G3-3B-BSCE-Design Criteria For Highway and Railways

DESIGN
CRITERIA FOR
HIGHWAY AND
RAILWAY
CONTROLS IN IMPROVING
THE DESIGN OF HIGHWAY
Design controls in
Highway construction
CONTROLS IN OPTIMIZING OR
IMPROVING THE DESIGN OF THE
VARIOUS HIGHWAY AND STREET
FUNCTIONAL CLASSES
01 Human Factors and
Driver Performance
The sustainability of a design rests as much on how effectively

drivers are able to use the highway. Properly designed
highways that provide positive guidance to drivers can operate
at a high level of effeciency and with relatively few crashes.
GENERAL CLASSES
OF DESIGN VEHICLES
02 Vehicles
1. passenger cars
2. Buses
3. Trucks, and
4. Recreational vehicles
In the design of any highway facility, the designer should

consider the largest design vehicle that is likely to use that
facility with considerable frequency or a design vehicle with
special characteristics appropriate to a particular location in
determining the design of such critical features as radii at
intersections and radii of turning roadways.
Traffic
03 Characteristics
The design of a highway and its features should
explicitly cover traffic volumes and traffic
characteristics. Traffic volumes obtained from
field studies (such as hourly and daily traffic
volumes, type and weight of vehicles and traffic
trends) can indicate the need for improvement
and directly influence the selection of geometric
design features, such as number oflanes, widths,
alignments and grades.
Traffic
03 Characteristics
GENERAL GUIDELINES
1. Number of lanes
2. Lane widths
3. Road curves and turns
4. Road gradients
04 Physical Elements
These elements include
highway capacity, access
control and
management, pedestrians,
bicycle facilities, safety and
environment.
Knowledge of highway
capacity is essential to
properly fit
a planned highway to
traffic demands.
05 Economic Factors
Highway economics is
concerned with the
cost of a proposed
improvement and the
benefits resulting from
it.
DESIGN CONTROLS
OF HIGHWAY
CONSTRUCTION
Anticipated Traffic Character
Volume of Traffic
Design Traffic Highway

Design Speed
for Vehicle Capacity
Classification Accident
of Highway Information
01 Anticipated
Traffic Volume
Anticipated 01
Traffic Volume
Traffic volume indicates the service for which the improvement

is being made and directly affects the geometric features of
design such as width, alignment, grades, etc. Traffic
information serves to establish the ‘loads’ for geometric
highway design.
02 Character of
Traffic
Character 02
of Traffic
Roads must be designed for safe and convenient use by all

types of vehicles and pedestrians, including trucks, buses,
cyclists, and handcarts. A design check should be made for
the largest vehicle expected to ensure that such a vehicle
can negotiate the designated turns, particularly if
pavements are curbed.
03 Design Speed
Design Speed 03
The design speed is the speed determined for design and
correlation of the physical features of a
highway that influence vehicle operation. It is the maximum
safe speed that can be maintained
over a specified section of the highway when conditions are
so favorable that the design features
of the highway govern.
Arterial Freeway
Local Collector
04 Design Traffic
(Vehicles)
Design Traffic 04
(Vehicles)
When analyzing a facility, consider vehicle types,

dimensions, and their operational traits like turning radii and
performance. Key factors include forces such as rolling, air,
grade, curve, and inertia, with weight-to-power ratios
helping to assess vehicle performance.
TABLE 1.
Design Vehicle Dimension
Table 2.
Minimum Turning Radii of Design Vehicles
05 Highway
Capacity
Highway 05
Capacity
Roadway conditions, including geometric and other elements,

affect road capacity and performance. Horizontal and
vertical alignments depend on design speed and topography.
Severe terrain typically reduces capacity and flow rates,
particularly on two-lane rural highways, affecting vehicle
operation and passing opportunities.
Key factors are: 05
- Number of lanes
- Facility type and environment
- Lane and shoulder widths
- Design speed
- Alignments
- Axle loads
- Turn lanes at intersections
06 Classification of
Highway
Classification of 06
Highway
Multilane highways differ from expressways by having

intersections and traffic signals, with lower design
standards that improve as access points decrease. They
have higher speed limits and minimal pedestrian activity
compared to urban streets and allow easier passing of
slow vehicles. Multilane highways near urban areas often
feature better design elements than two-lane highways.
07 Accident
Information
Accident 07
Information
On all proposed projects, the accident history should be

analyzed and potentially hazardous
features and locations identified to determine appropriate
safety enhancement. A study of accidents
by location, type, severity, contributing circumstances,
environmental conditions, and time periods
may suggest possible safety deficiencies.
Thank you!

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DESIGN

The sustainability of a design rests as much on how effectively

In the design of any highway facility, the designer should

Design Traffic Highway

Traffic volume indicates the service for which the improvement

Roads must be designed for safe and convenient use by all

When analyzing a facility, consider vehicle types,

Roadway conditions, including geometric and other elements,

Multilane highways differ from expressways by having

On all proposed projects, the accident history should be

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