Why is the ribosome so important?

What is the enormous role of ribosomes in the human body? Can you be able to survive or exist
without this cellular organelle? A ribosome is too important as it is the main key for the
functioning machinery of a human body.

Try to search over some pictures of the plant and animal cells on the Internet. For sure you can
see tiny dots in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and cytoplasm. These small dots are the ribosomes.

These cellular organelles are small protein factories found in the cells. The cells of a plant,
animal, and bacteria contain these protein factories. The average number of mammalian cells
has 10,000,000 cellular organelles.

This organelle comprises the large subunit and the small subunit. These two subunits contain
ribosomal proteins and rRNA. Thus, ribosomal proteins and rRNA made this organelle exist in
the cell.

The ribosomal structure is the foundation of the translation machinery. Each cell encompasses
more quantities of ribosomal structures compared to the other organelles. One could not
survive without these cytoplasmic granules. This cellular organelle has a lot of functions. These
functions benefit humans, plants, and animals.

This cytoplasmic granule is dependable for protein synthesis. All living things need proteins that
help everyone survive. Proteins are nitrogenous materials in the living body. Both the inner and
outer parts of the cell need this material.

Proteins have lots of functions in a living body. They are the building blocks of the body. They
made your skins and tendons. They help with digestion and muscle contraction. Proteins also
carry oxygen to the different parts of your body.

Without protein factories, there would be no proteins. Without proteins, you would not
survive. As simple as that!

A human body could not generate proteins without the presence of ribosomal structures.
Proteins are vital for our body to function. The greater number of cytoplasmic granules, the
greater number of proteins available. The lesser the ribosomes, the lesser proteins produced.

This cytoplasmic granule is a cellular organelle. Some biologists insisted that it is eukaryotic.
Few said it is prokaryotic. This granule helps our body to catalyze metabolic reactions. It helps
us provide a structure in our existence. No one can deny this fact.
The protein factory serves as a remarkable complex RNA-based machine. It has two main
functions. First, this tiny structure decodes the messages. Second, it is the gateway for the
peptide bonds' construction.

This tiny structure is like a waiter or waitress. It is the receiver of the orders from the
messenger ribonucleic acid or mRNA. These orders are protein products. It prepares those
products and sends them to the different areas of cells.

Again, the ribosome is significant as it is the pathway for protein synthesis. Furthermore, there
are also what you called "free ribosomes". These free tiny structures manufacture nitrogenous
material for internal cellular action. These are the proteins found in a cytoskeleton or the
mitochondria.

Ribosomes are present in any living body. Thus, it matters to gain knowledge from its definition,
functions, and structures. You must know the things that make up this tiny structure. Who
knows, this might help you to take care of yourself at all times.

The ribosome is beyond critical. You must not only underline its importance with its
responsibility in protein synthesis. You must sow it in your heart that ribosomes are your life's
gem.

How are ribosomes made?

You may wonder how do these tiny materials exist. Ribosome biogenesis is the process of
forming ribosomes. This process comes up in the cytoplasm for the prokaryotes. Ribosome
biogenesis occurs both in the cytoplasm and nucleus for the eukaryotes.

The production of these cytoplasmic granules involves other substances of a living body. These
are enzymes, ribosomal structure proteins, and RNA polymerase. The cell expends its 60
percent energy in producing these cellular organelles.

In past years, biochemists thought that ribosomes form a self-replicating structure. The
information about the production of these granules became more comprehensive. This is
through the use of advanced laboratory tests.

In recent years, biochemists marked an outstanding performance. One major reason for this is
the existence of technological advancements. Technologies advance the laboratory methods in
examining the different processes in ribosome synthesis.

Biochemical developments created powerful tools which are significant in laboratory tests.
These tools provide an easier and faster process in significant discoveries. Such as how does a
ribosome forms in a living body.
Did you know? Ribosomes consist of about 70 varieties of proteins and four nucleic acid
molecules. How does this tiny substance exist?

The ribosomal construction takes place in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes. Ribosome genesis
takes place both in the cytoplasm and nucleus for the eukaryotes. The method requires the
transcription of the ribosomal antecedent. This comprises the sequences of rRNA's primary
species.

This tiniest cellular organelle imposes the assembly of macromolecules. Do you know the steps
of a ribosomal parliament?

These are the methods and procedures of the ribosome's formation.

•The Entry of New Formed Ribosomal Subunits towards the Cytoplasm. The rRNA enters first
the cytoplasm. Upon entering, the rRNA forms as free ribosomal subunits.

•Intranuclear Ribosomal Particles. A little amount of rRNA recovers through the nuclear
extracts. These are in the form of ribonucleoprotein particles. These particles are the
intermediaries of ribosome production.

•Nascent Ribosomes in the Nucleolus. Some properties of ribosomal subunits contain

nucleoplasmic extracts. This infers that the assembly process transpires ahead in the nucleolus.
Through nuclear preparations, the RNA extracts in the form of ribonucleoprotein particles.

•Synthesis and Pools of Ribosomal Proteins. The Hela cell nuclei tare the ribosomal proteins. It
happens after exposure of the cells to radioactive amino acids. The biochemists use
Cycloheximide to know more about the ribosomal protein pools.

•RNA Methylation and Ribosome Maturation. Methyl groups play a critical role in the
maturation of ribosomes. Biochemists expect proteins. Proteins make at the lesser quantity of
cytoplasmic granules in the methionine-deficient cells.

How does the genetic code get to a ribosome?

Do you know what is the significance of a genetic code? Do you know how this code gets in the
cellular organelle? The genetic code gets to a ribosome through the process of transcription.

What is a genetic code? The genetic code is a bunch of principles that are critical in the
formation of proteins. The cell uses this code to analyze the nucleotide sequence within
mRNA's molecules.

