MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

SPECIAL TERMINOLOGY

 Health
 Hygiene: the science of health and its preservation.
 Sanitation: the establishment of conditions
favorable to health.
 Disease
 Morbus, illness, sickness
SPECIAL TERMINOLOGY
 Nosos = disease
 Nosocomial: Denoting a new disorder associated with being
treated in a hospital, such as a hospital-acquired infection.
 Pathos = suffering
 Pathology: the branch of medicine concerned with the
cause, origin, and nature of disease, including the changes
occurring as a result of disease
 Iatros = doctor
 Iatrogenic: Induced unintentionally in a patient by a
physician. Used especially of an infection or other
complication of treatment.
 Paediatria, psychiatria, geriatria
SPECIAL TERMINOLOGY

 PhD = Philosophiae Doctor

 MD = Medicinae Doctor

 Dr. h. c. = Doctor honoris causa (honor

doctorate)
 Pharmacon = drug
 Pharmacology
MEDICINAL EDUCATION
 Curriculum vitae (cv)
 Curriculum: the aggregate of courses of study
given in a school, college, etc.
 Vitae: vital

 Anatomy
 Histology
 Cytology
 Physology
 Microbiology
SPECIAL TERMINOLOGY

 Diagnostica = diagnosis: The act or process of identifying or

determining the nature and cause of a disease or injury
through evaluation of patient history, examination, and review
of laboratory data.
 Prophylaxis: Prevention of or protective treatment for disease.
 Anamnesis: The complete history recalled and recounted by a
patient
 Examination = Exploration
 Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

 Stethoscope
EXAMINATION
 Inspection:
 Visual examination
 Palpation:
 to examine or explore by touching
 Percussion:
 A method of medical diagnosis in which various areas of the
body, especially the chest, back, and abdomen, are tapped
to determine by resonance the condition of internal organs.
 Auscultation
 The act of listening for sounds made by internal organs, as
the heart and lungs, to aid in the diagnosis of certain
disorders.
INVESTIGATION, MEASUREMENT

 Anthropometry: the measurement of the size and

proportions of the human body, esp. as an aid for
comparative study in physical anthropology.
 Thermometry: Measurement of temperature.
 Scopy, endoscopy
 Laryngoscopy
 Bronchoscopy
 Cystoscopy
 Laparoscopy
INVESTIGATION, MEASUREMENT

 Radiography
 Tomography (tomia=section)

 Angiography

 Specimen = A small part, or sample, of any

substance or material obtained for testing
 Biopsy: Process of removing tissue from
patients for diagnostic examination
 Autopsy
SPECIAL TERMINOLOGY

 Isolation: Isolation refers to the precautions that are taken in

the hospital to prevent the spread of an infectious agent from
an infected or colonized patient to susceptible persons.
 Quarantine: restriction of freedom of movement of apparently
well individuals who have been exposed to infectious disease,
which is imposed for the usual maximal incubation period of
the disease (quarantine period).
 Visit
 Consultation: Meeting of two or more physicians or surgeons to
evaluate the nature and progress of disease in a particular
patient and to establish diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
SPECIAL TERMINOLOGY

 Differential diagnosis: the determination of which one

of several diseases may be producing the symptoms
 Prognosis: A forecast of the probable course and/or
outcome of a disease
 Sequela: A pathological condition resulting from a
disease
 Cure : a special method of treatment
 Mobilisation-immobilisation
SPECIAL TERMINOLOGY

 Phytotherapy: herbal medicine

 Transplantation: Implanting in one part a tissue or
organ taken from another part or from another person.
 Chemotherapy
 Radiotherapy
 Physiotherapy
 Hydrotherapy-balneotherapy
 Electrotherapy
 Psychotherapy
SPECIAL TERMINOLOGY

 Chirurgia = surgery
 Anesthesia

 Reanimation = the act of bringing a person

back to life
 Hospitalisation
 Epicrisis: a detailed history of the patient given
from the hospital after discharge
DISEASE DEFINITIONS

 Insidance: the rate or range of occurrence of disease.

 Epidemic: An outbreak of a contagious disease that
spreads rapidly and widely.
 Endemic: limited to a certain region
 Pandemic: Epidemic over a wide geographic area and
affecting a large proportion of the population
 Sporadic: Occurring at irregular intervals; having no
pattern or order
DISEASE DEFINITIONS

 Comorbidity : Coexisting or concomitant with an

unrelated pathological or disease process
 Etiology: The cause or origin of a disease or disorder
as determined by medical diagnosis.
 İdiopathic: arising from an unknown cause
 Malformation: bad, unfunctional creation
 Congenital: denoting or relating to any condition
existing at birth
 Pathogenesis: the origin, development, and resultant
effects of a disease
DISEASE DEFINITIONS

