고1 영어 영역 5

29. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [31~34] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

From an organizational viewpoint, one of the most 31. You hear again and again that some of the greatest
fascinating examples of how any organization may contain composers were misunderstood in their own day. Not everyone
many different types of culture ① is to recognize the could understand the compositions of Beethoven, Brahms, or
functional operations of different departments within the Stravinsky in their day. The reason for this initial lack of
organization. The varying departments and divisions within an acceptance is unfamiliarity. The musical forms, or ideas
organization will inevitably view any given situation from their expressed within them, were completely new. And yet, this is
own biased and prejudiced perspective. A department and its exactly one of the things that makes them so great. Effective
members will acquire “tunnel vision” which disallows them to composers have their own ideas. Have you ever seen the
see things as others see ② them. The very structure of classic movie Amadeus? The composer Antonio Salieri is the
organizations can create conflict. The choice of ③ whether the “host” of this movie; he’s depicted as one of the most famous
structure is “mechanistic” or “organic” can have a profound non­great composers ― he lived at the time of Mozart and was
influence on conflict management. A mechanistic structure has completely overshadowed by him. Now, Salieri wasn’t a bad
a vertical hierarchy with many rules, many procedures, and composer; in fact, he was a very good one. But he wasn’t
many levels of management ④ involved in decision making. one of the world’s great composers because his work wasn’t
Organic structures are more horizontal in nature, ⑤ which . What he wrote sounded just like what
decision making is less centralized and spread across the plane everyone else was composing at the time.
of the organization.
① simple ② original
* hierarchy: 위계
③ familiar ④ conventional
⑤ understandable

30. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 32. Every time a new medium comes along — whether it’s the
않은 것은? [3점] invention of the printed book, or TV, or SNS — and you start to
An excellent alternative to calming traffic is removing it. use it, it’s like you are putting on a new kind of goggles, with
Some cities ① reserve an extensive network of lanes and their own special colors and lenses. Each set of goggles you
streets for bikes, pedestrians, and the occasional service put on makes you see things differently. So when you start to
vehicle. This motivates people to travel by bike rather than watch television, before you absorb the message of any
by car, making streets safer for everyone. As bicycles particular TV show — whether it’s Wheel of Fortune or The
become more ② popular in a city, planners can convert more Wire — you start to see the world as being shaped like
automobile lanes and entire streets to accommodate more television itself. That’s why Marshall McLuhan said that every
of them. Nevertheless, even the most bikeable cities still time a new medium comes along — a new way for humans to
③ require motor vehicle lanes for taxis, emergency vehicles, communicate — it has buried in it a message. It is gently
and delivery trucks. Delivery vehicles are frequently a target guiding us to .
of animus, but they are actually an essential component to The way information gets to you, McLuhan argued, is more
making cities greener. A tightly packed delivery truck is a far important than the information itself. TV teaches you that the
more ④ inefficient transporter of goods than several hybrids world is fast; that it’s about surfaces and appearances. [3점]
carrying a few shopping bags each. Distributing food and other ① see the world according to a new set of codes
goods to neighborhood vendors ⑤ allows them to operate ② ignore unfamiliar messages from new media
smaller stores close to homes so that residents can walk, ③ maintain steady focus and clear understanding
rather than drive, to get their groceries. ④ interpret information through a traditional lens
* animus: 반감, 미움 ⑤ enjoy various media contents with one platform
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33. Concepts are vital to human survival, but we must also be 35. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
careful with them because concepts open the door to Why do we have the illusion that cramming for an exam is
essentialism. They . the best learning strategy? Because we are unable to
Stuart Firestein opens his book, Ignorance, with an old differentiate between the various sections of our memory.
proverb, “It is very difficult to find a black cat in a dark room, Immediately after reading our textbook or our class notes,
especially when there is no cat.” This statement beautifully information is fully present in our mind. ① It sits in our
sums up the search for essences. History has many examples conscious working memory, in an active form. ② We feel as if
of scientists who searched fruitlessly for an essence because we know it, because it is present in our short­term storage
they used the wrong concept to guide their hypotheses. space ... but this short­term section has nothing to do with the
Firestein gives the example of luminiferous ether, a long­term memory that we will need in order to recall the
mysterious substance that was thought to fill the universe so same information a few days later. ③ After a few seconds or
that light would have a medium to move through. The ether minutes, working memory already starts disappearing, and
was a black cat, writes Firestein, and physicists had been after a few days, the effect becomes enormous: unless you
theorizing in a dark room, and then experimenting in it, looking retest your knowledge, memory vanishes. ④ Focusing on
for evidence of a cat that did not exist. [3점] exploring new topics rather than reviewing the same material
① encourage us to see things that aren’t present over and over again can improve your academic performance.
② force scientists to simplify scientific theories ⑤ To get information into long­term memory, it is essential to
③ let us think science is essential and practical study the material, then test yourself, rather than spend all
④ drive physicists to explore philosophy your time studying.
⑤ lead us to ignore the unknown * cram: 벼락 공부를 하다

