History of Architecture and Town Planning-Course-Brochure

Expertise Centre Architecture, Urbanism and Health
EXPERTISE
CENTRE
A+U+H ARCHITECTURE
URBANISM
HEALTH
master in history of
architecture and town planning
information booklet
Rijksunversiteit Groningen | University of Groningen
Expertise Centre for Architecture, Urbanism and Health
EXPERTISE
CENTRE
A+U+H ARCHITECTURE
URBANISM
HEALTH
spring 2018
Graphic Design:
Lara Caldas and Maurice Moerland ©
2
CONTENTS

Rijksuniversiteit Groningen 4.
university of groningen
Expertise centre 6.
architecture, urbanism and Health
Institute 8.
history of art, architecture and landscapes
history of architecture and town planning 10.

organisation
core curricullum
electives
internship
PErsonal assignment
Thesis
summer school
Auxiliary Courses
healthcare architecture
affiliations and partners 30.

Consultancy
Research 32.
proposals
PHD
Groningen 34 .
Architectural gem
spring 2018
courses table 38.
General info 41.
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Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
University of Groningen
The University of Groningen is a research university

with a global outlook, deeply rooted in Groningen.
Quality has had top priority for four hundred years,
and with success: the University is currently in or
around the top 100 on several influential ranking
lists.
We collaborate with a number of renowned,

foreign universities, including Uppsala, Göttingen
and Ghent. The University of Groningen is very
popular with its 30.000 students and 5500 staff
members from home and abroad. Talent is
nurtured, enabling the University to bridge the gap
between science and society. We are committed to
actively collaborating with our social partners, with
a special focus on the research themes Healthy
Ageing, Energy and Sustainable Society.
spring 2018
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head of expertise centre
Prof. Dr. C. Wagenaar
Faculty of Arts
+31 50 36 36101
[email protected]

Prof. Dr. L.G. Horlings
Faculty of Spatial Sciences
+31 50 36 33895
[email protected]
Dr. A.M. Martin
Faculty of Arts
+31 50 36 36093
[email protected]
Dr. C.P.J. van der Ploeg
Faculty of Arts
+31 50 36 32379
[email protected]
Prof. Dr. S.A. Reijneveld
Faculty of Medical Sciences
+31 50 36 32845
[email protected]
spring 2018
Prof. Dr. G. de Roo
Faculty of Spatial Sciences
+31 50 36 36747
[email protected]
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Expertise centre
architecture, Urbanism and Health
aspects of hospitals, psychiatric clinics and care

The Expertise Centre Architecture, Urbanism
facilities for the elderly. Today, health promotion
and Health is a joint initiative of the Faculty includes strategies to redesign cities, reducing car
of Arts, the Faculty of Spatial Sciences, dependency, enhancing walkability and cyclability,
and the Faculty of Medical Sciences. It is introducing smart mobility concepts, and provide
hosted by the Institute of History of Art, easy access to greenery and healthy food. New
Architecture and Landscapes, where it is care and cure facilities develop that culminate in
responsible for part of the Master Program. the model of the medical neighborhood, resulting
Convinced that interventions in architecture in completely new health landscapes. The Centre
(public housing, healthcare architecture) covers all scale levels, from cities to the interior of
and town planning (healthy cities) require (healthcare) buildings.
a thorough understanding of the designers
One of the principal dilemma’s the centre addresses
vocabulary, the procedures, the decision-
is the gap between the design disciplines and
making processes and the ensuing qualities
(public health) sciences. Architects and urbanists
of buildings and urban ensembles, the Centre
project new realities, and base their work, ideally,
benefits from the expertise accumulated at
on thorough research. The design disciplines have
the host institute. The courses provided by the developed a rich and precise vocabulary and a
Centre offer students not only the opportunity varied array of methods to create new environments.
to specialize in the health-related aspects of This vocabulary is qualitative by default, even if
architecture and urbanism, but also to follow a it sometimes based on quantitative data. Public
classical history and theory track – in practice, health, on the other hand, is overwhelmingly
both tracks are intimately intertwined. quantitative in nature and inspired by medicine, the
environment it is part of. For the promotion of public
health by architectural and urban interventions, both
MISSION aspects are indispensable. Therefore, the Centre’s
educational program invites students to develop
The Centre wishes to analyze the health impact transdisciplinary approaches. They can design
of buildings and cities and develop strategies to
personalized, individual tracks. At the Institute of
improve public health by architectural and urban
History of Art, Architecture and Landscapes, they
design. Architecture and urbanism have always
can specialize in classical architectural and urban
played a major role in promoting public health.
Interventions motivated by the need to improve history and theory, or concentrate on healthcare
people’s health status range from the introduction of architecture and urbanism; at the Faculty of
sewage systems and clean water supply networks Medicine, they can complement their tracks with
spring 2018
in the mid-nineteenth century to the redefinition of electives on public health, and at the Faculty of
healthcare architecture according to the principles Spatial Sciences with courses on (socio-)spatial
of Evidence Based Design, which links patient planning, the principal aim being to work at the
experiences to specific, mostly programmatic crossroads of these fields.
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Institute
history of art, architecture and landscape

