Electric Charges & Fields

A .9 5 x10C

I
① & =
polythene piece rubbed with cool 4 =
A system has two charges 90 2 =
. and

is found to have a
negative charge of a =
-

5 x107C located at points A (0 0--15cm) &

2 .

3X107C .
CNCERT] C0 0 + 15cm) , respectively What are the total
B , ,
·

9) Estimate the number of electrons transferred charge & electric dipole moment of the
system .

from which to which ? S +9

(NCERT)
-
-

q
S
*
O ②

9 - 3x107C 128 6 x101C

Charge -1
=
on = .
H B
5 x1C + x1C)
S
-- -

charge
D
Total =
2 C-2 3 0
PolytheneTeo
.
.
=
-
n=
B
:. a =

- ig 10*x
----
dipole moment =
qx2a =
2 5x
.

3
7
n=
- x 15
b =
7 5 .
X 188 Cm
n =
1 875
:
X10k # = F . 5 X158 * Cm

(ii). Is there a transfer of mass from wool to .

5
9 An infinite line charge produces a field

polythene ? of 9N0" NC at a distance of 2 cm ·

Calculate

& yes ,
mass transferred =
nxme linear charge density
.
&

8 What is the force between two small charged E1 = x EXISTEN 9 x10 Nm

2
=
=
. =

of 2x17c & 3xC EitEoN

spheres having charges 2/E,
placed 30 cm apart in air ! (NCERT) 1 =

1 gx0U 2X9N109
xxgX 700
Sa -
=

&
Ext 30cm
q = 3 x1c
(0 3 x Crit
30cm
30 m 0%
↓= =
V = = . =

gx109 X 2 X 16
7
X1F = GX1j
k9q
F = =
X3 F=

(0 3/2
:

Sunil Jangra Physics

9) point charge 6 .
.
A louC is at a distance 5 cm
3
. A
Conducting sphere of radius loum has directly ar above the centre of a
square of side
=

unknown if the electric field 20 am as shown in figure What is the magnitude

charges 10cm .
,

from the centre of sphere is 1 5 x 10 NC and :

of the electric flux through the square ?(NT)
points radially inwards , then what is the net
5 cm

Soooo
charge on the spheres ? (NCERT)
S E= 1 5 X :
103 N/C ↑ n
-
5cm

W 20cm *
locm Surface
P
d
·
⑭

#- 10CM ->
-

P
=G =10 X 100 Is it
-
> Let Sphere q for Cube
charge on = >
- =

20cm 20X1
20m
r= = =

5 X103 x (20 x102) %

106 loxos
-
for
E= k 9
E2 1 cube
0 =
>
- = =
= = = :

r2 9 x 109
=1 .
88 x 105 NmY/C
XI
GX10B
4 9
15 X 103x 400 10 " =
-
-

9 : X =

9 x 109

67X109C Answe
9
60x19 6
=
=
:
 -

79) . A point charge

of 2 OuC is at the Centre of .
a 10) G .
=
An electric dipole with dipole moment
Cubic Gaussian surface 9 0 cm on edge . .
4x 109Cm is aligned at 30 with the direction
T
what is the net electric flux
through the of a uniform electric field of magnitude 5X0 NIC .

surface. CNCERTS calculate the

magnitude of the torque acting on dipole .

2018 INCERT)
given 4x9Cm
2S e
° =

① 5x10FN
- °

=q
= =
LA 0 =
38 E =

,
cube 8 85 .

↳C 105 Nue T pEsinO

=
4x x 5 XI0 x
*
sin 38
P 103
=

2 25
=20
x = : x
*
=
20 105 IOX15 IX N
X
=
x =

Answer
· 9) Consider a uniform electric field E
.
.
=
BONIC
(i) what is the flux of this field through a

square of 10cm on a side whose plane is Iel CH-2 Potential and Capacitance
to the Y2-planes CNCERY)
charges 3x108C -2x108

Bobis
e 7)
sations
Two and
given E are
=
=

100cm = located 15 apart At what point the

= 0
s =
10x10 =
cm .
on

line is electric
joining the two
charges the

1)
potential is zero ? Take the potential at infinity
=

Byobmi nee P= E . to be zero

Solution :
?
1-

Case

& 3 X03 12
O· P
-

x) > A
u
= .
-
K >
-
(15 -

⑭ X ⑭

& =
30 NmYC 3x108C -

2 x18C
·
S 150m -

z
0
Y +
Vz =

ii). What is the flux

the normal to its axis
through
plane
the same
makes an
square , if
angle 60
ka ,
T
+ 192
T
=
0 =
9x10934-8-248E
with the x-axis !
=
3 =

Solution : & EdSCOS60 xC C15-x)

- d 3x103 x 102x
=
2x = 45 -

3x = 5x =
45 x= Gam

Sunil Jangra Physics

°

168 &E #-Case :

P =
15 Nm2C
+ - -

O # P
⑳ ⑭ O

3X18C -
2 X/8
15 "(TC 15) -
9
. Two Charges #louC placed 5mm apart !
-
-

are .

& If -
Determine the electric field at a point 9 15cm ,

away from Centre O line passing through ·

x =
2x 32 e
on a = = = =

XC
Centre O G normal to axis of the dipole as

Solution : CNCERT) 3x 2x - =
45
15N0'm
m
x 45 CM
& r 15 cm
= = =

Ez ·

p 92a
=

15 an 2 .
8). Fig (a) and Fig(b) show the field lines of a
>
positive and negative point charge respectively
-

10uC + 10uC
E .
-

G
⑭ ④ ⑭

A · B (a) .
·

(b) .

