Session 2024 -

25

madewith
Sunil Sir
Jangra
Sunil
Jangra 26
Sunil
Jangra Physics-2
. 0
 ELECTRID DEARGES AND FIELDS
Electric fieldaa -----

I
Electric
Charge #

Basic associated with matter

property
>
-

To %-0 small test

the
charge
°
.
>
Produces and electrical & p2 ,
experiences magnet
- -

c
Ea

-
effects +
Positive Charge (e 1 Xc)
>

-
= .

Types of Charge -
>

Negative Charge (e =
-1 .
6Xoc)
unit= le
* -p
Coulomb (C) S1
SI unit
Charge
- of =

-
CG S
. .
unit =
stat coulomb or e.sol
Coulomby meter

=> Dimension = [AT] # Electric field lines (Electric lines of forces)

Electric field lines are a pictorial way of

representing electric field
#
Properties of Charge around a
configuration of charges.
Total (i) Electric field lines are continuous They emanate from a
algebraic
- curves.
in is
charge a
system sum of all charges
is associated with positively charged body and
ingress into a
negatively charged body
.
charge always mass .
>
-

(ii) to the electric field line at

.

Tangent any point gives the direction

change can neither be created nor be destroyed

>
-
.

of electric field at that point

.

charge produces &F & M F

>
-
· .

(iii) No two electric field lines of force intersect each other .

>
-

Like charge repel each other I unlike charges (iv) The electric field lines are
always normal to the surface of a
attract each other :

conductor, both while

starting or ending on the conductor .

>
-

Quantization : The
charge on
any body will be (V) . More is the
density of electric field lines more ,
be the

some
integral multiple of 28. strength of electric field at that point.

8 =
Ine n = 1
,
2
,
3, -----

Superposition of Electric field; The resultant

electric field at
Coulomb's Law # Nature of force any point is equal to the vector
r
Sum of electric field at that point due to
F 92 Attraction ; 9 90

Ka
=
,
various
charges
.

Repulsion ; 9 , 9270
1 =
1 E E + E+ Est
=
- - - - -

4/ %
Ex-pemittivity of free space

Sunil
airl Jangra Physics
medium other
.

Any Electric dipole

System of equal : two and opposite
8 854x10
8x , 8m2 3 =

than
.

vacuum
distance "Za
ch
Non
charges separated by a :

3-permittivity of givea Electric dipole moment (5) =

119/29 -

VC
othe
VECTOR FORM

relative Electric field due

= pemittivity dipole
to
F r
9, 92 >
-
shortdipole .

Eg
Lrzkp
U> G

==
Fm >

Fr
-

A
Fe S
Kesio
El -
F9 EePle r

I Ea
-

o
a
Equatoril
,

# Principle of Superposition ① Ta
Po
=
r
,
&
> ↓
-----
·
Ea
Net force on Da
-

q +

9 E r > Cr
r2 Un - 2a -

2
Axial line Ea
=

uz
On men

FEE +
---- 82
------
r

Eng
A
&3 Eeg =

48 (r2+ a 33/2

On general point, Eg =co

 in Uniform Electric field # Electric flue : is a measure of the number of electric field
Dipole
lines crossing an area placed in an electric field .
Torque : Two forces equal & opposite separated by a
"E
,

distance constitute a couple (torque). 0 -

between Ea o
E =
area vector
Free -
O
E E
+9 -
F = &E T =
q2aEsinO
9 = - =
EacOSO I cular to surface&

T =
PEsinO
0= 900 =
0
always directed
away from
#
surface
#
Casino
E BxE for
surface/non uniform -F
=
D
non-uniform
·

unit--Nm2c
pEdACOSO
"

O-go"
:

F
= -ge -)0 0 = 0 0r180 P = S]

TmaPE
-

Emin = O

Note : Torque tends to dipole in the direction E

align the Gansslaw- For closed surface the
-
F: a
enclosing a net
charge as
-

net electric fluxI is

external to rotate
emerging out
given by
work done
by agent
>
-

dipole from 0-02

= E d5 - =

&n *
De ~ gaussian surface

WESTodo W PEcos-cO] Note : if dipole is enclosed

by a closed surface flux & is
=
a , zero-

↓ Hence the
algebraic Sum of
Charges ( + 9-q) 0
=

This work done is store in the Flux from a cube

form of Electrostatic Potential (i) if 9 is at the centre of
=
cube total flux p

Energy (U)
(ii) from each face of cube ,
flux=go
if 0 -90 " & 82 -0 then U =
-PECOSO
, #Electric field due to a thin infinitely
longstraight
,
wirea
Reference of Zero P E . .

uniform linear charge densityx .

Stable and Unstable Equilibrium of Dipole E@ =

=
perpendicular + + + + +
#111

+ + + + + +

E E

I
Gr distance of the

↑
&
observation point from the wire.
E
Stable
equilibrium Unstable equilibriumoutside
Electric Field
intensity due to
uniformly charged conducting sphere .
>
-
>
-

the sphere At the surface Inside the sphere

O= po 8 =
1888 + r

=R
+

=
+
E +
E=0
UminF- PE PE +
+
E O T=O Umax
Sunil Jangra Physics
= =

,
E

#
=
Dipole in non-uniform Electric field q

Free Fo [FO * Electric field

intensity due to a thin infinite plane sheet of

charge. E I+
+

↑ Continuous
charge distribution : The region in which charges = + +

is said to have continuous distribution of

Es + + +
E
closely spaced
+ + +
are A
+ + +

charge It is of three types

.
↑ + + + +
+

Linear Charge Surface Charge Volume Charge

Case(i)
Distribution Distribution Distribution Case(ii) +

EEE
-
u

+
+ + +
+
② +
-- -
I surface charge III volume charge
+ + + + + t
-

-E
El ↑ , E + +
E,
Linear charge density
+
density density+ +
+
8 0 +

EpI
+ ·

charge 19 P Charg?
charge- S volume
= T= =
=
=
+
Ee
+
Area dS === E0
E= p
+dq

and
+ + +
+

E
+
(4 +us

In region
+
dS +
i
In
region I E
=1
·
En
EGo T dE 90 (d9) *
dE T
=d
=

45E, U2 In
region I E
= tr
d9 = Xdl dq = udS dq =
PdY

For
e
Fora Fora