Japanese Vocabulary
Japanese Vocabulary
Japanese Vocabulary
Hiragana
A I U E O
W わ (wa) を (wo)
N ん (n)
Katakana
A I U E O
W ワ (wa) ヲ (wo)
N ン (n)
A I U E O
A I U E O
YA YU YO
Katakana
YA YU YO
This table includes all the basic Hiragana and Katakana characters, as well as those with diacritic
marks and combination sounds.
Extended Hiragana (These are less common and often used to represent foreign sounds)
A I U E O
SH しぇ (she)
J じぇ (je)
CH ちぇ (che)
Extended Katakana
A I U E O
SH シェ (she)
J ジェ (je)
CH チェ (che)
1. Insert the small "tsu" (っ or ッ) before the consonant you want to double.
- For example, "kitte" (stamp) is written as きって in Hiragana, where the small "tsu" (っ) doubles
the "t" sound.
- In Katakana, "cup" is written as コップ, where the small "tsu" (ッ) doubles the "p" sound.
Romanji (or Rōmaji) is the use of the Latin alphabet to write Japanese. It helps non-Japanese speakers
learn pronunciation and serves as a bridge for those unfamiliar with Japanese scripts. There are
several systems of Rōmaji, with Hepburn, Kunrei-shiki, and Nihon-shiki being the most common.
Here are the basic rules and conventions for Rōmaji:
1. Vowels:
- あ (a)
- い (i)
- う (u)
- え (e)
- お (o)
2. Consonants:
- か (ka), き (ki), く (ku), け (ke), こ (ko)
- さ (sa), し (shi), す (su), せ (se), そ (so)
- た (ta), ち (chi), つ (tsu), て (te), と (to)
- な (na), に (ni), ぬ (nu), ね (ne), の (no)
- は (ha), ひ (hi), ふ (fu), へ (he), ほ (ho)
- ま (ma), み (mi), む (mu), め (me), も (mo)
- や (ya), ゆ (yu), よ (yo)
- ら (ra), り (ri), る (ru), れ (re), ろ (ro)
- わ (wa), を (wo)
- ん (n)
3. Diacritic Marks:
- が (ga), ぎ (gi), ぐ (gu), げ (ge), ご (go)
- ざ (za), じ (ji), ず (zu), ぜ (ze), ぞ (zo)
- だ (da), ぢ (ji), づ (zu), で (de), ど (do)
- ば (ba), び (bi), ぶ (bu), べ (be), ぼ (bo)
- ぱ (pa), ぴ (pi), ぷ (pu), ぺ (pe), ぽ (po)
1. Long Vowels:
- Long vowels are often represented by doubling the vowel or adding a macron (e.g., とうきょう is
written as "Tokyo" or "Tōkyō").
- ō for おう or おお
- ū for うう or う
2. Double Consonants:
- Indicated by doubling the consonant (e.g., けっこう is written as "kekkoū" or "kekkō").
4. Particles:
- The particles は, へ, and を are romanized as "wa," "e," and "o" respectively when used as
particles.
- Example: こんにちは (konnichiwa), へ (e), を (o).
1. Hiragana:
- ありがとう (arigatou) - Thank you
- おはよう (ohayou) - Good morning
- こんばんは (konbanwa) - Good evening
2. Katakana:
- テレビ (terebi) - Television
- コーヒー (kōhī) - Coffee
- バナナ (banana) - Banana
### Summary
The Romanization of Japanese follows specific rules and conventions to represent the sounds of
Japanese using the Latin alphabet. The most common system is Hepburn Romanization, which aims
to be intuitive for English speakers. Understanding these rules is essential for reading and
pronouncing Japanese correctly when using Roman letters.
By using the small "tsu" in Hiragana and Katakana, you can correctly indicate double consonant
sounds, which are essential for accurate pronunciation and meaning in Japanese.
