UNIT - 1 1. Define Tacheometry: 2.DefineTacheometer: 3.Define Analytic lens: 4.Define Substance bar: 5.What are the merits and demerits of movable hair method? 6.Fixed hair method: 7.Staff intercept: 8.Stadia intercept: 9.Sub tense method: 10.The tangential method: 11.What are the systems of tacheometry measurements? 12.What are the types of stadia system? 13.What is the principle of stadia method?
16-Marks
1. The following readings were taken on a vertical staff with a tacheometer fitted with an anallatic lens and having a constant of 100. Vertical Staff station Bearing Staff readings angles A 47o 10’ 0.940 1.500 2.060 8o0’ B 227o 10’ 0.847 2.000 3.153 -5o0’ Calculate the relative level of the ground at A and B and the gradient between A and B. 2. How do you calculate the horizontal and vertical distances between a instrument station and a staff station when the line of collimation is inclined to the horizontal and the staff is held vertically.
3. Explain the procedure of estimating the horizontal and vertical distances where the line of collimation is inclined to the horizontal and the staff is held normal to the line of collimation 4. The following notes refer to a line leveled tacheometrically with an anallatic tacheometer, the multiplying constant being 100: Inst. Height of Staff Vertical Hair readings Remarks Station axis Stations Angle P 1.5 B.M -6o 12’ 0.963,1.515,2.067 R.L of B.M. P 1.5 Q +7o 5’ 0.819,1.341,1.863 = 460.65 m staff held Q 1.6 R +12o 27’ 1.860,2.445,3.030 vertically. Compute the reduced levels of P.Q and R and the horizontal distances PQ and QR. 5. A tacheometer is setup at an intermediate point at on a traverse course PQ. The following observations are made on the vertically held staff.
Staff station Vertical angle Staff intercept Arcial hair reading
P 80 36 1 2.350 2.105 Q 6061 2.055 1.895
The Instrument is fitted with an anallactic lens and the constant is too- compute the length of PQ and R-C of Q that of P being 321.5 m. 6. Calculate the horizontal and vertical distances using tangential tacheometry when both the observed angles are angle of elevation and angle of depression. 7. Tacheometer was setup at a Station A and readings are taken on vertically held staff at B were 2.255, 2.605 and 2.955. The line of sight being at an inclination 80 241. Another set of observation on the vertically held staff at B.M gave the readings 1.640, 1.920 and 2.200 respectively. The inclination of the line of sight being 20 151. Calculate the horizontal distance between A + B and the elevation of B if the R.C of B.M is 418.685 M. The constants of the instruments were 100 & 0.30
UNIT-II 2-Marks
1. Permanent Bench mark:
2. Temporary Bench mark: 3. Arbitrary Bench Mark: 4. Extension of baseline: 5. Trigonometrical levelling: 6. Axis Signal correction : 7. Geodetic Surveying : 8. Baseline : 9. Laplace Station : 10. Triangulation : 11. Signals : 12. Satellite Station : 13. Reduction to centre: 14. Base net: 15. Bench marking : 16. Types of Bench Mark: 17. Equipments used for base line measurement: 18. Methods used to measure baseline 19. Two types of Trigonometrically leveling: 20. Apparatus used in Baseline: 21. Corrections made while calculation of true length
16-Marks 1. What are the different corrections to be applied while measuring baseline in geodetic surveying? 2. A steel tape 30m long, standardized at 10 o c with a pull of 100N was used for measuring a baseline. Find the correction per tape length, if the temperature at the time of measurement was 20oc and pull applied was 150 N. Density of steel = 3000 kg/m3. Weight of tape=5.88N. 3. What is meant by a “satellite station”? 4. In a trignometrical measurement of the difference in level of two stations P and Q, 10480 m apart, the following data were obtained. Instrument at P, angle of elevation of Q = 0’15” Instrument at Q, angle of depression of P = 3’ 33” Height of instrument at P = 1.42 m. Height of instrument at Q = 1.45 m. Height of signal at P = 3.95 m. Height of signal at Q = 3.92 m. Find the difference in level between P and Q and the curvature and refraction correction. Take R sin 1” = 30.38m. 5. From an eccentric Station S, 12.25 metres to the west of the main station B, the following angles were measured BSC = 760251; CSA = 540321 2011. The stations S and C are to the opposite sides of the line AB. Calculate the correct angle ABC if the lengths AB and BC are 5286.5 and 4932.2m respectively. 