The Art History Department in Groningen is unique because it combines
the study of the visual arts, urbanism, architecture and landscapes. Our
bachelor and master programs offer a combination of historical, theoretical,
and practice based courses. Excursions to Florence, Berlin, Budapest
and London, and in the near future to Moscow and Saint Petersburg
complement the programs. Internships provide the students with firsthand
knowledge about their future work environment.
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Architecture and Urbanism Activities
Starting point of the work of the centre is the The Centre offers master courses in the history
conviction – well tested in practice – that and theory of architecture and urbanism that
interventions in architecture and urbanism provides personal tracks with the possibility to
require in-depth knowledge in the designer’s specialize either in classical architectural and
toolkit, the vocabulary used in architecture urban history (with its inherent emphasis on
and urbanism, the decision-making processes health issues), or in healthy cities and healthcare
involved, as well as the expertise to analyze architecture.
buildings and cities in these terms. This
is particularly true since many of these It produces reports (consultancy), that analyze
interventions are motivated by objectives that the impact of the built environment on health
are not, or not any longer, part of the designer’s related issues (assessing, for instance, the way
core business: urban mobility, sustainability, the layout of post-war housing estates effects
resilience in times of climate change, (social) health behaviors). Improvement proposals are
equity, and health. Students and scholars part of these reports.
from the disciplines that cover these fields:
public administration, urban economy, urban In-depth research (including post-occupancy
sociology, and public health, to list some of evaluations in healthcare buildings) is also one
them, will be thoroughly immersed in the of the Centre’s main activities.
history and theory of architecture and urbanism
as a sine qua non for the proper assessment of
the effects and effectiveness of improvement
schemes for buildings and cities.
spring 2018
Hotel Mont Mogan-dessin sketch
8
Thomassen à Thuessink

Evert Jan Thomassen à Thuessink
was the founder of the UMCG. Born
on 6 August 1762 in Zwolle, He was
ready for university by the time he was
twelve. In 1782 he graduated from the
University of Harderwijk. His chosen
theme was philosophy, but he had no
wish to limit himself to it. In 1783 he
Thomassen à Thuessink left for Leiden and graduated again,
this time in medicine. After a journey
that took him to Paris, London and
Edinburgh he set up in practice as a
doctor in his place of birth. He made
a name for himself by introducing
Two Chairs, One Centre the findings of British scientists into
the Netherlands. His main interest
At the Institute, the work of the Expertise was in closely observing the course
Centre Architecture, Urbanism and Health is taken by illnesses, or example,
he sought to trace the possible
carried out by two chairs: History and Theory
causes of epidemics. In 1794 he was
of Architecture and Urbanism, and the
appointed professor at the University
Thomassen à Thuessink chair on the health of Groningen. He was disturbed by the
impacts of cities and buildings, a dedicated fact that the medical faculty lacked
chair initiated by the University Medical the facilities needed to observe
Centre of Groningen (UMCG). In the coming patients. Accordingly, he called for the
years, the chairs form a personal union, but foundation of an academic clinic. In
in the near future this may change. 1797 this bore fruit in the Nosocomium
Academicum, which in 1803 moved
into more permanent premises on
Munnekeholm. In 1851 it merged
with the municipal hospital, founded
in 1817, as the ‘General Provincial,
Municipal and Academic Hospital’
(APSAZ), a name that would remain in
use until 1971. Shortly after his arrival
spring 2018
at Groningen University Thomassen

à Thuessink was appointed Rector
Magnificus, a post he resigned in 1798.
In 1819, he was exempted by royal
decree of certain duties attached to
his position. In 1831 he was honorably
discharged as emeritus professor. He
died on 3 June 1832.
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history of architecture
and town planning
The master course History of Architecture and Town Planning at the Institute
of History of Art, Architecture and Landscapes is unique in its scope, offering
its students the opportunity to compose personalized tracks that can either
focus on classical history and theory, on the health impacts of architecture
and urbanism (provided by the Thomassen à Thuessink chair), or a mixture
between these approaches. One of the programs characteristics is the
emphasis on architectural and urban objects and the need to describe them in
the designer’s vocabulary, another the conception of history as being defined
by its methodology rather than by its topics: history is not about the past, it’s a
way of explaining changes in the man-made environment by referring to the
ideas, beliefs, interests, philosophical notions, and ideological concepts of the
responsible actors.
The master course opens job opportunities in the fields of healthy cities,
hospital planning (management), urban planning, or academia; architectural
and urban design offices, hospital boards, municipal planning departments
and universities are among their likely employers.
Main characteristics
- Personalized tracks
- The opportunity to specialize in classical architectural and urban history
- The possibility to specialize in the health impacts of architecture and urbanism
- A wide range of electives (including courses at the Faculties of Medicine and
Spatial Sciences)
- The opportunity to work in multidisciplinary teams
- A choice of internships in the Netherlands and abroad
Admission requirements
spring 2018
The master courses are open for students in architectural and urban history,
history, graduates in urban studies, students of architecture and/or urbanism
who want to specialize in urban policies and/or healthy cities and healthcare
architecture, architects, graduates in public health and graduates in similar
fields. The courses are also open for practitioners in architectural and urban
design, public health, and hospital management.
10
COre curriculum 25 ECTS
Origins of Excursion An encyclo-

the healthy pedia of
city typologies
10 5 10

Electives min 5 ECTS
Expressionism and the city 5
A history of hospital architecture 5
the city reflected in the visual arts and theory 5
recent trends in hospital architecture 5
Heritage and Architecture 5
an architectural history of psychatric clinics 5
cities and civic culture & the future of cities 5
housing and care for the elderly 5
Personal assignment 5
internship 10 ECTS
5 5
Thesis
spring 2018
15 ECTS
5 5 5
*ECTS: European Credit Transfer System
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1 Origins of the healthy city
CORE CURRICULUM This section catalogues a wide range of urban and 1.1 Cholera map of Hamburg, 1832
architectural interventions that were motivated by 1.2 J.A. Mulock Hower, Water tower
10 ECTS the ambition to improve public health. Focusing on West, Groningen, 1912
1.3 Construction of the sewer system

