1. Through which process carbon and energy is available to autotrophs.

2. Write the equation of photosynthesis.

3. What is translocation? What is transpiration?
4. What is heterotrophism ?
5. Name the secretions secreted from Gastric glands.
6. Which muscles controls the movement of food form stomach.
7. Which part of digestive system helps in complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and
lipids ?
8. Which enzymes of pancreas helps in efficient digestion of protein ?
9. Name the intermediate and final products obtained during aerobic respiration
10.What is the amount of energy obtained during aerobic and anaerobic respiration while the
break down of one glucose molecule ?
11.Which acid responsible for the cramping of muscles?.
12.What is the transportation of material ?
13.Name the following blood vessels.
14.What is emulsification ? What is its significations.
15.Which is the structural and functional unit of human kidney?
16.What is excretion ?
17.Which is the excretory substances excreted form human kidney ?
18.Name the two glands, which secretes Amylase enzyme.
19.Which process helps in the removal of waste substances form blood while kidney failure ?
20.What are the conditions necessary for Autotrophic nutrition ? Name its product.
21.Differentiate between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition.
22.How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food ?
23.Differentiate between saprophytes and parasites.
24.What is the importance of nutrition ?
25.What is the importance for photosynthesis ?
26.What is the role of salivary juice in the digestion of human beings?
27.List the role of hydrochloric acid in stomach.
28.What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidized to provide energy in various
organisms ?
29.Write the important components and their functions of blood.
30.Write three types of blood vessels and their functions.
31.What is blood pressure ? explain briefly
32.Differentiate between Arteries and Veins?
33.What is coordination? What is synapse?
34.What are the two systems responsible for control and coordination in humans?
35.What is reflex action? Which is the center of reflex action?
36.What is reflex arc?
37.Which part of the brain maintains posture and equilibrium of the body?
38.Which part of the brain controls involuntary actions like salivation in mouth and vomiting?
39.Why is the use of iodized salt advisable ?
40.What are plant hormones? Why hormones are called chemical messengers?
41.What are sensory neurons ? What are Motor neurons ?
42.How the brain and spinal card is protected?
43.Differentiate between reflex action and waling.
44.What is the role of the brain in reflex action ?
45.What are growth promoting phytohormones ?
46.Give example for growth inhibiting phytoharmone .
47.List the functions of the following plant hormones. i) Auxins ii) Gibberellin iii) Cytokinins iv)
Abcisic acid
48.Define the following terms : 1) Phototropism 2) Geotropism 3) Hydrotropism 4)
Chemotropism

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49.What are the secretions of pituitary gland and mention their functions ?
50.List the important hormones and functions of the following glands. i) Thyroid gland ii) testis
iii) ovaries iv) Adrenal gland v) Pancreas
51.“The timing and amount of hormone released are regulated by feedback mechanisms”.
Justify the statement with one example.
52.Why are some patients of diabetes treated by giving injections of insulin ?
53.Why is the use of iodized salt is advisable ?
54.What are the components of reflex arc?
55.List the functions of the following parts of the brain : i) Hypothalamus ii) Medulla oblongata
iii) Thalamus iv) Pons v) cerebrum vi) cerebellum
56.What are the components of an ecosystem ?
57.What are the reasons for the depletion of ozone layer ?
58.What is food chain ? Why green plants are called producers ?
59.The flow of energy is unidirectional in an ecosystem. Why?
60.In the food chain including snake, insect, grass and frog identify the trophic level of frog
61.Phytoplanktons → zooplanktons → fish → bird. In the above food chain a) Which organism
get more energy. b) In which organism deposition of insecticide is more
62.What is bio magnification? Give example.
63.In the food chain includes lion, plants and sheeps. a) Which transfers more energy ? b)
Which receives less energy ?
64.What is ozone ? How does it affect any ecosystem ?
65.Give any two ways in which biodegradable substances would affect the environment.
66.What is Grazing food chain ?
67.What will happen if we kill all the organisms in or trophic level ?
68.List two methods of safe disposal of the no-biodegradable waste.
69.What is terrestrial food chain and aquatic food chain ?> Give example.
70.What are the advantages of cloth bags over plastic bags during shopping?
71.What is food web ? Give one example.
72.What are trophic levels ? Give an example of food chain and state the trophic levels in it.
73.What is biodegradable and non-biodegradable substance? Give example.
74.What are the consequences of ozone layer depletion ?
75.Why should biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes be discarded in two separate
dustbins?
76.We often observe domestic waste decomposing in the residential colonies causes
problems. Suggest ways to make people that the improper disposal of waste is harmful to
the environment.
77.What is the role of decomposers in the ecosystem?
78.How can you help in reducing the problem of waste disposal ? Give any tow method
79.What is the importance of food chain and food web ?
80.Usually more than four trophic levels are not exist in an ecosystem. Why ?
81.What is Reproduction?
82.Why reproduction is essential?
83.What is the importance of DNA replication / copying in reproduction process?
84.Why is variation beneficial to the species but not necessary for the individual ?
85.Name the chemical substance present in blueprint necessary for body design of an
organism.
86.How DNA is responsible for changing of body structure of an organism?
87.Why DNA copying is an essential part of the process of reproduction?
88.What is asexual reproduction ? Give example.
89.What are the advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction ?
90.Differentiate between Binary fission and multiple fission
91.What is regeneration?
92.Along with a diagram, explain the process of budding in Hydra.