·
-
5mm - Here G M
X
P1 X L
&

So E
I
=
< > > <
A

Foxx xios =>

B
·

20 Cox
-

-x10* x L T
T O
E = =
Y N

15 x # X ** X (a) Give of the potential difference

the
signs
- = 1 33 X
.

105 Vp-Vg ; YB-VA

"Bis less

along BA 80 : Vp-Vg the "B-VA The

negative
= =
(b) Give the
. sign of work done
by field in .
5 G) =
Three Capacitors each of Capacitance 9 pF
are connected in Series
moving a small the
charge from & to P. .

Solution :
Negative . (i) What is the total
.
capacitance
G Cs
of the Combinations
= +t G
=

G Cz + C , Czt C2Cz
,

() .
Give the sign of the work done by the external ' =
gxx 9x19x => 30-36 + e

in 8 IX1024 + 8/X+ BINX

agency moving a small
negative charge
from B to A 10
C
o
3x F
3pF
=
=

solution : Positive
(ii). What is the potential difference across each

(d) of capacitor , if the combination is connected to

Does the
negative
Kinetic a
.

energy a small

charge increase or decrease in

going from 120V
supply. G Ge Cz
B to A ? Solution :
u

=
V
force of repulsion c9
ob : arge
>
Solcele Due to
= =
thee
on
V
T
↳
-
-
④ ⑦
negall velocity
,
tes 8 Hence

KI netic from BtoA Y

: Y0 Yo
I ③ Ger Ver
·
the
Des in going
= =

energy
⑨ =
3x X /20

.G
3) and -LUC Y V2 Y =B 40V ⑨ 360pG
=

2uC placed
= =
Two
charges are =
=

-x
at pointsAt and B 6cm apart.
④ identity an equipotential surface of the system
.

S ↳ the plane
↳ on which total
6 .
9) ·
A 600pF capacitor is charged by a 200V

Potential is Supply It is then disconnected from the supply

zero
everywhere
. .

A ·
B and is connected to another
uncharged 60opF
-
electrostatic energy is lost
+ zuC 6 Cm -

24C capacitor . How much

in this process ? CNCERT)

>
- The plane normal to AB & passing Solell-On :
·

6 X18C
m

through its mid point has zero potential C 60opF G 600pF

=

everywhere
Sunil Jangra Physics X18C
-
200 6
(b) what is the direction of electric field at = 600 PF
(uncharged)
every point on this surface ? Y 2001
=

Y
=
OV

AGC(Vise
Normal to the plane in the direction AB .

Energy Lost

4 .
9) A Parallel plate capacitor with air between the
x1 600x10 (200 -
.

has X600
plates a
capacitance of 8 PF .
what will be =>

Capacitance if
the the distance between the plates (600 X 11+ 600 X 102)
is reduced space between them is
by half o the
X 6XY EX X104
filled with a substance of dielectric Constant 6
. =*
-
-X
%
S01 :-Air between the plates =
6 X10 J Answer
C 8 pF
E
= =

F .
G = In a parallel plate capacitor with air
between the plates , each plate has an area of
When
- between them is file
>
-

, space 6X10m and the distance between the plates

with a dielectric Constant 6 .

is 3mm ·
Calculate the
Capacitance of the capa-
c C
KE
6X2
EoG
=
=W =

C' I re -
citor .
If this capacitor is connected to a look

supply , what is the charge on each plate of the

C = 12 x 8 pF g6 PF
=

capacitor ?
# Solution :
.
A = GxSm2 d = 3 x10 m Current Electricity
18x x = 1 9) A
negligible small current is passed through
E
C 8 85
1707 x/
.
= .
= . x
A a wire length 15m and uniform cross-section
-X
6x17m2 and its resistance is measured to be
Given V = 100V Q CV 17 7 X1'X 100 what is the of the material at
resistivity
=
5~
= :
.

⑨ = 1707 X 101 C the temperature of the experiment ? (NCERT)

Solution :
8. ) Explain
=
what would happen it in the capacitor given : R =
52 A = GNFm2 1 15 m
=

given in Last question , a 3mm thick mica

o Resistance of wire
sheet (of dielectric constant 6) were R
P
= = =
·

inserted between the plates

-

cas while the voltage supply remained connected . p= A = 5 X6x17 = 2 x16 -M

Answer
given + =
3 mm K= G 15

↳
voltage remain connected V : Constant
2
2 . 8) ·
A silver wire has a resistance of 2 :
C' =
KC =
D =
6 N 1707 X10 = 106 : 2 XI0 F at 27 5 C .
°

and a resistance of 207 at

°

· Determine the
100 C temperature coefficient of
⑤ k8 6 x 17 7 X15 1062 x110 of silver
resistivity CNCERT)
= =
. = :

=> 10 % 62X18C A Sollection :

im RF R2705 =
2012 Ry Roo =
20F-
(b). After the disconnected
supply was .

t =
2F 5 C
·
to = 100 C
·
.

d =
KC =
1106 · 2 x 10 F
·
o
Temperature coefficient of silve is given by
4= R2- Ri
= C
°

207-201
Constant
1 10
V = = = 16 6 V %
°
= => 0 .
0039
R
,
(ta-t) 201 (100 -

27.5)

3 .
8) =
Estimate the average drift speed of
9 8) ·
A I2PF Capacitor is connected to a 50v conduction electrons in a copper wire of
electrostatic
battery.
Sunil Jangra Physics
How much energy cross-sectional is x17m2 Carry
area 1 0 :

ing a
stored in the capacitor ? current of 1 5A Assume the
density Of
. .

