11

General
Chemistry 1
Quarter 2 – Module 10:
Organic Preparations
General Chemistry 1 – Grade 11
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 10: Organic Preparations
First Edition, 2020

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 11

General
Chemistry 1
Quarter 2 – Module 10:
Organic Preparations
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Chemistry 1 - 11 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Organic

Preparations!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
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In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
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Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the (General Chemistry 1 - 11) Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Organic

Preparations!

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depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
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competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the (Organic Preparations). The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is composed of one lesson, namely:

● Lesson 1 – Organic Preparations

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define organic synthesis
2. describe the preparation of the following organic compounds:

a. ethylene
b. acetone
c. acetic acid
d. urea
e. aspirin

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Reduction of acetyl chloride with H2 in presence of Pd gives:

a. CH3COCH3
b. C2H5OH
c. CH3COOH
d. CH3CHO

2. When methyl bromide is heated with Zn it gives

a. CH4
b. C2H6
c. C2H4
d. CH3OH

3. C6H6Cl6, on treatment with alcoholic KOH , yields

a. C6H6
b. C6H3Cl3
c. (C6H6)OH
d. C6H6Cl4

4. Treatment of ammonia with excess of ethyl chloride will yield

a. Diethylamine
b. Ethane
c. Tetraethyl ammonium chloride
d. Methyl amine

5. To prepare a pure sample of n-hexane using sodium metal as one reactant,

the other reactant will be
a. n-propyl bromide
b. Ethyl bromide and n-butyl bromide
c. Ethyl chloride and n-butyl chloride
d. Methyl bromide and n-pentyl chloride

6. The petrol having octane number 80 has

a. 20% normal heptane + 80% iso-octane
b. 80% normal heptane + 20% iso-octane
c. 20% normal heptane + 80% normal octane
d. 80% normal heptane + 20% normal octane

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7. Which of the following shows only one brominated compound

a. Butene-2
b. 2, 2-dimethylpropane
c. Butyne-1
d. Butanol-3

8. Which of the following statements is not true for ethane?

a. It can be chlorinated with chlorine

b. It can be catalytically hydrogenated
c. When oxidised produces CO2 and H2O
d. It is a homologue of iso-butane

9. Which gives CH4 when treated with water

a. Silicon carbide
b. Calcium carbide
c. Aluminium carbide
d. Iron carbide

10. A reaction between methyl magnesium bromide and ethyl alcohol gives

a. Methane
b. Ethane
c. Propane
d. Butane

11. In catalytic reduction of hydrocarbons which catalyst is mostly used

a. Pt /Ni
b. Pd
c. SiO2
d. Misch Metal

12. Ethylene reacts with bromine to form

a. bromoethane
b. tribromoethane
c. dibromoethane
d. bromomethane

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 Lesson

7 Organic Preparations

What’s In

Organic preparations are composed of simple and complex reactions that yield
essential organic compounds that can be used in daily lives. One of the industrially
manufactured organic compounds is benzoic acid. Benzoic acid is the simplest
aromatic carboxylic acid and its salts are used as food preservative. Here is the
reaction on the preparation of benzoic acid:

Source:http://aui.ma/personal/~S.ElHajjaji/Labmanual/Manuals/CHE2401Manu
al/CHE2401_LabManual_JULY2015.pdf

Benzoic acid is prepared by reacting 2 moles of benzaldehyde with sodium

hydroxide that yields 1 mole of benzoic acid and 1 mole of benzyl alcohol. This
reaction is also called Cannizzaro reaction.

Notes to the Teacher

There are lots of organic syntheses that you can use. You can
find it in the internet. You can use the household chemicals to
make these chemicals relatable in the part of students.

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 What’s New

Activity 1 : Find us.

Find the set of words in the puzzle below.

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 What is It

Organic Synthesis
It is defined as the intentional preparation of organic compounds, especially
for commercial use. Many organic compounds are not easily obtained from nature.
Most of them are synthesized in the laboratory with the use of existing reagents
which serve as the chemical reactants. Here are some of the most important organic
compounds and their preparations:

Ethylene - a hydrocarbon, specifically alkene with a formula of C2H4. It is an

important organic compound that is widely manufactured as a raw material for
polyethylene and ethanol and also an important plant hormone which is responsible
for the ripening of fruits.

