Axtamov A.A.

Grammarland

Uchinchi nashr nashr

Elementary and pre-intermediate

2022
 Axtamov A.A.

Grammarland

For Elementary and Pre-intermediate students

Kitob o’rganuvchilarga tushunishga osonroq bo’lishi uchun ilmiy

atamalardan imkon qadar qochib ko’pchilikka tushunarli uslubda
yozishga harakat qilingan.

t.me/englishwithakhtamovne
w Aziz Akhtamov
UO’K
811.111’36
KBK 81.2Ingl-2
A 90
Axtamov, A.
Grammarland (Grammarland zamini) [Matn]: o’quv
qo’llanma/A.Axtamov, - Toshkent: Muharrir nashriyoti, 2018. –
256 b.

ISBN 978-9943-5415-9-7

Ushbu o’quv qo’llanma Ingliz tilini endi boshlayotganlar va

o’rta darajadagi o’rganuvchilar uchun mo’ljallangan. Qo’llanma
grammatika qoidalari, ular uchun berilgan misollar tarjimalari
bilan, mavzu yuzasidan test savollari va uning javoblarini o’z
ichiga oladi.
Qo’llanmada berilgan qoidalar sodda tilda tushuntirilishi bilan
bir qatorda eng ko’p uchraydigan savollar inobatga olingan
holda yozilgan. Shu sababli ushbu qo’llanma o’qituvchilar uchun
ham, guruhda o’rganuvchilar uchun ham, mustaqil
o’rganuvchilar uchun ham foydali hisoblanadi.

UO’K
811.111’36 KBK
81.2Ingl-2

Taqrizchi:

M.M.Jo’rayeva – Buxoro Davlat Universiteti, Chet tillari

kafedrasi mudirasi, filologiya fanlari doktori

ISBN 978-9943-5415-9-7 © A. Axtamov

Muharrir nashriyoti,
Toshkent, 2018
3
 Ingliz Alifbosi

Ingliz tilida 26 ta harf bo’lib ulardan odatda 20 tasi undosh, 5

tasi unli va 1 tasi yarim unli hisoblanadi.

Aa [ei] Hh Oo [ou] Vv [vi:]

Bb [eich] Ii Pp [pi:] Ww
[bi:] [ai] Qq [kyu:] [‘dʌblyu:]
Cc [si:] Jj [jei] Rr [ɑ:] Xx [eks]
Dd [di:] Kk Ss Yy [vai]
Ee [i:] [kei] Ll [es] Tt Zz [zed]
Ff [ef] [el] [ti:]
Gg Mm [em] Uu [yu:]

Y harfi so’z boshida yoki bo’gin boshida kelganda undosh

hisoblanadi:
Yellow, yes, year, young, beyond, lawyer
Boshqa o’rinlarda unli hisoblanadi:
Baby, boy, bicycle, fry, gym

U va H harflariga e’tiborli bo’ling!

Umbrella, unpleasant, understand – so’zlarida unli tovush
An umbrella, an unpleasant situation, an understandable question

University, union, uniform – so’zlarida undosh tovush

A university, a union, a uniform

Hour, honest, honour – so’zlarida unli tovush

An hour, an honest person, an honour

Honey, hunter, holiday – so’zlarida undosh tovush

A honeymoon, a hunter, a holiday
 Ba’zi talaffuz qoidalari

th - [s yoki z] ee - [i]
The (ze) Feet (fit)
This (zis) Meet (mit)
Brother
Teeth (tiz)
(braze) Thing
oo - [u]
(sing)
Three (sri) Foot (fut)
Food (fud)
ph - [f] Tooth
Photo (foto)
(tuz) Lekin:
Physics (fiziks)
flood (flad)
Elephant
Blood (blad)
(elefant)
al - [ol]
ck - [kk]
Tall (tol)
Lock (lokk)
Wall (vol)
Back (bekk)
All (ol)
Snickers

(snikkers) alk - [ok]

Talk (tok)
kn - [n] Walk (vok)
Know (now)
Knee (ni)
Knife (nayf) WH

gn - [n] wh- dan keyin ‘o’ kelsa, ‘h’

