MRI3 - Digital multifunctional relay for overcurrent protection

Contents
1 Introduction and application
2 Features and characteristics
5.4.3 Trip delay or time factor for phase
3 Design overcurrent element (tI>)
3.1 Connections 5.4.4 Reset setting for all tripping characteris-
3.1.1 Analog input circuits tics in the phase current path
3.1.2 Output relays 5.4.5 Current setting for high set element (I>>)
3.1.3 Blocking input 5.4.6 Trip delay for high set element (tI>>)
3.1.4 External reset input 5.4.7 Relay characteristic angle RCA
3.2 Relay output contacts 5.4.8 Pickup value for residual voltage UE
3.2.1 Fault recorder (ER/XR-relay type)
3.2.2 Parameter settings (see chapter 5) 5.4.9 Pickup current for earth fault element (IE>)
3.3 LEDs 5.4.10 WARN/TRIP changeover
4 Working principle (E/X and ER/XR-relay type)
4.1 Analog circuits 5.4.11 Time current characteristics for earth fault
4.2 Digital circuits element (CHAR IE) (not for ER/XR-relay
4.3 Directional feature type)
4.3.1 Reversal in direction during the activation 5.4.12 Trip delay or time multiplier for earth fault
phase element (tIE>>)
4.4 Earth fault protection 5.4.13 Reset mode for inverse time tripping in
4.4.1 Generator stator earth fault protection earth current path
4.4.2 System earth fault protection 5.4.14 Current setting for high set element of
4.5 Earth-fault directional feature earth fault supervision (IE>>)
(ER/XR-relay type) 5.4.15 Trip delay for high set element of earth
4.6 Determining earth short-circuit fault fault supervision (tIE>>)
direction 5.4.16 COS/SIN Measurement
4.6.1 Directly – earthed system (ER/XR-relay type)
4.6.2 Resistance – earthed system 5.4.17 SOLI/RESI changeover (SR-relay type)
4.6.3 Connection possibilities of the voltage 5.4.18 Block/Trip – time
transformers for SR relay types 5.4.19 Circuit breaker failure protection tCBFP
4.7 Demand imposed on the main current 5.4.20 Adjustment of the slave address
transformers 5.4.21 Setting of Baud-rate (applies for Modbus
Protocol only)
5 Operation and settings 5.4.22 Setting of parity (applies for Modbus
5.1 Display Protocol only)
5.2 Setting procedure 5.5 Fault recorder
5.3 System parameter 5.5.1 Adjustment of the fault recorder
5.3.1 Display of measuring values as primary 5.5.2 Number of the fault recordings
quantities (Iprim phase) 5.5.3 Adjustment of trigger occurrences
5.3.2 Display of earth current as primary quantity 5.5.4 Pre-trigger time (Tpre)
(Iprim earth) 5.6 Adjustment of the clock
5.3.3 Display of residual voltage UE as primary 5.7 Additional functions
quantity (Uprim/Usec) 5.7.1 Blocking the protection functions and
5.3.4 Voltage transformer connection for residual assignment of the output relays
voltage measuring (3pha/e-n/1:1) 5.8 Setting value calculation
5.3.5 Nominal frequency 5.8.1 Definite time overcurrent element
5.3.6 Display of the activation storage 5.8.2 Inverse time overcurrent element
(FLSH/NOFL) 5.9 Indication of measuring and fault values
5.3.7 Parameter switch/external triggering of the 5.9.1 Indication of measuring values
fault recorder 5.9.2 Units of the measuring values displayed
5.4 Parameter protection 5.9.3 Indication of fault data
5.4.1 Pickup current for phase overcurrent 5.9.4 Fault memory
element (I>) 5.10 Reset
5.4.2 Time current characteristics for phase 5.10.1 Erasure of fault storage
overcurrent element (CHAR I>)

2 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
6 Relay testing and commissioning
6.1 Power-On
6.2 Testing the output relays and LEDs
6.3 Checking the set values
6.4 Secondary injection test
6.4.1 Test equipment
6.4.2 Example of test circuit for MRI3 relays
without directional feature
6.4.3 Checking the input circuits and measured
values
6.4.4 Checking the operating and resetting
values of the relay
6.4.5 Checking the relay operating time
6.4.6 Checking the high set element of the relay
6.4.7 Example of a test circuit for MRI3 relay
with directional feature
6.4.8 Test circuit earth fault directional feature
6.4.9 Checking the external blocking and reset
functions
6.4.10 Testing the external blocking with
Block/Trip function
6.4.11 Test of the CB failure protection
6.5 Primary injection test
6.6 Maintenance
7 Technical data
7.1 Measuring input circuits
7.2 Common data
7.3 Setting ranges and steps
7.3.1 Time overcurrent protection (I-Type)
7.3.2 Earth fault protection (SR-Type)
7.3.3 Earth fault protection (E/X-Type)
7.3.4 Earth fault protection (ER/XR-Type)
7.3.5 Block/Trip – time
7.3.6 Switch failure protection
7.3.7 Interface parameter
7.3.8 Parameter for the fault recorder
7.3.9 Inverse time overcurrent protection relay
7.3.10 Direction unit for phase overcurrent relay
7.3.11 Determination of earth fault direction
(MRl3-ER/XR)
7.3.12 Determination of earth fault direction
(MRl3-SR)
7.4 Inverse time characteristics
7.5 Output contacts
8 Order form

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 3
1 Introduction and application 2 Features and characteristics

The MRl3 digital multifunctional relay is a universal • Digital filtering of the measured values by using dis-
time overcurrent and earth fault protection device in- crete Fourier analysis to suppress the high frequence
tended for use in medium-voltage systems, either with harmonics and DC components induced by faults or
an isolated/compensated neutral point or for networks system operations,
with a solidly earthed/resistance-earthed neutral point. • two parameter sets,
• selectable protective functions between:
The protective functions of MRI3 which are imple- definite time overcurrent relay and
mented in only one device are summarized as follows: inverse time overcurrent relay,
• Independent (Definite) time overcurrent relay, • selectable inverse time characteristics according to
• inverse time overcurrent relay with selectable charac- IEC 255-4:
teristics, Normal Inverse (Type A)
• integrated determination of fault direction for appli- Very Inverse (Type B)
cation to doubly infeeded lines or meshed systems, Extremely Inverse (Type C)
• two-element (low and high set) earth fault protection Special characteristics,
with definite or inverse time characteristics, • reset setting for inverse time characteristics selectable,
• integrated determination of earth fault direction for • high set overcurrent unit with instantaneous or de-
application to power system networks with isolated finite time function,
or arc suppressing coil (Peterson coil) neutral • two-element (low and high set) overcurrent relay both
earthing. (ER/XR-relay type), for phase and earth faults,
• integrated determination of earth short-circuit fault di- • directional feature for application to the doubly in-
rection in systems with solidly-earthed neutral point or feeded lines or meshed systems,
in resistance-earthed systems (SR-relay type). • earth fault directional feature selectable for either iso-
lated or compensated networks,
Furthermore, the relay MRI3 can be employed as a • sensitive earth fault current measuring with or without
back-up protection for distance and differential protec- directional feature (X and XR-relay type),
tive relays. • determination of earth short-circuit fault direction for
systems with solidly-earthed or resistance-earthed
A similar, but simplified version of overcurrent relay neutral point,
IRI1 with reduced functions without display and serial • numerical display of setting values, actual measured
interface is also available. values and their active, reactive components, memo-
rized fault data, etc.,
• display of measuring values as primary quantities,
• withdrawable modules with automatic short circuiters
of C.T. inputs when modules are withdrawn,
• blocking e.g. of high set element (e.g. for selective
fault detection through minor overcurrent protection
units after unsuccessful AR),
• relay characteristic angle for phase current direc-
tional feature selectable,
• circuit breaker failure protection,
• storage of trip values and switching-off time (tCBFP) of
5 fault occurences (fail-safe of voltage),
• recording of up to eight fault occurences with time
stamp,
• free assignment of output relays
• serial data exchange via RS485 interface possible;
alternatively with SEG RS485 Pro-Open Data Proto-
Important: col or Modbus Protocol,
For additional common data of all MR-relays please • suppression of indication after an activation
refer to manual "MR - Digital Multifunctional relays". (LED flash),
On page 51 of this manual you can find the valid • display of date and time
software versions.

4 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
3 Design

3.1 Connections

Phase and earth current measuring:

Figure 3.1: Measuring of the phase currents for over-current- and Figure 3.3: Phase current measuring and earth-current detection
short-circuit protection (I>,I>>) by means of Holmgreen-circuit.

This connection can be used with three existing phase

current transformers when combined phase and earth-
current measuring is required.

Disadvantage of holmgreen-circuit:
At saturation of one or more C.Ts the relay detects
seeming an earth current.

Figure 3.2: Earth-fault measuring by means of ring-core C.T. (IE)

When phase-- and earth-fault current measuring are

combined, the connection has to be realized as per
Figure 3.1and Figure 3.2 or Figure 3.3.

* This arrow shows the current flow in forward direction, for this LED →← lights up green

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 5
Voltage measuring for the directional detection: 3.1.1 Analog input circuits

The protection unit receives the analog input signals of

the phase currents IL1 (B3-B4), IL2 (B5-B6), IL3 B7-B8)
and the current IE (B1-B2), phase voltages U1 (A3),
U2 (A5), U3 (A7) with A2 as star point, each via
separate input transformers.

The constantly detected current measuring values are

galvanically decoupled, filtered and finally fed to the
analog/digital converter.
For the unit type with earthfault directional features
(ER/XR-relay type) the residual voltage UE in the sec-
ondary circuit of the voltage transformers is internally
formed.
In case no directional feature for the phase current
path is necessary the residual voltage from the open
delta winding can directly be connected to A3 and
A2.
See Chapter 4.5 for voltage transformer connections
Figure 3.4: Measuring of the phase voltages for the directional
on isolated/compensated systems.
detection at overcurrent, short-circuit or earth-fault
protection (I>, I>>, IE> and IE>>).
3.1.2 Output relays

For details on the connection of ER/XR-unit type c.t.s, The MRI3 is equipped with 5 output relays. Apart from
see para 4.5. the relay for self-supervision, all protective functions
L1
can be optionally assigned:
L2
L3
• Relay 1: C1, D1, E1 and C2, D2, E2
• Relay 2: C3, D3, E3 and C4, D4, E4
• Relay 3: C5, D5, E5
• Relay 4: C6, D6, E6
• Relay 5: Self-supervision C7, D7, E7
a

A3 L1 All trip and alarm relays are working current relays,

I>
U1 the relay for self supervision is an idle current relay.
b

A5 L2
I>
U2
3.1.3 Blocking input
c

A7 L3 The blocking functions adjusted before will be blocked

I>
if an auxiliary voltage is connected to (terminals)
U3
A2 N D8/E8. (See chapter 5.7.1)

Figure 3.5: Voltage transformer in V-connection for the 3.1.4 External reset input
directional detection at overcurrent and short-circuit
protection. Please refer to chapter 5.10.

The V-connection can not be applied at earth fault di-

rectional feature.

6 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
3.2 Relay output contacts

No writing over

If 2, 4 or 8 recordings are chosen, the complete

memory is divided into the relevant number of partial
segments. If this max. number of fault event has been
exceeded, the fault recorder block any further re-
cordings in order to prevent that the stored data are
written over. After the data have been read and de-
leted, the recorder to ready again for further action.

Writing over

If 1, 3 or 7 recordings are chosen, the relevant num-

ber of partial segments is reserved in the complete
memory. If the memory is full, a new recording will
always write over the oldest one.

The memory part of the fault recorder is designed as

circulating storage. In this example 7 fault records can
be stored (written over).

Memory space 6 to 4 is occupied.