[36~37] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한

34. While social media attention is potentially an instrument to 것을 고르시오.
achieve ends like elite celebrity, some content creators desire 36.
ordinary fame as a social end in itself. Not unlike reality
The discovery of mirror neurons has profoundly changed
television stars, social media celebrities are often criticized for
the way we think of a fundamental human capacity, learning
not having skills and talents associated with traditional, elite
by observation.
celebrity, such as acting or singing ability. This criticism
highlights the fact that digital content creators face real (A) You may not see the tongue stick out each time you stick
barriers to crossing over to the sphere of elite celebrity. However, yours out at your newborn, but if you do it many times,
the criticism also misses the point that the phenomenon of the tongue will come out more often than if you do
ordinary celebrity . The something different. Babies babble and later start to
elite celebrity is symbolized by the metaphor of the star, imitate the sounds their parents produce.
characterized by mystery and hierarchical distance and
(B) As children we learn a lot by observing what our parents
associated with naturalized qualities of talent and class. The
and friends do. Newborns, in the first week of life, have an
ordinary celebrity attracts attention through regular and
inborn tendency to stick out their tongue if their parents
frequent interactions with other ordinary people. Achieving
stick out theirs. Such imitation is not perfect.
ordinary fame as a social media celebrity is like doing well at a
game, because in this sphere, fame is nothing more nor less (C) Later still, they play with vacuum cleaners and hammers in
than relatively high scores on attention scales, the metrics of imitation of their parents. Our modern cultures, in which
subscribers, followers, Likes, or clicks built into social media we write, speak, read, build spaceships and go to school,
applications. [3점] can work only because we are not restricted to the
behavior we are born with or learn by trial and error. We
* sphere: 영역 ** metric: 측정 기준
can learn a lot by simply watching others.
① shifts to that of elite celebrity
* babble: 옹알이하다
② disappears gradually over time
③ focuses solely on talent and class ① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
④ reconstructs the meaning of fame ③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ restricts interactions with the public ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

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37. 39.
Have you ever been surprised to hear a recording of your Thus, as global warming raises the temperature of marine
own voice? You might have thought, “Is that really what my waters, it is self­evident that the amount of dissolved
voice sounds like?” oxygen will decrease.

(A) There are two pathways through which we perceive our Seawater contains an abundance of dissolved oxygen that all
own voice when we speak. One is the route through marine animals breathe to stay alive. ( ① ) It has long been
which we perceive most external sounds, like waves that established in physics that cold water holds more dissolved
travel from the air through the outer, middle and inner ear. oxygen than warm water does ― this is one reason that cold
polar seas are full of life while tropical oceans are blue, clear,
(B) But because our vocal cords vibrate when we speak, and relatively poorly populated with living creatures. ( ② )
there is a second internal path. Vibrations are conducted This is a worrisome and potentially disastrous consequence if
through our bones and stimulate our inner ears directly. allowed to continue to an ecosystem­threatening level. ( ③ )
Lower frequencies are emphasized along this pathway. Now scientists have analyzed data indicating that the amount
That makes your voice sound deeper and richer to of dissolved oxygen in the oceans has been declining for more
yourself than it may sound to other people. than a half century. ( ④ ) The data show that the ocean
(C) Maybe your accent is more pronounced in the recording oxygen level has been falling more rapidly than the
than you realized, or your voice is higher than it seems to corresponding rise in water temperature. ( ⑤ ) Falling oxygen
your own ears. This is of course quite a common levels in water have the potential to impact the habitat of
experience. The explanation is actually fairly simple. [3점] marine organisms worldwide and in recent years this has led to
more frequent anoxic events that killed or displaced
* vocal cords: 성대 ** frequency: 주파수
populations of fish, crabs, and many other organisms. [3점]
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
* dissolved: 용해된 ** anoxic: 산소 결핍의
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
40. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A),
(B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Capuchins ― New World Monkeys that live in large social

