Geography Paper 1 Marking Scheme Form 4 Term 1 Exam 2018
Geography Paper 1 Marking Scheme Form 4 Term 1 Exam 2018
Geography Paper 1 Marking Scheme Form 4 Term 1 Exam 2018
GEOGRAPHY
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
1 a) Two characteristics of the Earth.
- It is the 3rd planet from the sun in the solar system.
- It rotates in its own axis and revolves around the sun on its own part / orbit.
- It is about 149.66 million km from the sun.
- It is the only planet that supports human, animals and plant life.
- It has more information than other planets in the universe
- Its shape is spherical. 2 x 1mrks
b) Three zones of the external structure of the Earth are:
- Atmosphere
- Hydrosphere and
- The earth’s surface / lithosphere 3x
1mrks
2 a) M- Volcanic lava outpourings 1mrk
N- Sedimentary rocks eglimestones& sandstone 1mrk
b) Characteristics of minerals.
- Minerals have different degrees of hardness
- Minerals differ in texture.
- They have specific colours.
- They have lustre.
- They have different degrees of tenacity.
- Some minerals aggregate into distinct crystal shapes
- Minerals differ in steak. 3 x 1mrks
3 a) Factor that influence soil creep.
- Alternate heating and cooling
- Removal of soil down slope
- Rainwater 1mrks
b) Effects of mass wasting on rivers.
- When a landslide occurs it can block a river, causing it to change its direction of
flow.
- The mass materials of a landslide can accumulate across a river valley. A lake
may eventually form on the upstream side of the blockage. 2 x 1mrks
4 a) Define soil Catena
Soil catena is the sequence of different soils down a slope on the surface of the
land. 1 x 2mrks.
b) Other properties of soil apart from texture.
- Structure.
- Colour
- Permeability.
- Porosity
- Mineral content. 3 x 1mrks
5 An area in Kenya predominantly covered by derived vegetation
a) North- Eastern . 1mk
b) Characteristics of Mediterranean type of vegetation.
- Vegetation is adapted to the long, hot and dry summers.
- Some plants are evergreen.
- Grasses dry up during summer and germinate during winter.
- Shrubs, thickets, bush and thorn bush, and marquis are common.
- Woody scrub is common in very dry areas.
- Some plants have small, spiny leaves while others have thick- skinned or leathery
leaves.
- Some plants have long roots.
- Some plants have thick barks.
- Some plants have fleshy leaves while others have shiny, waxy leaves.
- Some trees are deciduous. 4 x 1mrks
6 a) (i) Grid square 0003. 2mrks
(ii) NW 2mks
(iii) Scattered trees.
Scrub
Woodland
Pyprus swamps/ marskh/ Bog
- Thicket
- Forest 3 x 1mks
b) Check on graph appended.
Cross– section along line x y
X Y
1. Starting point 1810m – 1mk
2. End point 2000m – 1mk
3. Trend -1mk
4. River 1mk
5. Ridge – 1mk
6. District boundary – 1mk
7. S.Swamp – 1mk
Total 7mks
c) (i) - Dendiritic drainage pattern. 1mk
(ii) Ridge / Escarpment. 1mk
d) (i) Activity Evidence
Transport - Road
Trading - Shops
Quarrying - Quarry
Lumbering - Saw mill
Farming - Farms / agricultural Training College
Communication - Telephone. Any 4 x 1 =4mrks
1mk
Crater 1mk
Conelet 1mk
Layers of ask 1mk
8 a) (i)Naturally occurring agglomeration of mineral particles that form part of the earth’s
crust.
- A substance made up of a mineral or a combination of mineral particles which
are cemented together and which form the solid part of the earth’s crust. 2mks
9 (i) A lake is hallow, depression or a basin on the earth’s surface where water has
accumulated or which is filled with water. 1mk
b) (i) Ways in which lakes influence natural environment and human activities.
- Reservoirs in the water cycles.
- Enables self-purification of water and air.
- Applies bio-diversity and support both flora and fauna.
- Modify local weather and climate.
- Regulation of river flow or controlling flooding.
- Recreation e,g. Yatching, boat racing and fish sporting.
- A habitual for aquatic animals like fish.
- Source for building materials.
- Generation of H.E.P.
- Water for irrigation
- Source of rivers e.g. River Nile / L.victoria.
- Land transport has been impeded by lakes.
- Source of minerals eg. Trona / Lake Magadi. 2 x 1mks.
c) (i) Soil erosion is the process by which the top soil is detached and carried
away by various agents, such as rainwater, at a rate that is faster than it is
being replaced by the soil – forming processes while soil degeneration is
the decline in the usefulness of a soil due to soil mismanagement,
environmental causes or both. 2mks.
END