5048 2twice

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Theme: Circle geometry.

Date:
Class: SS2
Time:
Period:
Duration:
Subject: Mathematics
Unit topic: Circle theorem.
Lesson topic: Angle subtended at the centre of a circle is twice that on the remaining parts of
the circumference.
Specific Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
i) Identify a circle and the centre of a circle.
ii) State the theorem to be proved.
iii) Prove the theorem.
iv) Apply the theorem in solving mathematical problems involving angles at the centre
of circles.
Instructional Resources: A chart showing diagrams of angles at the centre of a circle.
Presentation
------Step 1: Identification of students’ prior ideas.
Mode: whole class.
Teacher’s activities: The teacher then states the theorem to be proved. The angle subtended by
an arc, at the centre of a circle is twice the angle it subtends at any point on the circumference.
The teacher explains that an arc is part of the circumference of a circle which runs from
one point to another point. For instance,

In this diagram, AB is an arc of the


circle.

A B

Students’ activities: note the explanation


------Step 2: Exploration.
Mode: whole class.
Teacher’s activities:The teacher explains the format which should be used in proving a
theorem. The format should follow the following sequence:
a. Given;
b. Required to prove;
c. Construction (if any);
d. Proof.
Students’ activities: Note the format.
------Step 3: Discussion.
Mode: whole class.
Teacher’s activities: The teacher applies the above format to prove the theorem.
C

x y

2x 2y
A B
P

GIVEN:Arc AB subtends AOB at the centre O and ACB at the circumference of a circle shown
above.
TO PROVE: AÔ B = 2AĈB
CONSTRUCTION: Join CO and produce to P as in the circle above.
PROOF:
In ∆ AOC,
AO = OC (radii of circle ABC)
∴ OÂ C = OĈA = 𝑥 (base angle of isosceles ∆ AOC)
∴ PÔ A = 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 2𝑥 (exterior angles of ∆ AOC)
Similarly,
In ∆ BOC,
OB = OC (radii of circle ABC)
∴ OBC = OCB = 𝑦 (base angles of isosceles ∆ BOC)
∴ PÔ B = 𝑦 + 𝑦 = 2𝑦 (exterior angles of ∆ BOC)
But,
AÔ B = PÔ A + PÔ B
= 2𝑥 + 2𝑦
= 2(𝑥 + 𝑦)
= 2AĈB Q.E.D.
Students’ activities: Listen, ask questions and copy notes.
------Step 4: Application.
Mode: whole class.
Teacher’s activities: The teacher applies the above proved theorem in solving a problem
involving angle at the centre of a circle.
Calculate the size of the marked angle in the diagram below.

2600

M
a P

N
Solution
𝑎 = ½ 𝑜𝑓 2600 (angle at the centre is twice that at the circumference)
2600
∴ 𝑎 = 2 = 1300
Students’ activities: learn and take notes.
------Step 5: Evaluation.
Mode:whole class.
Teacher’s activities: The teacher evaluates the lesson by asking the students the following
questions
1. State the theorem proved in this lesson
2. Calculate the size of the angle lettered b in this diagram.
E

C 1000
Correction D
1. The theorem proved today states that the angle subtended by an arc at the centre of a
circle is twice the angle it subtends at any point on the remaining parts of the
circumference.
2. 𝑏 = ½ 𝑜𝑓 1000 (angle at the centre is twice that at the circumference)
∴ 𝑏 = ½ × 1000
0
100
=
2
= 500
Assignment:
P
x
y
A
O
a

B
1. What can you say about ∆ OAP when O is the centre of the circle?
1. Explain why𝑎 = 2𝑥. Continue from here to prove that angle AOB is twice angle APB. See
the above diagram.
Reference Materials:
1) MAN Mathematics for Senior Secondary School Book Two, 3rd Edition.
2) Essential Mathematics for SSS 2 by A J S Oluwasanmi.

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