Shon :
given C = 12 X10F V =
50V Conduction electrons to be 9 x1028 m3 .

Solution : given A= 1 :
0x157m2 I= 1.5 #
U CV2 101 x
+ 9 X1028 m 3
= =
X /2 X 50 x 5
n= Vo=?

0 6x515 x 10
%
15 x 1595 1 5 x1883
= F FTop GNP28XGXIOS
=
I= AneVd Va
= =
=
:

10). A
regular hexagon of side 10cm has a
charge
5UC at each of its vertices Calculate . the
Va
=toEx
=

X =
0 %
1042x6
potential at the centre of the (NCERT) 042x103 m/s
hexagon . =
1 .

Se
q q V =
Ka/r .8 of emf internal resistance
A
battery IOV and
4
=

3
- is connected to a resistor if the current
cocm 9x18 5x10x
.

V= 10
10
, in the circuit is 0 5 A , what is the resistance of
the resistor
.

What is the terminal of

q ⑳
q ? voltage
O V =
45x104 when the circuit is closed ! (NCER
the
battery
Soleli-18
Total Potential at O Given E 10 V = =
32 % = 0 5A:
IOV Ro
M
q q 4
=
6445X10 E= i(R+1) bit
= 270X104 10 =
005 (R + 3)
=
3

18V
-

=
27 x 105 = 207 X 20 =
R+ 3 * R =
20 3 -
= /F2 E
 Terminal Voltage
+ 2i -0
5ir +
Lig 2
=
V =
E-in ,

V= 10 0 5X3 10 1 5 =
8 5 V ↳ -
ig-2i,
. = - : .

0
-
=
L
-

5) bigtig 2 -
heating using nichrome connected
=
. =
A element
to a 230V
supply draws an initial current
i-ig
L
-

2i,
=
0
-
0x
of 3 2 A which settles after
. a few seconds to
a
steady value of 2 8A . .
What is the
steady- 2if + 4ig -

:
I
= 0
-
X 2

temperature of the heating element if the room

i2-ig -
2i
,
=
0
temperature is ? Temp Coefficient of
°
27 0 C .
·

Li
- Hig [8ig 0
=

resistance of nichrome the temperature [

averaged over ,

range involved is 1 70 x
.
104 C"
y
.

3i O
gig 3 Y
0
Big
8 0= 5
- -
= = -
= -
-
= -

solution: given V= 230V i

"
=
3 27.

if 2 .
8A g
T 1 70 XI * C Put
ig in 19th
° -
= 27 C < = : .

value of

(R2-R ) 6X-3ig + ig = 2
230 R20
1 =
, R= =
787R =
&2
,
R CT2-T ) 18ig +
ig
2
-
=

,
,

17ig = 2
ig - =
A
-

(Tz T1)
Re-R Tz
R+
= R -
= =
,
, &

6ic 2
6ig 2+ = Gl 3
i=
4 & -#
-
=
= =
=
=
L
7
:

10 27

usingvalue ofingig ine Of eit

T2 = ·

+ 27 C = % 840 = .
56 + 27
122 % 8 x 154 = 867 56 C .
°

6)= Determine the current in each branch of

the network shown in figure
By i ig ·
-
7) 8 . A
storage battery of emf 8 0V & internal .

resistance is
Solution: 10
T To Hee
0 51 .

being charged by a /zov

Balanced condition &

I dc
supply using a series resistor of 15 .
5-
.

#
-
I
battery
= 2 C what is the terminal of the
↳ - + voltage
= =
A O
I 52 O

#
i
during charging ? What is the purpose of having
O I
I 2 + g
not Balanced "H p-xT
Sunil Jangra Physics series resistor in the
charging current
Br V a .

I T 101
LOOP ADCEA S Giver :
i
/

O
A
V
D
E E 8 0V 05 X = 120V Rg =
15 5 -
5:2-10(eig)
= =

10(iti)
: .
-
+ 10 -
=
0 -

*
I

5i + 10(ietig) + 10 (i+ 12)

11
= 10 10- IOV
10
0 5-2
-
>
storage battery
25: +
10ig + 10 !
.

2
0 X= [Re
5i2 ↑Lig + 2i , 2 -
=
W I er

Rg 120V (120 8) - = [ (16)

LOOP ABDE i 7A
H
=
=

10
% -5ig +
5:2 0
During charging
- =

Si
, -ig + is =
0 -
& =
E + ir = 8 + F X005 =
8 + 3.5 =
11 5 V
.