Japanese Vocabulary
Here is the complete Japanese N5 vocabulary list in alphabetical order with numbering in sequence:
1. あう (au) - to meet
2. あお (ao) - blue
3. あおい (aoi) - blue
4. あか (aka) - red
5. あかい (akai) - red
6. あかるい (akarui) - bright
7. あき (aki) - autumn
8. あく (aku) - to open
9. あける (akeru) - to open (something)
10. あげる (ageru) - to give
11. あさ (asa) - morning
12. あさごはん (asagohan) - breakfast
13. あし (ashi) - foot, leg
14. あした (ashita) - tomorrow
15. あそこ (asoko) - over there
16. あそぶ (asobu) - to play
17. あたたかい (atatakai) - warm
18. あたま (atama) - head
19. あたらしい (atarashii) - new
20. あちら (achira) - over there
21. あつい (atsui) - hot (weather)
22. あつい (atsui) - thick
23. あと (ato) - later
24. あに (ani) - older brother
25. あね (ane) - older sister
26. あの (ano) - that
27. アパート (apaato) - apartment
28. あびる (abiru) - to bathe, to shower
29. あぶない (abunai) - dangerous
30. あまい (amai) - sweet
31. あまり (amari) - not very (used with negatives)
32. あめ (ame) - rain
33. あめ (ame) - candy
34. ある (aru) - to be, to exist (inanimate)
35. あるく (aruku) - to walk
36. いい (ii) - good
37. いう (iu) - to say
38. いえ (ie) - house
39. いかが (ikaga) - how
40. いく (iku) - to go
41. いくつ (ikutsu) - how many
42. いくら (ikura) - how much
43. いけ (ike) - pond
44. いしゃ (isha) - doctor
45. いす (isu) - chair
46. いそがしい (isogashii) - busy
47. いたい (itai) - painful
48. いち (ichi) - one
49. いちにち (ichinichi) - one day
50. いちばん (ichiban) - best, first
51. いつ (itsu) - when
52. いつか (itsuka) - someday
53. いっしょ (issho) - together
54. いつつ (itsutsu) - five
55. いぬ (inu) - dog
56. いま (ima) - now
57. いみ (imi) - meaning
58. いもうと (imouto) - younger sister
59. いや (iya) - unpleasant
60. いりぐち (iriguchi) - entrance
61. いる (iru) - to be, to exist (animate)
62. いる (iru) - to need
63. いれる (ireru) - to put in
64. うえ (ue) - above
65. うしろ (ushiro) - behind
66. うすい (usui) - thin
67. うた (uta) - song
68. うたう (utau) - to sing
69. うち (uchi) - house, home
70. うまれる (umareru) - to be born
71. うみ (umi) - sea
72. うる (uru) - to sell
73. うるさい (urusai) - noisy
74. え (e) - picture
75. えいが (eiga) - movie
76. えいご (eigo) - English language
77. えき (eki) - station
78. エレベーター (erebeetaa) - elevator
79. えん (en) - yen
80. えんぴつ (enpitsu) - pencil
81. おおい (ooi) - many
82. おおきい (ookii) - big
83. おおきな (ookina) - big
84. おおぜい (oozei) - many people
85. おかあさん (okaasan) - mother
86. おかし (okashi) - sweets, snacks
87. おきる (okiru) - to get up
88. おく (oku) - to put
89. おくさん (okusan) - wife
90. おさけ (osake) - alcohol, sake
91. おさら (osara) - plate, dish
92. おじいさん (ojiisan) - grandfather
93. おしえる (oshieru) - to teach
94. おす (osu) - to push
95. おそい (osoi) - late, slow
96. おちゃ (ocha) - tea
97. おとうさん (otousan) - father
98. おとうと (otouto) - younger brother
99. おとこ (otoko) - man
100. おとこのこ (otokonoko) - boy
101. おとな (otona) - adult
102. おなじ (onaji) - same