Preparations of ethylene:

1. Ethylene is made by the dehydration of ethanol with the aid of sulfuric acid
catalyst yielding ethylene and water as products. Below is the reaction for the
preparation of ethylene:

Source: https://www.prepchem.com/synthesis-of-ethylene/

2. Another reaction for the preparation of ethylene is the catalytic hydrogenation

of acetylene gas. Below is the reaction:

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Synthesis_Ethylene.svg

Acetone - also called as propanone is a ketone having a molecular formula of

(CH₃ )₂ CO. It is miscible with water and an important solvent found in home. It is

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present in nail polish and the main ingredient for nail polish removers. Below is the
preparation of acetone:

Source: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/show-acetone-prepared-propene-
chapter-12-problem-63qp-solution-9780077354800-exc

Preparation of acetone:

In the reaction above, 2-propanol, which is a secondary alcohol is oxidized

further using potassium dichromate to produce acetone.

Acetic acid - it is also called as ethanoic acid, has a formula of CH 3COOH. Acetic
acid is the active compound present in vinegars. There are two common preparations
of acetic acid.

Preparations of acetic acid:

1. Oxidation of ethyl alcohol - oxidation of ethyl alcohol is performed using an

oxidizing agent, in this case is potassium dichromate and yields acetaldehyde
or ethanal. This ethanal will be further oxidized and converted to acetic acid.

Source:https://icsechemistry16.blogspot.com/2016/05/PREPRATION-acetic
acid.html

2. Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate - ethyl acetate is reacted with water, with the aid
of concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst, forming acetic acid and ethanol

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Source:https://icsechemistry16.blogspot.com/2016/05/PREPRATION-acetic-
acid.html

Urea - also known as carbamide having a formula of CO(NH₂ )₂ is an organic

compound essential for industries and also in life. Urea is used as agricultural
fertilizer. It is also a bioindicator which is commonly found in urine of animals and
humans. Below is the preparation of urea:

Source:https://www.genuinechemistry.com/2019/03/urea-uses-structure-
preparation-properties.html

Preparation of urea:

In the reaction above, 2 moles of ammonia is reacted with 1 mole of carbon

dioxide, forming ammonium carbamate. Further dehydration of ammonium
carbamate yields urea.

Aspirin - also known as acetylsalicylic acid is an anti-inflammatory drug to reduce

pain, fever. It was the first NSAID to be discovered. Derived from salicylate, which
can be found in plants such as willow tree and myrtle. Below is the preparation
reaction for aspirin:

Source:https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_E
xperiments/Wet_Lab_Experiments/Organic_Chemistry_Labs/Experiments/1%3A__
Synthesis_of_Aspirin_(Experiment)

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Preparation of aspirin:

In the reaction above, salicylic acid reacts with acetic anhydride with the aid
of sulfuric acid as catalyst forming acetylsalicylic acid and acetic acid as products.
The heterogenous by product mixture is further filtered and heated in 110 oC
temperature in an oven to remove the excess moisture, leaving the aspirin crystals.

Organic Synthesis - is defined as the intentional preparation of organic compounds,

especially for commercial use.

Ethylene - Ethylene is made by the dehydration of ethanol with the aid of sulfuric
acid catalyst yielding ethylene and water as products. Another reaction for the
preparation of ethylene is the catalytic hydrogenation of acetylene gas.

Acetone - 2-propanol, which is a secondary alcohol is oxidized further using

potassium dichromate to produce acetone.

Acetic acid

1. Oxidation of ethyl alcohol - oxidation of ethyl alcohol is performed using

an oxidizing agent, in this case is potassium dichromate yields acetaldehyde.
This acetaldehyde will be further oxidized and converted to acetic acid.

2. Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate - ethyl acetate is reacted with water, with the
aid of concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst, forming acetic acid and ethanol

Urea - 2 moles of ammonia is reacted with 1 mole of carbon dioxide, forming

ammonium carbamate. Further dehydration of ammonium carbamate yields urea.

Aspirin - salicylic acid reacts with acetic anhydride with the aid of sulfuric acid as
catalyst forming acetylsalicylic acid and acetic acid as products. The heterogenous
by product mixture is further filtered and heated in 110oC temperature in an oven to
remove the excess moisture, leaving the aspirin crystals.

Role of catalysts - to speed up chemical reaction but the concentration remain

unchanged.

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 What’s More

Activity 2 : Identification.
Write the answers in another sheet of paper.

________________________1. Complete oxidation of ethanol yields _________.

__________________________2. It is the oxidizing agent used to oxidize ethanol.

__________________________3. Catalyst used for the preparation of ethylene.

__________________________4. Intentional preparation of organic compounds,

especially for commercial use.

__________________________5.Catalytic hydrogenation of this gas yields ethylene.

__________________________6.The name of secondary alcohol that is being oxidized to

form acetone.

__________________________7. The other product of hydrolysis if ethyl acetate aside

from acetic acid.