Memory space 5 is currently being written in

Figure 3.6

3.2.1 Fault recorder

The MRI3 is equipped with a disturbance value re-

corder which records the measured analogue values
as momentary values. The momentary values

iL1, iL2, iL3, iE, Figure 3.7: Division of the memory into 8 segments, for example

are scanned within a grid 1.25 ms (with 50 Hz) or Since memory spaces 6, 7 and 8 are occupied, this
1.041 ms (with 60 Hz) and filed in a circulating stor- example shows that the memory has been assigned
age. The max. storage capacity amounts to 16 s (with more than eight recordings. This means that No. 6 is
50 Hz) or 13.33 s (with 60 Hz). the oldest fault recording and No. 4 the most recent
one.

Storage division

Independent of the recording time, the entire storage

capacity can be divided into several cases of distur-
bance with a shorter recording time each. In addition,
the deletion behaviour of the fault recorder can be in-
fluenced.

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 trigger occurence

recording duration

Tpre

[s]

Figure 3.8: Recording scheme of the fault recorder with

pre-trigger time

Each memory segment has a specified storage time

which permits setting of a time prior to the trigger
event.

Via the interface RS485 the data can be read and

processed by means of a PC with HTL/PL-Soft4. The
data is graphically edited and displayed. Binary
tracks are recorded as well, e.g. activation and trip.

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3.2.2 Parameter settings (see chapter 5)

System parameter

Relay type MRI3- I IE IRE IR IER IRER ER E ISR IRSR SR

IX IRX IXR IRXR XR X
Display of measuring values as pri- X X X X X X X X
mary quantities (Iprim phase)
Display of earth current as primary X X X X X X X X X
quantities (Iprim earth)
Display of residual voltage UE as pri- X X X
mary quantity (Uprim/Usec)
3pha/e-n/1:1 X X X
50/60 Hz X X X X X X X X X X X
LED-Flash X X X X X X X X X X X
RS 485/Slaveaddress X X X X X X X X X X X
1) X X X X X X X X X X X
Baud-Rate
1) X X X X X X X X X X X
Parity-Check
Adjustment of the clock: X X X X X X X X X X X
Y = year; M = month; D = day;
h = hour; m = minute; s = sec.

Table 3.1: System parameters of the different relay types

Protection parameter

Relay type MRI3- I IE IRE IR IER IRER ER E ISR IRSR SR

IX IRX IXR IRXR XR X
2 parameter sets X X X X X X X X X X X
I> X X X X X X X X
CHAR I> X X X X X X X X
tI> X X X X X X X X
0 s/60 s 2) X X X X X X X X
I>> X X X X X X X X
tI>> X X X X X X X X
RCA X X X X
UE X X X
IE> X X X X X X X X X
warn/trip X X X X X X
CHAR IE X X X X X X
tIE X X X X X X X X X
0s / 60 s 3) X X X X X X
IE>> X X X X X X X X X
tIE>> X X X X X X X X X
sin/cos X X X
soli/resi X X X
tCBFP X X X X X X X X X X X
Block/Trip X X X X X X X X X X X

Table 3.2: Protection parameters of the different relay types.

1)
Only devices with Modbus-Protocol
2)
Reset setting for inverse time characteristics in phase current path
3)
Reset setting for inverse time characteristics in earth current path

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 9
Parameter for the fault recorder

Relay type MRI3- I IE IRE IR IER IRER ER E ISR IRSR SR

IX IRX IXR IRXR XR X
Number of fault events X X X X X X X X X X X
Trigger events X X X X X X X X X X X
Pre-trigger time (Tpre) X X X X X X X X X X X

Table 3.3: Parameters for the fault recorder of the different relay types

Additional parameters

Relay-type MRI3- I IE IRE IR IER IRER ER E ISR IRSR SR

IX IRX IXR IRXR XR X
Blocking mode 1) X X X X X X X X X X X
Relay parameterizing X X X X X X X X X X X
Fault recorder X X X X X X X X

Table 3.4: Additional parameters of the different relay types

1)
For 2 parameter sets (separately for each parameter set)

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Figure 3.9: Front plate MRI3-I Figure 3.11: Front plate MRI3-IR

Figure 3.10: Front plate MRI3-E/X Figure 3.12: Front plate MRI3-ER/XR

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 11
 3.3 LEDs

The LEDs left from the display are partially bi-coloured,

the green indicating measuring, and the red fault indi-
cation.
MRI3 with directional feature have a LED (green- and
red arrow) for the directional display. At pickup/trip
and parameter setting the green LED lights up to indi-
cate the forward direction, the red LED indicates the
backward direction.
The LED marked with letters RS lights up during setting
of the slave address of the device for serial data com-
munication.
The LEDs arranged at the characteristic points on the
setting curves support the comfortable setting menu se-
lection. In accordance with the display 5 LEDs for
phase fault overcurrent relay and 5 LEDs for earth-fault
relay indicate the corresponding menu point selected.
The LED labelled with the letters LR is alight while the
fault recorder is being adjusted.

Figure 3.13: Front plate MRI3-SR

Figure 3.14: Front plate MRI3-IRER/IRXR and MRI3-IER/IXR

Figure 3.15: Front plate MRI3-IRSR; MRI3-IRE/IRX and MRI3-ISR

12 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
4 Working principle

4.1 Analog circuits

The incoming currents from the main current transform- The calculated actual current values are compared
ers on the protected object are converted to voltage with the relay settings. If a phase current exceeds the
signals in proportion to the currents via the input trans- pickup value, an alarm is given and after the set trip
formers and burden. The noise signals caused by in- delay has elapsed, the corresponding trip relay is ac-
ductive and capacitive coupling are supressed by an tivated.
analog R-C filter circuit. The relay setting values for all parameters are stored in
The analog voltage signals are fed to the A/D- a parameter memory (EEPROM - Electrically Erasable
converter of the microprocessor and transformed to Programmable Read-only Memory), so that the actual
digital signals through Sample- and Hold-circuits. The relay settings cannot be lost, even if the power supply
analog signals are sampled at 50 Hz (60 Hz) with a is interrupted.
sampling frequency of 800 Hz (960 Hz), namely, a The microprocessor is supervised by a built-in "watch-
sampling rate of 1.25 ms (1.04 ms) for every measur- dog" timer. In case of a failure the watchdog timer re-
ing quantity. (16 scans per periode). sets the microprocessor and gives an alarm signal, via
the output relay "self supervision".

4.3 Directional feature

A built-in directional element in MRI3 is available for

application to doubly infeeded lines or to ring net-
works.
The measuring principle for determining the direction is
based on phase angle measurement and therefore
also on coincidence time measurement between cur-
rent and voltage. Since the necessary phase voltage
for determining the direction is frequently not available
in the event of a fault, whichever line-to-line voltage fol-
lows the faulty phase by 90° is used as the reference
voltage for the phase current. The characteristic angle
at which the greatest measuring sensitivity is achieved
can be set to precede the reference voltage in the
range from 15° to 83°.
Figure 4.1: Block diagram

4.2 Digital circuits

The essential part of the MRI3 relay is a powerful mi-

crocontroller. All of the operations, from the analog
digital conversion to the relay trip decision, are carried
out by the microcontroller digitally. The relay program
is located in an EPROM (Electrically-Programmable-
Read-Only-Memory). With this program the CPU of the
microcontroller calculates the three phase currents and
ground current in order to detect a possible fault situa-
Figure 4.2: Relay characteristic angle
tion in the protected object.
For the calculation of the current value an efficient digi-
tal filter based on the Fourier Transformation (DFFT -
The TRIP region of the directional element is deter-
Discrete Fast Fourier Transformation) is applied to sup-
mined by rotating the phasor on the maximum sensitiv-
press high frequency harmonics and DC components
ity angle for ± 90°, so that a reliable direction deci-
caused by fault-induced transients or other system dis-
sion can be achieved in all faulty cases.
turbances.

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 13
4.3.1 Reversal in direction during the
activation phase

Reversal of the current direction during the activation Example:

phase can lead to hyperfunctions. This mainly applies Figures 4.4 and 4.5 illustrate a possible fault situation
to installations where parallel connected lines are with a reversal in direction in the fault-free line.
monitored by current relays with directional feature. The current transformers used have a primary current of
For this reason the directional determination for the 250 A. The switch point for the I> stage is 0.25 kA
phase current is shown in a time window; this applies and for the I>> stage 1 kA. All devices have the same
to all SR versions. In case of activation due to a fault, setting and will, if set to “Forward”, recognize the di-
a timer is started and measures the time in the deter- rection in relation to the forward direction of the line.
mined direction for max. 1 s. This timer runs back- The critical point here is the MRI3 No. 1. Using delay
wards at half speed if, during the activation phase, a action in directional recognition, it is possible to pre-
fault causes reversal of the direction. Only when the vent shut-down of the fault-free line.
timer is at zero again, the MRI3 recognizes the rever-
sal in direction. The switch-over time is max. 2 s. The The following relay setting applies:
activation delays tl> and tl>> are not affected by the
delayed recognition of direction. I> 1.00 x In
CHAR I> DEFT (inverse)
max. time
trip delay
tI>(V) 10s
Recognition of
actual
direction reversal Recognition of Trip delay in forward
backward direction forward direction
<Red LED> is alight <Green LED> is alight direction
t=1/2 tI>(R) EXIT (no trip) Delay in
Timer runs at backward direction
Recognition of direction reversal half speed
I>> 4.00 x In
1.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 [s] tI>>(V) 0.1 s
Trip delay at direction reversal tI>>(R) EXIT
Figure 4.3: Recording scheme of the fault recorder with lead
time

IK = 3,31 kA IK = 1,2 kA

MRI3 MRI3
MRI3 MRI3
No. 1 No. 3 No. 3
l = 0,5 km No. 1
l = 0,5 km

IK = 3,61 kA

IK = 0,3 kA
IK = 1,2 kA
l = 3 km
l = 3 km

IK = 0,9 kA l = 3 km l = 3 km
IK = 2,0 kA

No. 2 No. 4
No. 2 No. 4

MRI3 MRI3
MRI3 MRI3
IK = 1,2 kA

IK = 0,8 kA

G G

Figure 4.4 Figure 4.5

14 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
 The TRIP region of the directional element is deter-
mined by rotating the phasor on the maximum sensitiv-
ity angle for ±90°, so that a reliable direction decision
can be achieved in all faulty cases.

If line impedance and internal resistance of the gen-

Figure 4.6: TRIP/NO-TRIP region for directional element in MRI3.
erator is only ohmic: In this case the foreward direction is defined as TRIP
region and the backward direction as NO-TRIP region.

By means of accurate hardware design and by using

an efficient directional algorithm a high sensitivity for
the voltage sensing circuit and a high accuracy for
phase angle measurement are achieved so that a cor-
rect directional decision can be made even by close
three-phase faults.
As an addition, to avoid maloperations due to distur-
bances, at least 2 periods (40 ms at 50 Hz) are
evaluated.
For the MRI3-overcurrent relays with directional feature
If line impedance and internal resistance of the gen- different time delays or time multipliers can be set for
erator is only inductive: forward and backward faults (ref. to chapter 5.4.3).
If the trip delay for backward faults is set longer than
the one for forward faults, the protective relay works
as a "backup"-relay for the other lines on the same
busbar. This means that the relay can clear a fault in
the backward direction with a longer time delay in
case of refusal of the relay or the circuit breaker on the
faulted line.
If the trip delay for backward faults is set out of range
(on the display "EXIT"), the relay will not trip in case of
backward faults.

The maximum sensitivity angle corresponds to the R/L The assignment of the output relays can be used to se-
component. lect in which direction the failure is to be indicated (re-
fer also to Chapter 5.7.1). It is possible to indicate the
activation and/or the tripping for each tripping direc-
tion via the output relays.

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 15
4.4 Earth fault protection

4.4.1 Generator stator earth fault

protection

With the generator neutral point earthed earthed as

shown in Figure 4.7 the MRI3 picks up only to phase
earth faults between the generator and the location of
the current transformers supplying the relay.
Earth faults beyond the current transformers, i.e. on the
consumer or line side, will not be detected.

Figure 4.7: Generator stator earth fault protection

4.4.2 System earth fault protection

With the generator neutral point earthed as shown in

Figure 4.8, the MRI3 picks up only to earth faults in
the power system connected to the generator. It does
not pick up to earth faults on the generator terminals or
in generator stator.