103. おにいさん (oniisan) - older brother
104. おねえさん (oneesan) - older sister
105. おばあさん (obaasan) - grandmother
106. おふろ (ofuro) - bath
107. おべんとう (obentou) - boxed lunch
108. おぼえる (oboeru) - to remember
109. おもい (omoi) - heavy
110. おもしろい (omoshiroi) - interesting
111. およぐ (oyogu) - to swim
112. おりる (oriru) - to get off
113. おわる (owaru) - to end
114. かう (kau) - to buy
115. かえす (kaesu) - to return (something)
116. かえる (kaeru) - to return (home)
117. かお (kao) - face
118. かかる (kakaru) - to take (time, money)
119. かぎ (kagi) - key
120. かく (kaku) - to write
121. がくせい (gakusei) - student
122. かける (kakeru) - to call (by phone)
123. かさ (kasa) - umbrella
124. かす (kasu) - to lend
125. かぜ (kaze) - wind
126. かぜ (kaze) - cold (illness)
127. かぞく (kazoku) - family
128. かた (kata) - person (polite)
129. がっこう (gakkou) - school
130. かど (kado) - corner
131. かばん (kaban) - bag
132. かびん (kabin) - vase
133. かぶる (kaburu) - to wear (on head)
134. かまう (kamau) - to mind, to care about
135. かみ (kami) - paper
136. かみ (kami) - hair
137. カメラ (kamera) - camera
138. かようび (kayoubi) - Tuesday
139. からい (karai) - spicy
140. からだ (karada) - body
141. かりる (kariru) - to borrow
142. かるい (karui) - light (weight)
143. カレー (karee) - curry
144. かわ (kawa) - river
145. かわいい (kawaii) - cute
146. かんじ (kanji) - Kanji (Chinese character)
147. き (ki) - tree
148. きいろ (kiiro) - yellow
149. きいろい (kiiroi) - yellow
150. きえる (kieru) - to disappear
151. きく (kiku) - to listen, to ask
152. きたない (kitanai) - dirty
153. きっさてん (kissaten) - coffee shop
154. きって (kitte) - postage stamp
155. きのう (kinou) - yesterday
156. きゅう (kyuu) - nine
157. ぎゅうにく (gyuuniku) - beef
158. ぎゅうにゅう (gyuunyuu) - milk
159. きょう (kyou) - today
160. きょうしつ (kyoushitsu) - classroom
161. きょうだい (kyoudai) - siblings
162. きょねん (kyonen) - last year
163. きる (kiru) - to cut
164. きる (kiru) - to wear
165. きれい (kirei) - beautiful, clean
166. キロ (kiro) - kilogram, kilometer
167. きんようび (kinyoubi) - Friday
168. く (ku) - nine
169. くすり (kusuri) - medicine
170. ください (kudasai) - please
171. くだもの (kudamono) - fruit
172. くち (kuchi) - mouth
173. くつ (kutsu) - shoes
174. くに (kuni) - country
175. くもり (kumori) - cloudy
176. くらい (kurai) - dark
177. くらい (kurai) - about
178. くる (kuru) - to come
179. くるま (kuruma) - car
180. くろ (kuro) - black
181. くろい (kuroi) - black
182. けさ (kesa) - this morning
183. けす (kesu) - to turn off, to erase
184. けっこう (kekkou) - splendid, enough
185. けっこん (kekkon) - marriage
186. げんかん (genkan) - entrance hall
187. げんき (genki) - healthy, energetic
188. ご (go) - five
189. ご (go) - language
190. こうえん (kouen) - park
191. こうちゃ (koucha) - black tea
192. こうばん (kouban) - police box
193. こえ (koe) - voice
194. コート (kooto) - coat
195. ここ (koko) - here
196. ごご (gogo) - afternoon, P.M.
197. ここのか (kokonoka) - nine days, ninth day
198. ごぜん (gozen) - morning, A.M.