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93.Draw labeled diagram to show Binary fission in Amoeba.
94.What is vegetative propagation ? List the advantages of vegetative propagation.
95.How will an organism be benefitted, if tit reproduces through spores ?
96.Give an example to the plant which is reproduce through spores.
97.Write the characteristic feature of sexual reproduction.
98.Name the plant reproduce through leaves. How it is reproduced?
99.Why sexual mode of reproduction is essential in an organism?
100. Name two reproductive parts of the flower.
101. How unisexual flower is different from bisexual flower.
102. What is pollination? Explain the types of pollination?
103. How pollination is different from fertilization ?
104. What are the agents, which helps in cross-pollination?
105. What are the advantages of plants by the production of seeds?
106. Write the difference between male gametes and female gametes.
107. What are the functions of testis in human beings?
108. What is the role of seminal vesicles and prostate glands?
109. What changes seen in girl’s at the time of puberty?
110. How does the embryo get nourishment inside the mother’s body ?
111. What are the functions of placenta ?
112. What are the hormones secreted in girls and boys at the time of puberty ?
113. What are the hormones secreted in boys at the time of puberty ?
114. What are the diseases spread through sexual contact? Name the casual organism and
methods of prevention.
115. If a woman is using copper-T, will it help in protecting her from sexually transmitted
diseases?
116. The presence of which bacteria indicates pollution of water?
117. Give any four reasons to stop the usage of firewood as a source of fuel.
118. Name the two peoples who get advantages from the forests.
119. Name any one micro biodiversity habitat.
120. Which part of human body coliform bacteria’s are present.
121. Give any two reasons for the failure of sustainable management of ground water.
122. Name any two materials, which can be easily recycled and generally thrown out, as
trash.
123. What is Rainwater harvesting?
124. What is eutrophication?
125. What is sustainable management of natural resources?
126. Mention any two major benefits of dams.
127. Why did Amrita Devi Bishnoi scarified her life?
128. Suggest some consequences due to the loss of biodiversity?
129. List two measures that you would suggest for the better management of water
resources.
130. List any four stakeholders, which may help in conservation of forests.
131. List any four harms of destruction of forests.
132. Mention any two reasons for which environmentalist protested against raising the
height of “Sardar Sarovar Dam” on river Narmada.
133. What are the poisonous gasses released during the burning of fossil fuel?
134. What changes can you make in your habits to become more environmental friendly?
135. Why do we conserve forest and wild life?
136. Suggest some approaches towards the conservation of forests.
137. Reuse is better than recycling of materials give reasons to justify the statement.
138. Hydroelectric power is also an indirect form of solar energy. How?
139. Why do we need alternative source of energy?
140. What are 5R practices which protects environment. Explain briefly.

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141. Why do we need to manage our resources carefully?
142. Write some of the simple choices that can make a differences in our energy
consumption patterns.
143. What was “Chipko Andolan” ? How did this Andolan ultimately benefit local people and
the environment?
144. What are greenhouse gasses? What is the effect of increasing of greenhouse gasses in
the environment?
145. List the methods to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere
146. What are the advantages of storage of water under the soil (as ground water)?
147. How do we reduce the pressure on the environment.
148. Parents transmit some of their characteristics into their offspring’s. How?
149. Inheritance/heredity is possible because of a certain factor present in organisms. What
is this factor? Or What is gene?
150. Reproduction leads to variation. How?
151. In any population, .no two individuals are similar. Why?
152. What is the cause of variation in asexually reproducing organisms?
153. Why is the progeny always tall when a tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant?
154. How many pairs of chromosomes are present in human beings?
155. Give an example where sex is determined by environmental factors.
156. In human females, the gametes formed have X-chromosomes in all. Give reason.
157. Why is it that the unit of evolution is population, not the individual?
158. In a beetle population, the number of green beetles is more than blue and red beetles.
Give a reason behind this situation.
159. Give the respective scientific terms used for studying i. the mechanism by which
variations are created and inherited. ii. the development of new types of organisms from
the existing ones.
160. Write one word for the formation of new species due to gradual change over long
period.
161. Explain Mendel's observation when he crossed a homozygous tall (TT) plant with
homozygous dwarf (tt) plant followed by self-cross.
162. In Mendel's experiment of inheritance in which he took two contrasting characters, i.e.
round green and wrinkled yellow seeds, (i) What was the phenotype of offspring is in F1-
generation? (ii) What was the ratio of offspring is in F2-generation?
163. Why do all the gametes formed in human females have an X-chromosome?
164. In human beings, the statistical probability of getting either a male or female child is 50
: 50. Give a suitable explanation.
165. In a pea plant, find the contrasting trait if (i) the position of flower is terminal (ii) the
flower is white in colour (iii) shape of pod is constricted
166. What is speciation? List four factors that could lead to speciation. Speciation is the
process by which new species develop from the existing species.
167. How is the sex of a child determined in human beings?
168. What are the different ways in which individuals with a particular trait may increase in a
population?
169. Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of a self-pollinating plant
species? Why or why not?
170. Give an example of characteristics being used to determine how close two species are
in evolutionary terms?
171. Can the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat be considered homologous organs?
Why or why not?
172. What are fossils? What do they tell us about the process of evolution?
173. Why are human beings who look so different from each other in terms of size, colour
and looks said to belong to the same species?

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174. In evolutionary terms, can we say which among bacteria, spiders, fishes and
chimpanzees have a 'better' body design? Why or why not?
175. How are the areas of study of evolution and classification interlinked?
176. Explain the terms analogous and homologous organs with examples.

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