MANOJ CHHILLAR ELITE ACHIEVERS ASHISH CHHILLAR

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CHAPTER 6
NUTRITION
1. A few drops of iodine solution were added to rice water. The solution turned blue-black in color. This indicates that rice water
contains (a) complex proteins (b) simple proteins (c) fats (d) starch.
2. The internal (cellular) energy reserve in autotrophs is (a) Glycogen (b) Protein (c) Starch (d) Fatty acid.
3. An organism which breaks down the food material outside the body and then absorbs it is (a) a plant parasite, Cuscuta (b) an animal
parasite, Tapeworm (c) a bacteria, Rhizobium (d) a fungi, Rhizopus
4. Choose the forms in which most plants absorb nitrogen (i) proteins (ii) nitrates & nitrites (iii) urea (iv)atmospheric nitrogen. (a) (i) &
(ii); (b) (ii) & (iii); (c) (ii) & (iv); (d)none of these
5. Where do plants get each of the raw materials required for photosynthesis?
6. Which part of alimentary canal receives bile from the liver?
7. Is ‘nutrition’ a necessity for an organism? Discuss
8. Leaves of a healthy potted plant were coated with Vaseline. Will this plant remain healthy for long? Give reasons for your answer.
9. Explain the mechanism of photosynthesis. What are variegated leaves? Give two example.
10. Explain the importance of soil for plant growth? What are the adaptations for photosynthesis?
11. How do carbohydrates, proteins & fats get digested in human beings?
12. Why is small intestine in herbivores longer than in carnivores?
13. What will happen if mucus is not secreted by the gastric glands?
14. What causes movement of food inside the alimentary canal?
15. How do the guard cells regulate opening & closing of stomatal pores? State two functions of stomata.
16. Two green plants are kept separately in oxygen free containers, one the dark & other in continuous light. Which one will live longer?
Give reasons.
17. Which substance is used to remove chlorophyll from green leaf during photosynthesis experiment?
18. What substance enter into the food vacuole in amoeba to break down the food? Explain the process of nutrition in amoeba?
19. From which part of the body, undigested food is egested in amoeba?
20. What are enzymes & what is the function of digestive enzymes?
21. Write down name of every name involved in digestive system & their functions?
22. Which part of the body performs the following functions in humans:- (a) absorption of food (b) absorption of water.
23. What are the conditions necessary for autotrophic nutrition? Why do plant need nitrogen? How do plants obtain nitrogen?
24. Define saprophytic, parasitic, holozoic nutrition with one example each. Also define transpiration & translocation.
25. What is the function of liver & pancreas in human digestive system?
26. What is common for cuscuta, ticks, leeches? Name the nutrition in roundworm & plasmodium?
27. Name the acid present in (a) tomato (b) vinegar (c) tamarind.
28. Mention how organisms like bread moulds & mushrooms obtain their food.
29. Describe an experiment to show that “sunlight is essential for photosynthesis”.
30. How is the required pH maintained in the stomach and small intestine?
31. Leaves of a healthy potted plant were coated with Vaseline to block stomata. Will this plant remain healthy for long? State three
reasons for your answer.
32. How would the digestion of food be affected if the bile duct is completely blocked? Explain.
33. How would it affect the digestion of proteins and carbohydrates in the duodenum of man if there is a blockage in the
pancreatic duct? Explain.
34. Why is the inner wall of the alimentary canal not digested although the digestive enzyme can digest all the materials
that make cells?
35. What is bile? What are its constituents?
36. Why leaves become yellow in the absence of light?
37. While juice does not contain any digestive enzymes, yet it is essential for digestion why so? Explain.
38. Name one gland in the human body which secretes digestive enzymes as well as hormones.
39. Why are digestive enzymes called hydrolases ?
40. Name the two ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms.
41. How do autotrophs obtain CO2 and N2 to make their food?
42. Name one accessory pigment and one essential pigment in photosynthetic plants.
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43. Mention two structural features of the small intestine which add to the absorptive capacity.
RESPIRATION
44. Why do fishes die when taken out of water?
45. During respiration exchange of gases take place in (a) trachea & larynx (b) alveoli of lungs (c) alveoli & throat (d) throat & larynx.
46. Why is the rate of breathing in aquatic organisms much faster than in terrestrial organisms?
47. Why is transpiration important for plants?
48. Explain different types of respiration with an example of each? (or) Explain the different pathway of breakdown of food in living
organisms?
49. Name the areas in the woody stem through which respiratory exchange of gases take place.
50. Name an animal which absorbs oxygen through its moist skin.
51. Name an animal which depends on simple diffusion of gases for breathing.
52. Explain why, it is dangerous to inhale air containing carbon monoxide?
53. Describe the process of respiration in fish?
54. Why do the walls of trachea not collapse when there is less air in it?
55. Why is diffusion insufficient to meet oxygen requirements of large multi-cellular organisms like humans?
56. List three characteristics of lungs which make it in efficient respiratory system.
57. How are the alveoli designed to maximize the exchange of gases?
58. What will happen to plant if its xylem is removed?
59. What is fermentation?
60. List four conditions required for efficient gas exchange in an organism.
61. Why does the rate of breathing increase by 20 to 25 times during vigorous exercise?
62. Write any two points of difference between respiration in plants and respiration in animals.
63. What is the path of translocation of food in plants?
64. "The breathing cycle is rhythmic whereas exchange of gases is a continuous process". Justify this statement.
65. Name the substance that is oxidized in the body during respiration.
66. Name the respiratory pigment of blood in mammals.
67. Name the fundamental process in which living organisms release energy within their cytoplasm.
68. Why are lungs divided into very small sac-like structures called alveoli?
69. What will happen if the diaphragm of a person gets ruptured in an accident?
70. Why do the divers carry oxygen for artificial respiration?
CIRCULATION
71. What prevents backflow of blood inside the heart during contraction? (a) valves in heart (b) thick muscular walls of ventricles (c)
thin walls of atria (d) all of these.
72. Single circulation i.e. blood flows through the heart only once during one cycle of passage through the body, is exhibited by (a)
labeo, chameleon, salamander (b) hippocampus, exocoetus, anabas (c) hyla, rana, draco (d) whale, dolphin, turtle.
73. The blood leaving the tissues becomes richer in (a) Carbon dioxide (b) Water (c) Haemoglobin (d) Oxygen
74. During deficiency of oxygen in tissues of human beings, pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid in the (a) Cytoplasm (b) Chloroplast
(c) Mitochondria (d) Golgi body
75. The blood leaving the tissues becomes richer in (a)carbon dioxide (b) water (c) hemoglobin (d) oxygen.
76. Name the energy currency in the living organisms. When & where is it produced?
77. Why do veins have thin walls as compared to arteries?
78. Describe the flow of blood through the heart of human beings.
79. What is the other name of main vein, food pipe & high blood pressure?
80. Which process in a plant is accomplished by utilsing energy from ATP :- transport of water or minerals or transport of food?
81. State the difference between artery, veins, capillary.
82. What is tissue fluid? State two major functions of it.
83. What are systolic & diastolic pressure? What are their normal values?
84. What is single & double circulation? Why is double circulation necessary?
85. In mammals & birds why is it necessary to separate oxygenated & de-oxygenated blood?
86. Name the site of exchange of material between the blood & surrounding cells.
87. What would be the consequences of deficiency of hemoglobin in your body?
88. Differentiate between lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries.
89. Write a note on the lymphatic system in human beings stating two major functions of lymph.
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90. What is the structural difference between the auricles and ventricles?
91. Why is plasma of blood straw-coloured?
92. Normally a vein opens into a large vein or into the heart, but doesn't end in capillaries. Which one or more veins in humans is/are
exception(s) to this rule?
EXCRETION
93. How do leaves of plants help in excretion?
94. What happens to the glucose which enters the nephron tubule alongwith the filtrate?
95. How is urine produced & excreted? Why is urine yellow in colour?
96. Name two excretory products other than oxygen & carbon dioxide
97. You were standing on the roadside, when you saw a family travelling in a car. An ambulance carrying a patient for dialysis was
travelling behind the car. The driver of the car brought his car to one side of the road and allowed the ambulance to overtake. (a)
What value was shown by the driver? (b) What is dialysis?
98. Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to their structure and functioning.
99. How is the amount of urine produced regulated?
100. What happens to glucose which enters the nephron along with the filtrate?