people’s living environment, the construction of in Paris
sewage systems and networks that provide clean 1.4 Carl Francke, Water tower,
Groningen, 1908
drinking water focused on prevention. Since the late
1.5 Sir Joseph Bazalgette, sewer system,
nineteenth century, rapid progress in the medical 1859–1875
world opened the perspective of a constantly

increasing arsenal of therapies for curing people
once they fell ill – since that time, investment in
public health shifted from prevention of diseases
to curing them.
Although most developed countries spend 90%

of their public health budget on facilities intended
to help cure people, there is growing awareness
of the fact that investment in prevention is much
more effective, and interventions in people’s living
and working environment (the realm of architecture
and urbanism) particularly helpful to enhance
public health; this is the origin of contemporary
‘healthy cities’ concepts.
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Expertise Centre for Architecture, Urbanism and Health spring 2018
13
1.2
1.4
1.1
1.3
1.5
2 excursion
CORE CURRICULUM This course highlights the interaction between 2.1 Sir Christopher Wren, Masterplan
for London, 1744
historical, political-ideological and spatial issues
2.2 John McAslan and Partners,
5 ECTS by an in-depth analysis of one particular city – in transformation of King’s Cross
Station, London, 2012
spring 2018 the destination is London. Students 2.3
Dr. A.M. Martin View over the City of London
will learn how the production and reconstruction 2.4 Chamberlain, Powell and Bon,
of the built environment is couched in professional Barbican Centre, London, 1976
debates that relate to a myriad of often 2.5 Sir Denys Lasdun, Royal National
Theatre, London, 1976
ideologically charged issues. Key projects from 2.6 Houses of Parliament, London
various periods will be visited and studied. The trip 2.7 Tate Modern, Turbine Hall, London
is prepared during seminars that invite students
to study a) texts, books and cartographic material
in the domain of architecture and town planning,
and b) consult alternative forms of representation,
including fiction, documentaries and movies.
Future destinations include Moscow, Berlin,

Budapest, Vienna…
spring 2018
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15
2.2
2.7
2.5
2.6
2.1
2.3
2.4
an encyclopedia of
3 typologies
3.1 The Town Hall on the Dam Square,

CORE CURRICULUM What are we referring to when we talk about Amsterdam, Gerrit Adriansz.
Berckheyde, 1672
typologies? In this series, we define types by their
10 ECTS function: churches, museums, offices, railway 3.2 J.N.L. Durand, typologies in
architecture: vestibules, from: Precis
des leçons d’Architecture données à
stations, hospitals, prisons. Each function answers l’École polytechnique, 1805
to specific functional programs that revolve 3.3 A.C. Quatremère de Quincy
Prof. Dr. C. Wagenaar (1755-1849), engraving by François
around zoning and internal traffic structure, and Bonneville
are also thoroughly impacted by changes in 3.4 J.N.L. Durand, typologies in

architecture: museum, from: Precis
communication technologies. This results in des leçons d’Architecture données à
l’École polytechnique, 1805
specific floorplans and elevations that can be seen
3.5 Palazzo Vecchio, Florence
as combinations of logistics and functional spaces.
3.6 Rob Krier, Typological &
Obviously, buildings are not only defined by their morphological elements of the
concept of urban space, 1979
function. Their visual, aesthetic and representative
qualities, and the way these respond to, or define 3.7 K.F. Schinkel, Altes Museum, Berlin,
1830
their urban setting, is equally important – whether

or not one wishes to condense these in a canon of
architectural styles is open to discussion, but there
is no doubt that references to style can be helpful.
spring 2018
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17
3.6
3.2
3.5
3.1
3.3
3.4
3.7
4 expressionism and the city
ELECTIVE In the 1920s and 1930s many architects adopted an expressive vocabulary
with an emphasis on sculptural shapes and the texture of the materials.
5 ECTS In many instances a colourful decoration was applied as well. This trend
developed in Germany after the First World War, although its roots reach back
to the last pre-war years, when expressionism was still mainly a matter of the
visual arts. In the aftermath of the war, however, German artist and architects
sought an intense cooperation in order to realize a new society.The first signs
of architectural expressionism in the Netherlands can be traced back to the
early 1910s but it became only fashionable after 1918. Though scholarship has
always stressed its popularity in social housing, expressionism was equally if
not more successful among private patrons, witness the residential quarters
all over the country, and a series of impressive Protestant churches. In this
course we will discuss the meaning of architectural expressionism in the wider
context of socio-political developments, including a critical assessment of
earlier research on the topic.
a history of hospital
architecture 5 Thomassen à Thuessink
ELECTIVE The term ‘hospital’ designates a building for diseased people. The reasons
to concentrate diseased people in one place have varied greatly. Although
5 ECTS attempts at curing patients in hospitals are deeply rooted in history, it became
the primary objective only in the eighteenth century. Reflecting the ideals
of the Enlightenment, hospitals were supposed to offer their inhabitants
a healing environment: clear air, and – if at all possible – direct access to
natural surroundings. Only in the mid-nineteenth century did they become
strongholds of the medical discipline, a response to impressive innovations in
the field of surgery. Around 1900, the Röntgen machine ushered in the next
revolution in hospital architecture: they became the power packs of medical
spring 2018
technology.
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4.1 4.2
4.1 S.J. Bouma, Gemeentewerken, Groningen, 1925
4.2 E. Reitsma design for a double villa, 1938
4.3 J.A. Boer, Housing, Groningen, 1932

5.1 Filippo Brunelleschi, Ospedale degli innocenti,
Florence, 1419-1439
5.2 A. Petit, design for the Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, 1774
5.3 M.P. Gauthier, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris,

