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Unit 1 : ( Introduction to Media and Information Literacy )
Lesson 1: How Media and Information

Affect Communication
Five Cs in 21st century Skills

- creativity
- collaboration,
- critical thinking
- connection
- communication.
Communication is derived from the Latin word “communis” which means common.
- involves the process of transmitting and delivering information to an intended audience.
● Source is like the point of reference from where or from whom the message is crafted.
● Message or the heart of the communication process that connects the source to the
audience.
● Channel or medium is the tool used to deliver the message from the source to the
receiver.
● Receiver refers to the people who will decode the message.
● Noise refers to the unwanted yet unavoidable element in communication flow.
Communication Models
Shannon and Weaver Model (1949) - It’s a two-way process that reinforces that the message
needs to be deconstructed if there is a greater noise or disturbance to lessen ambiguity.
● American mathematicians Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver originally conceived the
model in 1948.
● The model was developed to represent the basic elements of communication and
explain how messages can become lost or distorted. Shannon and Weaver believed that
by identifying barriers to communication, you could develop strategies to overcome
them.
● Noise is classified as anything that might distort the message.
Charles Osgood’s model - explains the circular process in which the roles of being a source and
a receiver can be interchanged and done simultaneously with the help of feedback mechanism.
● Charles Osgood's model explains the circular process in which the roles of being a
source and a receiver can be interchanged and done simultaneously with the help of a
feedback mechanism.
● Charles Egerton Osgood popularized the notion that communication was circular rather
than linear, meaning that it required two participants taking turns sending and receiving a
message.It shows why redundancy is an essential part.
● The message is the intended communication, while the receiver is the person for whom
the message is intended.
Schramm's model - emphasizes the shared experiences and understanding between the sender
and the receiver.
● includes a feedback loop and the processes of encoding, decoding, and interpretation.
The success of communication also depends on the fields of experience of the
participants. A field of experience includes past life experiences as well as attitudes and
beliefs.
● For Schramm, communication is about sharing information or having a common attitude

towards signs.
Lesson 2: What is Media and Information

Literacy?
Literacy as one’s cognitive ability to process information using written materials in

various contexts.
● Information literacy refers to one’s ability to search, access, consolidate, utilize, and
create relevant information for varying purposes.
● Media Literacy focuses on how a person identifies the roles and functions of media
institutions, how he scrutinizes the content and even various information providers, and
how he makes use of media in a responsible, ethical manner.
● Technology literacy refers to skills on the effective usage of technology including

hardware and software to communicate, manipulate, store and access information.
● Media and Information Literacy is a set of integrated skills, attitudes, competencies that
empower citizens to communicate and understand information for democratic discourse,
and to evaluate, produce and use all of these resources in an effective, competent and
ethical way.
a. make informed decisions

- To avoid making biased and sweeping statements, one needs to know how to evaluate
information from various sources.
b. learn about the world around them

- Not everything you find on the net are accurate and reliable.
c. build a sense of community

- Connecting people to promote pluralism or a belief that each person is unique that
promotes diversity.
d. maintain public discourse

- Take an active role for self-expression and exercising freedom of expression as stated in
a Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
e. engage in lifelong learning

- Current workplace demands more complex skills like how to identify relevant information
and how to communicate ideas using ICT (information communication technology).
Lesson 3: Responsible Uses and

Production of Media and Information
1. Plagiarism is a product of poor attitude towards learning.

2. Intellectual property law, e-commerce law, anti-piracy and law.
3. He/she can spot any form of stereotypes like gender or racial, bias, and oversimplified
generalization.
4. Every person is entitled to his or her own right to express his or her opinion. Learn to
respect people’s privacy, feelings and property.
5. Verifying sources is one indicator of being critical media users.
6. Form of harassment in the digital world which is called cyberbullying.
7. Be cautious of the propaganda or statements that may seem believable.
Unit 2 : ( The Evolution of Traditional to New Media )
- The ability to convey information is a primary skill needed in order to accomplish a

certain task.
● Pre- industrial Age ( 1700’s ) - Known as Prehistoric age. ( to record information dates. )
- Cave paintings since 35,000 BC
- Papyrus paper is used in ancient Egypt
- Clay tablets found in Mesopotamia
- Acta Diurma
- Codex
- Dibao
● Industrial Age ( 1700’s - 1930’s ) - This period is described as the product of harnessing
the power of machines. ( Uniform method of recording text )
- Mass production of goods and products
- The most notable invention of this era is the printing press.
- Invention of typewriter and the introduction of motion pictures
- The invention of telegraph and the telephone to communicate across a great
distance.
● Electronic Age ( 1930’s - 1980’s ) - The emergence of mass media.

- The invention of the transistor started the era of electronic computing.
- The development of electronic component ( analog ).
- Large electronic computer and mainstream.
- Radio television
● Information Age ( 1900’s - 2000’s ) - This modern age, characterized the massive
influences of the internet.
- Accessible real time and on demand anywhere across the globe
- Social media and application
- Cloud computing

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MIL Reviewer

Unit 1 : ( Introduction to Media and Information Literacy )

Lesson 1: How Media and Information

Five Cs in 21st century Skills

- involves the process of transmitting and delivering information to an intended audience.

● Receiver refers to the people who will decode the message.

● Noise refers to the unwanted yet unavoidable element in communication flow.

● For Schramm, communication is about sharing information or having a common attitude

Lesson 2: What is Media and Information

Literacy as one’s cognitive ability to process information using written materials in

● Technology literacy refers to skills on the effective usage of technology including

a. make informed decisions

b. learn about the world around them

c. build a sense of community

d. maintain public discourse

e. engage in lifelong learning

Lesson 3: Responsible Uses and

1. Plagiarism is a product of poor attitude towards learning.

- The ability to convey information is a primary skill needed in order to accomplish a

● Electronic Age ( 1930’s - 1980’s ) - The emergence of mass media.

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