Mark the correct choice as two statements are given, one labeled Assertion (A) and the other labeled Reason (R). Select the correct
answer to these questions from the cods (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
(a) Both A and Rare true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both A and R true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
1. Assertion: Rate of breathing in aquatic organisms is slower than terrestrial organisms.
Reason: The amount of dissolved oxygen is fairly low as compared to amount of oxygen in air.
2. Assertion: The effect of root pressure in transport of water is more important at night.
Reason: During the day the transpiration pull acts as major driving force in the movement of water in the system.
3. Assertion: The opening and closing of the pore of stomata is a function of the guard cell.
Reason: The stomatal pore opens when water comes out of guard cells causing their shrinkage.
4. Assertion: Carnivores have a shorter small intestine.
Reason: Meat is easier to digest.
5. Assertion: Plasma of blood transports food, carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes.
Reason: Red blood corpuscles carry oxygen.

Read the following and answer questions given below:

There is a progressive change in structure of heart between verterbrates like fishes to birds & mammals. Fish have a simple two chambered
heart. Amphibians possess three chambered heart with two atria and a single ventricle. Reptiles have a septum (wall) that partly divides
the ventricle. Birds and mammals have the four chambered design.
1. In fishes blood flows from heart to gills to body and back to heart. This is example of (a) Single circulation (b) double circulation (c)
Triple circulation (d) circulation
2. Which of the following organisms shows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood- (a) Pigeon (b) Fish (c) Frog (d) Crocodile
3. Birds and mammals have four-chambered hearts as it leads to separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Such a separation
allows- (a) Highly efficient supply of oxygen to the body b) Give energy to maintain their body temperature continuously (c) Double
circulation being carried on efficiently (d) Efficient collection of blood from tissues of the body. Now choose the right option- (a) (i) &
(iv) (b) (ii) & (iii) (c) (i) & (iii) (d) (i), (ii) & (iii)
4. In which of the following verterbrate group/groups heart does not pump oxygenated blood to different parts of the body- (a) Pisces
and Amphibians (b) Amphibians and reptiles (c) Amphibians only (d) Pisces only
5. Which chamber of human heart recieves deoxygenated blood from tissues of the body. a) Left atrium (b) Right atrium (c) Left ventricle
(d) Right ventricle

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