LOOP BCDB >

-

Series resistor limits the current drawn

-

5(i- -ig) + 10 (i + ig) + 5 = 0

q from the external source
·

54 Sig
+ + 10i +
loig Sig + 0
-
=

Si
-
+
10ig + 20i =
O
, g
i -
+
2if +
Hig 0
-
=

,
8) . The number of free electrons in . An element
. 9) did (where dx
=
density a 3 =
1cm) is
copper conductor estimated is 8 5 x1028m How
. .
placed at the
origin and carries
large
a

long does an electron take to drift from one i

current =
10 A . what is the
magnetic field
end of a wire 3 0m long to its other end ? .
on the Y-axis at a distance of 0 5 m
:

! (NCERT)
The area of cross-section of the wire is 2 0x10m .
&tion : Use Biot Savart's Law
· it is
carrying
a current of 3 0 A . .

dx =
1cm = 10'm
Son : giver
5 x10 m3 +=?
8 1 3m di
U i
(dexF) i
(ase
=

Mo
4 = . = =

A =
2 x100m2 i 3 0 A

↑
=

W
.

A
lXION
id(ix)
i Aneva Va # aB
no
= t = = =

1 l
Ane -

: 5)2
(0
Y = 2
2 x 100 X 8 .
5 X108x 1 6X
. 119 d
= 19 * 4x8

Time =
1 =
5X2x18 8 .
3x10
*
X 1 : 6 X10's
s 4. wire in the
Vol = A
long straight horizontal
Time =
27 2 :
x 103 * 2 7 : X10" B (7 5h) .

plane carries a current of 501 in north

=.

to south direction
. Give the
magnitude o

direction of B at a point 2 5m .
east of the wire .

CH-4 Moving Charges & Magnetism Solution:

given i 50 A (N toS) B=?
=

1). Q = A solenoid of
length 0 5m has a
.
radius r= 2 5 m 0
(east of the wire)
of and is made up of 500 turns
1 cm .
9t E
carries a current of 5A What is the .

magnitude
·

r=2
B =
M
.
5m
2stf
of magnetic field inside the solenoid ! (NCERTL N
-s
Son : Given N=500 1 0 5m i= 5

&Exo
= .

V= / Cm = 10 n lat B =

7
/ 4 x 10 ST
B Moni
Sunil Jangra Physics
(I upward
4+x 10 x 4/[X 5 X
500
= =
x 5 = B =

4 .

201X10
=>

=> 6 28. X10-3 T 5 8) . What is the magnitude of magnetic force

per unit wire
length on a
carrying a current
2) 8 wire of of making an angle of 30 with direction of
°
= A
straight mass 2009 and length / m .
8A
carries a current of 4A .
It is suspended in a uniform magnetic field of 0 15T ? (NCERT .

mid-air by uniform Sol

horizontal magnetic-given f= ?
°

a BA i =
0 30=
B =
0 .
157
field B .
What is the magnitude of the magnetic
F + 8 x0 % 5 X sin 3 :
field ? ilBsino
E
= = =

Solution : Given ·
m=
2009 171 .
5m i 4A=

mi + =

8 X0015X
=
4X0015 = 006 Ni

ilB
mg
=

X 98 98=
0E
mg 200X98-
B =
= = =
 6) = Two and parallel
long straight wire A and B 10) & The full :
scale deflection current of a
galvano -

currents of 8 A and 5 0 A in the same-meter of resistance is SMA How will

carrying /
you
. .
.

direction are separated distance of 4 0 convert it into a voltmeter of ?

by a um
range 5V
.

Estimate the force on a loc section of wire

A. &
Solution : G 12
Ig 5xA V = 5V
= =

~A in =
517 V = 4 cm = 4x10'm ( 10(m = = =
om
0

R
(Exos -1) 500 1 99
= =
= -
e
2
e XIx
Mos
F = => 4
- 5 X 10cm

X Fem should be connected in series with the

F= 200 X107 =
2 x10 N Answer galvanometer .

=>

7 .
9: A Square Coil of Side 10cm consists of 20 turns
CH-5 Magnetism and Matter
and carries current of 12 A .
The Coil is suspended 1.G = A short bar
magnet has a magnetic
direction &
vertically and Normal to the plane of the coil moment of 0 48J17 Give the
. ·

of 30 with the direction of uniform magnitude of the magnetic

°

field produced
makes an
angle
horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 0 807. .

by the magnet at a distance of 10cm from the

What is the torque experienced by
magnitude of centre of the
magnet on

the coil ? CNCERT) (i) the anis r= 10 cm =

001m
100cm
°

88 N = 20 EF/2A A =
8 = 38 B =
0 ·
807 E N
P
b
& ⑳
T=? ⑭

2TX12
p *

= NiABsino 80
x
X1
=
x 0 .

B 4 X1pFx 2 x
=M2 0
=

T 96
12
x
=
x0 ·
80 =
0 ·
N 4st
-x 001 X 001 XOol

107x
96 X ST
B = 2x 48 x 100
.
8 Q A rectangular
= coil of area [xiotm" 8 40 turns
=
B =

100X /
is pivoted about one of its vertical sides
. The

coil is in a radial horizontal field of 60G

. (ii) the equatorial lines (Normal Disector) of
what is the torsional constant of the hair springs the . -
magnet Bo
connected to the coil , if a current of 400 mA
Sunil Jangra Physics produces
B
deflection of 16 %?
Ho H
=
an
angular H

Satino EKXIEA
4m2 N 40 B 60G 1? OF B
4xFx T
= = = as ② ·

S N
1G =
14 T
1x 1000 X 48 10 T
40X6Ox"X < 15 *x 1x 103
B 48 x
= =

k NAi
=
= x I
O
t FOOXIO" Iex10 ·

2 10X60x10"X 2 x 10X 13 , Nm/degree 2) A short bar magnet of magnetic moment

= = .
=

M= 0 325/7 is placed in uniform

a
magnetic
.

