 6 = 0 and the line l has equation y = 3x − 6.


a Show that l passes through the centre of C. (3)
b Find an equation for each tangent to C that is parallel to l. (6)

 Solomon Press

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