Figure 4.8: System earth fault protection

16 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
4.5 Earth-fault directional feature
(ER/XR-relay type)

A built-in earth-fault directional element is available for The residual voltage UE required for determining earth
applications to power networks with isolated or with fault direction can be measured in three different
arc suppressing coil compensated neutral point. ways, depending on the voltage transformer connec-
For earth-fault direction detection it is mainly the ques- tions.
tion to evaluate the power flow direction in zero se- (refer to Table 4.1). Total current can be measured by
quence system. Both the residual voltage and neutral connecting the unit either to a ring core C.T. or to cur-
(residual) current on the protected line are evaluated to rent transformers in a Holmgreen circuit. However,
ensure a correct direction decision. maximum sensitivity is achieved if the MRl1 protective
In isolated or compensated systems, measurement of device is connected to a ring core C. T. (see Figure
reactive or active power is decisive for earth-fault de- 3.2).
tection. It is therefore necessary to set the ER/XR-relay
type to measure according to sin ϕ or cos ϕ methods, The pick-up values IE> and IE>> (active or reactive cur-
depending on the neutral-point connection method. rent component for cos ϕ or sin ϕ method) for ER-relay
types can be adjusted from 0.01 to 0.45 x IN. For re-
lay type MRI3-XR these pick-up values can be ad-
justed from 0.1 to 4.5% IN.

Adjustment Application Voltage transformer Measurd Correction fac-

possibility connections voltage at tor for residual
earth fault voltage
3-phase voltage
transformer connected
to terminals A3, A5,
“3pha” A7, A2 √3 x UN = 3 x U1N K=1/3
(MRI3-IRER;
MRI3-IER;
MRI3-ER/XR)

e-n winding
connected to
terminals A3, A2
“e-n” (MRI3-IER; UN = √3 x U1N K = 1 / √3
MRI3-ER/XR)

Neutral-point voltage
(= residual voltage)
terminals A3, A2
“1:1” (MRI3-IER; U1N = UNE K=1
MRI3-ER/XR)

Table 4.1: Connection of the voltage transformers

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 17
Figure 4.9: Phase position between the residual voltage and zero sequence current for faulted and non-faulted lines in case of isolated
systems (sin ϕ)

UE - residual voltage By calculating the reactive current component (sin ϕ

IE - zero sequence current adjustment) and then comparing the phase angle in
IC - capacitive component of zero sequence current relation to the residual voltage UE, the ER/XR-relay
IW - resistive component of zero sequence current type determines whether the line to be protected is
earth-faulted.
On non-earth-faulted lines, the capacitive compo-
nent Ic(a) of the total current precedes the residual
voltage by an angle of 90°. In case of a faulty line
the capacity current IC(b) lags behind the residual
voltage at 90°.

Figure 4.10: Phase position between the residual voltage and zero sequence current for faulted and non-faulted lines in case of
compensated systems (cos ϕ)

UE - residual voltage The resistive component in the non-faulted line is in

IE - zero sequence current phase with the residual voltage, while the resistive
IL - inductive component of zero sequence current component in the faulted line is opposite in phase with
(caused by Petersen coil) the residual voltage.
IC - capacitive component of zero sequence current
IW - resistive component of zero sequence current By means of an efficient digital filter harmonics and
fault transients in the fault current are suppressed. Thus,
In compensated mains the earthfault direction cannot the uneven harmonics which, for instance, are caused
be determined from the reactive current components an electric arc fault, do not impair the protective func-
because the reactive part of the earth current depends tion.
upon the compensation level of the mains. The ohmic
component of the total current (calculated by cos ϕ ad-
justment) is used in order to determine the direction.

18 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
4.6 Determining earth short-circuit
fault direction

The SR-relay type is used in solidly-earthed or resis-

tance-earthed systems for determining earth short-circuit
fault direction. The measuring principle for determining
the direction is based on phase angle measurement
and therefore also on the coincidence-time measure-
ment between earth current and zero sequence volt-
age.

The zero sequence voltage U0 required for determin-

ing the earth short-circuit fault direction is generated in-
ternally in the secondary circuit of the voltage trans-
formers.
With SR/ISR-relay types the zero sequence voltage U0
can be measured directly at the open delta winding
(e-n). Connection A3/A2.

Figure 4.12: Characteristic angle in resistance-earthed systems

4.6.1 Directly – earthed system (RESI)

Most faults in a characteristic angle are predominantly The pickup range of the directional element is set by
inductive in character. The characteristic angle be- turning the current indicator at the characteristic angle
tween current and voltage at which the greatest meas- through + 90°, to ensure reliable determination of the
uring sensitivity is achieved has therefore been se- direction.
lected to precede zero sequence voltage U0 by 110°.

Figure 4.11: Characteristic angle in solidly earthed-systems (SOLI)

Figure 4.13: Adjustable characteristical angle of 45° to 309°

4.6.2 Resistance – earthed system

Most faults in a resistance-earthed system are pre- For all other applications the characteristical angle be-
dominantly ohmic in character, with a small inductive tween 45° and 309° is free selectable
part. The characteristic angle for these types of system
has therefore been set at +170° in relation to the zero
sequence voltage U0 (see Figure 4.12).

19 TB MRI1 09.98 E
4.6.3 Connection possibilities of the voltage 4.7 Demand imposed on the main
transformers for SR relay types current transformers

Application Voltage transformer The current transformers have to be rated in such a

connections way, that a saturation should not occur within the fol-
lowing operating current ranges:
3-phase voltage
transformer con- Independent time overcurrent
nected to terminals function: K1 = 2
A3, A5, A7, A2 Inverse time overcurrent function: K1 = 20
(MRI3-IRSR; High-set function: K1 = 1.2 - 1.5
MRI3-ISR; K1 = Current factor related to set value
MRI3-SR) Moreover, the current transformers have to be rated
according to the maximum expected short circuit cur-
rent in the network or in the protected objects.
The low power consumption in the current circuit of
e-n winding MRI3, namely <0.2 VA, has a positive effect on the
connected to selection of current transformers. It implies that, if an
terminals A3, A2 electromechanical relay is replaced by MRI3, a high
(MRI3-ISR; accuracy limit factor is automatically obtained by us-
MRI3-SR) ing the same current transformer.

Neutral-point volt-
age
(= residual volt-
age)
terminals A3, A2
(MRI3-ISR;
MRI3-SR)

20 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
5 Operation and settings

5.1 Display

Function Display shows Pressed push button Corresponding LED

Normal operation SEG
Measured operating values Actual measured values, <SELECT/RESET> L1, L2, L3, E, UE>, IE>
(related to IN; UE 1)) one time for each
(XR-type related to % IN)
Measuring range overflow max. <SELECT/RESET> L1, L2, L3, E
Setting values: Current settings <SELECT/RESET> I >; CHAR I>; tI>; I>>;
phase (I>; CHAR I>; tI>; I>>; tI>>) Trip delay one time for each tI>>; LED →←
earth (IE>; CHAR IE; tIE>; IE>>; tIE>>; UE>) Characteristics parameter IE>;CHAR IE; tIE> ;IE>> ;
tIE>>;UE>
Current display as second rated repeti- SEC (0.001-50.0 kA prim) <SELECT/RESET><+><-> L1, L2, L3, E
tion current Iprim (phase)/Iprim (earth)
Parameter switch/external triggering of SET1, SET2, B_S2, R_S2, <SELECT/RESET><+> <-> P2
the fault recorder B_FR, R_FR, S2_FR
LED blinking after activation FLSH, NOFL <SELECT/RESET><+> <->
Characteristics DEFT, NINV, VINV, EINV, <SELECT/RESET><+> <-> CHAR I>
LINV, RINV
Characteristics DEFT, NINV, VINV, EINV, <SELECT/RESET><+> <-> CHAR IE>
LINV, RINV, RXIDG
Reset setting (only available at inverse 0s / 60s <SELECT/RESET> I>; CHAR I>; tI>
time characteristics) <+><-> IE>; CHAR IE>; tIE>
Relay characteristic angle for pase cur- RCA in degree (°) <SELECT/RESET> LED →← (green)
rent directional feature <+><->
Warning or Trip at earth fault TRIP <SELECT/RESET> IE>
measuring (E- and ER/XR-types) WARN <+><->
Measured method of the residual 3 PHA ; E-N ; 1:1 <SELECT/RESET> UE>
voltage UE 1) <+><->
residual voltage setting voltage in volts <SELECT/RESET><+><-> UE>
changeover of isolated (sin ϕ) SIN <SELECT/RESET>
or compensated (cos ϕ) COS <+><->
networks (for ER/XR-type)
Change over of solidly/resistance SOLI <SELECT/RESET>
earthed networks (SR-type) RESI <+><->
Switch failure protection tCBFP <SELECT/RESET> <+><->
Tripping protection CBFP After fault tripping
switch failure protection
Nominal frequency f=50 / f=60 <SELECT/RESET><+><->
Blocking of function EXIT <+> until max. setting value LED of blocked
parameter
Slave address of serial interface 1 - 32 <SELECT/RESET> RS
<+><->
Baud-Rate 2) 1200-9600 <SELECT/RESET> <+><-> RS
Parity-Check 2) even odd no <SELECT/RESET> <+><-> RS
Recorded fault data Tripping currents and other <SELECT/RESET> L1, L2, L3, E
fault data one time for each phase I>, I>>, IE>, IE>>, UE>
Save parameter? SAV? <ENTER>
Delete failure memory wait <-> <SELECT/RESET>
Enquiry failure memory FLT1; FLT2..... <-><+> L1, L2, L3, E
I>, I>>, IE>, IE>>,
Trigger signal for the fault recorder TEST, P_UP, A_PI, TRIP <SELECT/RESET> <+><-> FR
Number of fault occurences S = 2, S = 4, S = 8 <SELECT/RESET> <+><-> FR
Display of date and time Y = 99, M = 10, D = 1, <SELECT/RESET> <+><-> !
h = 12, m = 2, s = 12
Change over the blocking function PR_B, TR_B <ENTER> und <TRIP>; I>, I>>, IE>, IE>> oder
<+><-> tI>, tI>>, tIE>, tIE>>

1)
refer to 4.4
2)
only Modbus

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 21
 Function Display shows Pressed push button Corresponding LED
Blocking of the protection function BLOC, NO_B <+> <-><SELECT/RESET> I>, I>>, IE>, IE>>
Save parameter! SAV! <ENTER> for about 3 s
Software version First part (e.g. D01-) <TRIP>
Sec. part (e.g. 8.00) one time for each part
Manual trip TRI? <TRIP> three times
Inquire password PSW? <TRIP><ENTER>
Relay tripped TRIP <TRIP>
or after fault tripping
Secret password input XXXX <SELECT/RESET>
<+><-><ENTER>
System reset SEG <SELECT/RESET>
for about 3 s

Table 5.1: possible indication messages on the display

1)
refer to 4.4
2)
only Modbus

22 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
5.2 Setting procedure 5.3.3 Display of residual voltage UE
as primary quantity (Uprim/Usec)
After push button <SELECT/RESET> has been pressed,
always the next measuring value is indicated. Firstly The residual voltage can be shown as primary measur-
the operating measuring values are indicated and then ing value. For this parameter the transformation ratio of
the setting parameters. By pressing the <ENTER> push the VT has to be set accordingly. If the parameter is
button the setting values can directly be called up and set to "SEK", the measuring value is shown as rated
changed. Before parameter setting can be started the secondary voltage.
relevant password must be entered (refer to chapter
4.4 of the "MR Digital Multifunctional Relay" descrip- Example:
tion). The voltage transformer used is of 10 kV/100 V. The
transformation ratio is 100 and this value has to be set
accordingly. If still the rated secondary voltage should
5.3 System parameter be shown, the parameter is to be set to 1.