1839-1854
5.4 Filarete, Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, 1456
4.3
5.1 5.2 spring 2018
5.3 5.4
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6 the city reflected
in the Cinema, Art, Photography, Literature & Philosophy.
ELECTIVE Cities generate urban culture, which can be defined as a result of as well as
represented by the maximum number of encounters with the highest degree
5 ECTS of diversity, creating an environment that stimulates creativity and progress.
This series presents a collection of art work (Georg Grosz, Ernst Ludwig
Dr. A.M. Martin
Kirchner, graffiti), photography (André Kertész, Eva Besnyö, the Magnum

photographers), literature (Manhattan Transfer, Berlin Alexanderplatz, etc.),
and philosophy (existentialism/situationism etc.). Probably the most eloquent
presentation of the city and the urban lifestyles it fosters can be found in
movies. Some classical examples are shown: (Symphonie einer Großstadt,
Metropolis).
recent trends in hospital

architecure 7 Thomassen à Thuessink
ELECTIVE In the last two decades, hospitals are witnessing fundamental changes that
are bound to result in a completely new healthcare landscape. Several reasons
5 ECTS make the transition seemingly inevitable: The trend of transferring responsibility
to the ‘end user’, technology (especially the Internet), the growing awareness
of the relative inefficiency of medical interventions in terms of public health.
Probably the most fundamental driver of the paradigm change has been the
collapse of the Cartesian dichotomy that claimed that mind and body belong
to different worlds, a view that resulted in an almost complete denial of the
impact of the patient’s personal experiences; the emergence of Evidence
Based Design (EBD) demonstrates that things have changed dramatically.
spring 2018
Exploring how spatial design can influence medical outcomes, EBD has had a
thorough impact on recent hospital design.
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6.1 6.2 6.3
6.1 Cover Manhattan Transfer, an American novel

by John Dos Passos, 1925
6.2 Berlin Die Sinfony der Grosstadt, a film by

Walter Ruttmann, 1927
6.3 Umberto Bocciono, Simultaneous Visions, 1911

6.4 Frank Jackson, ‘The cup’ at Brandenburger
Tor, Berlin. ©2016 Frank Jackson/fotographz
7.1 EFFEKT, Cancer Counseling Center, Livsrum,

Denmark, 2013
7.2 Christian de Portzamparc, Hôpital de la Croix-

Rousse, Lyon, France, 2010
7.3 Ateliers Jean Nouvel and Valero Gadan

Architectes, Institut Imagine, Paris, France,
2014
7.4 Nord, Health Center for Cancer Patients,

Copenhagen, Denmark, 2011
6.4
7.1 7.2
spring 2018
7.3 7.4
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8 HEritage and Architecture
ELECTIVE From the very outset the history of architecture as an academic discipline has
been strongly connected to the issue of how to preserve ancient monuments.
5 ECTS Originally a pastime for educated members of the leisure class, during
the past decades the idea of cultural heritage has acquired a much more
political meaning, as it has gradually become instrumental for the redefinition

of cultural and national identities. In this course we will trace the concept
of architectural heritage from its very beginnings in Romanticism through
successive stages of a more scholarly approach to the current challenge of
adapting old buildings to new uses. The central problem here is how to find
a balance between today’s practical demands and the specific architectural
and historical values worthy to be protected in a historical building. At this
point careful and inventive design meets respect for the historical process of
which a monument is the result.
An Architectural History
of Psychiatric Clinics 9 Thomassen à Thuessink
ELECTIVE Few buildings reflect changes in the way patients are perceived more directly
than psychiatric clinics. This series offers students a historical overview of
5 ECTS the buildings that were used to concentrate the mentally ill from medieval
times to the present, explaining their evolution by referring to the way society
perceived the mentally ill, the emergence of the conviction that mentally
ill can be cured, the development of a range of therapies, and architectural
trends.
spring 2018
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8.1 8.2

8.1 Mediacentrale Groningen (former power
plant)
8.2 Czar Peter House, Zaandam
8.3 Broerenkerk Bookstore, Zwolle, 2013
9.1 L.A. van den Bosch & J.P.L. Hendriks, Sint

Franciscushof psychiatric hospital, Raalte,
1952-1970
9.2 E.G. Wentink, design for Veldwijk, Ermelo,

1884
9.3 R. Scherenberg, ‘Design for the Creation of

an Asylum for the Safe Keeping, Nursing
and Healing of the Insane’, 1825-1826
8.3
9.1
spring 2018
9.2 9.3
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Cities and Civic Culture &
10 the future of cities
ELECTIVE Cities can either be places that mark inequality and promote social, religious
and ethnic isolation, or they can be the exact opposite: places that foster a
5 ECTS sense of community. In urban history and theory, a lot of attention has been
given to the city as a generator of social cohesion and social equilibrium.
Dr. A.M. Martin
We encounter the work of Werner Hegemann and analyze a line of thinking

that presents the city as the built form of the urban community, and history
as the agent that shapes this community over time. We see Camillo Sitte
as a precursor of Hegemann, and the two mayors of Bogotá, Mockus and
Penelosa, as heir to this tradition. Civic culture is about people’s attachment
to their city and their everyday environment: it’s about people: biking, public
transportation, Kindergarten, manners, sports – politics trying to get the most
out the people, instead of orchestrating them and transforming them into the
{civic} soldiers of a state machine…
Housing and Care

for the Elderly 11
ELECTIVE Although elderly people are in a very different situation compared to patients
of hospitals and psychiatric clinics, housing and cure and care institutions
5 ECTS that are specifically designed for them are usually considered to be part of a
country’s public health system. Only since the period of industrialization and
urbanization did the elderly lose their aura of being wise and experienced:
the rapid introduction of new production processes threatened to make
their expertise obsolete. Whereas the well-do-to knew how to take care
of themselves, the majority faced social decline and poverty. Most of the
institutional facilities to targeting the problems this entailed developed in the
twentieth century (though there are famous predecessors that sometimes
spring 2018
have their origin in de Middle Ages. In the 1950s and 1960s, some countries –
notably the Netherlands – built extensive networks of care and cure institutions
for the elderly; heavily criticized in the 1970s, these systems were gradually
replaced with less institutional networks since the late 1980s.
24
10.1