199. こたえる (kotaeru) - to answer
200. こちら (kochira) - this way
201. こっち (kocchi) - this way (informal)
202. コップ (koppu) - cup
203. ことし (kotoshi) - this year
204. ことば (kotoba) - word, language
205. こども (kodomo) - child
206. この (kono) - this
207. ごはん (gohan) - rice, meal
208. コピー (kopii) - copy
209. コピーする (kopii suru) - to copy
210. こまる (komaru) - to be troubled
211. これ (kore) - this
212. こんげつ (kongetsu) - this month
213. こんしゅう (konshuu) - this week
214. こんばん (konban) - tonight
215. こんな (konna) - such
216. さあ (saa) - well, let me see
217. さいふ (saifu) - wallet
218. さかな (sakana) - fish
219. さき (saki) - previous
220. さく (saku) - to bloom
221. さくぶん (sakubun) - composition
222. さくら (sakura) - cherry blossom
223. さす (sasu) - to open an umbrella
224. ざっし (zasshi) - magazine
225. さとう (satou) - sugar
226. さむい (samui) - cold (weather)
227. さらいねん (sarainen) - year after next
228. さる (saru) - monkey
229. さわる (sawaru) - to touch
230. さん (san) - three
231. さんぽする (sanpo suru) - to take a walk
232. し (shi) - four
233. しお (shio) - salt
234. しかし (shikashi) - however
235. じかん (jikan) - time
236. しごと (shigoto) - job, work
237. しずか (shizuka) - quiet
238. した (shita) - under, below
239. しつもん (shitsumon) - question
240. じてんしゃ (jitensha) - bicycle
241. じどうしゃ (jidousha) - automobile
242. しぬ (shinu) - to die
243. じびき (jibiki) - dictionary
244. じぶん (jibun) - oneself
245. しまる (shimaru) - to close
246. しめる (shimeru) - to close (something)
247. しめる (shimeru) - to tie
248. じゃ (ja) - well, then
249. シャツ (shatsu) - shirt
250. じゃま (jama) - hindrance
251. じゅう (juu) - ten
252. しゅうかん (shuukan) - week
253. じゅぎょう (jugyou) - class, lesson
254. しゅくだい (shukudai) - homework
255. じょうぶ (joubu) - strong, durable
256. しょうゆ (shouyu) - soy sauce
257. しょくどう (shokudou) - dining hall
258. しる (shiru) - to know
259. しろ (shiro) - white
260. しろい (shiroi) - white
261. しんぶん (shinbun) - newspaper
262. すいようび (suiyoubi) - Wednesday
263. すう (suu) - to smoke
264. すき (suki) - like
265. すくない (sukunai) - few
266. すぐに (sugu ni) - immediately
267. すこし (sukoshi) - a little
268. すずしい (suzushii) - cool
269. スプーン (supuun) - spoon
270. スポーツ (supootsu) - sport
271. ズボン (zubon) - trousers
272. すむ (sumu) - to live
273. する (suru) - to do
274. すわる (suwaru) - to sit
275. せい (sei) - height
276. せいと (seito) - student
277. せっけん (sekken) - soap
278. せびろ (sebiro) - suit
279. せまい (semai) - narrow
280. ゼロ (zero) - zero
281. せん (sen) - thousand
282. せんげつ (sengetsu) - last month
283. せんしゅう (senshuu) - last week
284. せんせい (sensei) - teacher
285. せんたく (sentaku) - washing
286. ぜんぶ (zenbu) - all
287. そうじする (souji suru) - to clean
288. そうして (soushite) - and, then
289. そこ (soko) - there
290. そちら (sochira) - over there
291. そっち (socchi) - over there (informal)
292. そと (soto) - outside
293. その (sono) - that
294. そば (soba) - nearby
295. そら (sora) - sky
296. それ (sore) - that
297. それから (sorekara) - after that
298. それでは (soredewa) - well then
299. たいしかん (taishikan) - embassy
300. だいじょうぶ (daijoubu) - okay, alright
301. だいすき (daisuki) - like very much
302. だいどころ (daidokoro) - kitchen
303. たいへん (taihen) - very, greatly
304. たいへん (taihen) - tough situation
305. たかい (takai) - tall, expensive
306. たがめ (tagame) - tagame
307. たくさん (takusan) - many
308. だす
These phrases will help you greet people appropriately in various situations in Japan.