5.3.1 Display of measuring values as

primary quantities (Iprim phase) 5.3.4 Voltage transformer connection for
residual voltage measuring
With this parameter it is possible to show the indica- (3pha/e-n/1:1)
tion as primary measuring value. For this purpose the
parameter must be set to be equal with the rated pri- Depending on the connection of the voltage trans-
mary CT current. If the parameter is set to "SEK", the former of ER/XR-relay types three possibilities of the
measuring value is shown as a multiple of the rated residual voltage measurement can be chosen
secondary CT current. (see chapter 4.5).

Example:
The current transformer used is of 1500/5 A. The 5.3.5 Nominal frequency
flowing current is 1380 A. The parameter is set to
1500 A and on the display "1380 A" are shown. If The adapted FFT-algorithm requires the nominal fre-
the parameter is set to "SEK", the value shown on the quency as a parameter for correct digital sampling
display is "0.92" x In. and filtering of the input currents.
By pressing <SELECT> the display shows "f=50" or
Note: "f=60". The desired nominal frequency can be ad-
The pick-up value is set to a multiple of the rated sec- justed by <+> or <-> and then stored with <ENTER>.
ondary CT current.

5.3.6 Display of the activation storage

5.3.2 Display of earth current as primary (FLSH/NOFL)
quantity (Iprim earth)
If after an activation the existing current drops again
The parameter of this function is to be set in the same below the pickup value, e.g. I>, without a trip has
way as that described under 5.3.1. If the parameter is been initiated, LED I> signals that an activation has
not set to "SEK", to relay types MRI3-X and MRI3-XR it occurred by flashing fast. The LED keeps flashing until
applies too, that the measuring value is shown as pri- it is reset again (push button <RESET>). Flashing can
mary current in ampere. Apart from that the indication be suppressed when the parameter is set to NOFL.
refers to % of IN.

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 23
5.3.7 Parameter switch/external 5.4 Parameter protection
triggering of the fault recorder
5.4.1 Pickup current for phase
By means of the parameter-change-over switches it is overcurrent element (I>)
possible to activate two different parameter sets.
Switching over of the parameter sets can either be The setting value for this parameter that appears on
done by means of software or via the external inputs the display is related to the nominal current (IN) of the
RESET or blocking input. Alternatively, the external in- relay. This means: pickup current (Is) = displayed value
puts can be used for Reset or blocking of the triggering x nominal current (IN) e.g. displayed value = 1.25
of the fault recorder. then, Is = 1.25 x IN.

Software- Blocking input RESET Input

parameter used as use as 5.4.2 Time current characteristics for
SET1 Blocking input RESET Input phase overcurrent element
SET2 Blocking input RESET Input (CHAR I>)
B_S2 Parameter switch RESET Input
R_S2 Blocking input Parameter By setting this parameter, one of the following 6 mes-
switch sages appears on the display:
B_FR Ext. triggering of Reset input DEFT - Definite Time
the FR NINV - Normal Inverse
R_FR Blocking input Ext. Trigger for VINV - Very Inverse
FR EINV - Extremely Inverse
S2_FR Parameter switch Ext. Trigger for RINV - RI-Inverse
FR LINV - Long Time Inverse
Anyone of these four characteristics can be changed
With the settings SET1 or SET2 the parameter set is by using <+> <->-push buttons, and can be stored by
activated by software. Terminals C8/D8 and D8/E8 using <ENTER>-push button.
are then available as external reset input or blocking
input.
5.4.3 Trip delay or time factor for
With the setting B_S2 the blocking input (D8, E8) is phase overcurrent element (tI>)
used as parameter-set change-over switch. With the
setting R_S2 the reset input (D8, E8) is used as pa- Usually, after the characteristic is changed, the time
rameter-set change-over switch. With the setting B_FR delay or the time multiplier should be changed accord-
the fault recorder is activated immediately by using the ingly. In order to avoid an unsuitable arrangement of
blocking input. On the front plate the LED FR will then relay modes due to carelessness of the operator, the
light up for the duration of the recording. With the set- following precautions are taken:
ting R_FR the fault recorder is activated via the reset
input. With the setting S2_FR parameter set 2 can be If, through a new setting, another relay characteristic
activated via the blocking input and/or the fault re- other than the old one has been chosen (e.g. from
corder via the reset input. DEFT to NINV), but the time delay setting has not been
The relevant function is then activated by applying the changed despite the warning from the flashing LED,
auxiliary voltage to one of the external inputs. the relay will be set to the most sensitive time setting
value of the selected characteristics after five minutes
Important note: warning of flashing LED tI>. The most sensitive time set-
When functioning as parameter change over facility, ting value means the fastest tripping for the selected re-
the external input RESET is not available for resetting. lay characteristic. If a definite time characteristic has
When using the external input BLOCKING the protec- been selected, the display shows the trip delay in sec-
tion functions must be deactivated by software block- onds. When selecting an inverse time characteristic,
ing separately (refer to chapter 5.7.1). the time multiplier appears on the display. Both settings
can be charges by push-buttons <+><->. When the
time delay or the time multiplier is set out of range
(Text "EXIT" appears on the display), the low set ele-
ment of the overcurrent relay is blocked. The "WARN"-
relay will not be blocked.

24 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
 5.4.6 Trip delay for high set element (tI>>)

For the MRI3-version with directional feature, the dif- Independent from the chosen tripping characteristic for
ferent trip time delays or the time multipliers can be I>, the high set element I>> has always a definite-time
chosen for forward and backward faults. tripping characteristic. An indication value in seconds
By setting the trip delay, the actual set value for for- appears on the display.
ward faults appears on the display first and the LED
under the arrows is alight green. It can be changed The setting procedure for forward- or backward faults,
with push button <+> <-> and then stored with push described in chapter 5.4.3, is also valid for the trip-
button <ENTER>. After that, the actual trip delay (or ping time of the high set element.
time factor) for backward faults appears on the display
by pressing push button <SELECT> and the LED under
the arrows is alight red. 5.4.7 Relay characteristic angle RCA
Usually this set value should be set longer than the one
for forward faults, so that the relay obtains its selectiv- The characteristic angle for directional feature in the
ity during forward faults. If the time delays are set phase current path can be set by parameter RCA to
equally for both forward and backward faults, the re- 15°, 27°, 38°, 49°, 61°, 72° or 83°, leading to the
lay trips in both cases with the same time delay, respective reference voltage (see chapter 4.3).
namely without directional feature.

Note: 5.4.8 Pickup value for residual voltage

When selecting dependent tripping characteristics at UE (ER/XR-relay type)
relays with directional phase current detection, atten-
tion must be paid that a clear directional detection will Regardless of the preset earth current, an earth fault is
be assured only after expiry of 40 ms. only identified if the residual voltage exceeds the set
reference value. This value is indicated in volt.

5.4.4 Reset setting for all tripping cha-

racteristics in the phase current path 5.4.9 Pickup current for earth fault
element (IE>)
To ensure tripping, even with recurring fault pulses
shorter than the set trip delay, the reset mode for in- (Similar to chapter 5.4.1)
verse time tripping characteristics can be switched The pickup value of X and XR-relay type relates to %
over. If the adjustment tRST is set at 60 s, the tripping IN .
time is only reset after 60 s faultless condition. This
function is not available if tRST is set to 0. With fault
current cease the trip delay is reset immediately and 5.4.10 WARN/TRIP changeover
started again at recurring fault current. (E/X and ER/XR-relay type)

A detected earth fault can be parameterized as fol-

5.4.5 Current setting for high set element lows. After delay time.
(I>>) a) "warn" only the alarm relay trips
b) "trip" the trip relay trips and tripping values are
The current setting value of this parameter appearing stored.
on the display is related to the rated current of the re-
lay.
This means: I>> = displayed value x IN.
When the current setting for high set element is set out
of range (on display appears "EXIT"), the high set ele-
ment of the overcurrent relay is blocked.
The high set element can be blocked via terminals
E8/D8 if the corresponding blocking parameter is set
to bloc (refer to chapter 5.7.1).

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 25
5.4.11 Time current characteristics for 5.4.17 SOLI/RESI changeover
earth fault element (CHAR IE) (SR-relay type)
(not for ER/XR-relay type)

By setting this parameter, one of the following 7 mes- Depending on the method of neutral-point connection
sages appears on the display: of the system to be protected, the directional element
for the earth-current circuit must be set to "SOLI" (= sol-
DEFT - Definite Time (independent overcurrent idly earthed) or "RESI" = (resistance earthed).
time protection)
NINV - Normal inverse (Type A)
VINV - Very inverse (Type B) 5.4.18 Block/Trip – time
EINV - Extremely inverse (Type C)
RINV RI-Inverse The block/trip time serves for detection of a c.b. fail-
LINV Long Time Inverse ure protection by rear interlocking. It is activated by
RXID Special characteristic setting the blocking input D8/E8 and by setting the
parameter to TR_B. After the set block/trip time has
Anyone of these four characteristics can be chosen by expired, the relay can be tripped if the excitation of a
using <+> <->-pushbuttons, and can be stored by us- protective function has been applied the delay time of
ing <ENTER>-pushbutton. which has expired and the blocking function is still ac-
tive. If the parameter PR_B is set, the individual protec-
tion stages are blocked (refer to Chapter 5.7.1).
5.4.12 Trip delay or time multiplier for
earth fault element (tIE>>)
5.4.19 Circuit breaker failure protection
(Similar to chapter 5.4.3) tCBFP

The CB failure protection is based on supervision of

5.4.13 Reset mode for inverse time phase currents during tripping events. Only after trip-
tripping in earth current path ping this protective function becomes active. The test
criterion is whether all phase currents are dropped to
(Similar to chapter 5.4.4) <1% x IN within tCBFP (Circuit Breaker Failure Protection
- adjustable between 0.1 - 2.0 s). If not all of the
phase currents have dropped to <1%xIN within this
5.4.14 Current setting for high set element time, CB failure is detected and the related relay acti-
of earth fault supervision (IE>>) vated. The CB failure protection function is deactivated
again as soon as the phase currents have dropped to
(Similar to chapter 5.4.5) <1% x IN within tCBFP
The pickup value of X and XR-relay type relates to % IN.

5.4.20 Adjustment of the slave address

5.4.15 Trip delay for high set element
of earth fault supervision (tIE>>) Pressing push buttons <+> and <-> the slave ad-
dresscan be set in the range of 1-32.
(Similar to chapter 5.4.6)

5.4.16 COS/SIN Measurement 5.4.21 Setting of Baud-rate (applies for

(ER/XR-relay type) Modbus Protocol only)

Depending on the neutral earthing connection of the Different transmission rates (Baud rate) can be set for
protected system the directional element of the earth data transmission via Modbus protokol.
fault relay must be preset to cos ϕ or sin ϕ measure- The rate can be changed by push buttons <+> and
ment. <-> and saved by pressing <ENTER>.
By pressing <SELECT> the display shows "COS" resp.
"SIN". The desired measuring principle can be se-
lected by <+> or <-> and must be entered with pass-
word.

26 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
5.4.22 Setting of parity (applies for 5.5.3 Adjustment of trigger occurrences
Modbus Protocol only)
There is a choice between four different occurrences:
The following three parity settings are possible :
P_UP (PickUP) Storage is initiated after recognition
• "even" = even of a general activation
• "odd" = odd TRIP Storage is initiated after a trip has
• "no" = no parity check occurred
A_PI (After Pickup) Storage is initiated after the last
The setting can be changed by push buttons <+> and activation threshold was fallen
<-> and saved by pressing <ENTER>. short of.
TEST Storing is activated by simultaneous
actuation of the keys <+> and <->.
5.5 Fault recorder During the recording time the
display shows “Test”.
5.5.1 Adjustment of the fault recorder

The MRI3 is equipped with a fault recorder (see chap- 5.5.4 Pre-trigger time (Tpre)
ter 3.2.1). Three parameters can be determined.
By the time Tpre it is determined which period of time
prior to the trigger occurrence should be stored as
5.5.2 Number of the fault recordings well. It is possible to adjust a time between 0.05s and
8s. With keys <+> and <-> the values can be
The max. recording time is 16 s at 50 Hz or 13.33 s changed and with <ENTER> be saved.
at 60 Hz.

