ELECTRIC FIELDS

COULOMB'S LAW
-

Faq 9h ,

The
force point charges is
between two
q, q. Fat
directly proportional to the product
.
r
#
and inversely
ofto the
charges proportional Faqih
square of separation
-
.
r

Katyn
F -
- where k =L
electric
Comparing gravitational force
and - 4IEo

( vacuum )
F- f- KEY
qq.me to permittivity of free space
= = :
.

g- 1kg 1kg y
-
to = 8-85×10-12

+ + So K -
- 8.99×109 it

F- -

Gl F -

- tell )l1 )
'
1C I. C -

(1) r
-
-
Im ( l)
'

for medium
,
Er : relative

6.67×10 8.99×109 N permittivity

"
F- N F
-

= -

K -
- I

8.99×109
"
THEO
t.IE = =
1.3×10 .
Er
"
,
6.67×10
Fei , low times than "
×
stronger 9
ELECTRIC FIELD POINT CHARGE
The assumed
→
charged body is
A
region in
space around a
charge ,
where to be a
single entity .

another charge experiences an electric

Everything exists outside
of the

force .

charged body not inside

I
,
.

"

i
cymatium beae.as.ihemedhh.be
→

at the the
surface of
but

The direction The direction well

of field line tells
body as

of fine
on small
a
positive way - -

→ Metal conductors can be

assumed to be
point charges
neurons to
as are
pee mom

and can exist both at

and center Insulators
surface have .

• Null
point don't free mobile
either
elections so
charge is
at at center
surface
or
 +E
ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH + →

Force unit at
per positive charge a EINE '
^

in
point an electric
field .
E- •

+E E
E E
¥=
+
-

+ → →
-
c-
/
e-
-4m , ,
r m

R ÉR Ir
Based the direction
of field
-

on line
,

the
sign of electric field strength
-

can
•

be
positive or negative .
*

EINE
'
-

E- =
F- + q

E=k¥ Etty
so
+9

#
q ,

E- " Hm
1:14
-

E / NC"

R E

E = ka • Electric Field Strength is 212 £14

F vector 312 49
a
quantity
Electric Field Strength btw like
charges

q, I q,
p Ei EZ
>
+ → • ← +
qg
Ép Éz
+ Ei -

Ez = É ,
+
→

' "
Ep =
Ei -
Ez
EINE •

Ep =
KG , -
k%
yz ( X v12
-

at X
,
E :O ( Null Point )

¥ YY÷
* 0 -

- "

Hm
• -

, ,
,

•
*÷.="%÷n .

11¥12
or,
=
'
- EINE . .
F.
 Field between unlike
Electric
Strength charges
q, 92 I >
P El Ez
+ > • > -

+E, + Ez

→ Ép=É ,
+ Éz
Ep = E, + Ez
"

/
E Nct

Ep = KG, K 2
• +

resultant yz ( ✗ v72
-

→
Electric
Field
•

"
:
I
>

rlm
 Potential and Electrical Potential
Electric
Energy
Workdone in
bringing a test positive
Potential IEPE )
charge from infinity to a
point Electric
Energy
in an electric
field .

Workdone per unit

positive charge in
Electric Potential (V )
bringing it
from infinity to a point
in an electric
field .

E Workdone V Workdone the value V

of and EPE
=
=

E Fxs be both
charge can
positive or
=

= Kkk ✗
it = Kohat negative .

rt rx of
EPE = KUN V = ka
r r
 final initial Attractive
force pulls the + ve

charge .

potential decreases
= of < I v= -
Ka
F T
Vdec .
I -
V)

final initial
Repulsive force pushes the + ve

So
ios of
charges away .

bringing it
closer to positive charge increases
Vine Itv1
.

potential v.
-1k¥
f- 0 V=O U -
- O -
V -
V V=0
+V +V A
so a oo

✓
KY V21
-1¥
V= V2
-1g
=

vlv r
a

-4mg R 212
i >
Hm
✓
• •
!
I

- - - - - - - -
!
I - - - - - - -

•
-

2
I
" • •

<
! , >

-4m R 212 Hm v

-
VIV
Inside a
point charge ,
no electric
field
and hence no
force exists Hence
.

potential gets constant as no more

work is done .
 +E -

E
> <
TV +V
<

E
-

÷
"
" "
" ""
✓
• •

M= -

E- + M= -1
>
• -
*

E=
gradient del I
-

- - - - - - -

•
-
?⃝
Electric 2
as
• I
•
field strength ÷
;m=o del .

,
v
E =D gym R 212 ÑM
-
VIV

m=¥i¥r='¥r=÷.=E
Electric field strength is
negative of electric potential gradient
E = -

AI
Dr
Electric Potential between like
charges
m E

}m✗E✗Fxa
=

q, Vp = V1 + V2 E =
I
? 9h -1k¥
=k¥
q

V2 F = Ma
→
KI
VIV
^
Up
=k÷ +

✗ -
r

A
•

From A to B At B From B to C

E : decrease → E :
zero E : increases ←

•
C F : decrease → F: Zero F: increases ←

B
a :
decrease → a :
zero a: increases ←

:
v : increase v : max v: decrease
:

i. ,

Hm
Electric Potential between unlike
charges
q V= KG
, q, >
P J
+ +V
,
• -

Y -

→
Up = V
, + V2 + > -
-

VIV
^

A OR >

- •

Up = V, -
V2 >

Vp=k÷ - KI
✗ r
-

1.3 V1
>

V2 Hm From A to B At B From B to C

E : decrease E : min E : increase

F : decrease F: min F: increase

• c
a : decrease a : min a: increase
- VIV v
v : increase v : not v: increase
specific
at c
speed is max
 -

EXAMPLE
+
? c. +
• A
proton is released
from rest .

calculate
/
V 10'll
,

g -
•
A i. the
speed if proton travels
from A to C
released
i
ii. The man speed of proton when
6 from a) A b) C

minimum
g-
• Calculate the
speed of
a •
C
projection for a
proton to reach A

3 from B
+1.6×10 -19C
2 Up :
Mp : 1.67×10
-27kg
1 .

V=
k9,9÷ 1¥ Vxq
B EPE =
EPE =

0 >

rim

it loss in EPE in KE 8.7511106ms "

gain so v.
= =

IV. UH
q
lzmlid
-
= -

Ivc Va )q= uh
tgmlv
- '
-
-

( 4×105-8×105 / ✗ 106×10-19 = 111.67×10-21 ) / v10 )

-2
 Ii ,
loss in EPE =
gain in K E
-
loss in EPE =
gain in K E
-

uh uh
lzmlv DV✗q
lzmlv
'

DV✗q
'
-
= -
-
= -

143 143 Va ) ?u4

Lzmlv Va
)q= ?u4
Lzmlv
-
-
-
-
=

{1×105-8×105} 1.6×10-19=1211.67×10-17 / V2
✗
-

{1×105-4×105} 1.6×10-19=1211.67×10-17 / V2
✗

✓ = 1.16 ✗ 107m51 ✓ =
7.58 ✗ 106m51
released
from A released from C