10.2
10.3 10.4
10.1 Protests in Brasilia, Brazil

11.1 MVRDV, WoZoCo Johannes de Deo, Amsterdam, 1997
10.2 Brooklyn, New York City, USA
11.2 A. Komter, Old people’s home De Klokkenbelt, Almelo, 1952
10.3 Bogota, Colombia
10.4 Amsterdam, The Netherlands 11.3 S.J. van Embden, Old people’s home, Gorinchem, 1954-1961
11.1
spring 2018
11.2 11.3
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12 internship
10 ECTS Students are offered the opportunity to text and expand their skills during
an internship at a selected company – this can be an architectural firm, a
Prof. Dr. C. Wagenaar management firm, a municipality. The internship culminates in a written report
Dr. C.P.J. van der Ploeg that can benefit from the choice of electives in the personal tracks.
Dr. A.M. Martin
Note: 5 of the 10 points can be covered by following one of the eight electives
personal assignment 13
5 ECTS This component has been added to the course as a ‘wild card’ that allows
students to complete their personalized track. It is a miniature thesis on a
Prof. Dr. C. Wagenaar topic the students can select according to their wishes.
Dr. A.M. Martin
14 thesis
15 ECTS The Thesis is an integral part of the course and its most ambitious component in
terms of workload and ETCS. Students can work on a topic of their choice, and
Prof. Dr. C. Wagenaar subdivide the actual work in subcomponents that can coincide with elective
Dr. C.P.J. van der Ploeg courses (which are integrated in the supervision scheme of the Thesis). In
Dr. A.M. Martin
principle, the Thesis is an exercise in independent scientific writing, the use
of sources, clear reasoning, accountability, explanation of the position of the
Thesis in existing bodies of knowledge, the social, scientific and professional
spring 2018
relevance. Theses may be written in Dutch, English, French, and German, and
in some cases also in Italian and Spanish.
Note. 10 of the 15 points can be covered by following three of the eight electives
26
extracurricular
summer school

Interventions in the urban and public domain of cities have (had) substantial
effects on public health, past and present. This Summer School is takes place
in June 2018 and is organized in parallel with a series of Summer Schools
in Medellin, Colombia. It specifically targets urban mobility, equitable access
to healthy food, greenery and sports facilities, and sustainable housing as
intricate dimensions of public health that are promoted through interventions
in the urban environment. It will investigate these dimensions by offering
introductory lectures that cover historical, theoretical, empirical and normative
aspects of health promotion, followed by onsite fieldwork in and around the
city of Groningen. The lectures are chronological and thematic and cover:
the (un)healthy city (exemplified by the southern wing of the inner city), the
dismantled city (explained by the Schilderswijk), the welfare city (exemplified
by the Wijert), the post-industrial city (shown by the gentrification processes
in the Oosterparkwijk).
The fieldwork comprises four hands-on research strategies for investigating

and assessing health promotion: mapping (drawing and data-scaping),
governance (the role of public and private organizations), design (plans and
policies), and cultural representation. On the final day, all findings will be
assessed comparatively in an interdisciplinary workshop.
spring 2018
Summer School Traumatized Cities, Medellin - Colombia (2017)
27
Auxiliary courses
Students who wish to refresh their knowledge of the history and theory of
architecture and urbanism may do so by attending bachelor courses. In
specific cases, special assignments can be formulated, resulting in an upgrade
of these courses that may earn students credits in their master track.
II
2A style & modernity 5
II
2A Excursion to Berlin 5
II
2B architecture, nature & enlightment 5
III
2B thesis 10
II
2B blurring boundaries: architecture & urbanism 1904-now 5
II
2B medieval landscapes 5
I
1A beyond antiquity: architecture 400-1400 5
II
1A architecture, city and freedom (aufbruch!) 5
I
1B towards modernity: architecture & Landscape 1400-1800 5
III
architecture as a public responsibility
spring 2018
1B 5
III
2B excursion to Budapest (TU DELFT) 5
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healthcare architecture

The Expertise Centre Architecture, Urbanism and Health organizes master
classes in healthcare architecture. These combine lectures, seminars, and a
study tour with on-site visits. The kick-off master class will take place in May
2018 and specifically targets healthcare architects from China. The topic
managing change in hospital architecture, is as urgent in China as it is over
here: the existing hospital system is bound to become obsolete, even new
hospitals are sometimes based on obsolete and outmoded programs and
concepts, and at the same time it is quite sure that we will have to work with
at least part of the existing stock. Both new construction and reconstruction of
the existing buildings should be based on forward looking views and concepts
that, moreover, should be flexible enough to accommodate future changes.
spring 2018
Pinearq, Hospital-Asilo of Granollers, Granollers, Barcelona, Spain, 2009
29
affiliations & partners
affiliations and partners consultancy
The Centre is integrated in national and international The Centre develops practice oriented surveys
networks. Our partners help us povide a diverse intended to inspire concrete architectural and
educational environment by supporting different urban interventions. These range from post-
expertises, and provide students with internship occupancy evaluations in healthcare buildings to
opportunities and valuable lectures outside the assessment of cultural heritage values, and
University of Groningen from walkability and cyclability studies to classical
architectural and urban histories. Assignments
are carried out by experts of the Centre and its
(international) networks.
European Network Platform Health@BK