The number of max. recordings requested has to be 5.6 Adjustment of the clock
determined in advance. There is a choice of (1)* 2,
(3)* 4 or (7)* 8 recordings and dependent on this the When adjusting the date and time, LED ! lights up.
duration of the individual fault recordings is defined, The adjustment method is as follows:
i.e.
Date : Year Y=00
(1)* 2 recordings for a duration of 8 s (with 50 Hz) Month M=00
(6.66 s with 60 Hz) Day D=00
(3)* 4 recordings for a duration of 4 s (with 50 Hz)
(3.33 s with 60 Hz) Time : Hour h=00
(7)* 8 recordings for a duration of 2 s (with 50 Hz) Minute m=00
(1.66 s with 60 Hz) Second s=00
* is written over at new trigger signal
The clock starts with the set date and time as soon as
the supply voltage is switched on. The time is safe-
guarded against short-term voltage failures (min. 6
minutes).

Note:
The window for parameter setting of the clock is located
behind the measured value display. The parameter win-
dow can be accessed via the <SELECT/RESET> key.

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 27
5.7 Additional functions

5.7.1 Blocking the protection functions

and assignment of the output relays

Blocking of the protective functions: Function Display LED/Colour

The MRI3-IHE is equipped with a blocking function Blocking of the protection PR_B I>; I>>; IE>;
that can be parameterized arbitrary. Connecting sup- stage IE>>
ply voltage to terminals D8/E8 blocking of those func- Blocking of the trip function TR_B tI>; tI>>; tIE>;
tions which were selected by the user takes place. tIE>>
It is possible to choose between two types of protec- I> Overcurrent NO_B I> red
tive blocking: I>> Short circuit BLOC I>> red
1. Blocking of the individual protection stages. The IE> Earth current NO_B IE> red
excitation of the blocked protection stage is 1st element
blocked.. IE>> Earth current NO_B IE>> red
2. Blocking of the individual tripping stages. The in- 2nd element
dividual protection stages are excited and the set tCBFP Circuit breaker NO_B CB green
tripping time expires. Tripping only takes place failure protection
when:
a) the voltage at the blocking input D8/E8 is re- Table 5.2: Default settings of both parameter sets
duced;
b) the voltage at the blocking input D8/E8 is ap- Assignment of the output relays:
plied, the tripping time and the blocking time have Unit MRI3 has five output relays. The fifth output relay
expired. (refer to Chapter 5.4.8) is provided as permanent alarm relay for self supervi-
sion is normally on. Output relays 1 - 4 are normally
Parameter setting is to be carried out as follows: off and can be assigned as alarm or tripping relays to
• After the <ENTER> and <TRIP> keys have been the current functions which can either be done by us-
actuated simultaneously, the display shows the text ing the push buttons on the front plate or via serial in-
"PR_B" (the protection stages are blocked) or terface RS485. The assignment of the output relays is
"TR_B" (the tripping stages are blocked). similar to the setting of parameters, however, only in
• The settings can be changed by actuating the the assignment mode. The assignment mode can be
keys <+> or <->. In this procedure, the LEDs I>; reached only via the blocking mode.
I>>; IE>; IE>> are simultaneously alight in case of By pressing push button <SELECT/RESET> in blocking
protective blocking "PR_B" and LEDs tI>; tI>>; tIE>, mode again, the assignment mode is selected.
tIE>> simultaneously emit light in case of trip
blocking "TR_B". The relays are assigned as follows: LEDs I>, I>>, IE>,
• Actuation of the <ENTER> key with a one-time en- IE>> are two-coloured and light up green when the out-
try of the password will store the set function. put relays are assigned as alarm relays and red as
• After this actuate the <SELECT/RESET> key to call tripping relays.
up the first blockable protection function. In addition, the LED →← also lights up with each ad-
• The display will show the text "BLOC" (the respec- justment. Green means forward and red backward di-
tive function is blocked) or "NO_B" (the respective rection.
function is not blocked.
• Actuation of the <ENTER> key will store the set Definition:
function. Alarm relays are activated at pickup.
• By pressing the <SELECT/RESET> pushbutton, all Tripping relays are only activated after elapse of the
further protective function that can be blocked are tripping delay.
called one after the other.
After selection of the last blocking function renewed
pressing of the <SELECT/RESET> pushbutton switches
to the assignment mode of the output relays.

28 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
After the assignment mode has been activated, first Note:
LED I> lights up green. Now one or several of the four • The function of jumper J2 described in general de-
output relays can be assigned to current element I> as scription "MR Digital Multifunctional Relays" has no
alarm relays. At the same time the selected alarm re- function. For relays without assignment mode this
lays for frequency element 1 are indicated on the dis- jumper is used for parameter setting of alarm relays
play. Indication "1_ _ _" means that output relay 1 is (activation at pickup or tripping).
assigned to this current element. When the display • A form is attached to this description where the set-
shows "_ _ _ _", no alarm relay is assigned to this cur- ting requested by the customer can be filled-in. This
rent element. The assignment of output relays 1 - 4 to form is prepared for fax transmission and can be
the current elements can be changed by pressing <+> used for your own reference as well as for tele-
and <-> push buttons. The selected assignment can be phone queries.
stored by pressing push button <ENTER> and subse-
quent input of the password. By pressing push button
<SELECT/RESET>, LED I> lights up red. The output re-
lays can now be assigned to this current element as
tripping relays.

Relays 1 - 4 are selected in the same way as de-

scribed before. By repeatedly pressing of the
<SELECT/RESET> push button and assignment of the
relays all elements can be assigned separately to the
relays. The assignment mode can be terminated at any
time by pressing the <SELECT/RESET> push button for
some time (abt. 3 s).
Relay function Output relays Display- Lighted LED
2 3 4 indication
I> (V) alarm X _2__ I>; →← green
tI> (V) tripping X 1___ tI>; →← green
I> (R) alarm X _2__ I>; →← red
tI> (R) tripping X 1___ tI>; →← red
I>> (V) alarm X __3_ I>>; →← green
tI>> (V) tripping X 1___ tI>>; →← green
I>> (R) alarm X __3_ I>>; →← red
tI>> (R) tripping X 1___ tI>>;→← red
IE> (V) alarm X ___4 IE>; →← green
tIE> (V) tripping X 1___ tIE>; →← green
IE> (R) alarm X ___4 IE>>; →← red
tIE> (R) tripping X 1___ tIE>>; →← red
IE>> (V) alarm X ___4 IE>>; →← green
tIE>> (V) tripping X 1___ tIE>>; →← green
IE>> (R) alarm X ___4 IE>>; →← red
tIE>> (R) tripping X 1___ tIE>>; →← red
tCBFP tripping ____ C.B.; red

(V) = forward direction;

(R) = backward direction

This way, a tripping relay can be set for

each activation and tripping direction.

Table 5.4: Example of assignment matrix of the output relays (default settings).

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 29
5.8 Setting value calculation 5.9 Indication of measuring and fault
values
5.8.1 Definite time overcurrent element
5.9.1 Indication of measuring values
Low set element (I>)
The pickup current setting is determined by the load The following measuring quantities can be indicated
capacity of the protected object and by the smallest on the display during normal service:
fault current within the operating range. The pickup • Apparent current in phase 1 (LED L1 green),
current is usually selected about 20% for power lines, • active current in Phase 1 (LED L1 and IP green),*
about 50% for transformers and motors above the • reactive current in Phase 1 (LED L1 and IQ green),*
maximum expected load currents. • apparent current in phase 2 (LED L2 green),
• active current in Phase 2 (LED L2 and IP green),*
The delay of the trip signal is selected with considera- • reactive current in Phase 2 (LED L2 and IQ green),*
tion to the demand on the selectivity according to sys- • apparent current in phase 3 (LED L3 green),
tem time grading and overload capacity of the pro- • active current in Phase 3 (LED L3 and IP green),*
tected object. • reactive current in Phase 3 (LED L3 and IQ green),*
• apparent earth current (LED E green),
High set element (I>>) • active earth current (LED E and IP green),*
The high set element is normally set to act for near-by • reactive earth current (LED E and IQ green),*
faults. A very good protective reach can be achieved • residual voltage UR (LED UE) only at ER/XR-relay
if the impedance of the protected object results in a type,
well-defined fault current. In case of a line-transformer • angle between IE and UE (only ER/XR)
combination the setting values of the high set element (LED E green, LED IE> yellow and LED UE> yellow).
can even be set for the fault inside the transformer.
The time delay for high set element is always inde- * only in case that the directional option is built in.
pendent to the fault current.
The indicated current measuring values refer to rated
current. (For MRI3-XR/X relays the indicated measur-
5.8.2 Inverse time overcurrent element ing values refer to % of IN)

Beside the selection of the time current characteristic

one set value each for the phase current path and
earth current path is adjusted.

Low set element I>

The pickup current is determined according to the
maximum expected load current. For example:
Current transformer ratio: 400/5 A
Maximum expected load current: 300 A
Overload coefficient: 1.2 (assumed)
Starting current setting:
Is = (300/400) x 1.2 = 0.9 x IN

Time multiplier setting

The time multiplier setting for inverse time overcurrent is
a scale factor for the selected characteristics. The
characteristics for two adjacent relays should have a
time interval of about 0.3 - 0.4 s.

High set element I>>

The high set current setting is set as a multiplier of the
nominal current. The time delay tI>> is always inde-
pendent to the fault current.

30 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
5.9.2 Units of the measuring values
displayed

The measuring values can optionally be shown in the Earth current (normal):
display as a multiple of the "sec" rated value (xln) or as
primary current (A). According to this the units of the Indication as Range Unit
display change as follows: Secondary current .000 – 15.0 x In
Active portion IP ±.00 – 15 x In
Phase current: Reactive portion IQ ±.00 – 15. x In
(E/SR/ER types)
Indication as Range Unit Primary earth .000 – 999. A
Secondary current 0.00 – 40.0 x In current k000 – k999 kA*
Active portion IP ±.00 – 40 x In 1k00 – 9k99 kA
Reactive portion IQ ±.00 – 40. x In 10k0 – 99k0 kA
100k – 999k kA
Primary current .000 – 999. A
1M00 – 2M00 MA
k000 – k999 kA*
Active portion IP ±.00 – ±999 A
1k00 – 9k99 kA
±k00 – ±k99 kA*
10k0 – 99k0 kA
±1k0 – ±9k9 kA
100k – 999k kA
±10k – ±99k kA
1M00 – 2M00 MA
±M10 – ±M99 MA
active portion IP ±.00 – ±999 A
±1M0 – ±2M0 MA
±k00 – ±k99 kA*
Reactive portion IQ ±.00 – ±999 A
±1k0 – ±9k9 kA
±k00 – ±k99 kA*
±10k – ±99k kA
±1k0 – ±9k9 kA
±M10 – ±M99 MA
±10k – ±99k kA
±1M0 – ±2M0 MA
±M10 – ±M99 MA
Reactive portion IQ ±.00 – ±999 A
±1M0 – ±2M0 MA
±k00 – ±k99 kA*
* rated current transformer >2kA
±1k0 – ±9k9 kA
±10k – ±99k kA
Earth voltage:
±M10 – ±M99 MA
±1M0 – ±2M0 MA
Indication as Range Unit
*rated current transformer >2kA
sec. Voltage 000V – 999V V
primary voltage .000 – 999V KV
Earth current (sensitive):
1K00 – 9K99 KV
Indication as Range Unit 10K0 – 99K9 KV
Secondary current .000 – 15.0 x In 100K – 999K KV
Active portion IP ±.00 – 15 x In 1M00 – 3M00 MV
Reactive portion IQ ±.00 – 15 x In
(X/XR types)
Primary earth 00m0 – 99m9 mA* 5.9.3 Indication of fault data
current 100m – 999m mA*
.000 – 999. A All faults detected by the relay are indicated on the
k000 – k999 kA* front plate optically. For this purpose, the four LEDs (L1,
1k00 – 9k99 kA L2, L3, E) and the four function LEDs (I>, I>>, IE>,
Active portion IP ±00m - ±99m mA* IE>> und →←) are equipped at MRI3. Not only fault
±.10 – ±999 A messages are transmitted, the display also indicates
±k00 – ±k99 kA** the tripped protection function. If, for example an
±1k0 – ±9k9 kA overcurrent occurs, first the corresponding LEDs will
light up. LED I> lights up at the same time. After trip-
Reactive portion IQ ±00m - ±99m mA*
ping the LEDs are lit permanently.
±.00 – ±999 A
±k00 – ±k99 kA**
±1k0 – ±9k9 kA
* rated current transformer 0.019kA
** rated current transformer 20kA