9) =
A galvanometer of resistance 15 gives full field of 0 15 T
:
if the bar is free to rotate in the

scale deflection for a current of 2mA .

Calculate the plane of field , which orientation would
correspond
shunt resistance needed to convert it to an ammeter to its (i) Stable -
> for stable
of 0 to 5 A . 2018 U MBCOSO
equilibrium
range
=
O 00
-

Solution : G =
15 m
2A S =? (=
5 0 - =
5a
U= -
0 .
32 X 0 15 x COSO .

V 0 048 J
2X163X 1 5 30x83
-
=

[gG
.

S = = = =
0 006 - 0

4998x10 (ii) Unstable Equilibrium

i-ig 5-
10 8 =
188
U = -
MBCOSO = U= -
0 32 X 0015X
: -
/

U = + 0 .
0487
. 9) = A short bar b) What is the torque
3
magnet placed with its axis at . on the
magnet in

30 with uniform external magnetic field of

°

a cases (i) and (ii)

experiences torque of Solution [ MBSino

0 23 T a
magnitude :
=
.

X10 23 What is the of case (i) Case(ii)

equal to 405 .

magnitude
magnetic moment of the magnet ? [= 1 5 :
X 0 22 X/
.
I =
1 5 x
.
0 22 XO
·

8: given 0 30=
°

B =
0 25 T
.
[ 4 5 x16
= : 2] I= 0 :
33 #

I =
MBSinO = M== =
4 5 X 10 42
:
6) Q
.
=
A solenoid has a core of a material with

Bring= SGN
relative
0 25 X /
permeability 400 The windings of
:
·

the solenoid insulated from the and

=
are core

M ! if the number of turns

carry a current of 2A .

is 1000 per metre ,

Calculate
(a) H
& =
A closely wound solenoid of 800 turns & H =
HI =
1000 X 1
=
IX10 "Alm
area 0 5 xtm" carries
of cross-section 2
a current of 3 0A . .

Explain the sense in which (b) . B =

M
, NoH =
400 x 4/ X1Fx 2x10
the solenoid acts like a bar
magnet What .
=
1 0 T
:

is its associated magnetic moment ?

(C)
Solution :
m

5 X10 TM2
M
(magnetisation)
N = 800 17 =
2 : i 3A
=
M= (B-MoH)Allo
>
-
A
magnetic field develops along the axis of
the solenoid .
Therefore current -

carrying
M =

(Mrllot-Hott) lo
solenoid acts like a bar
magneto
M =
(Ur 1) -
H * M =
399X 2x103
4
M =
NIA = 800 x 3 X 205 X 10 400 X2X10 = 8 X10* Alm
4 XIY
X 2 10 2400 X
/Es
=
2400 05 X =

(a)
Magnetising Current (7m)
=
6000 x 15 4
= 0 68
:
T
6J5 the axis of the solenoid determined
=>> 0 .

along
by the sense of the flow of current
Sunil Jangra Physics
.

.B
5) . A bar
magnet of magneis moment 105 JFlies
with the direction of uniform
aligned a

magnetic field of : 22T

0 .
CH-6
Electromagnetic Induction
(a) =
What is the amount of work required by an

external torque to turn the

magnet so as to 18). A circular coil of radius 10cm , 500 Turns &
its resistance 22 is placed with its plane per-
align magnetic moment
(i) normal to the field direction pendicular to Horizontal component of Earth's
JT 0 =00 field It is rotated about its vertical
magnetic
°

888 M =
105 B =
0 227 : 0 98 =

,
.

W= -

MB [COSO, -

COSO, diameter through . Estimate the

180 in 0 25s .

of the emt & current induced in

I - 0 33 (0-1) :
0 33]
magnitude
=
= .

the coil: BH 3 x10 T

= .

(ii) Opposite to the field direction ? O= 188 Solution :

m
33 (COS180 COSO v = 10cm N 500 R 2
IN 10 ·
given = om
= - = =

I 0 33 X-2 0066]
= =
Answer
- :

2
A = V = 3 14 X 001X 001
: = 0 0314 .

= -
Nd =
2= -
N(D2-0 ) ,

dt dt

↳ -
NBA (COSO2 -COSO ) ,

d
 200
C= -500X3x105x 0 0314(- 1 - 1) e= Book 0 5 X Ox
0X
: = .

0025
e :
0 5 .
X200 =
100V
e = 0x3 x 314 X -

2x100
25
- -
104 4) 8 A rectangular loop
= of sides 8cm and

2 = 3768 x 10-3 = = 3768X163

.
2cm with a small cut is
moving out of a

uniform magnitude
1000 regi
·n of a
magnetic field of
e =
3 8 X103 V
.
0 37
. directed normal to the loop What is the .

voltage developed across the cut , if

velocity
i 3 8 163 X10 A
2
=
=
.
x = 1 9
:

Answer of loop is 1 cms in a direction normal to the

CNCERT)
2 (i)
longer side ?
15 m2
given : A 8 x2 16 cm2 = = = 16 X

2)8 = A horizontal straight wire com long (i) B =

0 3T .
U = Im =
18m/
extending from East to west is falling X X x x
*
with a speed of 5 m/s , at right to E =S E Blu
angles
=

X X X X X
the horizontal component of the earth's
⑭
- (iC
X /02
-

field , 0 30 x 10 " kb/m2 E

⑳
0 3 X8
magnetic
. ·
X x x X X = .

