China Foreign Policy

Chinese Foreign
Policy
Contents
 Background and slogans of Chinese

foreign policy
 Current situation
 Diplomacy to United States (how China
see U.S.)
 Energy secure policy (operations in
Australia, Brazil, and Persian Gulf )
 Territorial claims (strategies to India, Japan,
and Taiwan)
 ODA and foreign investment (foreign aid
to Africa, Latin America, and South Asia)
 Implications and questions

Background
China mainly focused on the domestic
issue and national security and stability
before 1980.
Chinese foreign policy formally start after

the “Chinese Reform and Opening”(1980)
which led by Deng Xiaoping.
The main tasks of Chinese foreign policy

are defensive and have not changed much
since the Cold War era:
 to blunt destabilizing influences from
abroad
 to avoid territorial losses,
 to reduce its neighbors' suspicions,
 to sustain economic growth.
Slogans
 “Five principles of peaceful coexistence”
1. Mutual respect for each other's territorial
integrity and sovereignty.
2. Mutual non-aggression.
3. Mutual non-interference in each other's
internal affairs.
4. Equality and mutual benefit.
5. Peaceful co-existence.
Purpose:
• Implies that good-neighborly relations come
from preventing external instabilities from
“spilling over” to fuel internal frictions.
• Suggests non-interference in internal affairs,
mostly notably Taiwan and Tibet.
 “New security concept”

• Adhere to the FPPC, but emphasizes on the
bilaterally beneficial economic cooperation
among states.
Purpose:
• It marks the new proactive Chinese approaches
to international affairs.
Slogans
 “Peaceful rise/development”
• reassure the international community, particularly
the neighboring countries, of China’s benign
future and that China’s rise will not be a zero-sum
game.
 “Harmonious world”
• Manifest China’s commitment to global peace
and stability, and the goal of a more just and
equitable international system.
I. Diplomacy to U.S.
Before the Cold War, the US–Soviet

tensions drove China–US cooperation
against Soviet expansion.
The collapse of Soviet Union led the

divergence of Chinese and American
strategy.
Basic forms of China’s post-cold war

policies toward US:
I. Diplomacy to U.S.
(cont.)
Chinese foreign policies in accordance

with actions of U.S.
II. Energy secure policy
Overview
Domestic inequality of resource supply

and demand
20% world population, 12.6% world coal

reserves,
1.3% oil and natural gas reserves.
Vulnerable to high prices, supply

fluctuations, and increased competition
for geographically concentrated energy
resources.
(Oil)
 Oil Strategy: diversify suppliers and

secure energy sources.
Poor domestic production
(Iron ore)
 Iron Ore Strategy: shift from resource

trade to resource investment bilaterally.
Australia is the largest iron ore exporter to
China.
Invest in Australian resources in the hope
of integrating its steel production and
supply chain.
III. Territorial claims
Proclaim the disputed regions as

inalienable part of China.
Major territorial claims regions:

 Taiwan
 Diaoyu Islands (with Japan)
 South China Sea (with Philippines)
 Aksai Chin (with India)
III. Territorial claims
Main Characteristics of China's Foreign Policy
China has unswervingly pursued an independent foreign policy of peace. The basic objectives of the policy
center on safeguarding national independence and state sovereignty, and creating an international
environment favorable to its reform, opening and modernization efforts, as well as maintaining world peace
and promoting common development. The policy is based on the following main elements:
Maintaining independence. We are principled in international affairs, determining our own position and
policies in accordance with the merits of each case and never yielding to pressure from major powers, nor
entering into alliance with any major power or power bloc.
Maintaining world peace. China does not participate in the arms race, nor does it seek military expansion.
China resolutely opposes hegemonies, power politics, aggression and expansion in whatever form, as well
as encroachments perpetrated by one country on the sovereignty and territorial integrity of another, or
interference in the internal affairs of another nation under the pretext of ethnic, religious or human rights
issues.
Friendly relations and cooperation. China sincerely hopes to establish and develop friendly ties and
cooperative relationship with all countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.
Relations with other states are never based on social systems or ideologies.
Good-neighborly and friendly relations. China has vigorously advanced friendly relations with neighboring
countries, worked diligently for regional peace and stability, and promoted regional economic cooperation.
Our nation stands for fair and reasonable settlements of border and territorial disputes through negotiations
and consultations, including the offshore territory. Disputes defying immediate solutions can be temporarily
shelved in the spirit of seeking common ground while putting aside differences. They should never be
allowed to stand in the way of the development of normal state-to-state relations.
Enhanced unity and cooperation with developing countries. This factor has always been a cornerstone of our
foreign policy. We attach great importance to the development of comprehensive friendly relations and
cooperation with other developing countries. We have vigorously explored ways to engage in mutually
complementary cooperation with other developing nations in the economic, trade, scientific and
technological sectors, and have expanded consultations and cooperation with them on international issues in
order to maintain the rights and interests of all developing countries.
Opening policy. China is open to both developed and developing countries and has engaged in extensive
international cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to promote common development.
China, the world's largest developing country and a permanent member of the UN Security Council, stands
ready to make unremitting efforts to ensure world peace and development, and the establishment of a new
fair and equitable international political and economic order based on peace and stability.

China Foreign Policy

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Chinese Foreign

 Background and slogans of Chinese

 Implications and questions

Chinese foreign policy formally start after

The main tasks of Chinese foreign policy

 “New security concept”

Before the Cold War, the US–Soviet

The collapse of Soviet Union led the

Basic forms of China’s post-cold war

Chinese foreign policies in accordance

Domestic inequality of resource supply

20% world population, 12.6% world coal

Vulnerable to high prices, supply

 Oil Strategy: diversify suppliers and

 Iron Ore Strategy: shift from resource

Proclaim the disputed regions as

Major territorial claims regions:

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