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 31
5.9.4 Fault memory Recorded fault values:

When the relay is energized or trips, all fault data and Value displayed Relevant LED
times are stored in a non-volatile memory manner. The Phase currents L1, L2, L3 in I/In L1, L2, L3
MRI3 is provided with a fault value recorder for max. Earth current IE in I/IEn E
five fault occurrences. In the event of additional trip- C.B. switching time in s 1) C.B.
pings always the oldest data set is written over. Expired tripping time of I> I>
in % of tI> 2)
For fault indication not only the trip values are re- Expired tripping time of IE> IE>
corded but also the status of LEDs. Fault values are in- in % of tIE> 2)
dicated when push buttons <-> or <+> are pressed
Time stamp
during normal measuring value indication.
Date: Y = 99 !
• Normal measuring values are selected by pressing
M = 04 !
the <SELECT/RESET> button.
D = 20 !
• When then the <-> button is pressed, the latest fault
data set is shown. By repeated pressing the <-> time: h = 11 !
button the last but one fault data set is shown etc. m = 59 !
For indication of fault data sets abbreviations FLT1, s = 13 !
FLT2, FLT3, ... are displayed (FLT1 means the latest Table 5.3
fault data set recorded). At the same time the pa-
1)
rameter set active at the occurrence is shown. C.B. tripping time:
• By pressing <SELECT/RESET> the fault measuring Time between energizing of the trip output relay
values can be scrolled. and switching of the C.B. (current < 1 % IN)).
• By pressing <+> it can be scrolled back to a more
2)
recent fault data set. At first FLT8, FLT7, ... are al- Expired tripping time:
ways displayed. When fault recording is indicated Time between pickup and release of the low set
(FLT1 etc), the LEDs flash in compliance with the element. This value is only displayed for I> and IE>.
stored trip information, i.e. those LEDs which
showed a continuous light when the fault occurred
are now blinking blinking to indicate that it is not a 5.10 Reset
current fault. LEDs which were blinking blinking dur-
ing trip conditions, (element had picked up) just Unit MRI3 has the following three possibilities to reset
briefly flash. thedisplay of the unit as well as the output relay at
• If the relay is still in trip condition and not yet reset jumper position J3=ON.
(TRIP is still displayed), no measuring values can be
shown. Manual Reset
• To delete the trip store, the push button combina- • Pressing the push button <SELECT/RESET> for some
tion <SELECT/RESET> and <-> has to be pressed time (about 3 s)
for about 3s. The display shows “wait”.
Electrical Reset
• Through applying auxiliary voltage to C8/D8

Software Reset
• The software reset has the same effect as the
<SELECT/RESET> push button (see also communica-
tion protocol of RS485 interface).

The display can only be reset when the pickup is not

present anymore (otherwise "TRIP" remains in display).
During resetting of the display the parameters are not
affected.

5.10.1 Erasure of fault storage

The fault storage is erased by pressing the key combi-

nation <SELECT/RESET> and <-> for about 3 s. At the
display "Wait" appears.

32 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
6 Relay testing and 6.3 Checking the set values
commissioning
By repeatedly pressing the push button <SELECT>, all
The test instructions following below help to verify the relay set values may be checked. Set value modifica-
protection relay performance before or during commis- tion can be done with the push button <+><-> and
sioning of the protection system. To avoid a relay <ENTER>. For detailed information about that, please
damage and to ensure a correct relay operation, be refer to chapter 5.
sure that: For a correct relay operation, be sure that the fre-
• The auxiliary power supply rating corresponds to the quency set value (f=50/60) has been selected ac-
auxiliary voltage on site. cording to your system frequency (50 or 60 Hz).
• The rated current and rated voltage of the relay cor-
respond to the plant data on site.
• The current transformer circuits and voltage trans- 6.4 Secondary injection test
former circuits are connected to the relay correctly.
• All signal circuits and output relay circuits are con- 6.4.1 Test equipment
nected correctly.
• Voltmeter, Ammeter with class 1 or better,
• auxiliary power supply with the voltage correspond-
6.1 Power-On ing to the rated data on the type plate,
• single-phase current supply unit (adjustable from
NOTE! 0 to ≥ 4 x In),
Prior to switch on the auxiliary power supply, be sure • single-phase voltage supply unit (adjustable from 0
that the auxiliary supply voltage corresponds with the to ≥ 1.2 x Un) (Only for relays with directional fea-
rated data on the type plate. ture),
Switch on the auxiliary power supply to the relay and • timer to measure the operating time
check that the message "ISEG" appears on the display (Accuracy class ≤ ±10 ms),
and the self supervision alarm relay (watchdog) is en- • switching device and
ergized (Contact terminals D7 and E7 closed). • test leads and tools.

6.2 Testing the output relays and LEDs

NOTE!
Prior to commencing this test, interrupt the trip circuit to
the circuit breaker if tripping is not desired.
By pressing the push button <TRIP> once, the display
shows the first part of the software version of the relay
(e.g. “D08-”). By pressing the push button <TRIP>
twice, the display shows the second part of the soft-
ware version of the relay (e.g. “4.01”). The software
version should be quoted in all correspondence. Press-
ing the <TRIP> button once more, the display shows
"PSW?". Please enter the correct password to proceed
with the test. The message "TRI?" will follow. Confirm
this message by pressing the push button <TRIP>
again. All output relays should then be activated and
the self supervision alarm relay (watchdog) be deacti-
vated one after another with a time interval of
3 second and all LEDs with a delay of 0.5 seconds,
with the self-supervision relay dropping. Thereafter, re-
set all output relays back to their normal positions by
pressing the push button <SELECT/RESET> (about 3 s).

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 33
6.4.2 Example of test circuit for MRI3
relays without directional feature

For testing MRI3 relays without directional feature,

only current input signals are required. Figure 6.1
shows a simple example of a single phase test circuit
with adjustable current energizing the MRI3 relay un-
der test.

Figure 6.1: Test circuit

6.4.3 Checking the input circuits and 6.4.4 Checking the operating and
measured values resetting values of the relay

Inject a current, which is less than the relay pickup cur- Inject a current which is less than the relay set values in
rent set values, in phase 1 (terminals B3-B4), and phase 1 of the relay and gradually increase the cur-
check the measured current on the display by pressing rent until the relay starts, i.e. at the moment when the
the push button <SELECT>. For a relay with rated cur- LED I> and L1 light up or the alarm output relay I> is
rent In = 5A, for example, a secondary current injec- activated. Read the operating current indicated by the
tion of 1A should be indicated on the display with ammeter. The deviation must not exceed 3% of the set
about 0.2 (0.2 x In). When parameter Iprim = „SEK“ operating value or 1% In.
is set, the indication is 0.2 x In and at „5“ the indica- Furthermore, gradually decrease the current until the re-
tion is 1.00 [A]. The current can be also injected into lay resets, i.e. the alarm output relay I> is disengaged.
the other current input circuits (Phase 2: terminals B5- Check that the resetting current is smaller than 0.97
B6, Phase 3: terminals B7-B8. Compare the displayed times the operating current.
current value with the reading of the ammeter. The de- Repeat the test on phase 2, phase 3 and earth current
viation must not exceed 3% or 1% In. By using an input circuits in the same manner.(Accuracy of earth
RMS-metering instrument, a greater deviation may be current measuring ±3% of measuring value or
observed if the test current contains harmonics. Be- 0.1% of In for E-type; 0.01% of In for X-type).
cause the MRI3 relay measures only the fundamental
component of the input signals, the harmonics will be
rejected by the internal DFFT-digital filter. Whereas the
RMS-metering instrument measures the RMS-value of
the input signals.

34 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
6.4.5 Checking the relay operating time 6.4.6 Checking the high set element
of the relay
To check the relay operating time, a timer must be
connected to the trip output relay contact. The timer Set a current above the set operating value of I>>. In-
should be started simultaneously with the current injec- ject the current instantaneously and check that the
tion in the current input circuit and stopped by the trip alarm output relay I>> operates. Check the tripping
relay contact. Set the current to a value corresponding time of the high set element according chapter 6.4.5.
to twice the operating value and inject the current in- Check the accuracy of the operating current setting by
stantaneously. The operating time measured by the gradually increasing the injected current until the I>>
timer should have a deviation of less than 3% of the element picks up. Read the current value form the am-
set value or ±10 ms (DEFT). Accuracy for inverse time meter and compare with the desired setting.
characteristics refer to IEC 255-3. Repeat the entire test on other phases and earth cur-
Repeat the test on the other phases or with the inverse rent input circuits in the same manner.
time characteristics in the similar manner.
In case of inverse time characteristics the injected cur- Note !
rent should be selected according to the characteristic Where test currents >4 x IN are used, the thermal with-
curve, e.g. two times IS. The tripping time may be red stand capability of the current paths has to be consid-
from the characteristic curve diagram or calculated ered (see technical data, chapter 7.1).
with the equations given under "technical data".
Please observe that during the secondary injection test
the test current must be very stable, not deviating more
than 1%. Otherwise the test results may be wrong.

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 35
6.4.7 Example of a test circuit for MRI3
relay with directional feature

Figure 6.2: Test circuit

For testing relays with directional feature, current and In order to test the directional feature, all thresholds
voltage input signals with adjustable phase shifting are should first be set to “EXIT”. Then a test voltage equiva-
required. Figure 6.2 shows an example of a single lent to the rated voltage is connected to terminals
phase test circuit with adjustable voltage and current A5/A7 and a current of 1 x In is impressed upon the
energizing the MRI3 relay under test. current inputs B3/B4.
For testing a relay with directional feature, one of the It is now possible to read and check all measured val-
input energizing quantity (voltage) shall be applied to ues in accordance with Table 6.1. If the phase posi-
the relay with a constant value within its effective tion is changed, the values IQ and IP change. If the
range. The other input energizing quantity (current) angle is changed by 90o, for example, the measured
and phase angle shall be appropriately varied. value for current input I1 must be 1.0 for IP and
MRI3 is a three phase directional time overcurrent re- ±0.0 for IQ.
lay with relay connection angle of 0°. The relay input
currents and their corresponding reference voltages are Determining the change in direction
shown in Table 6.1 (also refer to 4.3):
The angle of greatest sensitivity for determining the
If the single phase test circuit as illustrated in phase direction is adjustable between 15o and 83o.
Figure 6.2 is applied to test the directional feature of Consequently, the greatest sensitivity is achieved with
the relay and the current source is connected to setting 49o if the input current leads the input voltage
phase 1 current input (B3/B4), then the voltage source by 49o. This setting results in a tripping range in for-
should be connected to relay terminals A5/A7. ward direction of 139o leading to 41o lagging if the
marginal regions are neglected on account of lack in
measuring precision.