⑳
3 = 2 4 X10 4 V
.

X X X X X
4) What is the instantaneous value of the
emf induced in the wire ? X X X
x X

sation : give X
P
0 98
°

V 5 m/s
& iii , we (b). Shorter side
CX102m
of the loop ?
& 10
2
0 3 X2X10
=

l 2cm E
=
= = =
BLV = :

x <down * X
=
0 6 · XI V
= Bulsino = =
0 30 X
.
10X 5 X 10 X Sin go For How
long does the induced
voltage last in
each case ?
C = 15 X10" = C =
1 5X:
8V Answe Case (i) Case(ii)

(ii). What is the direction of the emf ?

t distance moved
=

Velocity.
t = 8
% = 8
ge

Sunil Jangra Physics

Ans direction of emf will be east west to
02
=

t =
25
F-R R
=
.
H . .

(iii) end of the wire is at the

.

Which higher
electric potential ? 5)
G Current in a circuit falls from 5 0 A to .
OA

electric Potential in 0 18 if an
West
Higher average emf of 200V is
.
. ·

induced , give an estimate of the self

inductance of the circuit
. CNCERT)
3) = A Im
long conducting rod rotates with
on :
an
angular frequency of 400 rad/s about E = -
(di = 200 = -

I
axis normal to the rod E 001
an
passing through
its end The other end of the rod is 200
= Answer
one .
H
in contact with a circular metallic ring
.
A constant magnetic field of 0 37 .

parallel
69 A solenoid with 15 turns per un
to the axis exists
everywhere. Calculate =
long
the emf developed between the centre and has a small loop of area 2 0 cm2 placed .

CNCERT) inside normal to the axis of solenoid

ring .

c
,
. if the
SA given 2 Im current carried the solenoid
:
by changes
=

aXiS
Filli W = 400 rad/s steadily from 217 to 41 in 0 8 , what is .

Rod
B =
0 5T:
the induced voltage in the loop , while the
current is
changing ? CNCERT
> -
Solution : = 2 cm2 ·
BW
di
2 Induced
- s Sion : emf

mus =
ven =

%
n 15/cm X0 4 X 10 X 4X3 14 X (0 5)
=
= . . .

When the current changes through the solenoid,

in magnetic X18 *V
=
field also take place 0 628 Answer
a
change
.

within it
: Note : The number is immaterial
of
spokes
initial MoF in Solenoid Final M F in solenoid
-
because the emfs across the spokes are

B =
Moni B Holz
= in parallel .

. f

Bo =
4x 10 10x 2
15 x
By 4xx10FX 15 x 10 X4
x =
98 =
use lenz law to determine the direction
Bo XIS By 2401 X 155 + induced current in the situation
=
120/ T =
of
described
by fig.
initial flux coil Final flux through Coil (a) A wire of
through irregular shape turning into
a circular shape.

⑥ =
B A
, Of By A =

16*x 2 x184
df 240/X13x 104 -Turning into
2x
= 120 / x = X X X x a

circular shape
P 24015x109(b
A X
* X X X

Pf 480/5X189
xpx
=

kb
=
in flex
change
Tin
>

i
-

#
* * d X
↑ inded em ↳
Increasing .

**
*
AX X ACC to lenz's
- x -
x X
E 155 x
-(
di)
24
x 2 40 x 3 14 direct-on of i is
= = = :
/ >
-

x X ~
X X
%
x
-anticlockwise
= -
75
.
x / V

7) Q =
Kamla peddles a
stationary bicyle .
The () A circular loop being deformed into a

pedals of the bicycle are attached to a narrow beam

straight wire
100 turn coil of area 0 % 10m2. The Coil
· · ·
C · ·

rotates at half revolution per second and

· ⑳
>
-

Anticlockwise
b
it is placed in a uniform
magnetic
·
field ·

of 0 01 T perpendicular to the axis of

(b b· ·
. ·
I
Ch

Sunil Jangra Physics

rotation of the coil .
What is the maximum · ·

in the coil ?
a ↑
voltage generated · · · ·

m2
= given N = 100 H = % 10
0 0 =
0 .
5HZ · · ·

↑
· · ·

B =
· 01 T
0

Maximum emf =
NBAC 10) Obtain
. the expression for the
magnetic
stored in terms of
& =
100 X 0001 X 001 X 2 sT X 005
energy magnetic field B ,
3/4V 18 of the
2 0 area
length solenoid
= . .

Stion : We know that

8 ) i = wheel with 10 metallic spokes each
0 .

5mlong is rotated with a speed of UB = : for Solenoid B Moni

=

120 revlmin
plane normal to the in a

the Horizontal component of earth's so UB =t 8 L Mon'Al

LEDz
=

magnetic field He at a place. if He 0 4G .

at the place what is the induced emf

Moral
,
2
between the axle and the rim of the wheel ? WB B Al
= UB
=

Solution : Ill
given I No - .

