Program : Diploma in Architecture / Civil Engineering

Course Code : 3014 Course Title: Theory of structures

Semester : 3 Credits: 4

Course Category: Program Core

Periods per week: 4 (L:3, T: 1, P: 0) Periods per semester: 60

Course Objectives:

 To draw bending moment and shear force diagram

 To compute bending stress and shear stress in beams
 To obtain stresses in vertical members
 To analyze beams using various methods

Course Prerequisites:

Course
Topic Course name Semester
code
Integration, Trigonometry Engineering Mathematics 1

Stress, strain, force Basic mechanics 2

Course Outcomes:

On completion of the course, the student will be able to:

Duration
COn Description Cognitive Level
(Hours)
Interpret shear force and bending moment diagrams Applying
CO1 15
for various types of beams and loading conditions.
Apply concept of compression member to analyse
CO2 14 Applying
columns.

CO3 Compute slope and deflection of beams. 15 Applying

CO4 Analyse continuous beams with two spans. 14 Applying

Series test 2
CO – PO Mapping

Course
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
Outcomes
CO1 3 - - - - - -
CO2 3 - - - - - -
CO3 2 - - - - - -
CO4 3 - - - - - -

3-Strongly mapped, 2-Moderately mapped, 1-Weakly mapped

Course Outline:

On completion of the course, the student will be able to:

Module Duration
Description Cognitive Level
Outcomes (Hours)
Interpret shear force and bending moment diagrams for various types of
CO1 beams and loading conditions and determine bending stress in beam with
an outline of shear stress.
Outline the concept of bending moment and
M1.01 3 Understanding
shear force
Draw BMD and SFD of S-S and cantilever
M1.02 5 Applying
beams under point and UD load
Outline the concept of bending and shear
M1.03 2 Understanding
stresses in beams
Compute bending stress and shear stress in
M1.04 5 Applying
beams

Contents:
Shear Force and Bending Moment
Types of supports, beams and loads. Concept and definition of shear force and bending
moment, Relation between load, shear force and bending moment (without derivation).
Shear force and bending moment diagram for cantilever and simply supported beams with
overhang subjected to point loads, uniformly distributed loads. (Combination of any two
types of loading), point of contra flexure.
Bending and Shear Stresses in beams
Concept and theory of pure bending, assumptions, flexural equation (without derivation),
bending stresses and their nature, bending stress distribution diagram. Concept of moment
of resistance and simple numerical problems using flexural equation.
Shear stress equation (without derivation), relation between maximum and average shear
stress for rectangular section, circular section, I section and T section shear stress
distribution diagram. Simple numerical problems
 Apply concept of compression member to analyse columns with an outline
CO2 of direct and bending stresses in vertical members, dams and retaining
walls
M2.01 Outline the concept of compression member 2 Understanding
Apply Euler’s equation and Rakine’s equation
M2.02 3 Applying
to calculate buckling and crippling load
Outline direct and bending stresses in vertical
M2.03 2 Understanding
members
Compute maximum and minimum bending
M2.04 4 Applying
stresses in vertical members

M2.05 Outline dams and retaining wall 3 Applying

Series Test – I 1

Contents:
Columns:
Concept of compression member, short and long column, Effective length, Radius of
gyration, Slenderness ratio, Types of end condition for columns, Buckling of axially
loaded columns.
Euler’s theory, assumptions made in Euler’s theory and its limitations, Application of
Euler’s equation to calculate buckling load.
Rankine’s formula and its application to calculate crippling load. Concept of working
load/safe load, design load and factor of safety.
Direct and Bending Stresses in vertical members
Introduction to axial and eccentric loads, eccentricity about one principal axis only, nature
of stresses, Maximum and minimum stresses, resultant stresses and stress diagram.
Condition for no tension or zero stress at extreme fiber, Limit of eccentricity, core of
section for rectangular and circular cross sections, Middle third rule.
Dams
Analysis of dams subjected to horizontal water pressure, conditions of stability, Maximum
and minimum stresses, resultant stresses and distribution diagram at base. (Trapezoidal
section)
Retaining wall
Angle of repose- Rankine’s formula for earth pressure (without derivation). Calculate the
force acting due to earth backfill without surcharge- stress at base- stress distribution
diagram.

