FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS DURING VIVA

1. What are the two layers of pollen grains?

2. Which substance is present in exine?
3. What is the importance of germpore?
4. Which layer grows as pollen tube?
5. What is the 2 celled and 3 celled stage of pollen grain?
6. What are generative and vegetative cells?
7. What is the composition of nutrient solution used in the pollen germination?
8. What is pollen viability?
9. What is emasculation and bagging?
10. Where are these programs implemented?
11. What is self-incompatiability?
12. What are the characteristics of entamophilous and hydrophilous flowers?
13. What is microsporangium?
14. What is male gametophyte?
15. Which substance gives fossil status to pollen grains?
16. What is nourishing tissue in microsporangium?
17. What is the role of tapetum tissue in microsporangium?
18. Why tapetum cells are multinucleate?
19. What are the different types of pollination?
20. What are the outbreeding devices in plants?
21. What is megasporangium?
22. What is double fertilization?
23. What is endosperm?
24. Where do you find liquid endosperm?
25. Which type of ovule is commonly seen in plants?
26. What is the role of hypothalamus in puberty?
27. Which hormone is secreted by Leydig cells?
28. What is the role of FSH and LH both in male and female reproductive system?
29. What are Gonadotropins?
30. Draw the diagram of Anatropous ovule and blastula.
31. Which hormones are secreted by ovary?
32. What is corpus luteum? Name the hormone secreted by it?
33. Which hormone is required to maintain pregnancy?
34. Differentiate secondary follicle from tertiary follicle?
35. What is the significance of antrum?
36. Draw a diagram of mature ovum?
37. What is monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross?
38. What is law of segregation and Independent Assortment?
39. What is the scientific name of garden pea?
40. How many contrasting characteristics are studied in pea plant? What are they?
41. What is co dominance?
42. What is incomplete dominance?
43. What is pleiotropism? Give an example.
44. What are the two phenomenon exhibited by blood groups?
45. What is polygenic inheritance? Give an example.
46. What is autosomal dominant trait?
47. What is sex linked inheritance?
48. Which colors cannot be distinguished in colour blindness?
49. How many chromosomes are there in Down Syndrome? How is it caused?
50. In which plants, Incomplete dominance is seen?
51. What is Klinefelter’s Syndrome? How is it caused?
52. What is Turner’s Syndrome? How is it caused?
53. In which type of cross both genotype and phenotype ratios are same?
54. What are α and β thalassemia?
55. What is pleiotropism? give an example.
56. Which chromosome is studied the most?
57. What is HGP?
58. Which is the longest chromosome in the human cell?
59. What is smallest chromosome in human cell? What are the genes present in it
called?
60. What are the male and female heterogamety?
61. Which substance is used in gel electrophoresis?
62. What is elution?
63. What is the source of Agarose?
64. What is VNTR?
65. What is DNA polymorphism?
66. What is spooling?
67. What are homologous and analogous organs? Give examples of both plants
and animals?
68. How many times is an ovum arrested during cell division?
69. What is the difference between Anaphase I and Anaphase II?
70. Which is the counting phase of chromosomes?
71. Which stain is used to study Chromosomes?
72. Who proposed chromosomal theory of inheritance?
73. Name the tissue present in the root tip of onion?
74. Which division occurs in gamete mother cells?
75. How many cells are formed at the end of meiosis?
76. What is the longest sub phase of prophase I?
77. What are the sub phases of Prophase I?
78. What are the phases of mitosis?
79. During which phase of mitosis, do chromosomes appear in different shapes?
80. What is metaphase plate?
81. What is the gap between the two meiotic divisions called?
82. What are recombination nodules?
83. What is recombinase?
84. When will chromosomes cross over?
85. What are homologous chromosomes?
86. What are sister and non-sister chromatids?
87. Which the most important event of meiosis?
88. What is chaismata?
89. What is terminalisation?
90. In which division chromosomes are reduced to half?
91. Which cells undergo reductional division?
92. What is I gene in blood group?
93. In which Blood Group are antigens absent?
94. What is Rhesus factor?
95. Which blood group does not form antigens and which blood group does not
form antibodies?
96. Which chemicals are given to patients who have undergone organ
transplantation?
97. What are retroviruses?
98. Which test is performed to detect typhoid?
99. What are the common symptoms of typhoid?
100. What is the difference between common cold and Pneumonia?
101. Which type of malaria is serious and how is it caused?
102. Which viruses cause common cold?
103. What is the vector of malaria?
104. Name the organs affected during malaria?
105. What is haemozoin?
106. What are the symptoms of malaria?
107. What is ameobiasis? How is it caused?
108. What is ascariasis? How is it caused?
109. What are the symptoms of ascariasis?
110. What is sexual dimorphism?
111. Which symptoms are seen in filaria?
112. Mention the causatives of ringworm?
113. What is active immunity?
114. How many types of passive lymphocytes are formed by bone marrow?
115. What is thymus?
116. What are T-Lymphocytes?
117. What are the factories of HIV-AIDS?
118. Which lymphocytes are attacked in AIDS?
119. What is spleen?
120. Which test is performed to detect AIDS?
121. What is cancer?
122. What is metastasis?
123. Which cancer is tumor less?
124. What are benign and malignant tumors?
125. Which genes and viruses cause cancer?
126. What are neoplastic cells?
127. What are proto-oncogenes?
128. Which tests are performed to detect cancer?
129. What are α – Interferons?
130. What is cirrhosis? What is fatty liver syndrome?
131. What are genetically modified organisms?
132. Name two natural vectors?
133. What are transgenic plants and animals?
134. Which organization monitors GM research?
135. What is the formula of population density and population frequency?
136. Mention the positive factors responsible for population growth?
137. What is an adaptation?
138. Mention the xerophytic adaptations in plants?
139. What is a phylloclade?
140. What are the adaptations seen in camels?
141. Which tissue is present in free floating aquatic plants?
142. Why do free floating aquatic plants exhibit tuft of roots and root pockets?
143. Name a desert animal which produces solid urine?
144. Why grazing animals avoid grazing calotropis?
145. Why are thorns present in bougainvillea and tendrils in cucurbita?