Sign (sayn] o’qiladi:
Foreign (foreyn) Who (hu)
Design (dizayn) Whom (hum)
Lekin: signal Whose (huz)
(signal)
Whole (houl)
gh - odatda o’qilmaydi
Light (layt) wh- dan keyin boshqa harflar
Flight (flayt) kelsa, ‘v’ o’qiladi:
Might (mayt) What (vot)
Though (zou) When (ven)
Through (sru) Which (vich)
Lekin quyidagi so’zlarda ‘f’ Where (ve(r))
deb o’qiladi:
Enough (enaf)
Laugh (laf)
Rough (rof)
Cough (kaf)

5
 C girl (geol)
c- dan keyin i,e,y kelsa, ‘s’ gift (gift)
o’qiladi: gigabyte (gigabait)
cinema (sinema)
cement (siment) so’z oxirida kelgan ‘-e’
cyborg (sayborg) o’qilmaydi.
Home (hom)
c- dan keyin boshqa Have (hev)
harflar kelsa, ‘k’ o’qiladi: Love (lav)
cat (ket) Lekin: quyidagi istisnolarni
cry (kray) eslab qoling:
bicycle (baysikl) He (hi)
She (shi)
The (ze)
G
Me (mi)
g- dan keyin i,e,y kelsa, ‘j’
Be (bi)
o’qiladi:
giraffe (jiraf)
general (jeneral) -tion/sion [shin]
gymnastics (jimnastiks) Profession

(profeshshin) Suggession
g- dan keyin boshqa harflar (sajjeshshin)
kelsa, ‘g’ deb o’qiladi: Action (ekshin)
google (gugl) Emotion (emoushin)
game (geym)
language (lenguej) -ture [che]
luggage (lagej) Picture (pikche)
Mixture (miksche)
lekin: quyidagi istisno
holatlarni eslab qoling: -sure [je/she]
give (giv) Pleasure (plije(r))
giggle (gigl) Measure (mije(r))
Pressure (preshshe(r))
 Noun
Ot

 Shaxs, narsa, joy kabilarni ifodalab, who kim? yoki what

nima? qayer? so’roqlaridan biriga javob bo’ladigan so’zlar
OT deyiladi.
 where qayer deb emas, qayerda yoki qayerga deb tarjima
qilinadi. Shu sababli u otning so’rog’i hisoblanmaydi:
What is the capital of Uzbekistan? (Where
emas) O’zbekistonning poytaxti qayer?

Otlar 2 turga bo’linadi:

1. Atoqli (Proper Nouns)
2. Turdosh (Common Nouns)

Atab qo’yilgan otlar Atoqli otlar deyiladi va doim katta harf

bilan yoziladi:
Bukhara, Istanbul, London, Muhammad, David, Europe …

Turdosh otlar esa bir turga mansub otlarning umumiy nomi

hisoblanadi:
a city, a name, a book, an apple, a street …

Turdosh otlar o’z navbatida 2 turga bo’linadi:

Sanaladigan (countable nouns) va sanalmaydigan (uncountable
nouns)

Uncountable Nouns: Donalab sanab bo’lmaydigan va donalab

sanashga ehtiyoj bo’lmagan otlar sanalmaydigan otlar
hisoblanadi.

Bularga odatda mavhum otlar, moddalarning nomlari, fan va sport

turlari kiradi.

Masalan:
Water – suv Advice – maslahat
Air – havo Weather – ob-havo
Sugar – shakar Jam – murabbo
Love – sevgi Money – pul
Knowledge – bilim News – yangilik
Football – futbol Traffic – qatnov
English – ingliz tili Luggage – yuk
Information – ma’lumot Friendship – do’stlik

7
Countable Nouns: Donalab sanash mumkin bo’lgan va donalab
sanashga ehtiyoj bo’lgan otlar sanaladigan otlar hisoblanadi.

Masalan:
A book – kitob a school -maktab
An apple – olma a teacher -o’qituvchi
A girl – qiz bola a chair -stul
A city – shaxar a friend -do’st

 Sanaladigan otlarda ko’plik va birlik shakllar mavjud. Birlik

shaklida odatda noaniq artikl (a, an) bilan keladi. Ko’p
uchraydigan olmoshlar ichidan many, few, a few lardan
keyin ishlatiladi.
This is a book.
Bu kitob.
I don’t have many books about this.
Bu haqida menda kitob ko’p emas.