___________________________8. The two reactants in the formation of ammonium

carbamate when being placed into the dehydration

process yields urea are ammonia and ______________.

___________________________9. Another term for aspirin.

__________________________10. It is the temperature used to remove excess moisture

content in the preparation of aspirin.

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 What I Have Learned

Describe the preparation of the following organic compounds. Write the answers in
another sheet of paper.

ORGANIC REACTION PROCESS/ES INVOLVED

COMPOUND

ETHYLENE

ACETONE

ACETIC ACID

UREA

ASPIRIN

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 What I Can Do

Describe the preparation of the food/s that you have eaten on your breakfast. Include
the pre-cooking, cooking as well as the dining preparations.
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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What is defined as the intentional preparation of organic compounds,

especially for commercial use?
a) Organic elimination
b) Organic synthesis
c) Organic substitution
d) Organic Chemistry

2. Acetylsalicylic acid is an anti-inflammatory drug to reduce pain, fever. The

common name of acetylsalicylic acid is ___________.
a) Paracetamol
b) Ibuprofen
c) Mefenamic acid
d) Aspirin

For items 3-4: Consider the reaction:

3. In the preparation of acetylsalicylic acid, the reactants are salicylic acid and
_________________________________.
a) acetic acid
b) acetone
c) acetic anhydride
d) acetophenone

4. The catalyst in the above reaction is____________.

a) sulfurous acid
b) hydrogen sulfate
c) hydrogen sulfide
d) sulfuric acid

5. In the organic preparation, some reactions require catalysts to _____________.

a) increase the time of completion
b) decrease the time of completion
c) minimize product amount
d) none of the above

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 For items 6-8: Consider the reaction:

6. What kind of reaction is present in the chemical equation above?

a) hydrolysis
b) reduction
c) addition
d) oxidation

7. K2Cr2O7 serves as the _______________.

a) reducing agent
b) oxidizing agent
c) catalyst
d) none of the above

8. Partial reaction yields________________.

a) ethanol
b) acetaldehyde
c) acetic acid
d) potassium dichromate

9. If isopropyl butanoate is being hydrolyzed, the alcohol product would

be__________.
a) isopropanol
b) butanol
c) propanol
d) isobutanol

10. The carboxylic acid product in item number 9 is_____________.

a) isopropanoic acid
b) butanoic acid
c) propanoic acid
d) isobutanoic acid

11. Catalytic hydrogenation of acetylene gas is an example of what reaction?

a) hydrolysis
b) addition
c) elimination
d) substitution

12. The reaction of 2 moles of ammonia and 1 mole of carbon dioxide yields ______.
a) ammonium carbamide
b) ammonium carbamate
c) ammonium carbonate
d) ammonium carbide

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 Additional Activities

Write the reactions of the preparation of the following organic compounds:

ORGANIC REACTION
COMPOUND

PROPANOIC ACID

PROPYLENE

BUTANONE

BENZANOL

URIC ACID

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 16
What I Know What's More Assessment
1. D 1. acetic/ethanoic acid 1. B
2. B 2. potassium dichromate 2. D
3. B (K2Cr2O7) 3. C
4. A 3. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 4. D
5. A 4. organic synthesis 5. B
6. A 5. acetylene 6. D
7. B 6. 2-propanol 7. B
8. B 7. ethanol 8. B
9. C 8. carbon dioxide 9. A
10. A 9. acetylsalicylic acid 10.B
11 A 10. 110 oC 11.B
12. C 12.B
Answer Key
References

McMurry, John, and Eric Simanek. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry.

Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2007.

https://www.prepchem.com/synthesis-of-ethylene/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Synthesis_Ethylene.svg

https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/show-acetone-prepared-propene-
chapter-12-problem-63qp-solution-9780077354800-exc

https://icsechemistry16.blogspot.com/2016/05/PREPRATION-acetic-
acid.html

https://icsechemistry16.blogspot.com/2016/05/PREPRATION-acetic-
acid.html

https://www.genuinechemistry.com/2019/03/urea-uses-structure-
preparation-properties.html

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Exp
eriments/Wet_Lab_Experiments/Organic_Chemistry_Labs/Experiments/1%3
A__Synthesis_of_Aspirin_(Experiment

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 EDITOR’S NOTE
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd
SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing
the new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most
Essential Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used
by all learners of SOCCSKSARGEN Region in all public schools beginning SY
2020-2021. The process of LR development was observed in the production of
this module. This is Version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments,
and recommnedations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN
Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 228 8825 / (083) 228 1893
Email Address: [email protected]