36 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
Current input Terminals Reference Terminals Display
voltage
S2/S1 L/N Phase IP IQ
I1 B3/B4 U23 A5/A7 1.00 ±3% ±0.0 ±3% In +1.0 ±3% In
I2 B5/B6 U31 A3/A7 1.00 ±3% ±0.0 ±3% In +1.0 ±3% In
I3 B7/B8 U12 A3/A5 1.00 ±3% ±0.0 ±3% In +1.0 ±3% In
E* B1/B2 U1 A3/A2 1.00 ±5% +1.0 ±5% In ±0.0 ±5% In
Table 6.1: Input currents and corresponding on the conductor voltages

* Only SR-Types

In order to check this, the following parameters should In order to determine the direction in the earth current
be set: circuit (SR version) refer to 4.11 with the characteristic
angle in the rigid grid (SOLI) and to Fig. 4.12 with the
Parameter Setting characteristic angle in the grid with resistance earthing
(RESI).
I> 0,5 x In
tI> (V) EXIT To check the trip delays for forward and backward di-
rection they have to be set differently, because there's
tI> (R) EXIT only one trip relay for both directions.
Great care must be taken to connect the test current
IE> 0,5 x In
and test voltage to the relay in correct polarity. In Fig-
tIE> (V) EXIT ure 6.2 the relay and test source polarity are indi-
cated by a * mark near the terminals. The markings
tIE> (R) EXIT
indicate that the relay will trip in its maximum sensitive
Table 6.2 angle when the voltage drop from the marked end to
the non-marked end in the voltage input circuit has
for relay assignment: 49° phase angle lagging the current flowing from the
marked end to the non-marked in the current input cir-
Parameter Relays cuit. Of course, regardless of polarity, the current level
must be above the pickup value.
I> Alarm (V) _2__
I> Alarm (R) __3_
IE> Alarm (V) _2__
IE> Alarm (R) __3_
Table 6.3

A test current of 1 x In is impressed upon the current

input I1. The voltage source is to be connected as
provided for in Table 6.1. With an angle setting of
49o leading, relay 2 must respond and LED →←
lights up green. If the angle is now changed beyond
the marginal regions, the LED →← changes from
green to red. Relay 2 drops and relay 3 responds.
This test must be repeated for current inputs I2 and I3.

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 37
6.4.8 Test circuit earth fault directional feature

Figure 6.3: Test circuit

For testing relays with earth fault directional feature, With the aid of phase angle indicated on the display
current and voltage input signals with adjustable the correct function of the relay can be checked (ER-
phase shifting are required. Figure 6.3 shows an ex- relay type).
ample of a single phase test circuit with adjustable
voltage and current energizing the MRI3 relay under Parameters IE> and IE>>should be set to EXIT.
test.
For testing a relay with earth fault directional feature, The following measured values are shown:
one of the input energizing quantity (voltage) shall be
applied to the relay with a constant value within its ef- Measured value LED
fective range. The other input energizing quantity (cur-
rent) and phase angle shall be appropriately varied. Earth current E, IE>
Active share E, IP
reactive share E, IQ
Earth voltage E, UE>
Angle E, IE>, UE>
Table 6.4

38 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
6.4.9 Checking the external blocking and 6.4.11 Test of the CB failure protection
reset functions
For testing the tripping time a test current of about 2
By means of the external blocking input, it is possible times the rated current to be injected. The timer is
to block all protective functions. To give an example, started upon tripping of the relay of a protection func-
the blocking function of the phase current high set tion (I>, I>>, IE>, IE>>) and stopped as soon as the re-
element is described. lay for the CB failure protection has picked up. Mes-
This can be tested by first setting the parameter for the sage "CBFP" is displayed. The tripping time ascer-
phase current high set element to „BLOC“ and then tained by the timer should not deviate more than 1%
connecting the auxiliary voltage to terminals E8/D8. or, at short trip delay, less than ±10 ms from the set
The phase current low set element I> should be set to tripping time.
EXIT for this test. Inject a test current which could cause Alternatively, the timer can be started when the aux.
a high set (I>>) tripping. Observe that there is no trip voltage and the test current are injected simultane-
of any assigned output relay of the high set or low set ously. The timer stops when the corresponding output
element. relay for circuit breaker failure protection trips.
In this case the previously measured tripping delay has
Remove the auxiliary supply voltage from the blocking to be subtracted from the total tripping time measured.
input. Inject a test current to trip the relay (message
„TRIP“ on the display). Interrupt the test current and ap-
ply auxiliary supply voltage to the external reset input 6.5 Primary injection test
of the relay (terminals C8/D8). The display and LED
indications should be reset immediately. Generally, a primary injection test could be carried out
in the similar manner as the secondary injection test
described above. With the difference that the pro-
6.4.10 Testing the external blocking with tected power system should be, in this case, con-
Block/Trip function nected to the installed relays under test “on line”, and
the test currents and voltages should be injected to the
In order to simplify things, the short-circuit stage is to relay through the current and voltage transformers with
be tested here as described in Chapter 5.7.1. the primary side energized. Since the cost and poten-
For this purpose, the parameter for the Block/Trip func- tial hazards are very high for such a test, primary in-
tion must be set to "TR_B" (first value in the blocking jection tests are usually limited to very important protec-
menu of the protection functions Chapter 5.7.1. The tive relays in the power system.
appertaining Block/Trip time should be longer than
the set tripping time tI>> (see chapter 5.4.18). Here, Because of its powerful combined indicating and
too, a current is impressed which should make the measuring functions, the MRI3 relay may be tested in
short-circuit stage trip. After the Block/Trip time has the manner of a primary injection test without extra ex-
expired, tripping will take place. Tripping takes place penditure and time consumption.
when: In actual service, for example, the measured current
• the blocking input has been set values on the MRI3 relay display may be compared
• a tripping stage has been excited phase by phase with the current indications of the
• the appertaining tripping time has expired ammeter of the switchboard to verify that the relay
• the Block/trip time has expired works and measures correctly. In case of a MRI3 relay
with directional feature, the active and reactive parts
If the Block/Trip time is set shorter than the tripping of the measured currents may be checked and the ac-
time, tripping will only take place after the tripping tual power factor may be calculated and compared it
time has expired. with the cosϕ -meter indication on the switchboard to
verify that the relay is connected to the power system
with the correct polarity.

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 39
6.6 Maintenance

Maintenance testing is generally done on site at regu-

lar intervals. These intervals vary among users depend-
ing on many factors: e.g. the type of protective relays
employed; the importance of the primary equipment
being protected; the user's past experience with the re-
lay, etc.
For electromechanical or static relays, maintenance
testing will be performed at least once a year accord-
ing to the experiences. For digital relays like MRI3,
this interval can be substantially longer. This is be-
cause:

• The MRI3 relays are equipped with very wide self-

supervision functions, so that many faults in the relay
can be detected and signalized during service. Im-
portant: The self-supervision output relay must be
connected to a central alarm panel!
• The combined measuring functions of MRI3 relays
enable supervision the relay functions during service.
• The combined TRIP test function of the MRI3 relay al-
lows to test the relay output circuits.

A testing interval of two years for maintenance will,

therefore, be recommended.
During a maintenance test, the relay functions includ-
ing the operating values and relay tripping characteris-
tics as well as the operating times should be tested.

40 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
7 Technical data

7.1 Measuring input circuits

Rated data: Nominal current IN 1 A or 5 A

Nominal voltage UN 100 V, 230 V, 400 V
Nominal frequency fN 50 Hz; 60 Hz adjustable
Power consumption in
current circuit: at IN = 1 A 0.2 VA
at IN = 5 A 0.1 VA
Power consumption in
voltage circuit: <1 VA

Thermal withstand capability

in current circuit: dynamic current withstand
(half-wave) 250 x IN
for 1 s 100 x IN
for 10 s 30 x IN
continuously 4x IN

Thermal withstand in
voltage circuit: continuously 1.5 x UN

7.2 Common data

Dropout to pickup ratio: >97%

Dropout to pickup ratio for
phase current in range
0.2 x IN to 0.5 x IN: = 100 %
Returning time: 30 ms
Time lag error class index E: ±10 ms
Minimum operating time: 30 ms
Transient overreach at
instantaneous operation: ≤5%
Influences on the current measurement
Auxiliary voltage: in the range of 0.8 <UH / UHN <1.2
no additional influences can be measured
Frequency: in the range of 0.9 < f/fN < 1.1; <0.2% / Hz
Harmonics: up to 20% of the third harmonic; <0.08% per percent of the third harmonic
up to 20% of the fifth harmonic; <0.07% per percent of the fifth harmonic
Influences on delay times: no additional influences can be measured

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 41
7.3 Setting ranges and steps

System parameter

Setting range Step Tolerance

Iprim (SEK) 0.001...50.0 0.001; 0.002; 0.005; 0.01; 0.02; 0.05; 0.1;
IEprim kA 0.2
UE> (SEK) 1.01...6500 0.01; 0.02; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.5; 1; 2; 5; 10;
(Uprim/ 20; 50
USEK)

7.3.1 Time overcurrent protection (I-Type)

Setting range Step Tolerance

I> 0.2...4.0 x IN 0.01; 0.02; 0.05; 0.1 x IN ±3% from set value or
min. ±2% In
tI> 0.03 - 260 s 0.01; 0.02; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; ±3% or ±10 ms
(definite time) 5.0; 10; 20 s
0.05 - 10 0.01; 0.02; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2 ±3% of the measuring
(inverse time) value of the current or
±20ms (see EN60255-3)
I>> 0.5...40 x IN 0.02; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.5; 1.0 x IN ±3% from set value or
min. ±2% In
tI>> 0.03...10 s 0.01 s; 0.02 s; 0.05 s; 0.1 s; 0.2 s ±3% or ±10 ms

7.3.2 Earth fault protection (SR-Type)

Setting range Step Tolerance

I E> 0.01...2.0 x IN 0.001; 0.002; 0.005; 0.01; 0.02; 0.05 x IN ±5% from set value or
±0.3% IN
tIE> 0.03 - 260 s 0.01; 0.02; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; ±3% or ±15 ms
(definite time) 5.0; 10; 20 s
0.05 - 10 0.01; 0.02; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2 ±3% of the measuring
(inverse time) value of the current or
±20ms (see EN60255-3)
IE>> 0.01...15 x IN 0.001; 0.002; 0.005; 0.01; 0.02; 0.05; 0.1; ±5% from set value
0.2; 0.5 x IN
tIE>> 0.03...10 s 0.01 s; 0.02 s; 0.05 s; 0.1 s; 0.2 s ±3% or ±15 ms

7.3.3 Earth fault protection (E/X-Type)

Setting range Step Tolerance

I E> 0.01...2.0 x IN (EXIT) (E) 0.001; 0.002; 0.005; 0.01; 0.02; 0.05 x ±5% from set value or
0.1...20% IN (EXIT) (X) IN ±0.3% IN (E); ±0.03% IN (X)
tIE> 0.03 - 260 s 0.01; 0.02; 0,05% IN ±3% or ±15 ms
(definite time) 0.01; 0.02; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0;
0.05 - 10 5.0; 10; 20 s ±3% of the measuring value of
(inverse time) 0.01; 0.02; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2 the current or ±20ms (see
EN60255-3)
IE>> 0.01...15.0 x IN (E) 0.001; 0.002; 0.005; 0.01; 0.02; 0.05 ±5% from set value or
0.1; 0.2; 0.5 x IN ±0.3% IN (E); ±0.03% IN (X)
0.1...150% IN (EXIT) (X) 0.01; 0.02; 0,05 % IN
tIE>> 0.03...10.0 s 0.01 s; 0.02 s; 0.05 s ±3% or ±15 ms

42 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
7.3.4 Earth fault protection (ER/XR-Type)

Setting range Step Tolerance

I E> 0.01...0.45 x IN (EXIT) 0.001; 0.002; 0.005; 0.01 x IN ±5% from set value or
(ER) 0.01%; 0.02%; 0.05%; 0.1% x IN ±0.3% IN (ER); ±0.03% IN (XR)
tIE> 0.1...4.5% IN (EXIT) (XR) 0.01; 0.02; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.5; 1.0; ±3% or ±15 ms
0.05 - 260 s 2.0; 5.0; 10; 20 s
(definite time)
IE>> 0.01...0.45 x IN (EXIT) 0.001; 0.002; 0.005; 0.01x IN ±5% from set value or
(ER) 0.01%; 0.02%; 0.05%; 0.1% x IN ±0.3% IN (ER); ±0.03% IN (XR)
tIE>> 0.1...4.5% IN (EXIT) (XR) 0.01 s; 0.02 s; 0.05 s ± 3% or ±15 ms
0.05...2.0 s
UE> UN = 100 V: ±5% from set value or
3 PHA/e-n: 1 - 70 V 1V <0.5% UN
1:1: 1- 120 V 1V