 Sanalmaydigan otlar esa faqat birlikda bo’ladi. Ular oldidan

noaniq artikl kelmaydi. Ko’p uchraydigan olmoshlardan
much, little, a little lardan keyin ishlatiladi.
This is
water.
Bu suv.
I don’t have much information about this.
Bu haqida ma’lumotim ko’p emas.

A lot of, some va any dan keyin sanaladigan otlar ham

sanalmaydigan otlar ham kelishi mumkin.
I have a lot of
friends. Mening
do’stlarim ko’p. I
have a lot of money.

Nuqtalar o’rniga qavs ichida berilgan olmoshlardan birini qo’ying.

1. There are usually …… books in libraries. (much, many, few, little)

2. There is ……….. water in the ocean. (much, many, few, little)
3. Sorry, I must go home. I have ……….. time. (much, many, few,
little)
4. George has … friends in New York. (much, little, a few, a
little Nuqtalar o’rniga qavs ichidagi otlardan mosini qo’ying.
1. I don’t have much …………. news. (books, news, water)
2. There are a few …………. in the tree. (apples, money, jam)
3. We have many … in our classroom. (advice, sugar, chairs)
4. I want a little … for my coffee. (cities, friends, sugar)
 Otlarda ko’plik shakli yasalishi
 Otlarning ko’plik shakli turli xil yo’llar bilan yasaladi.
Asosan otlarga –s qo’shish orqali yasaladi.
A ball - balls (koptok)
A pen - pens (ruchka)
A boy - boys (o’g’il bola)
A flower - flowers (gul)
 So’zning oxiri –y bilan tugagan bo’lsa, ikki xil holat bo’ladi:
a) agar –y oldidan undosh harf kelgan bo’lsa, y – i ga aylanib unga
–es qo’shiladi:
a butterfly – butterflies (kapalak)
b) agar –y oldidan unli harf kelgan bo’lsa, hech qanday
o’zgarish bo’lmasdan shunchaki –s qo’shiladi:
a toy – toys (o’yinchoq)
a day – days (kun)
so’zning oxiri –f/fe bilan tugagan bo’lsa, f – v ga o’zgarib –es
qo’shiladi: a knife – knives (pichoq)
a wife – wives (rafiqa)
lekin: ba’zi istisno holatlar ham majvud:
a roof – roofs (tom)
a safe – safes (seyf)
a chief – chiefs (boshliq)
a handkerchief – handkerchiefs (qo’l ro’molcha)
 So’zning oxiri –o bilan tugagan bo’lsa, -es
qo’shiladi: A tomato – tomatoes (pomidor)
A cargo – cargoes (yuk)
A hero – heroes (qahramon)
A potato – potatoes (kartoshka)
Lekin ba’zi istisno holatlar ham mavjud:
A studio – studios (studiya)
A zoo – zoos (zoopark)
A kilo – kilos (kilo)
A logo – logos (logo)
A photo – photos (rasm)
 Oxiri –ch, -sh, -ss, -s, -x bilan tugagan otlarga –es
qo’shiladi: A watch– watches (qo’l soati)
A dish – dishes (idish-tovoq; ovqat)
A boss – bosses (boshliq)
A box – boxes (quti)
 Ba’zi otlarning ko’plik shakli o’zakdan o’zgarish orqali
yasaladi: A man – men (erkak kishi)
A woman – women (ayol kishi)

