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Information about suspension bridge
1.INTRODUCTION
It is estimated that about 900 million rural people in developing countries do not
have reliable year-round access to road networks, and 300 million are without
motorized access. All the money invested into infrastructure improvements for
paved highways and major vehicular bridges are only serving those with a
standard of living appropriating vehicular use and the remaining 300 million rural
citizens have unreliable access to even the most basic services or opportunities.
Investment in rural transportation improvements would help to reduce poverty

through improving access to markets, educational opportunities and medical
clinics not currently accessed.
Accordingly, a country’s ability to maximize its economic potential to link is closely
linked to efficiency of its transportation system. This type of bridge has cables
suspended between towers, plus vertical suspender cables that carry the weight
of the deck below, upon which traffic crosses. The arrangement allows the deck to
be level or to arc upward for additional clearance. Like other Suspension bridge
types, this type often is constructed without false work. Suspension bridges in its
simplest forms were originally made from rope sand wood. Modern Suspension
bridges use a box section roadway supported by high tensile strength cables. With
any bridge project the choice of materials and form usually comes down to cost.
Suspension bridges tend to be the most expensive to build. A suspension bridge
suspends the roadway from huge main cables, which extend from lone end of the
bridge to the other. These cables rest on top of high towers and have to be
securely anchored into the bank at either end of the bridge. The towers allow the
main cables to be draped over long distances. Most of the weight or load of
the bridge is transferred by the cables to the anchorage systems. These are
embedded neither solid rock or huge concrete blocks. Inside the anchorages, the
cables are spread over a large area to evenly distribute the load and to prevent
the cables from breaking free.
2 .PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES
For nearly 50 percent of world’s population living in rural isolation, the lack of
access reinforces the cycle of poverty. Rural community members spend a great
deal of time and effort on transport activities to fulfil their basic needs
These bridges
• For a given capacity, are lighter in weight per foot of bridge.

• They can be built to span gaps up to 400 feet with no intermediate
supports.
• All bridge parts, with exception of main cables and suspenders, can be built
from timber.
• Cable and equipment for construction can be divided into light, compact
loads.
Pedestrian bridge technologies vary vastly in design, cost and function. From a
structural standpoint, pedestrian bridges have taken a number of forms, each with
the function of providing safe transport over an otherwise impassible crossing.
The arrangement allows the deck to be level or to arc upward for additional
clearance. Like other Suspension bridge types, this type often is constructed
without false work.
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
The major components of the suspension type bridge are described below.
Stiffening girders/trusses, Main cables, Main towers in longitudinal and transverse
directions, Anchorages and Suspenders are the necessary components of the
Suspension type bridges. The below Figure 2.1 shows the major bridge
components and parameters.
Fig 2.1 Structural Components of a Suspension Bridge.
The basic structural components of a suspension bridge system are shown in

Figure 2.1. I.
1. Stiffening girders/trusses: Longitudinal structures which support and

distribute moving vehicle loads act as chords for the lateral system and
secure the aerodynamic stability of the structure. Stiffening girders are
typically classified into two-hinge or continuous types. Two hinge stiffening
girders are commonly used for Railway bridges, the continuous girder is
often adopted to ensure train run ability.
2. Main cables: A group of parallel-wire bundled cables which support

stiffening girders/trusses by hanger ropes and transfer loads to towers.
Inearly suspension bridges, chains, eye-bar chains, or other material was
usedfor the main cables. Wire cables were used for the first time in
suspension bridges in the first half of the 19th century, and parallel-wire
cables wereadopted for the first time in the Niagara Falls Bridge in 1854.
Cold drawn and galvanized steel wires were adopted for the first time in the
Brooklyn Bridge in 1883. This type has been used in almost all modern long-
spansuspension bridges. The types of parallel wire strands and stranded
wire ropes that typically comprise cables. As per IRC:24-2010, strands are
bundled into a circle to form one cable. Hanger ropes might be steel bars,
steel rods, stranded wire ropes, parallel wire strands, and others. Stranded
wire rope is most often used in modern suspension bridges.
3. Main towers: Intermediate vertical structures which support main cables

and transfer bridge loads to foundations. In Longitudinal direction, towers
are classified into rigid, flexible, or locking types. Flexible towers are
commonly used in long-span suspension bridges, rigid towers for multi span
suspension bridges to provide enough stiffness to the bridge, and locking
towers occasionally for relatively short-span suspension bridges. In
Transverse direction, towers are classified into portal or diagonally braced
types. Moreover, the tower shafts can either be vertical or inclined.
Typically, the center axis of inclined shafts coincides with the center line of
the cable at the topo the tower. Careful examination of the tower
configuration is important, in that towers dominate the bridge aesthetics
4.Forces :
Three kinds of forces operate on any bridge: the dead load, the live load, and the
dynamic load. Dead load refers to the weight of the bridge itself. Like any other
structure, a bridge has a tendency to collapse simply because of the gravitational
forces acting on the materials of which the bridge is made. Live load refers to
traffic that moves across the bridge as well as normal environmental factors such
as changes in temperature, precipitation, and winds. Dynamic load refers to

environmental factors that go beyond normal weather conditions, factors such as
sudden gusts of wind and earthquakes. All three factors must be taken into
consideration when building a bridge.
5. ADVANTAGES OVER BRIDGE TYPE
• A Suspension bridge can be made out of simple materials such as wood and
common wire rope.
• Less material may be required than other bridge types, even at spans they
can achieve, leading to a reduced construction cost.
• Except for installation of the initial temporary cables, little or no access from
below is required during construction, for example allowing a waterway to
remain open while the bridge is built above.
• Longer main spans are achievable than with any other type of bridge.
• May be better to withstand earthquake movements than heavier and more
rigid bridges.
6.DISADVANTAGES COMPARED WITH OTHER BRIDGE TYPES
• Considerable stiffness or aerodynamic profiling may be required to prevent

the bridge deck vibrating under high winds.
• The relatively low deck stiffness compared to other (non-suspension) types
of bridges makes it more difficult to carry heavy rail traffic where high
concentrated live loads occur.
• Some access below may be required during construction, to lift the initial
cables or to lift deck units. This access can often be avoided in cable-stayed
bridge construction.
7.Name of suspension brigde in india
1. Howrah Bridge
2. The Vidyasagar Setu
3. The Bandra Worli Sea Link
4. Dobra Chanti Bridge
5. Guriah Hath
6. Kidderpore
7. Kalighat
8. Barrackpore
9. Beose
10. Alipore
8.Conclusion:
thorough knowledge about suspension bridges, their structural behavior, their
analysis and design are expected to be gained by the end of this project work.
Various technical drawings used for construction and reference have been drawn
using AutoCAD .

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Micro project

Information about suspension bridge

Investment in rural transportation improvements would help to reduce poverty

• For a given capacity, are lighter in weight per foot of bridge.

The basic structural components of a suspension bridge system are shown in

1. Stiffening girders/trusses: Longitudinal structures which support and

2. Main cables: A group of parallel-wire bundled cables which support

3. Main towers: Intermediate vertical structures which support main cables

as changes in temperature, precipitation, and winds. Dynamic load refers to

6.DISADVANTAGES COMPARED WITH OTHER BRIDGE TYPES

• Considerable stiffness or aerodynamic profiling may be required to prevent

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