A material breaks the sequence into codons. Codons are a series of three-nucleotide units. But
how does a genetic gets into a ribosome? Let us define each of the whole processes.
The cell is the basic unit of any living tissue. You have cells. Plants have cells. Animals have cells.
Bacteria have cells too. Cells also define our existence and survival.

Each cell contains the nucleus. The nucleus contains the genome. Do you know what is a
genome? Genom in humans splits into twenty-three bands of chromosomes.

Each chromosome comprises a long strand of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Histones are water-
soluble proteins responsible for packaging this long strand of DNA.

Along with the DNA are the genes. Genes contain the necessary instructions in the production
of proteins. When the genes switch on, an enzyme called RNA polymerase appears. This
enzyme connects to the gene and then moves along the DNA.

Through this critical movement, it makes a strand of the messenger RNA or the mRNA. In
mRNA, there is the appearance of the nucleotide sequence. This sequence classifies into
codons.

These codons signify that the four nucleotides can generate 64 combinations. These four
nucleotides in mRNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C).

As the RNA moves along the DNA, it created the strand of mRNA at the three bases of the
nucleus. The DNA codes determine the order and add to the mRNA. This process is what we
called as transcription.

Before the mRNA becomes a template in making proteins, it has to undergo a process. This
process involves the adding or eliminating of the RNA's sections. The mRNA then shifts outside
the nucleus. But where did it go?

The mRNA strides into the cytoplasm. The ribosome ties up into the mRNA. This is now the time
where the genetic code gets to this protein factory. This cellular organelle reads the genetic
code present in the mRNA. This is for the production of amino acids through the transfer of
RNA or tRNA.

Do Ribosomes make DNA?

The ribosomes and Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) are vital materials in protein synthesis.
Proteins and the rRNA composed of the ribosomes and DNA is the blueprint of a living body.
Thus, ribosomes do not make DNA. They are different materials crucial for you to stay alive.

You already know that ribosomes are the protein factories. It uses the process of translation to
create proteins. Before the ribosome proceeds to this process, it has to wait for the DNA first.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer. It consists of two polynucleotide chains. These chains
twine around each other to build a double helix structure. The DNA accomplishes its task of
storing instructions. These instructions are important in making proteins. They are also
important for transcription.

How does a ribosome related to DNA if it is not true that the former creates the latter?

You already know that each chromosome contains a long strand of DNA packaged by histones.
The DNA contains the genes. These genes encompass the necessary instructions. What do these
instructions do? These are for the formation of the nitrogenous material in a living substance.

RNA polymerase is an enzyme attached to the genes. This enzyme moves along the DNA, thus,
making a strand of the messenger RNA or mRNA. Through the DNA codes, there is a deducing
of orders of the three bases of nucleotides that add the mRNA.

The mRNA moves outside the nucleus going to the cytoplasm. There, the ribosome shackles to
the mRNA and reads the genetic codes from the mRNA. These genetic codes came from the
DNA through transcription.

The ribosome and DNA are dependent on one another. They need each other to create the
proteins necessary for our functioning body.

This information tells you that ribosomes do not make DNA. Both ribosomes and DNA play
crucial roles in protein synthesis. These two materials determine also our everyday survival.

Do ribosomes make lipids?

The ribosomes and lipids are connectable to one another. These two materials have something
to do with the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). Ribosomes do not make lipids because lipid
synthesis is the ER's responsibility.

For you to be able to understand why ribosomes do not make lipids, let us first define what
lipids are.

Lipids are organic compounds. They are insoluble in water and also as another term for fats.
The lipids have four (4) categories. These are:

•Triglycerides

•Phospholipids

•Steroids
•Waxes

What are the specific functions of lipids? Lipids are responsible for energy storage, protection,
insulation, and lubrication in your body. It also functions as a hormone precursor.

What is the exact relationship between ribosomes and lipids? Does the former not responsible
for making the latter? How do these two relate to the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

There are two divisions for the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). These are the Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum and the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Did you know that the ribosomes have something to do with why rough ER is having a rough
texture?

Attached in the Rough ER are the ribosomes. The ribosomes make the rough ER have a rough
texture. In smooth ER, there are no ribosomes attached. That is the main reason why the
smooth ER has a smooth texture.

Where does lipid synthesis occur? The lipid synthesis occurs at the smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum. Lipogenesis is the process of creating lipids (fat) from the acetyl CoA. It takes place
in the cytoplasm of adipocytes (fat cells) and hepatocytes (liver cells). Lipids exist when you eat
more glucose or carbohydrates than your body wants. Your system utilizes acetyl CoA to
transform the residue into fats.

You all know that ribosomes are not present in the smooth ER. You also know that smooth ER is
a site for the lipid synthesis. Thus, the ribosomes do not make lipids.

Are ribosomes eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

You might want to know if ribosomes are eukaryotic or prokaryotic. Some say these protein
factories are eukaryotic. Few say these organelles are eukaryotic. But the truth is, are both
eukaryotic and prokaryotic.

These cellular organelles occur to be free particles. They are free particles both in the
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

In prokaryotes, the organelle encompasses about 40% of protein and 60% of rRNA. In
eukaryotes, these organelles are half protein and half rRNA.

All living entities consist of either eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotes served as the
first form of life. Some scientists believe that eukaryotes developed from prokaryotes. This
happened around 2.7 billion years ago.
The leading difference between these two types of organisms is understandable. The eukaryotic
cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not. But these two share
common aspects.

Both the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells compose of:

•Deoxyribonucleic Acid

•Cytoplasm

•Plasma Membrane

•Ribosomes

You can tell that these protein factories are both eukaryotic and prokaryotic. That is because
both cells consist of these organelles.