Here are a few more common Japanese greetings and polite phrases:
### Greetings
1. おつかれさま (Otsukaresama) - Good work / Thank you for your hard work (informal)
2. ごきげんよう (Gokigenyou) - Hello / Goodbye (very formal, often used in older literature or by
certain schools)
3. いらっしゃい (Irasshai) - Welcome (informal, often used at home)
### Farewells
1. ごきげんよう (Gokigenyou) - Farewell (very formal, used similarly to the greeting)
2. おさきにしつれいします (Osaki ni shitsurei shimasu) - Excuse me for leaving before you (used
when leaving work)
3. おだいじに (Odaiji ni) - Take care (usually said to someone who is ill)
### Farewells
1. おげんきで (Ogenki de) - Take care (said to someone leaving for a long time)
2. きをつけてください (Ki o tsukete kudasai) - Please be careful
3. またあとで (Mata ato de) - See you later (informal)
4. さよなら (Sayonara) - Goodbye (used for long-term farewells)
5. バイバイ (Baibai) - Bye-bye (very informal)
Here is a list of numbers in Japanese, along with their pronunciation and how they are written in both
Kanji and Romaji:
### Examples
1. 23,456 - 二万三千四百五十六 (にまんさんぜんよんひゃくごじゅうろく, niman sanzen
yonhyaku gojuuroku)
2. 234,567 - 二十三万四千五百六十七 (にじゅうさんまんよんせんごひゃくろくじゅうなな,
nijuusanman yonsen gohyaku rokujuunana)
3. 2,345,678 - 二百三十四万五千六百七十八 (にひゃくさんじゅうよんまんごせんろっぴゃく
ななじゅうはち, nihyakusanjuuyonman gosen roppyaku nanajuuhachi)
4. 23,456,789 - 二千三百四十五万六千七百八十九 (にせんさんびゃくよんじゅうごまんろくせ
んななひゃくはちじゅうきゅう, nisen sanbyaku yonjuugo man rokusen nanahyaku hachijuukyuu)
5. 234,567,890 - 二億三千四百五十六万七千八百九十 (におくさんぜんよんひゃくごじゅうろ
くまんななせんはっぴゃくきゅうじゅう, nioku sanzen yonhyaku gojuuroku man nanasen
happyaku kyuujuu)
This explanation covers how to read and write large numbers in Japanese, which can be helpful for
understanding financial, statistical, or large-scale numerical data.
Here is a comprehensive list of colors in Japanese, including their Kanji, Hiragana, and Romaji:
These colors and their variations cover a broad spectrum, and they are commonly used in everyday
conversation and descriptions.
In Japanese, the way you refer to your own family members versus someone else's family members
can differ significantly. Here is a list of common family terms in Japanese, with distinctions between
how you refer to your own family and someone else's family:
These terms cover a wide range of family relations, both within your own family and when speaking
about someone else's family in a respectful manner.
Here is a comprehensive list of fruit names in Japanese, including their Romaji, Hiragana, and Kanji
where applicable:
### Berries
1. いちご (ichigo, 苺) - Strawberry
2. ブルーベリー (buruuberii) - Blueberry
3. ブラックベリー (burakkuberii) - Blackberry
4. クランベリー (kuranberii) - Cranberry
5. ラズベリー (razuberii) - Raspberry
6. マルベリー (maruberii) - Mulberry
7. グーズベリー (guuzuberii) - Gooseberry
8. エルダーベリー (erudaaberii) - Elderberry
9. カシス (kashisu) - Blackcurrant
10. ベイベリー (beiberii) - Bayberry
This comprehensive list includes a wide range of fruits, from common ones to more exotic varieties.