groups ― will, in captivity, trade with people all day long,
especially if food is involved. I give you this rock and you
give me a treat to eat. If you put two monkeys in cages
next to each other, and offer them both slices of cucumber
[38~39] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장
for the rocks they already have, they will happily eat the
적절한 곳을 고르시오. cucumbers. If, however, you give one monkey grapes
38. instead ― grapes being universally preferred to cucumbers
― the monkey that is still receiving cucumbers will begin to
“Homologous” traits, in contrast, may or may not have a throw them back at the experimenter. Even though she is
common function, but they descended from a common still getting “paid” the same amount for her effort of
ancestor and hence have some common structure that sourcing rocks, and so her particular situation has not
indicates their being “the same” organ. changed, the comparison to another makes the situation
unfair. Furthermore, she is now willing to abandon all gains
Biologists distinguish two kinds of similarity. ( ① )
― the cucumbers themselves ― to communicate her
“Analogous” traits are ones that have a common function but
displeasure to the experimenter.
arose on different branches of the evolutionary tree and are
in an important sense not “the same” organ. ( ② ) The wings 
of birds and the wings of bees are both used for flight and are
similar in some ways because anything used for flight has to According to the passage, if the Capuchin monkey realizes the
be built in those ways, but they arose independently in (A) in rewards compared to another monkey, she
evolution and have nothing in common beyond their use in will (B) her rewards to express her feelings about the
flight. ( ③ ) The wing of a bat and the front leg of a horse treatment, despite getting exactly the same rewards as before.
have very different functions, but they are all modifications of
(A) (B)
the forelimb of the ancestor of all mammals. ( ④ ) As a
result, they share nonfunctional traits like the number of ① benefit …… protect
bones and the ways they are connected. ( ⑤ ) To distinguish ② inequality …… share
analogy from homology, biologists usually look at the overall ③ abundance …… yield
architecture of the organs and focus on their most useless ④ inequality …… reject
properties. ⑤ benefit …… display

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31. (빈칸 추론) 33. (빈칸 추론)

You hear again and again that some of the greatest Concepts are vital to human survival, but we must also
composers were misunderstood in their own day. Not be careful with them because concepts open the door to
everyone could understand the compositions of essentialism. They encourage us to see things that aren't
Beethoven, Brahms, or Stravinsky in their day. The reason present. Stuart Firestein opens his book, Ignorance, with
for this initial lack of acceptance is unfamiliarity. The an old proverb, "It is very difficult to find a black cat in
musical forms, or ideas expressed within them, were a dark room, especially when there is no cat." This
completely new. And yet, this is exactly one of the statement beautifully sums up the search for essences.
things that makes them so great. Effective composers History has many examples of scientists who searched
have their own ideas. Have you ever seen the classic fruitlessly for an essence because they used the wrong
movie Amadeus? The composer Antonio Salieri is the concept to guide their hypotheses. Firestein gives the
“host” of this movie; he’s depicted as one of the most example of luminiferous ether, a mysterious substance
famous non­great composers ― he lived at the time of that was thought to fill the universe so that light would
Mozart and was completely overshadowed by him. Now, have a medium to move through. The ether was a black
Salieri wasn’t a bad composer; in fact, he was a very cat, writes Firestein, and physicists had been theorizing in
good one. But he wasn’t one of the world’s great a dark room, and then experimenting in it, looking for
composers because his work wasn’t original. What he evidence of a cat that did not exist.
wrote sounded just like what everyone else was
composing at the time.

34. (빈칸 추론)

While social media attention is potentially an instrument
32. (빈칸 추론) to achieve ends like elite celebrity, some content creators
Every time a new medium comes along ― whether it's desire ordinary fame as a social end in itself. Not unlike
the invention of the printed book, or TV, or SNS ― and reality television stars, social media celebrities are often
you start to use it, it's like you are putting on a new criticized for not having skills and talents associated with
kind of goggles, with their own special colors and lenses. traditional, elite celebrity, such as acting or singing
Each set of goggles you put on makes you see things ability. This criticism highlights the fact that digital
differently. So when you start to watch television, before content creators face real barriers to crossing over to
you absorb the message of any particular TV show ― the sphere of elite celebrity. However, the criticism also
whether it's Wheel of Fortune or The Wire ― you start misses the point that the phenomenon of ordinary
to see the world as being shaped like television itself. celebrity reconstructs the meaning of fame. The elite
That's why Marshall McLuhan said that every time a new celebrity is symbolized by the metaphor of the star,
medium comes along ― a new way for humans to characterized by mystery and hierarchical distance and
communicate ― it has buried in it a message. It is gently associated with naturalized qualities of talent and class.
guiding us to see the world according to a new set of The ordinary celebrity attracts attention through regular
codes. The way information gets to you, McLuhan argued, and frequent interactions with other ordinary people.
is more important than the information itself. TV teaches Achieving ordinary fame as a social media celebrity is like
you that the world is fast; that it's about surfaces and doing well at a game, because in this sphere, fame is
appearances. nothing more nor less than relatively high scores on
attention scales, the metrics of subscribers, followers,
Likes, or clicks built into social media applications.
35. (무관한 문장 찾기) 37. (순서 추론)
Why do we have the illusion that cramming for an exam Have you ever been surprised to hear a recording of
is the best learning strategy? Because we are unable to your own voice? You might have thought, "Is that really
differentiate between the various sections of our memory. what my voice sounds like?" (C) Maybe your accent is
Immediately after reading our textbook or our class more pronounced in the recording than you realized, or
notes, information is fully present in our mind. It sits in your voice is higher than it seems to your own ears. This
our conscious working memory, in an active form. We is of course quite a common experience. The explanation
feel as if we know it, because it is present in our is actually fairly simple. (A) There are two pathways
short-term storage space ... but this short-term section through which we perceive our own voice when we speak.
has nothing to do with the long-term memory that we One is the route through which we perceive most
will need in order to recall the same information a few external sounds, like waves that travel from the air
days later. After a few seconds or minutes, working through the outer, middle and inner ear. (B) But because
memory already starts disappearing, and after a few days, our vocal cords vibrate when we speak, there is a second
the effect becomes enormous: unless you retest your internal path. Vibrations are conducted through our bones
knowledge, memory vanishes. Focusing on exploring new and stimulate our inner ears directly. Lower frequencies
topics rather than reviewing the same material over and are emphasized along this pathway. That makes your
over again can improve your academic performance. To voice sound deeper and richer to yourself than it may
get information into long-term memory, it is essential to sound to other people.
study the material, then test yourself, rather than spend
all your time studying.