9
A foot – feet (oyoq)
A goose – geese (g’oz)
A tooth – teeth (tish)
A mouse – mice (sichqon)
An ox – oxen (buqa)
A child – children (bola)
A person – people (kishi, odam)
Sheep, fish, deer va fruit so’zlari odatda birlikda ham ko’plikda
ham bir xil ishlatiladi:
One sheep bitta qo’y
Two sheep ikkita qo’y
A lot of sheep ko’p qo’ylar
One fish bitta baliq
Two fish ikkita baliq
Many fish ko’p baliqlar
 Juft holatda ishlatiladigan otlar ko’plikda keladi. Bu kabi
otlar one, two deb sanalmaydi. pair so’zi bilan sanalishi
mumkin:
Scissors (qaychi)
Trousers (shim)
Socks (paypoq)
Spectacles (ko’zoynak)
Gloves (qo’lqop)
Sunglasses (qora
ko’zoynak) Shoes (oyoq
kiyim)
Jeans (jinsi shim)
Scales (tarozi)
I bought a pair of trousers yesterday.
Men kecha shim sotib oldim.
I have three pairs of shoes.
Menda uch juft oyoq kiyim
bor.
Bunda ushbu buyumlarni birdan ortiqligi nazarda tutilsa pair so’zi
ko’plikda olinadi.
A pair of glasses – two pairs of glasses
 Ba’zi fan nomlari va sport turlari nomlari shaklan ko’plik
bo’lsa ham ulardan keyin birlikdagi fe’l keladi:
Physics is my favourite
subject. Fizika mening sevimli
fanim.
Athletics is getting popular in some countries.
Atletika ba’zi davlatlarda mashhur bo’lyapti.
 Millat nomlari ko’plik qo’shimchasini olib ular oldidan the
aniq artikli kelsa, ular butun millatni ifodalab keladi:
The Uzbeks o’zbeklar
The Americans amerikaliklar
The Russians ruslar
Ulardan keyin ko’plikdagi fe’l ishlatiladi:
The Uzbeks are hardworking.
O’zbeklar mehnatkash.
The Americans like having parties.
Amerikaliklar ziyofatlar uyushtirishni yoqtirishadi.
(is, was va –s qo’shimchasi qo’shilgan fe’llar (works, likes, goes …)
birlik hisoblanadi)
Every american likes having parties.
Har bir amerikalik ziyofatlar uyushtirishni yoqtiradi.
Lekin –sh, -ch, ss, ese bilan tugagan millat nomlariga ko’plik
qo’shimchasi qo’shilmaydi:
The English inglizlar
The French fransuzlar
The Swiss shvedsariyaliklar
The Japanese yaponiyaliklar
Quyidagilarni eslab qoling:
A lump of sugar bir bo’lak oqqand
A bowl of rice bir kosa guruch
A piece of music bir musiqiy asar
A piece of advice biroz maslahat
A piece of cake bir bo’lak pirojniy
A can of oil bir konserva quti yog’
A drop of water bir tomchi suv
A bar of chocolate bir plitka shokolat
A glass of water bir stakan suv
A jar of jam bir bonka murabbo
A loaf of bread bitta non
A sheet of paper bir dona oq qog’oz
A stick of chalk bir dona bo’r
A bunch of flowers bir dasta gul
A tube of toothpaste bir dona tish pastasi
A flock of sheep bir poda qo’y
A flock of birds bir to’da qush
A crowd of people bir to’da odam (olomon)
A herd of cattle bir poda qoramol
A herd of goats bir poda echki
Eslatma! Miqdor bildiruvchi otlar ham sanaladigan ham
sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlatilaveradi. Agar sanalmaydigan
otlar miqdori ko’pligi nazarda tutilsa, faqat uning oldidagi miqdor
so’z ko’plikda keladi. Ammo sanaladigan otlarda miqdor so’z ham
sanaladigan otning o’zi ham ko’plikda keladi.
e.g A can of oil – two cans of oil (two cans of oils
EMAS) A bunch of flowers – two bunches of
flowers

11
The police so’zi doim ko’plikda
ishlatiladi: The police are here.
Politsiya shu yerda.
The police have already come.
Politsiya allaqachon keldi.
Lekin:
A policeman has already come.
Bir politsiyachi allaqachon
keldi. There is a police car in
the street.
Ko’chada bir politsiya mashinasi bor.

Mashqlar

1. Otlarning ko’plik shaklini yozing.

1. a boy ……………. 8. a box ……………
.
2. a fly ……………. 9. a dress ……………
.
3. a wolf ……………. 10. a ……………
teacher .
4. a safe ……………. 11. a child ……………
.
5. a photo ……………. 12. a sheep ……………
.
6. a tomato ……………. 13. a mouse ……………
.
7. a pupil ……………. 14. a tooth ……………
.

