Foreign Policy

What is foreign policy?
Preserving the national security of the United States. Promoting world peace and a
secure global environment. Maintaining a balance of power among nations.
A foreign policy is a set of political goals that seeks to outline how a particular country
will interact with the other countries of the world. Foreign policies generally are
designed to help protect a country's national interests, national security, ideological
goals, and economic prosperity.
Who makes the foreign policy?

On May 19, 1789, James Madison proposed the creation of a Department of Foreign
Affairs under the leadership of a Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.
Under the Constitution, the President of the United States determines U.S. foreign
policy. The Secretary of State, appointed by the President with the advice and consent
of the Senate, is the President's chief foreign affairs adviser.
Importance of foreign policy:

The main objective of foreign policy is to use diplomacy or talking, meeting, and making
agreements to solve international problems. They try to keep problems from developing
into conflicts that require military settlements. The President almost always has the
primary responsibility for shaping foreign policy.
Actors of foreign policy:

Political leaders and especially the heads of states such as a President, Prime Minister or
King queen are fundamental actors in foreign policy and their ideals also reflect on how
their foreign policies are structured and implemented in their states.
Tools of Foreign Policy

• Economic Sanctions
• Economic Statecraft Foreign Assistance
• Trade Policy
• Armed Force
• Deterrence
• Arms Control
• Peacekeeping
• Intelligence Covert Action.
Main types of foreign policy:
The president employs three types to conduct foreign policy
• Diplomacy
• Foreign aid
• Military force
Diplomacy:
Role of diplomacy in foreign policy:
Diplomacy is the main instrument of foreign policy which represents the broader goals
and strategies that guide a state's interactions with the rest of the world.
Importance of Ddiplomacy:
Diplomacy is most importantly used to complete a specific agenda. Therefore, without
diplomacy, much of the world's affairs would be abolished, international organizations
would not exist, and above all the world would be at a constant state of war. It is for
diplomacy that certain countries can exist in harmony.
Example of diplomacy:
When you negotiate or broker a deal between two parties who are angry, this is an
example of a time where you have shown diplomacy. When a president sits down to
talk to the president of another foreign country in order to try to resolve a tense
situation, this is an example of a time when diplomacy is necessary.
Principles of diplomacy:
The Principles of Diplomacy are intended to contribute to improved achievement of
foreign policy objectives by diplomatic operations.
• National interest.
• Credibility.
• Clarity.
• Comprehensiveness.
• Understanding.
• Perceptiveness.
• Circumspection.
• Confidence-building.
Main features of diplomacy:

The key functions of diplomacy incorporate a varied number of points like
• Representing
• Negotiating
• Symbolizing
• Reporting
• Protecting the general interest of the public.
Foreign aid:
Main purpose of foreign aid:
Foreign aid typically aims to support security as well as the economic, social, and
political development of recipient countries and their people.
Types of foreign aid:

• Types of Foreign Assistance.
• Disbursements vs. Aid Received.
• Bilateral Aid.
• Military Aid.
• Multilateral Aid.
• Humanitarian Assistance.
Examples of foreign aid:

• Money.
• Food and supplies.
• Medical assistance including doctors and supplies.
• Humanitarian aid such as relief workers.
• Training services including agricultural training.
• Health care.
• Education.
• Assistance with infrastructure building.
Military force:
Military in foreign policy making:
Foreign policies are designed to help protect a country’s national interest. Its national
security, ideological goals and economic prosperity. Owing to the anarchic nature of the
international political system, states feel a high degree of insecurity: lacking systemic
guarantees of state security, war remains a legitimate instrument of foreign policy.
Selfprotection is the sole protection in an essentially anarchical system. While the
primary objective of this article is to examine Pakistan’s foreign policy, it also evaluates
two approaches to international relations, idealism and realism. Lastly, the article
analyses the security perception of Pakistan and the role of the military in foreign policy
making. The theoretical foundation of this study is realism, because Pakistan foreign
policy is a classic example of political realism.
Pakistan foreign policy:

The foreign policy of Pakistan is primarily directed to the pursuit of national goals of
seeking peace and stability through international cooperation.
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Founder of Pakistan and its first Governor
General, in a broadcast talk to the people of the USA in February 1948, outlined the
following goals of Pakistan's foreign policy. Our foreign policy is one of friendliness and
goodwill towards all the nations of the world.
The Foreign Minister of Pakistan is the official charged with state-to-state diplomacy,
although the Prime minister maintains an ultimate authority over foreign policy.
Objectives of Pakistan foreign policy:

The foreign policy of Pakistan seeks to promote the internationally recognized norms of
interstate relations, respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity of all States,
noninterference in the internal affairs of other State non-aggression and peaceful
settlement of disputes.
Which country Pakistan did not accept?

The international and bilateral relations between Armenia and Pakistan are poor.
Pakistan is the only country in the world that does not recognize Armenia as a state. The
primary cause of the two countries' diplomatic rift is the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
Which country accepted Pakistan first?
Iran was the first country to recognize Pakistan after independence. After the 1979
Islamic Revolution of Iran, Pakistan was one of the first countries to recognize the new
dispensation. The two countries have supported each other at critical junctures in their
history.
The country which Pakistan did not accept:

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan does not recognize Israel as a legitimate state. Hence, it
bears the inscription. This passport is valid for all countries of the world except Israel.
Ratio of Overseas Pakistani:
Total population
Saudi Arabia 2,600,000 (2017 estimate)
United Arab Emirates 1,500,000 (2017 estimate)
United Kingdom 1,174,983 (2011 Official UK Census)
United States 409,163 (2010 Official United States Census)

Conclusion:
The review of Pakistan’s foreign policy shows that the goals of Pakistan have remained
more or less constant, although their scope was often redefined and new dimensions
were added to them.
• Promote international peace

• Balance relationship with China and USA
• Strengthen relationship with china
• Kashmir issue
• Terrorism
• Solve energy crises
• Safeguard the nation interest
• Relations with Muslim world

Foreign Policy

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What is foreign policy?

Who makes the foreign policy?

Importance of foreign policy:

Actors of foreign policy:

Tools of Foreign Policy

Main features of diplomacy:

Types of foreign aid:

Examples of foreign aid:

Pakistan foreign policy:

Objectives of Pakistan foreign policy:

Which country Pakistan did not accept?

Which country accepted Pakistan first?

The country which Pakistan did not accept:

Ratio of Overseas Pakistani:

United Arab Emirates 1,500,000 (2017 estimate)

United Kingdom 1,174,983 (2011 Official UK Census)

United States 409,163 (2010 Official United States Census)

• Promote international peace

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