Architecture for Health at Delft University of
(ENAH) Technology
ENAH is a Berlin based team of specialists The platform Health@BK of Delft University
committed to enhance the sustainability of of Technology offers a multidisciplinary
healthcare systems by integrating knowledge studio on healthcare architecture. This
from urban planning, architecture, medical studio investigates the emergence of a
technologies, public health and health new type of community health center. It
economics. We evaluate and develop
is meant as a pilot for multidisciplinairy/
solutions for healthcare policy makers,
transdisciplinairy research and design.
promoters, managers, providers, consumers
New innovative elements will be tested:
and city dwellers that aim for better health
and economic outcomes. For ENAH no lectures given by students on their own
project is too large or to small, we have proven subjects of interest with peer reviewing by
experience in transdisciplinary research students themselves, interactive lectures
and practice with projects addressing from with use of apps, online interviewing and
sustainability issues at the urban city-scale MOOC’s. The studio entails tutorials and
to the healing capacities of inner spaces. Our research seminars (topics: health and
strategy is to inform the process of developing wellbeing, issues relating to environmental
salutogenic built environments with evidence psychology, sociology, and architecture/
of our best practice in health promotion, urbanism), and modelling (selecting
disease prevention, disease management and refining design by interviews and
spring 2018
and clinical care at all levels of intensity. We

observations). The studio is the result
wish to recreate the lost continuum between
of close cooperation between the
the two well-tested strategies to improve
general health conditions: prevention and
departments of architecture, urbanism,
health promotion on the one hand, and on technology, and industrial design.
the other medical intervention in hospitals
and psychiatric clinics in case of health crises. www.tudelft.nl/en/architecture-and-the-
built-environment/research/research-
www.enah.eu programmes/cross-overs/health
30
Design and Research Team Healthcare Architecture,
South China University of Technology (SCUT)
The team, chaired by Prof. Chunyang Zhang, is an affiliation of the School of Architecture (one among the
top eight in China) and of the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science at SCUT. The team
specialises in hospital architecture and has realised numerous projects. It hosts experts with different
specialities, among them academic researchers, architects and engineers. The primary aim of the team
is to enhance planning and design of hospitals by combining scientific research, education an empirical
practice. In recent years, the team has focussed on climate-adaptation, sustainability, flexibility and

energy saving, both as research projects and as topics in the educational programme. Until June 2017,
around twenty students majoring in healthcare architecture have participated. Currently there are six PhD
projects.
www2.scut.edu.cn/architecture_en/2015/0720/c6450a95600/page.htm
pLATFORM GRAS Stichting oude groninger

kerken
Platform GRAS involves the inhabitants of Since 1969 the Stichting Oude Groninger
Groningen in the continuous processes of Kerken (Foundation for the Preservation
the architectural and urban reconstruction of Old Churches in Groningen) is active in
of their city. It wants to enhance the design the preservation of many predominantly
qualities of buildings and public spaces, medieval churches in the Groningen area.
promote awareness of the impact of the In recent years, due to an ongoing process
city on the quality of life, and keep alive the of secularisation, also churches from the
tradition of internationally ground breaking nineteenth and twentieth centuries have
projects – ranging from iconic buildings to been added to the vast portfolio. As a result,
the introduction of healthy city strategies. the Foundation, apart from being an expert
GRAS organizes seminars and conferences, organisation in the more traditional field of
public debates and exhibitions, and preserving and restoring, has also become
mediates between (cultural) entrepreneurs very active on the forefront of adapting
and the makers of the city – designers and these church buildings to new functions,
politicians, cultural heritage agencies and equally considering their status as
public housing corporations, developers and architectural heritage as well as the social
numerous other stakeholders. effects of the proposed interventions. It is
in particular on this intersection of heritage
spring 2018
and architectural design that historical

research as practiced in the Expertise
Centre AUH does add valuable insights to
such regeneration projects.
www.platformgras.nl www.groningerkerken.nl
31
research
Public Health in Post-War
Hospital Architecture Housing Estates in Europe
Cor Wagenaar, Noor Mens, Guru Manja, Colette Expertise Centre Architecture, Urbanism and Health,
Niemeijer, Tom Guthknecht Health@BK and ENAH
Hospital architecture is on threshold of a new The purpose of this research proposal is to

era. This research investigates the impact develop intervention strategies that improve
of a shift towards the end user, the need to built environmental qualities in Europe’s post-
prevent a meltdown of public health systems, war housing estates as an effective way to
the digital revolution, innovations in hospital tackle factors for non-communicable diseases
management and technology. The result will (ncds) and reduce their negative impacts. The
be published in a Design Manual by Birkhäuser project addresses neighborhood environment
in January 2018. stressors and contributors for ncds which are
directly and indirectly accountable for 86% of
the deaths and 77% of the disease burden of
the EU region. For this purpose, this project
conceptualizes the built environment as a
key health resource that gathers all social
conditions and characteristics of an urban
population which facilitates identifying
critical problems and possible solutions at all
dimensions and levels. The research involves
scientific experience accumulated at major
academies in Europe covering five distinctive
research areas (urban health; urban climate;
urban and architectural design; urban history
and; sociology & economy) that will structure
study cases in five European countries aiming
to improve environments for health through
modelling and simulation. Through novel
neighborhood environment factors modelling
and health behavior simulation techniques, this
project will formulate and translate evidence-
based recommendations from transdisciplinary
research into recommendations for a “health in
Hospitals, A Design Manual all policies” approach.
spring 2018
32
PhD projects
Public native dwelling estates in Sub Sahara Africa, a
forgotten aspect of 20th century urban architecture
Pauline Bezemer