2. Nuqtalar o’rniga kerali so’zni yozib iborani to’ldiring.

1. a …………… of flowers 5. a …………… of paper
2. a …………… of bread 6. a …………… of birds
3. a …………… of sugar 7. a …………… of water
4. a …………… of 8. a …………… of people
chocolate

3. Nuqtalar o’rniga is yoki are ni qo’yib to’ldiring.

1. people …….. 6. Physics ……..
2. The English …….. 7. mice ……..
3. many sheep …….. 8. a herd of goats ……..
4. The police …….. 9. scissors ……..
5. an oxe …….. 10. two pairs of trousers ………

Otlarda qaratqich kelishigi

‘s – ning
s’ – larning
My friend’s book - do’stimning kitobi
My friends’ books - do’stlarimning kitoblari
Our teacher’s advice - o’qituvchimizning
maslahati
Our teachers’ advice - o’qituvchilarimizning maslahati

13
E’tibor bering:
‘s - is va has ning qisqartirilgan shakli bo’lib kelishi ham
mumkin. Bu holda adashmaslik uchun tarjimaga e’tibor berish
kerak.
My friend’s a pupil = My friend is a pupil. (Do’stim
o’quvchi) My friend’s book (Do’stimning
kitobi)
My friend’s got a book = My friend has got a book. (Do’stimda kitob
bor)

Quyida berilgan gaplarning tarjimasini yozing.

1. This is Tom’s car ………………………………………………
2. Rara is a good girl. She’s got long hair ………………………………….
3. He’s a teacher ………………………………………………
4. My teacher’s name is Ravshan …………………………………………..
5. It’s my book. ………………………………………………
6. This is Behzod. He’s got a big house. …………………………………..

Odatda ‘s odatda jonli narsalarga qo’shiladi. Jonsiz narsalar bilan

esa of ishlatiladi:
Tom’s house Tomning uyi
My father’s car Otamning mashinasi
The roof of the house uyning tomi
The wheels of the car mashinaning g’ildiraklari
 Bir nechta ot kelsa oxirgisiga
qo’shiladi: Tom and Jerry’s house is big.
Tom va Jerrining uyi katta.
Aunt Jenny’s cakes are very
delicious. Jenni xolaning tortlari
juda mazali.

Lekin: Tom’s and Jerry’s houses are near each other.

Tomning va Jerrining uyi bir biriga yaqin.
 Kishilik olmoshlariga qo’shilganda -ning ma’nosini
bermaydi, chunki ularning egalikni ifodalaydigan alohida
shakli bor:
It’s = it is/it has Its - uning
He’s = he is/he has His - uning
She’s = she is/she has Her - uning
Who’s = who is/who has Whose - kimning

13
 Test 1

1. I have two … B) house of colour

A) sugar B) advices C) colour of house’s
C) boxs D) feet D) colour of the house
2. Many … love 11. I’ve bought … jeans.
Sunday. A) a pair of B) two
A) child B) childs C) a D) one
C) children D) 12. No news … good news.
childrens A) are B) is
3. … cry a lot. 13. There are a lot of … in
A) Baby B) Babies the fields.
C) Babys D) Babyes A) water B) information
4. Mr Adam has two C) ox D) sheep
… 14. I’d like to have … for lunch.
A) wives B) wifes A) fish B) fishes
C) wife D) wifees C) fishs D) fish’s
5. Are there any …?
A) egg B) egges
C) eggs D) eggees
6. There is a lot of … in the 15. Have you got much …?
fridge. A) sugar B) book
A) butter B) butters C) sheep D) friend
C) butteres D) a butter 16. How … scissors do you
7. There are a lot of … in have?
the forest. A) many B) much
A) information B) water 17. How … news do you have?
C) trees D) woman A) many B) much
8. Susan has … scissors. 18. She is a …
A) two B) a A) housewives B) houseswife
C) much D) a pair of C) housewife D) housewife’s
9. Let me give you a … of 19. I have some …
advice. A) tomato B) tomatos
A) bowl B) bar C) tomatoes D) tomato’s
C) piece D) lump 20. The police … looking for him.
10. The … is white. A) is B) are
A) house’s colour