Enjoy exploring these fruit names in Japanese!
Here are the names of the days of the week and the months of the year in Japanese, along with their
pronunciation in Romaji and their writing in Hiragana and Kanji where applicable:
These are the names for the days of the week and the months of the year in Japanese, which should be
helpful for understanding dates and schedules.
Here is a comprehensive list of common Japanese verbs and activities. This list covers a wide range of
actions, from basic daily activities to more specific actions.
### Basic Verbs
1. 行く (いく, iku) - To go
2. 来る (くる, kuru) - To come
3. 見る (みる, miru) - To see, to watch
4. 聞く (きく, kiku) - To hear, to listen
5. 話す (はなす, hanasu) - To speak
6. 読む (よむ, yomu) - To read
7. 書く (かく, kaku) - To write
8. 食べる (たべる, taberu) - To eat
9. 飲む (のむ, nomu) - To drink
10. 買う (かう, kau) - To buy
11. 売る (うる, uru) - To sell
12. 会う (あう, au) - To meet
13. 寝る (ねる, neru) - To sleep
14. 起きる (おきる, okiru) - To wake up
15. 走る (はしる, hashiru) - To run
16. 歩く (あるく, aruku) - To walk
17. 立つ (たつ, tatsu) - To stand
18. 座る (すわる, suwaru) - To sit
19. 働く (はたらく, hataraku) - To work
20. 遊ぶ (あそぶ, asobu) - To play
21. 泳ぐ (およぐ, oyogu) - To swim
22. 乗る (のる, noru) - To ride
23. 降りる (おりる, oriru) - To get off
24. 使う (つかう, tsukau) - To use
25. 作る (つくる, tsukuru) - To make
26. 取る (とる, toru) - To take
27. 与える (あたえる, ataeru) - To give
28. もらう (もらう, morau) - To receive
29. 開ける (あける, akeru) - To open
30. 閉める (しめる, shimeru) - To close
31. 入る (はいる, hairu) - To enter
32. 出る (でる, deru) - To exit
33. 分かる (わかる, wakaru) - To understand
34. 知らない (しらない, shiranai) - To not know
35. 思う (おもう, omou) - To think
36. 知る (しる, shiru) - To know
37. 教える (おしえる, oshieru) - To teach
38. 学ぶ (まなぶ, manabu) - To learn
39. 忘れる (わすれる, wasureru) - To forget
40. 覚える (おぼえる, oboeru) - To remember
41. 着る (きる, kiru) - To wear
42. 脱ぐ (ぬぐ, nugu) - To take off (clothes)
43. 洗う (あらう, arau) - To wash
44. 掃除する (そうじする, souji suru) - To clean
45. 料理する (りょうりする, ryouri suru) - To cook
46. 待つ (まつ, matsu) - To wait
47. 探す (さがす, sagasu) - To search
48. 見つける (みつける, mitsukeru) - To find
49. 連絡する (れんらくする, renraku suru) - To contact
50. 約束する (やくそくする, yakusoku suru) - To promise
This list covers a wide range of verbs and activities in Japanese. It should be useful for building your
vocabulary and understanding of common actions and behaviors in the language.
In Japanese, age is expressed using the word "歳" (さい, sai) for years old. Here’s a guide on how to
ask and tell someone’s age in Japanese:
To tell your age, you use the number corresponding to your age followed by "歳" (sai). Here are some
examples:
### Examples
1. I am 25 years old:
- 私は二十五歳です。(わたしはにじゅうごさいです, Watashi wa nijuu gosai desu.)
For numbers like 10 (十歳), 20 (二十歳), and 30 (三十歳), you may hear both jussai and jissai
(じゅっさい / じっさい). Both are correct, but jussai is more commonly used.
Understanding how to express age in Japanese is essential for everyday conversations, and these rules
will help you communicate effectively.