Phy 11.2

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CONTENTS

Foreword iii
Rationalisation of Contens in the Textbooks v
Preface vii
A Note for the Teachers xiii

C hapter 8
Mechanical Properties of Solids
8.1 Introduction 167
8.2 Stress and strain 168
8.3 Hooke’s law 169
8.4 Stress-strain curve 169
8.5 Elastic moduli 170
8.6 Applications of elastic behaviour of materials 174

C hapter 9
Mechanical Properties of Fluids
9.1 Introduction 180
9.2 Pressure 180
9.3 Streamline flow 186
9.4 Bernoulli’s principle 187
9.5 Viscosity 190
9.6 Surface tension 192

C hapter 10
Thermal Properties of Matter
10.1 Introduction 202
10.2 Temperature and heat 202
10.3 Measurement of temperature 203
10.4 Ideal-gas equation and absolute temperature 203
10.5 Thermal expansion 204
10.6 Specific heat capacity 208
10.7 Calorimetry 209
10.8 Change of state 210
10.9 Heat transfer 214
10.10 Newton’s law of cooling 219

C hapter 11
Thermodynamics
11.1 Introduction 226
11.2 Thermal equilibrium 227
11.3 Zeroth law of thermodynamics 228
11.4 Heat, internal energy and work 229
11.5 First law of thermodynamics 230
11.6 Specific heat capacity 231

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xvi

11.7 Thermodynamic state variables and equation of state 232


11.8 Thermodynamic processes 233
11.9 Second law of thermodynamics 236
11.10 Reversible and irreversible processes 236
11.11 Carnot engine 237

C hapter 12
Kinetic Theory
12.1 Introduction 244
12.2 Molecular nature of matter 244
12.3 Behaviour of gases 246
12.4 Kinetic theory of an ideal gas 248
12.5 Law of equipartition of energy 252
12.6 Specific heat capacity 253
12.7 Mean free path 254

C hapter 13
Oscillations
13.1 Introduction 259
13.2 Periodic and oscilatory motions 260
13.3 Simple harmonic motion 262
13.4 Simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion 264
13.5 Velocity and acceleration in simple harmonic motion 266
13.6 Force law for simple harmonic motion 267
13.7 Energy in simple harmonic motion 268
13.8 The Simple Pendulum 270

C hapter 14
Waves
14.1 Introduction 278
14.2 Transverse and longitudinal waves 280
14.3 Displacement relation in a progressive wave 281
14.4 The speed of a travelling wave 284
14.5 The principle of superposition of waves 287
14.6 Reflection of waves 288
14.7 Beats 293

answers 300

Bibliography 307

index 309

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