6. What are the methods of measurement of the base line and explain any two with neat sketch. 7. A steel tape is 30 m long at a temp of 15ºc when lying horizontal on the ground. Its c/s area is 0.08 cm2 and weight of 18.kg (18N) and. Co-eff of expansion is 117 x10-7/ºc. The tape is stretched over 3 supports which are at the same level and at equal intervals. Calculate the actual length between the end graduations under the following conditions. Temp = 25ºc, Pull -180 kgt, E = 2.1 x 105 N/cm 2. UNIT – III ( 2marks) 1. Error 2. Mistakes (or) Gauss Errors: 3. Systematic Errors: 4. Accidental Errors: 5. Classification of Observer Quantity: 6. Independent Quantity: 7. Conditioned Quantity: 8. Conditioned Equation: 9. Observation: 10. Direct Observation: 11. Indirect Observation:
12. Weight of an Observation:
13. Weighted Observations: 14. Observed value of a Quantity: 15. True value of Quantity: 16. True Error: 17. Most probable Errors: 18. Residual Error: 19. Observation Equation:
20. Normal Equation:
16-Marks 1. What do you mean by station adjustment? Explain. 2. The following are the three angles and observed at a station P closing the horizon, along with their probable errors of measurement. Determine their corrected values = 78o 12’ 12” ± 2” = 136o 48’ 30” ± 4” = 144o 59’ 08” ± 5” 3. What do you mean by figure adjustment? Explain 4. Find the most probable values of the angles A, B and C from the following observations at a station P using method of differences. A = 38o 25’ 20” wt.1 B = 32o 36’ 12” wt.1 A +B = 71o 01’ 29” wt .2 A + B+ C = 119 o 10’ 43” wt.1 B + C = 80o 45’ 28 wt.2
5. Form the normal equation for x, y, z in the following equations.
3X+3Y+Z-4=0 X+2Y+2Z-6=0 5X+Y+4Z-21=0 Also form the normal equation, if weights of the equations are 2, 3 and 1 respectively. 6. The following angles were measured at a station O so as to close the horizon A=8304212811.75 wt.3 0 1 11 B=102 15 43 .26 wt.2 C=9403812711.22 wt.4 D=7902312311.77 wt.2 Adjust the angles by method of correlates. UNIT- IV 2-Marks 1. Celestial sphere : 2. Zenith (z) : 3. Nadir (Z’, or, N): 4. Celestial Horizon: 5. The terrestrial poles and equator : 6. The celestial poles and equator : 7. Sensible horizon: 8. Visible horizon : 9. Vertical circle : 10. The Observers Meridian: 11. Prime vertical:
12. Latitude ( ): 13. The co-latitude : 14. The longitude ( ): 15. The altitude ( ): 16. The co-altitude or zenith distance (z):
17. The Azimuth:
18. The Declination: 19. Hour circle: 20. The hour angle:
16 Marks 1. Write short notes on a) Sidereal time c) Mean solar time b) Solar Apparent time d) Standard time 2. Find the Local mean time at a place in longitude 90o 40’ E. When the standard time is 10 hr, 32min, 34 sec and the standard meridian 82o 30’ E. 3. List the astronomical corrections and explain them? 4. Determine the azimuth and altitude of a star from the following data Latitude of the observer ( ) = 46o N Hour angle of star (H) = 45o 45’ Declination of star (S) = + 22o (N) 16 Marks 1. Write short notes on a) Sidereal time c) Mean solar time b) Solar Apparent time d) Standard time 2. Find the Local mean time at a place in longitude 90o 40’ E. When the standard time is 10 hr, 32min, 34 sec and the standard meridian 82o 30’ E. 3. List the astronomical corrections and explain them? 4. Determine the azimuth and altitude of a star from the following data Latitude of the observer ( ) = 46o N Hour angle of star (H) = 45o 45’ Declination of star (S) = + 22o (N)
13. Stereo pair: 14. Parallax bar: 15. Floating mark: 16. Mosaics : 17. Types of EDM instrument : 16-Marks 1. Explain briefly components of hydrographic survey? 2. Comparison between Air photographs and maps 3. What are the methods of locating soundings? 4. Define stereoscope and list out the types of stereoscopes? 5. State the equipment used for soundings and explain them. 6. State stereoscope and explain briefly the basic types of stereoscopes. 7. Explain briefly about the Electro-Magnetic Distance measurement.