Public housing for low/middle income native citizens became a serious planning and design issue in
large Sub-Sahara African cities from the 1920s. The material results mirror a unique hybrid of international
dispersed concepts and locally-bound house building and dwelling practices due to the degree into
which foreign – colonial – models did or did less or not face local resistance. Human and non-human
actors both determined the meant hybridization by meeting in a confrontation of power and – hidden –
agendas. This fits within the supposed transfer-processes as part of a more global architecture history.
These hybrid outcomes are still traceable, although the neighborhoods’ original patterns have blurred
– as to sometimes become unreadable – due to informal self-built practices, densification, and state
withdrawal since the 1980s. Most estates are now easy prays for demolition and private renewal practices.
In-depth research, i.e. a serious “re-mapping” of origins, context, motives and transmuted models and
concepts, is urgent from an academic, cultural heritage and urban sustainability perspective. The
proposal therefore aims at a never undertaken comparable analysis of this unique material reservoir;
as a contribution to architecture history and its methodological tools, and as a sound basis for future
sustainable interventions. Health issues play a dominant role in this PhD-thesis
Community Health Centres

Luc Willekens (PdD Defense at Delft University of Technology)
Since the community health centres first appeared, the public health landscape has changed dramatically.
In most Western-European countries and in the United States, medical functions are being re-distributed:
the days of the traditional general hospital appear to be numbered, what replaces them is a network
of community health care centres that only provide low-risk medical care in a setting that resembles
satellite outpatient clinics (though they sometimes have a few hospital beds). High-risk interventions
and interventions that require multidisciplinary teamwork and sophisticated medical equipment are
transferred to either large scale (teaching) hospitals, or so-called ‘focused factories’ that specialize in
only one type of therapy. Community health centres face new challenges: they have to combine relatively
simple medical interventions for people who suffer diseases with several other functions: they have to
provide assistance for people who will be in need of medical support in the near future (for instance
pregnant women), they have to develop into information centres on health issues, and they should
become the nodes in networks that support health promotion and disease prevention. This PhD-project
explores the new roles of community health centres and the way architectural design can contribute to
spring 2018
make them fit for their new role.
Other PhD subjects: Improving the performance of hospitals – an architectural analysis of patient
journeys in China - Peng Deijan (PdD Defense at Delft University of Technology); Architectural
Policies in the Netherlands - Kirsten Schipper; How to make Chinese Cities Healthy - Yufang Zhang
33
34
spring 2018
the city of groningen

As a lively university city, Groningen has the
youngest average population in the Netherlands.
It has a long and turbulent history, which becomes
evident from the historic warehouses, courts and
buildings. Groningen is also a city with nerve,
with the most numerous examples of innovative
architecture within its boundaries. In addition, it was
once proclaimed the city with the best city centre
in the Netherlands because of its charm.
bout-groningen/city-of-groningen
spring 2018
35
1 Groningen Museum, 1994 Groningen: an architectural gem

2 OMA, Public toilets, 1996
Groningen has been the most popular university
3 Bouma, Simon van Hasseltschool, 1926 town in the Netherlands for decades. Apart from
4 Zaha Hadid, Music Video Pavilion,
the standing and reputation of the university, the
1991
5 Giorgio Grassi, Public Library, 1992

thriving city (where the bars never close) acts as a
magnet that attracts growing number of students
from all over the world. De Groene Amsterdammer
listed the city’s ‘idyllic historical inner city, one of the
largest universities of the country, a high-quality
college, a decent job market and an abundant offer
of boutiques, espresso bars, galleries, museums
and theaters’ among Groningen’s unique selling
points. Lovers of architecture will find it difficult to 3
find a more appealing in the Netherlands. Part of

the Hanseatic League, it boasts a large medieval
core. In the seventeenth century (the Netherlands’
‘Golden Age’) the city doubled in size thanks to a
huge expansion plan. In the 1920s, close contacts
with expressionist artists and architects in Berlin
resulted in a remarkable number of expressionist
buildings, among them the main building of the town
planning department and many schools. Groningen
is best known, however, for its groundbreaking
experiments in modern architecture. In the 1990s,
the city revived the forgotten tradition of urban
manifestation when it organized What a Wonder
World, for which Peter Eisenman, Zaha Hadid, Coop
Himmelb(l)au, Rem Koolhaas en Bernard Tschumi
designed temporary pavilions. Daniel Libeskind
created The Books of Groningen, which envisaged
spring 2018
new markers of the city borders, a modern version

of the historical fortifications. Kurt W. Forster, Akira
Asada, Thom Puckey, Gunnar Daan, Heiner Müller,
William Forsythe, John Hejduk, Leonard Lapi with
Enn Laansoo, and Daniel Libeskind created signs in
the urban periphery. Alessandro Mendini made the
masterplan for the Groningen Museum; Philippe 4
36
Starck, Michele de Lucchi, and Coop Himmelb(l)au
were part of the team that designed the building
that opened in 1994. Organized in 1996, A Star is
Born marked the revitalization of public space in
the inner city. Fumihiko Maki, Rem Koolhaas with
Erwin Olaf, Manuel de Solà-Morales and Alsop &
Störmer Architects were among the participants.
Adolfo Natalini’s reconstruction project for the
city’s main square, completed in the same year,
introduced the concept of ‘Stadtreparatur’, urban
repair, in a square where post-war rebuilding had
caused more damage than the bombs that caused
havoc in 1945. Now, the same square is again

being redesigned, one of the most remarkable
projects being the so-called Forum building which,
designed by NL-architects, will boost urban life in
the inner city. In 2001, Blue Moon explored the links
between the inner city and the newly developed
areas outside; working with a masterplan designed
by Toyo Ito, Xaveer de Geyter, Space Group, Foreign
Office Architects and Tony Fretton endowed the
city with their views on urbanism at the turn of
the millennium. A variety of unspoiled landscapes
surrounding the city add to its appeal: a parklike
landscape to the south and west, and the open
landscape dotted with medieval Romanesque
churches and palatial farms to the north and east.
spring 2018
37
courses table
Core courses
# Semester Courses ECTS Professor