5. Put some … in my tea.

A) sugars B) sugar
1. I have two … 6. Physics … a good subject.
A) book B) pen C) oxen A) is B) are
2. We have many …
A) fish B) dish C) box
3. There are three …
A) bus B) buses C) bus’s
4. There … many houses
here.
A) is B) are
Test 2

7. Where … my
spectacles?
A) is B) are
8. My … is long.
A) hair B) hairs
9. There … some sheep.
A) is B) are
10. There are 31 … in
December.
A) day B) days
11. There are …
leaves in that tree.
A) many B) much
12. I have four …

15
A) photo B) photoes 10. Do you know the … this new
C) photos film?
13. She has many … A) heroes B) heros
A) babies B) babys C) baby C) heroies D) hero’s
14. We have two … at home.
A) shoes B) sheeps
C) geese
15. I eat … rice every day.
A) many B) some
16. There is … traffic in
the street.

1. She gave me a bar of … .

A) paper B) water
C) chocolate D) advice
2. Tom gave Lucy a bunch of
….
A) chocolate B) flowers
C) advice D) birds
3. It is allowed to have four
… in some countries.
A) wifes B) wives
C) wife D) wivies
4. I have taken many … .
A) photoes B) photoies
C) photos D) photo
5. Yesterday I saw many … .
A) sheep B) sheeps
C) sheepes D) sheepies
6. Can you give me … socks?
A) one B) two
C) a pair of D) a
7. Tom and Jane have two …
.
A) childs B) childrens
C) childes D) children
8. My cat doesn’t like
catching …
.
A) mouses B) mices
C) mice D) mousies
9. No … is better than bad
one.
A) flowers B) news
C) days D) wives

15
 A) many B) much C) teeth D) teethes
17. … is beautiful metal. 20. Last week I bought … of jam.
A) Wolves B) Teeth C) Gold A) a piece B) a lump
18. We have two … C) a drop D) a jar
A) child B) childs C)
children
19. Time … money
A) is B) are
20. I have some …
A) newses B) news

Test 3

11. When is your …

birthday?
A) brother B) brothers’
C) brother’s D) brother is
12. … is light brown.
A) The roof of the house
B) The house’s roof
13. Whose are these?
A) Jane’s spectacles
B) Jane spectacles
C) Spectacles of Jane
D) Spectacles’ Jane
14. What colour is …?
A) the walls of the room
B) room’s walls
15. Do you know …?
A) Uzbekistan’s capital
B) the capital of Uzbekistan
16. They have much … .
A) books B) children
C) apples D) money
17. Children like
catching beautiful
…
A) butterflies B) butterflys
C) butterflyes D) butterflyies
18. Do you have two or three
…?
A) boxs B) boxes
C) boxies D) box
19. Every person has 32 … .
A) tooth B) toothes
 Test 4

1. Can I listen to … of music? A) money B) coffee

A) a sheet B) a piece C) oxen D) glass
C) a bar D) a can 10. There is … water in the river.
2. Ko’plik shakli to’g’ri A) much B) many
yasalgan otlar qatorini C) a few D) few
toping. 11. All my … are brilliant-white.
A) oxen, flies, safes A) tooth B) teeth
B) geese, babys, lifes C) toothes D) tooths
C) mouses, roofs, wolves 12. There … traffic in big cities.
D) tomatoes, chiefs, childs A) are many B) are much
3. Do you want …? C) is many D) is much
A) cup of a coffee 13. I’m going to buy a loaf of …
B) a cup of coffees A) paper B) bread
C) a cups of coffee C) jam D) sugar
D) a cup of coffee 14. My father’s a car. = …
4. There aren’t … fish in A) My father is a car
the aquarium. B) My father has a car
A) much B) many C) My father’s car
C) a D) a little D) My fathers’ car
5. Alice is … 15. My uncle has two … of
A) names of a girl cattle.
B) name’s girl A) sticks B) drops
C) a girl name C) crowds D) herds
D) a girls’ name 16. … speak French.
6. Look! There are a crowd A) France B) The Frenches
of … there. C) French D) The French
A) mans B) person’s 17. She has a few good …
C) people D) womens A) opinion B) information
7. For me morning is … C) news D) ideas
A) the day’s best part 18. I’m going to buy …
B) best day part spectacles.
C) the best part of the day A) two B) two pairs of
D) the best of the part day C) much D) two pair of
8. Ko’plik shakli bir xil yo’l 19. … have a lot of
bilan yasaladigan otlarni national traditions.
toping. A) Uzbek B) The Uzbek
A) toy, city, dictionary C) The Uzbeks D) One Uzbek
B) key, guy, holiday 20. He gave me …
C) wife, safe, life A) an advice B) some advices
D) child, tooth, umbrella C) two piece of advices
9. I have three… D) a piece of advice

