Self Efficacy 01

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Self-Efficacy vs. Self-Esteem vs.

Self-Confidence
• Self-efficacy is sometimes confused with self-esteem, but there are important distinctions
between the two.
What is the difference between self-efficacy and self-esteem?
• Self-efficacy refers to how you feel about your ability to succeed in different situations,
while self-esteem refers to your respect for your own value and worth.
self-efficacy the same as self-confidence?
While the two terms are related, there are some important distinctions.
 Self-confidence is more general and refers to a person's overall belief in themselves in all
contexts.
 Self-efficacy, on the other hand, is more specific and context-dependent. A person can
have high
 self-efficacy in one area (such as in academics) and low self-efficacy in other areas (such
as in sports).
 Research suggests that self-efficacy predicts self-esteem. In other words, people with
high self-efficacy also tend to have high self-esteem and vice versa.
Self efficacy and why believing in yourself matters ?
 Self-efficacy is a person's belief in their ability to complete a task or achieve a goal.
 Self-efficacy encompasses a person's confidence in themselves to control their
behavior, exert an influence over their environment and stay motivated in the
pursuit of their goal.
 People can have self-efficacy in different situations and domains, such as
school,work, relationships, and other important areas.
Why Self Efficacy ?
 Self-efficacy is important because it plays a role in how you feel about yourself and
whether or not you successfully achieve your goals in life.
 The concept of self-efficacy is central to Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory, which
emphasizes the role of observational learning, social experience, and reciprocal
determinism in personality development.
 Observational learning describes the process of learning by watching others, retaining
the information, and then later replicating the behaviors that were observed.
 There are a number of learning theories, such as classical conditioning and operant
conditioning, that emphasize how direct experience, reinforcement, or punishment can
lead to learning. However, a great deal of learning happens indirectly.
 For example, think about how a child may watch adults waving at one another and then
imitates these actions later on.A tremendous amount of learning happens through this
process.
 In psychology, this is referred to as observational learning.
 Observational learning is sometimes called shaping, modeling, and vicarious
reinforcement. While it can take place at any point in life, it tends to be the most
common during childhood.
 It also plays an important role in the socialization process. Children learn how to behave
and respond to others by observing how their parent(s) and/or care givers interact with
other people.
 Reciprocal determinism was a theory proposed by psychologist Albert Bandura
suggesting that a person's behavior is influenced by and influences individual factors and
the environment.
 Reciprocal determinism is a central concept of Albert Bandura's social learning theory.
Also known as triadic reciprocality, reciprocal determinism is a model composed of three
factors that influence behavior: the individual (including how they think and feel), their
environment, and the behavior itself.
 According to Albert Bandura, self-efficacy is "the belief in one’s capabilities to organize
and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations."
 Self-efficacy is a person’s belief in their ability to succeed in a particular situation.
 Such beliefs play a role in determining how people think, behave, and feel.
 Since Bandura published his seminal 1977 paper, "Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory
of Behavioral Change," the subject has become one of the most studied topics in
psychology.
Why has self-efficacy become such an important topic among psychologists and
educators?
 As Bandura and other researchers have demonstrated, self-efficacy can impact
everything from psychological states to behavior to motivation.
 Self-efficacy determines what goals we pursue, how we accomplish those goals, and how
we reflect upon our own performance.
The Role of Self-Efficacy
 Virtually all people can identify goals they want to accomplish, things they would like
to change, and things they would like to achieve.
 However, most people also realize that putting these plans into action is not quite so
simple.
 Bandura and others have found that an individual’s self-efficacy plays a major role in
how goals, tasks, and challenges are approached.Having high self-efficacy is a good
thing. People with a strong sense of self-efficacy:
 Develop a deeper interest in the activities in which they participate
 Form a stronger sense of commitment to their interests and activities
 Recover quickly from setbacks and disappointments
 View challenging problems as tasks to be mastered
Poor self-efficacy, on the other hand, can have a number of detrimental effects.
 People with a weak sense of self-efficacy:
 Avoid challenging tasks
 Believe that difficult tasks and situations are beyond their capabilities
 Focus on personal failings and negative outcomes
 Quickly lose confidence in personal abilities

Examples of high self efficacy


So what exactly does high self-efficacy look like? You can probably think of some
examples
from your own life including areas where you feel a great deal of efficacy.
• People may possess a general sense of self-efficacy or in a specific domain where they
believe they can do well such as school, work, friendships, parenting, sports, hobbies, and
other areas.
• Some examples of strong self-efficacy include:
• A person struggling to manage a chronic illness feels confident that they can get back on
track and improve their health by working hard and following their doctor's
recommendations.
• A student who feels confident that they will be able to learn the information and do well
on a test.
• Someone who has just accepted a job position in a role they have never performed before
but feels that they have the ability to learn and perform the job well
• Research has also shown that when teachers have high self-efficacy, it has a positive
impact on academic outcomes, including student motivation and achievement.
• Bandura suggests that self-efficacy can benefit a person's sense of well-being in a number
of ways. For instance, they remain optimistic and confident in their abilities, even when
things become difficult.
Issues With Low Self-Efficacy
• People who are low in self-efficacy tend to see difficult tasks as threats they should avoid.
• Because of this, they also tend to avoid setting goals and have low levels of commitment to
the ones they do make.
• When setbacks happen, they tend to give up quickly. Because they don't have much
confidence in their ability to achieve, they are more likely to experience feelings of failure
and depression.
• Stressful situations can also be very hard to deal with and those with low self-efficacy are
less resilient and less likely to bounce back.
• Learned helplessness is the opposite of self-efficacy. It can occur when people feel they
have no power to control what happens in a situation.
• Instead of looking for opportunities to change the outcome, they give up and behave
passively

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