38. (문장 삽입)

Biologists distinguish two kinds of similarity. "Analogous"
36. (순서 추론) traits are ones that have a common function but arose
The discovery of mirror neurons has profoundly changed on different branches of the evolutionary tree and are in
the way we think of a fundamental human capacity, an important sense not "the same" organ. The wings of
learning by observation. (B) As children we learn a lot by birds and the wings of bees are both used for flight and
observing what our parents and friends do. Newborns, in are similar in some ways because anything used for flight
the first week of life, have an inborn tendency to stick has to be built in those ways, but they arose
out their tongue if their parents stick out theirs. Such independently in evolution and have nothing in common
imitation is not perfect. (A) You may not see the tongue beyond their use in flight. "Homologous" traits, in
stick out each time you stick yours out at your newborn, contrast, may or may not have a common function, but
but if you do it many times, the tongue will come out they descended from a common ancestor and hence have
more often than if you do something different. Babies some common structure that indicates their being "the
babble and later start to imitate the sounds their same" organ. The wing of a bat and the front leg of a
parents produce. (C) Later still, they play with vacuum horse have very different functions, but they are all
cleaners and hammers in imitation of their parents. Our modifications of the forelimb of the ancestor of all
modern cultures, in which we write, speak, read, build mammals. As a result, they share nonfunctional traits like
spaceships and go to school, can work only because we the number of bones and the ways they are connected.
are not restricted to the behavior we are born with or To distinguish analogy from homology, biologists usually
learn by trial and error. We can learn a lot by simply look at the overall architecture of the organs and focus
watching others. on their most useless properties.
39. (문장 삽입) 40. (요약문 추론)
Seawater contains an abundance of dissolved oxygen that Capuchins ― New World Monkeys that live in large social
all marine animals breathe to stay alive. It has long been groups ― will, in captivity, trade with people all day long,
established in physics that cold water holds more especially if food is involved. I give you this rock and
dissolved oxygen than warm water does ― this is one you give me a treat to eat. If you put two monkeys in
reason that cold polar seas are full of life while tropical cages next to each other, and offer them both slices of
oceans are blue, clear, and relatively poorly populated cucumber for the rocks they already have, they will
with living creatures. Thus, as global warming raises the happily eat the cucumbers. If, however, you give one
temperature of marine waters, it is self-evident that the monkey grapes instead ― grapes being universally
amount of dissolved oxygen will decrease. This is a preferred to cucumbers ― the monkey that is still
worrisome and potentially disastrous consequence if receiving cucumbers will begin to throw them back at the
allowed to continue to an ecosystem-threatening level. experimenter. Even though she is still getting "paid" the
Now scientists have analyzed data indicating that the same amount for her effort of sourcing rocks, and so her
amount of dissolved oxygen in the oceans has been particular situation has not changed, the comparison to
declining for more than a half century. The data show another makes the situation unfair. Furthermore, she is
that the ocean oxygen level has been falling more rapidly now willing to abandon all gains ― the cucumbers
than the corresponding rise in water temperature. Falling themselves ― to communicate her displeasure to the
oxygen levels in water have the potential to impact the experimenter.
habitat of marine organisms worldwide and in recent
years this has led to more frequent anoxic events that (요약)
killed or displaced populations of fish, crabs, and many According to the passage, if the Capuchin monkey
other organisms. realizes the inequality in rewards compared to another
monkey, she will reject her rewards to express her
feelings about the treatment, despite getting exactly the
same rewards as before.