1 = 0 5 m
. 0 =
120 rev/min
W= IST 2

He 4G 2 x 3 /4 x
#
=
0 · = :

IG FGYT C = 4X3 14 .

rad/s ↓spokes
 Alternating Current (ii) What is the net Power Consumed over a full cycles
. Q (i) The peak voltage of is 300X. What is its Solution : P Yums Frms CNCERT)
an AC
supply
= = .
1
um

rms voltage ? (NCERT) P =

220 X 2 2 .
=
484 W

solutions
given
Y 300 Vrms =?
=

5)Q A inductor is connected

=#
3 21 44mH to 220V , 50 H2 AC
Yrms supply
-
=
= 0 =
·

Determine the rms value of the current in the circuit

(ii) The rms value of current in an AC circuit is 10A .

What is the net power absorbed over a complete cycles
What is the peak current ? (NCERT) Explain . NCERT
2sif-
②

f
given irmsFIOAI· Sono given 220V co
solutions ↑ L : 44mH Yrms 50
I = = =
z
rms
E
irms = Yums X = (c =
44 X 103x 2/TX 50
io Prmst 1012 14 % 4 A L *
= 4045
= = =

29). A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 283X and frequency

irms =

20 irms =
0
=
15
. . i

50 Hz is applied to a Series LCR circuit in which

R =
32 ,
L 25 48 MH
= .
and C =
796 uF ·
Find CNCERT) Net Power absorbed

(i ). the impedance of the circuit -

P =
VrmsirmsCOSP For pure inductive circuit ,
0 =
90

% 283 V + 50H2 R 32 ( 25 48mH C 796MF :. P Thus Power

given -
Spent in half is retrieved
=

cycle
=
: = = .
= 0 one

z 1R + (X, Xx) = -

in the other half

cycle.
4 F LC0 = (X2 (if = 25 48 x . 10*X 2 X 3 14 X 50 &
.
& =
2

X =
+ =
+ =
↳ 4R 68) A . series (C-R circuit connected to a variable frequency
C EstfC
131314x 50496x100
.

230V Source has 1 =

5 0H. C 80MF R
= =
40 2 ,
as shown in
, ,

so z = Be Answer the figure. INCERE

I
Re
(i) Determine the source
frequency ~ C
(ii) Phase difference between the across the source which drives the circuit in
voltage resonance .

and current· 80: Resonant frequency ·

solution tand
XXc
4
tan) 53 %
*oxios" Exis
=

or
: = = =
Answe
a

(iii) the Power factor Wr rads

100
= =
50

Solution : COSP = COS [53.) =

0 :
60 Answer

3) g =

suppose the
frequency of the source in the above (ii) Obtain the impedance of the circuit and amplitude of

Sunil Jangra Physics

be varied. CNCERT)
example can current at the resonant
frequency.
(i) What is the frequency of the source at which resonance occurs
? impedance Xc Se : At =
Xc i e .

z = R

Son : Resonant frequency of a So 2 = 40 -

0

2SLIC
(iii) Determine the rms potential drop across the three elements

O = => 8 =
35 4 H2 .
of the circuit show that the potential drop across the LC
2 X3 14 X 125 48 103 x 796X156 combination is
resonating frequency.
.
.
x zero at the

(ii) Calculate the impedance dissipated Sion irms

2
,
the current and power : = =
5 7 i .

of resonant condition
.

Sa : At resonance I =
P =
3- Potential drop across R Potential drop across L

Y PrmsR irmsc irms

As =1 = 3
Current Frms
= =
66 % =

Y = = La

=
5 75 X 40
.
=
2301/ Y = 5 75 X5 X50
:
=
143705 V

Power dissipated of Resonant condition

Potential drop across C
P =
i msR =
(6607)2 x3 13350 V
800
irmsX+
5 75
Vc irmsXg 5 75 X

X
= = .
= = .

4) 8 A 100 resistor is connected to 220V , x50 400

: - 50H2
Supply ·

(i) What is the ums value of current in the circuit V= 143705 V

f (NCERT)
Solution : given R 100
Yrms220V 50 z
= =

irms
Ams
do i
20
= =
=
7) 0 =
A lamp is connected in series with a capacitor Predict · CH-8 EM Waves

your observations for do and ac connections What .

happen 10 A charged particle
.
oscillates about its mean position
in each case if the capacitance of the Capacitor is reduced ? With frequency 109 Hz .
What is the frequency of electromag -

Solution When a do source is connected ⑪ 11

-

netic wave produced by the oscillator ? (NCERT)

u

Solution : + 10' H2 , The

to a capacitor , the capacitor gets charged and after =

frequency of electromagnetic
Hows
charging no current in the circuit and the lamp will wave produced by the oscillator is same as that of

not
glow .
There will be no
change even if C is ·
reduced
Oscillating charged particle about its equilibrium
with ac source ,
the capacitor offers capacitative position .
reactance (I/(C) and the current flows in the circuit .

and the lamp will shine. .

2 What physical quantity is the same for X-rays of

consequently the lamp ,

will shine .

Reducing C will Yes

wavelength I'm , red
light of wavelength 6800 A &

reactance and the lamp than before. radio of ? INCERT)

will shine less
brightly waves wavelength 500m

Solution : Speed remains the same but wavelength differs .