1 2A Feb-Apr Origins of the Healthy City 10 Prof. Dr. C. Wagenaar
Dr. C.P.J. van der Ploeg;
2 2A Feb-Apr An Encyclopedia of Typologies 10
3 2B Apr-Jun Excursion 5 Dr. A.M. Martin
Note: To be completed with two electives from the list below: 6, 7 or one elective
and a personal assignment.
Dr. A.M. Martin;
1A Sep-Nov
4 Internship 10 Dr. C.P.J. van der Ploeg;
1B Nov-Feb
Dr. A.M. Martin;
5 1B Nov-Feb Thesis 15 Dr. C.P.J. van der Ploeg;
Note: To be completed with two electives from the list below: 7, 8 or one elective
and a personal assignment.
Electives (composite)
- Expressionism and the City
6 2A Feb-Apr 5 each Dr. C.P.J. van der Ploeg
- Heritage and Architecture
- A History of Hospital Architecture
- Recent Trends in Hospital
2A Feb-Apr Architecture
7 5 each Prof. Dr. C. Wagenaar
1B Sep-Nov - An Architectural History of
Psychiatric Clinics
- Housing and Care for the Elderly
- The City Reflected
1B Nov-Feb
8 - Cities and Civic Culture & the 5 each Dr. A.M. Martin
2A Feb-Apr
Future of Cities
Note: In Semester 2A students can join Dr. A.M. Martin’s course at the University
College.
spring 2018
Dr. A.M. Martin;

9 Not fixed Personal Assignment 5 Dr. C.P.J. van der Ploeg;
38
39
ARCHITECTURE
EXPERTISE
URBANISM
HEALTH
CENTRE
A+U+H
40
CONTACT INFO
Expertise centre AUH

www.a-u-h.eu
GENERAL INFORMATION
www.rug.nl
COURSE INFORMATION
www.rug.nl/masters/history-of-
architecture-and-town-planning
admissions office
Email: [email protected]
Telephone: +31-(0)50 363 8976
Facebook
www.facebook.com/Master-
History-of-Architecture-and-Town-
Planning-1391010627834864/
EXPERTISE
CENTRE
A+U+H
spring 2018
ARCHITECTURE
URBANISM
HEALTH
41
EXPERTISE
CENTRE
A+U+H ARCHITECTURE
URBANISM
HEALTH

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Expertise Centre Architecture, Urbanism and Health

Expertise Centre for Architecture, Urbanism and Health

history of architecture and town planning 10.

affiliations and partners 30.

courses table 38.

General info 41.

The University of Groningen is a research university

We collaborate with a number of renowned,

Expertise Centre for Architecture, Urbanism and Health

Faculty of Spatial Sciences

Dr. A.M. Martin

Dr. C.P.J. van der Ploeg

Prof. Dr. S.A. Reijneveld

Faculty of Medical Sciences

Prof. Dr. G. de Roo

Faculty of Spatial Sciences

aspects of hospitals, psychiatric clinics and care

Expertise Centre for Architecture, Urbanism and Health

Hotel Mont Mogan-dessin sketch

Expertise Centre for Architecture, Urbanism and Health

at Groningen University Thomassen

Origins of Excursion An encyclo-

Expertise Centre for Architecture, Urbanism and Health

Expressionism and the city 5

A history of hospital architecture 5

the city reflected in the visual arts and theory 5

recent trends in hospital architecture 5

Heritage and Architecture 5

an architectural history of psychatric clinics 5

cities and civic culture & the future of cities 5

housing and care for the elderly 5

*ECTS: European Credit Transfer System

1.3 Construction of the sewer system

world opened the perspective of a constantly

Although most developed countries spend 90%

Future destinations include Moscow, Berlin,

3.1 The Town Hall on the Dam Square,

are also thoroughly impacted by changes in 3.4 J.N.L. Durand, typologies in

their urban setting, is equally important – whether

4.1 S.J. Bouma, Gemeentewerken, Groningen, 1925

4.2 E. Reitsma design for a double villa, 1938

4.3 J.A. Boer, Housing, Groningen, 1932

5.2 A. Petit, design for the Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, 1774

5.3 M.P. Gauthier, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris,

5.4 Filarete, Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, 1456

5.1 5.2 spring 2018

Kirchner, graffiti), photography (André Kertész, Eva Besnyö, the Magnum

recent trends in hospital

6.1 Cover Manhattan Transfer, an American novel

6.2 Berlin Die Sinfony der Grosstadt, a film by

6.3 Umberto Bocciono, Simultaneous Visions, 1911

7.1 EFFEKT, Cancer Counseling Center, Livsrum,

7.2 Christian de Portzamparc, Hôpital de la Croix-

7.3 Ateliers Jean Nouvel and Valero Gadan

7.4 Nord, Health Center for Cancer Patients,

political meaning, as it has gradually become instrumental for the redefinition

Expertise Centre for Architecture, Urbanism and Health

8.2 Czar Peter House, Zaandam

8.3 Broerenkerk Bookstore, Zwolle, 2013