CO3 Compute slope and deflection of beams and study of torsion.

Calculate slope, deflection and stiffness of
M3.01 3 Applying
beams
Compute the slope and deflection using
M3.02 moment area method for cantilever and S-S 4 Applying
beams
 M3.03 Apply torsion equation 3 Applying
Calculate fixed end moments and reactions by
M3.04 applying standard formulae and draw SFD and 5 Applying
BMD

Slope and Deflection

Concept of slope and deflection, stiffness of beams, relation among bending moment, slope,
deflection and radius of curvature, (no derivation).
Moment area method for slope and deflection of beams – Mohr’s theorems – problems for
finding the slope and deflection of cantilever beams with point load, UD. Load and
combinations of point and UD. Load. Simply supported beam with point load, UD. Load
and combinations of point and UD. Load. [ symmetrical load Only]
Fixed Beam
Concept of fixity, effect of fixity, advantages and disadvantages of fixed beam over simply
supported beam. Principle of superposition, Fixed end moments from first principle for
beam subjected to point load, UDL over entire span. Application of standard formulae in
finding end moments, end reactions and drawing S.F. and B.M. diagrams for a fixed beam.
Torsion of circular shaft, Torsion equation, Power transmission capacity of shaft, Stress
variation across the cross section of shaft.

Apply Clapeyron’s theorem and moment distribution method to

CO4
continuous beams with two spans

M4.01 Outline the concept of continuous beams 1 Understanding

Compute moments and reactions by applying

M4.02 Clapeyron’s 3 moment theorem of continuous 4 Applying
beams with two spans and draw SFD and BMD
Compute bending moment and reactions for
continuous beams with two spans and two
M4.03 5 Applying
support reaction using moment distribution
method and draw BMD and SFD.
Outline portal frames with the concept of bays
M4.04 4 Understanding
and stories.
Series Test – II 1

Contents:
Continuous beams and moment distribution method
Definition, effect of continuity, nature of moments induced due to continuity, concept of
deflected shape, practical examples.
Clapeyron’s theorem of three moment (no derivation), Application of Clapeyron’s theorem
with two spans and two unknown support moment only, Support at same level spans having
same and uniform moment of inertia subjected to concentrated loads and uniformly
distributed loads over entire span. Draw SF diagrams and BM diagrams showing point of
contra flexure for continuous beams.
Moment distribution method
Introduction to moment distribution method, sign convention, Carry over factor, stiffness
factor, distribution factor.
Application of moment distribution method to various types of continuous beams subjected
to concentrated loads and uniformly distributed load over entire span having same moment
of inertia, supports at same level, up to two spans and two unknown support moments only.
Introduction to portal frames – Symmetrical and unsymmetrical portal frames with the
concept of Bays and stories.

Text / Reference:

T/R Book Title/Author

T1 Punmia B C, Strength of Materials, Laxmi Publications (p) Ltd. New Delhi. 6
T2 Bedi D.S., Strength of Materials, Khanna Publishing House, Delhi
T3 Khurmi, R.S., Strength of Materials, S Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi
T4 Ramamurtham, S, Strength of Materials, Dhanpat Rai and sons, New Delhi.
T5 Ramamrutham.S, Theory of structures, Dhanpatrai & Sons.
T6 Khurmi, R. S., Theory of Structures S. Chand and Co., New Delhi.
Bhavikatti, S S, Structural Analysis Vol-1, Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd. New
T7
Delhi.
R1 Rattan S.S., Strength of Materials, McGraw Hill Education; New Delhi
Junnarkar, S. B., Mechanics of structures, Volume-I and II Charotar Publishing
R2
House, Anand
R3 Pandit, G.S. and Gupta, S.P., Theory of Structures, Tata McGra

Online Resources:

Sl.No Website Link

1 https://www.nptel.ac.in