· B) . A
light bulb and an
open coil inductor are connected to

an ac source
through a
key as shown in
figure . 3
. =
Figure shows a capacitor made of two circular plates
(If
mon
11 The switch is closed and after each of radius 12cm & separated by 5 0cm The
. .
capacitor is being
sometime ,
an iron rod is inserted charged by an external source (not shown in the figure) :
The

into the interior of the inductor.

charging current is constant and equal to 0 15 A . .
INCERT)

un
e The glow of the
light bulb (i) Calculate the capacitance & the rate of change of potential
(a) increases difference between the plates.
(b) decreases () is
unchanged. Solution : V = 12 m = 12 X1m d = 5 x10'm
sation : Iron rod inserted =* [Pes * XILW (Ts A =< V
=
=
3 14 (12 x 104)
. m2
i Current Pes= Glow C 85 x152x 3 14(12 X 152,
2
10
E
.
e es = =
8 . . =
8 85X3 14 x 144 X
.
:

5 x 102 5

9) 8 BOOX1'
A 15 UF Capacitor is connected to a 220V 50H2 Source. C=
&XR C
&p
= =
.

Find the capacitive reactance and current (rms & peak)

15 X1012 5x1p 875
in the circuit If the frequency is doubled What
ca <C E C C
0 1
=
happens 8
= = = =

+
.
. = = .

to the capacitive reactance and the current ?

173xp
=

sation given XcF ? irms = 109 ANSC

: C 151F V = 2201 + 50Hz
dV 18 75 X
= =
= .

i=

=* Foxxso" ,
000000
Sunil Jangra Physics
2000
= e
e (ii) Is Kirchhoff's

capacitor ? Explain
first rule valid at each

.
plate of the

(NCERT)

solution : Yes, Kirchhoff's first rule is valid because we take

irms
1ms 220
1 0 e
= =
= :

the current to be sum of conduction current and the displacement

current

The Peak current is is =

[2irms (1 41) (1 = : :
04) =
1 . 47 # 4. (i) A plane electromagnetic
. wave travels in vacuum along
& -

direction .
What can you say about the direction of electric
↳ if the If
frequency - than Xc is halved & magnetic field vectors ? (NCERT)

and the current is doubled

.
& xc =
-Ec
Solution :
Ax()
direction -
> Ex

A 1

10) B At an airport person is made to

through the z- direction
↑
.
a walk
*

doorway of a metal detector ,

for
security .If
reasons she/he 3(B ↳

-
#

is carrying any thing made of metal ,

the metal detector emits EGB vectors must be in andy direction .

sound .
On what Principle does this detector work ! (ii) If the frequency of the wave is 30MHz .
What is its

Solution: The metal detector work on the principle of resonance wavelength ? INCERT)
nur

in ac circuits
. When
through solution : (= fx x108 3 00
/
x= IOM
walk
4
metal detector , 3
you = =
a = =
.

in fact coil of turns

30x106 3 O

you are , ,
walking through a
many . The

coil is connected to a capacitor turned so that the circuit

is in with metal in
resonance . When
you walk
through
your pocket , the impedance of the circuit changes
s I e
change in
.

current in the current and the electronic circuitary causes a

sound to be emitted as an alarm

.
5) =
A radio can tune into any station in the 7 5 MHz to 12 MHz .

band . What is its corresponding wavelength ? (NCERT

solution : f =
7 5 MHz
.

+2 =
12 MHz

x
= 31086 12
E 3 x 10e
= =

x x2 300
300
= =
4 =
=
25
,

↳)
Wavelength range is from 25m to 40m .

6) 8. The amplitude of the magnetic field part of a harmonic

electromagnetic wave in vacuum is Bo =

510nT ·
What is

the amplitude of the electric field part of the wave ? (NCERT) .

S: Bo =
510 X 109 T

c = E. = E =
CB ,
=
3x 108x 510 X 109
Bo
E =
153 NIC

7) .

Q Suppose
=
that the electric field amplitude of an E M
.

wave is Eo =
120 NIC & that its frequency is 0 =
50 MHz

Determine Bo ,
w , K and X .

Solution :

Bo Eo 40 X10 UXIT
Eo = =10
C =
= = =

W =
2 f = 2 x 3 14 : x50X10° =
314 x
°
10 =
3 14 . x108 rads
K = 25 = W = 314x100 = 1 .
05 rad/m
* [ 3 X108

x
308 300
a
= =
=

↳ Find expressions for E and

E = E . Sin (KK-ct) B =
BoSin (kx-ct)
E
=
120 sin (1 :
05K-3 . 14 x 188 +) B = 4 xSin (105x -

3 14 X
. 108+)

8) =The terminology
-

of different parts of the

electromagnetic

Sunil photon
Jangra Physics
spectrum is given in the text Use the formula E hu (for . =
energy
of a
quantum of radiation :
Photon) & obtain the

energy in units of ev for different parts of the electromag -

netic spectrum In what way are the different scales

-

of photon energies that you Obtain related to the sources

(NCERT)
electromagnetic radiation ?
of
solution : Given Energy of Photon E ,
=
he

For X-rays

frequency ofV-rays 0 3 x100Hz

=

63x15343s x 3X16205 105 X10

1989
E =
40 = %
6 =
X = 1 24
:

16 x 1519 j

4 The source of is nuclear

X-rays origin
For X-rays 8 = 3X 10. H2
So E =
6 63 x
:
189"x 3 x 1018 = 1 .

24 x 10eV
1 6 x 1519
The retardation of high
.

electron produces X-rays

energy .

Type of radiation Photon energy

Ultraviolet rays 4012eV

-

Visible rays 2 475 eV .

Infrared waves 4 125 x 102 eV

:

Microwaves 4
/ 25 x 105 eV
°
Radio waves
. 1 24
: x 10 eV