UN = 230 V:
3 PHA/e-n: 2 - 160 V 2V
1:1: 2 - 300 V 2V

UN = 400 V:
3 PHA/e-n: 5 - 300 V 5V
1:1: 5 - 500 V 5V

7.3.5 Block/Trip – time

tBLOCK/TRIP 0,1...2,0 s; EXIT 0,01; 0,02; 0,05; 0,1 s ±1% bzw. ±10 ms

7.3.6 Switch failure protection

tCBFP 0,1...2,0 s; EXIT 0,01; 0,02; 0,05; 0,1 s ±1% bzw. ±10 ms

7.3.7 Interface parameter

Function Parameter Modbus-Protocol RS485 Open Data Protocol

RS Slave-Address 1 - 32 1 - 32
RS Baud-Rate* 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 9600 (fixed)
RS Parity* even, odd, no “even Parity” (fixed)

*only Modbus Protocol

7.3.8 Parameter for the fault recorder

Function Parameter Adjustment example

FR Number of recordings (1)* 2 x 8 s; (3)* 4 x 4 s; (7)* 8 x 2 s (with 50 Hz)
(1)* 2 x 6.66 s, (3)* 4 x 3.33 s, (7)* 8 x 1.66 s
FR Saving of the recording at the occurrence P_UP; TRIP; A_PI; TEST
FR Pre-trigger-time 0.05 s – 8.00 s

* is written over at new trigger signal

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 43
7.3.9 Inverse time overcurrent protection relay

According to IEC 255-4 or BS 142

014
,
Normal Inverse (Type A) t= t > [ s]
0,02 I
 I
  −1
 Is 

135 ,
Very Inverse (Type B) t= t > [ s]
 I I
  − 1
 Is 

80
Extremely Inverse (Type C) t= t > [ s]
2 I
 I
  −1
 Is 

120
Long Time Inverse t= t I > [s]
I
  -1
 Is 

1
RI-Inverse Time t= t I > [s]
0.236
0.339 −
 I 
 
I 
 S

  I 
*RXIDG – characteristic t =  5.8 − 1.3 ⋅ ln    ⋅ t I> [s]
  Is  

Where: t = tripping time

tI> = time multiplier
I = fault current
Is = Starting current
ln = natural logarithm

*only for earth current

44 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
7.3.10 Direction unit for phase overcurrent relay

Directional sensitivity for

voltage input circuit: <0.025% UN (phase-to-phase voltage) at I = 1 x IN
Connection angle: 90°
Characteristic angle: 15°, 27°, 38°, 49°, 61°, 72°, 83°
Effective angle: ±78° related to relay characteristic angle at UN

7.3.11 Determination of earth fault direction (MRl3-ER/XR)

Measurement of active current

component for compensated systems: IE x cos ϕ
Measurement of reactive
current component for isolated systems: IE x sin ϕ
Angle measuring accuracy: ±3° at IE x cos ϕ or IE x sin ϕ >5% IE

7.3.12 Determination of earth fault direction (MRl3-SR)

Characteristic angle: "SOLI" setting - 110°

"RESI" setting - 170°
Effective angle: 45° - 309° in 5.625° - steps
±70° related to relay characteristic angle at UN / √3
Residual voltage sensitivity: <0.2% UN at I = 0.1 x IN

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 45
7.4 Inverse time characteristics

1000

1000

100
100

tI>=
10.0
8.0

t[s] 6.0 t[s] 10

10 4.0
3.0 tI>=
2.0 10.0
8.0
1.4 6.0
1 4.0
1.0
0.8 3.0
0.6 2.0
0.5 1.4
1 0.4 1.0
0.3 0.8
0.6
0.2
0.1 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1 0.05 0.1

0.05
0.1 0.01
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20
I/IS I/IS

Figure 7.1: Normal Inverse (Type A) Figure 7.3: Extremely Inverse (Type C)

100
1000

tI>=
10.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
100 5.0
4.0
10 3.0

2.0
tI>=
t[s] 10 t[s]
10.0 1.0
8.0
6.0 0.8
0.7
4.0 0.6
3.0 0.5
2.0 0.4
1 1.4
1 0.3
1.0
0.8 0.2
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.05

0.05
0.1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20
I/IS I/IS
Figure 7.2: Very Inverse (Type B) Figure 7.4: RI-Inverse

46 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
 10000

100

1000

I>
0.02 4.0
tI>= 10

100
t[s] 10.0
8.0
6.0 t[s] 260
5.0
4.0
3.0 tI>
1
2.0
10
1.0 0.03
0.8 I>>
0.6 1.0 40
0.5 2.0
0.4
0.3 tI>>
0.2 0.1
1
0.1
0.03
0.05

0.1 0.01
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 1 10
I/IS I/IN

Figure 7.5: Long Time Inverse Figure 7.7: Definite time overcurrent relay

100

tI>=
10.0
8.0

10 6.0

4.0
3.0

2.0
t[s] 1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8

1 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1
0.05

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20
I/IS
Figure 7.6: RXIDG-characteristic

7.5 Output contacts

Number of relays: dependent on relay type

Contacts: 2 change-over contacts for trip relay
1 change-over contact for alarm relays

Technical data subject to change without notice!

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 47
8 Order form

Time overcurrent- /
MRI3-
Earth fault current relay
3-phase current I>, I>>3 none *
Rated current 1A I1
5A I5
Phase fault directional
feature none *
Rated voltage² 100 V R1
230 V R2
400 V R4
Earth current measuring3 none *
Rated current standard 1A E1
5A E5
sensitive 1A X1
5A X5
1
solid 1A S1
1
grounded 5A S5
Directional feature
in earth path none *
Rated voltage² 100 V R1
in earth circuits 230 V R2
400 V R4
Housing (12TE) 19“-rack A
Flush mounting D
Communication protocol RS485 Pro Open Data; *
Modbus RTU -M

* Leave box empty if option is not desired (no extra charge)

1
Only in connection with directional detection in the earth current path
2
Both rated voltages must be the same!
3
At least one of these versions must be chosen

48 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
Setting list MRI3

Note !
All settings must be checked at site and should the occasion arise, adjusted to the object / item to be protected.

Project: SEG job.-no.:

Function group: = Location: + Relay code: -

Relay functions: Password:

Date:
Adjustment of the parameter

Systemparameter

Relay type MRI3- I IE IRE IR IER IRER ER E ISR IRSR SR Default Actual
IX IRX IXR IRXR XR X settings settings
Iprimär (phase) X X X X X X X X SEK
Iprimär (earth) X X X X X X X X X SEK
Uprim/Usek (earth) X X X SEK
1:1 / 3pha / e-n X X X 3pha
50 / 60 Hz X X X X X X X X X X X 50Hz
Indication Pickup X X X X X X X X X X X FLSH
Parameter switch/external X X X X X X X X X X X SET1
triggering for the fault re-
corder

Protection parameter

Relay type MRI3- I IE IRE IR IER IRER ER E ISR IRSR SR Default Actual
IX IRX IXR IRXR XR X Settings Settings
2 parameter sets X X X X X X X X X X X set 1 / set 2 Set 1/Set 2
I> X X X X X X X X 0.2 xin
CHAR I> X X X X X X X X DEFT
tI>(V) / tI>(R) X X X X X X X X 0.03s
0s / 60s (phase) X X X X X X X X 0s
I>> X X X X X X X X 1.0 xIN
tI>>(V) / tI>>(R) X X X X X X X X 0.03s
RCA X X X X 49°
UE> X X X 1V/2V/5V
IE> X X X X X X X X X 0.01 xIn (E) 0.1 % (X)
trip / warn X X X X X X X X X Trip
CHAR IE X X X X X X DEFT
tIE>(V) / tIE>(R) X X X X X X X X X 0.05s (ER/XR)
0.04s others
0s / 60s (Phase) X X X X X X 0s
IE>> X X X X X X X X X 0.01 xIn (E) 0.1 % (X)
tIE>>(V) / tIE>>(R) X X X X X X X X X 0.05s (ER/XR)
0.04s others
SIN / COS X X X SIN
SOLI / RESI X X X SOLI
Block/trip - time X X X X X X X X X X X EXIT
tCBFP X X X X X X X X X X X EXIT
RS485 / Slave X X X X X X X X X X X 1
Baud-Rate* X X X X X X X X X X X 9600
Parity-Check* X X X X X X X X X X X even
*only Modbus Protocol

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 49
Fault recorder

Default Actual
Function Unit settings settings
FR Number of recordings 2
FR Saving of the recording at the occurrence TRIP
FR Time prior to trigger impulse s 5
! Year settings Year Y=00
! Month settings Month M=00
! Day settings Day D=00
! Setting of the hours Hours h=00
! Setting of the minutes Minutes m=00
! Setting of the seconds seconds s=00

Setting of code jumpers

Code jumper J1 J2 J3

Default setting Actual setting Default setting Actual setting Default setting Actual setting

Plugged

Not plugged X no function X

Code jumper Low/High-range for Reset input Low/High-range for Blockage input

Default setting Actual setting Default setting Actual setting

Low=plugged X X

High=not plugged

Assignment of the output relays:

Function Relay 1 Relay 2 Relay 3 Relay 4

Default Actual Default Actual Default Actual Default Actual
setting setting setting setting setting setting setting setting
I> alarm (V) X
tI> tripping (V) X
I> alarm (R)* X X
tI> tripping (R)* X
I>> alarm (V) X
tI>> tripping (V) X
I>> alarm (R)*
tI>> tripping (R)* X
IE> alarm (V) X
tIE> tripping (V) X
IE> alarm (R)* X
tIE> tripping (R)* X
IE>> alarm (V) X
tIE>> tripping (V) X
IE>> alarm (R)* X
tIE>> tripping (R)* X
tCBFP tripping

* only relays with directional function

50 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB
Assignment of the blocking function:

Default setting Actual setting

Parameter switch Set 1 Set 2 Set 1 Set 2
Blocking the protection function PR_B PR_B PR_B
Blocking the trip step TR_B

Default setting Actual setting

Function Blocking No blocking Blocking No blocking
Parameter set Set 1 Set 2 Set 1 Set 2 Set 1 Set 2 Set 1 Set 2
I> X X
I>> X X
IE> X X
IE>> X X
tCBFP X X

This technical manual is valid for: D01-9.03 (MRI3-ER; -IER; -IRER)

Software version D20-3.03 (MRI3-XR; -IXR; -IRXR)
D24-2.03 (MRI3-X; -IX; -IXR)
D00-9.04 (MRI3; I; E; IE; IR; SR; -IRE; -ISR; -IRSR)

Modbus version number: D51-2.12 (MRI3-ER-M; -IER-M; -IRER-M)

D70-2.12 (MRI3-XR-M; -IXR-M; -IRXR-M)
D74-2.12 (MRI3-X-M; -IX-M; -IXR-M)
D50-2.12 (MRI3-M; I-M; E-M; IE-M; -IR-M; SR-M; -IRE-M; -ISR-M; -IRSR-M)

TD_MRI3_08.03_GB 51
 SEG – Schaltanlagen-Elektronik-Geräte GmbH & Co. KG
Geschäftsfeld/Division Power Protection
Krefelder Weg 47 ⋅ D – 47906 Kempen (Germany)
Postfach 10 07 55 (P.O.Box) ⋅ D – 47884 Kempen (Germany)
Phone: +49 (0) 21 52 145 1

Internet
Homepage http://www.newage-avkseg.com
Documentation http://doc.newage-avkseg.com

Sales Department
Phone: +49 (0) 21 52 145 635 (Europe)
Phone: +49 (0) 21 52 145 319 (Latin America/Asia Pacific)
Telefax: +49 (0) 21 52 145 354
e-mail: [email protected]

Service Electronic Devices

Phone: +49 (0) 21 52 145 246 ⋅ Fax: +49 (0) 21 52 145 455
e-mail: [email protected]

52 TD_MRI3_08.03_GB