 Symptom: any sensation or change in bodily function

experienced by a patient that is associated with a particular
disease
 Sign: An objective finding, usually detected on physical
examination, from a laboratory test, or on an x-ray, that
indicates the presence of abnormality or disease
 Pathognomonic: characteristic or indicative of a particular
disease
 Incubation period: the time between exposure to an infectious
disease and the appearance of the first signs or symptoms.
DISEASE DEFINITIONS

 Prodrome: An early symptom indicating the onset of a

disease.
 Syndrome: A group of symptoms that collectively
indicate or characterize a disease, psychological
disorder, or other abnormal condition.
 Remission: subsiding of the symptoms of a disease.
 Exacerbation: increment of the severity of the disease
 Complication: a concurrent disease, accident, or
adverse reaction that comes from the original disease
and aggravates it
HEALING DEFINITIONS

 Convalescence: Gradual return to health and strength

after illness.
 Palliative treatment: Alleviating the symptoms of a
disease or disorder, especially one that is terminal,
when a cure is not available.
 Symptomatic treatment
 Adjuvant therapy: An adjuvant (from Latin, adiuvare: to
aid) is a pharmacological or immunological agent that
modifies the effect of other agents
DISEASE DEFINITIONS

 Indication: a reason to prescribe a medication or

perform a treatment. A bacterial infection may be an
indication for the prescription of a specific antibiotic;
appendicitis is an indication for appendectomy
 Contraindication: any symptom, sign or circumstance
indicating that a treatment is inadvisable
 Prophylaxis: A prophylaxis is a measure taken to
maintain health and prevent the spread of disease
CLASSIFICATION

 Natal: Birth
 Neonatal: 30-40 days period after birth

 Infancy: Early baby period

 Adolescence

 Juvenile: youth (young)

 Senile: aged
CLASSIFICATION

 Congenital: Of or relating to a condition that is present at birth,

as a result of either heredity or environmental influences
 Puberty: is the period of human development during which
physical growth and sexual maturation occurs
 Puerpera: a woman who has just given birth to a child.
 Puerperal period: 40 days after birth
 Gravidarum: associated with pregnancy
 Hyperemesis gravidarum
 Hereditary: transmissible or transmitted from parent to
offspring; genetically determined.
DISEASE CLASSIFICATION

 Acquired: Denoting a disease, condition, or

abnormality that is not inherited
 Trauma: injury, physical or mental

 Infectious

 Parasite:
 Venerial disease: sexually transmitted disease
DISEASE CLASSIFICATION

 Inflammation
 Neoplasm: any new and abnormal growth, specifically
one in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled and
progressive, tumor
 Psychologic
 Localised
 Generalized: Spreading through or affecting the entire
body; not localized
 Disseminated: Spread over a large area of a body,
tissue, or organ
DISEASE CLASSIFICATION

 Acute: of relatively short duration

 Subacute

 Chronic: Lasting for a long period of time or

marked by frequent recurrence
BASIC PATHOLOGICAL TERMS
 Agenesis: Absence or incomplete development of an organ or
body part.
 Dysgenesis: Defective or abnormal development of an organ
 Teratogenic: Of, relating to, or causing malformations of an
embryo or fetus.
 Plasia: growth, formation
 Aplasia
 Hypoplasia
 Hyperplasia
 Metaplasia
 Dysplasia
NUTRITION
 Alimentation
 Trophia : -Trophy: a combining form meaning
“nutrition,” “growth, development”
 Atrophy
 Hypotrophy
 Hypertrophy
 Vascularisation
 Avascular
 Vasodilatation
 Vasoconstriction
CONGESTION DISORDERS
 Hyperemia
 İschemia: Ischemia is an
insufficient supply of blood to
an organ, usually due to a
blocked artery
 Anemia
 Venous stasis
 Varix: an enlarged, tortuous
vein, artery, or lymphatic
vessel.
CONGESTION DISORDERS

 Thrombus: blood clot (coagulation) in the vessel

 Thrombosis: formation, development, or presence of a
thrombus
 Embolus: a clot or other plug, usually part or all of a
thrombus, brought by the blood from another vessel
and forced into a smaller one, thus obstructing
circulation
 Hemorrage: bleeding
 Infarction: An area of tissue necrosis caused by
impairment of arterial or venous blood supply
BASIC PATHOLOGICAL TERMS
 Lesion: any structural change in a bodily part resulting
from injury or disease
 Degeneration: Gradual deterioration of specific
tissues, cells, or organs with corresponding
impairment or loss of function, caused by injury,
disease, or aging.
 Necrosis: tissue death
 Desquamation: the shedding of the superficial
epithelium, as of skin
 Erosion
BASIC PATHOLOGICAL TERMS

 Perforation: Abnormal opening in a hollow organ

 Laseration: the act of tearing (shearing)
 Fracture
 Dislocation: displacement of a bone from a joint;
called also luxation
 Subluxation