17
 Adjective
Sifat
 Shaxs yoki buyumning rangini, ta’mini, belgi-xususiyatini, hajm-
o’lchovini bildirgan so’zlar sifat deyiladi.
Masalan: white, big, interesting, useful, long, clever, lazy
… Sifatlar ot oldida yoki alohida kelishi mumkin.
It is a beautiful flower. This flower is beautiful.
Bu chiroyli gul. Bu gul chiroyli.
She is a clever girl. This girl is clever.
U aqlli qiz. Bu qiz aqlli.
Otlarga o’xshab sifatlarda ko’plik shakli mavjud emas:
A different place – some different places (differents EMAS)
Sifatlarning 3 xil darajasi bor:
1. Oddiy daraja;
2. Qiyosiy daraja;
3. Orttirma daraja.

 Sifatlarning oddiy darajasi biror bir otga

taqqoslamasdan, ajratib ko’rsatmasdan umumiy ta’rif
berishda ishlatiladi:
This house is
big. Bu uy katta.
My car is new.
Mening mashinam yangi.

 Sifatlarning qiyosiy darajasi otlarni taqqoslashda

ishlatiladi:
This house is bigger than that
house. Bu uy u uyga qaraganda
kattaroq.
My car is newer than yours.
Mening mashinam senikidan yangiroq.
Sifatlarning qiyosiy darajasiga signal sifatida much/a little/a
bit/far/even va than larni keltirib o’tish mumkin.
This house is much bigger than that
house. Bu uy u uyga qaraganda ancha
kattaroq.

17
  Sifatlarning orttirma darajasi biror otni boshqalari
ichidan ajratib ko’rsatishda ishlatiladi:

This is the biggest house in our

street. Bu ko’chamizdagi eng
katta uy.
My car is the newest among the cars here.
Mening mashinam bu yerdagi mashinalar orasidan eng yangisi.
Sifatlarning orttirma darajasiga signal sifatida one of/of all/in
the world/I have ever … kabilarni keltirish mumkin.
This is the biggest house I have ever
seen. Bu men ko’rgan eng katta uy.
This is one of the newest cars in the
world. Bu dunyodagi eng yangi
mashinalardan biri.
Sifat darajalarining yasalishi
Sifat darajalari yasalishi jihatidan 3 xil turga bo’linadi:
1. bir bo’g’inli va ba’zi ikki bo’g’inli sifatlar;
2. ikki va undan ko’p bo’g’inga ega sifatlar;
3. o’zakdan o’zgaruvchi sifatlar.
 Oddiy darajada sifatlar hech qanday qo’shimcha
olmaydi: Long, big, interesting, difficult…
 Qiyosiy darajada birinchi turga mansub sifatlar –er/r
olib, orttirma darajada -est/st olib yasaladi:
Long – longer – the longest ( uzun)
High – higher – the highest
(baland) Big – bigger – the biggest
(katta)

Eslatma! –ow,-y, -le, -er qo’shimchalari bilan tugaydigan aksariyat ikki

bo’g’inli sifatlarga –er/-est qo’shiladi.
early-earlier- the earliest
easy-easier- the easiest
heavy-heavier-the heaviest
happy-happier-the
happiest
narrow-narrower- the
narrowest noble-nobler-the
noblest
clever-cleverer- the cleverest

 Ikkinchi turga mansub sifatlar qiyosiy darajada oldidan

more, orttirma darajada the most oladi:
Interesting – more interesting – the most interesting (qiziqarli)
Difficult – more difficult – the most difficult (qiyin)
Modern-more modern- the most modern (zamonaviy)
  Uchinchi turdagi sifatlar darajalanishda o’zakdan o’zgarish
orqali yasaladi:
Good – better – the best (yaxshi)
Bad – worse – the worst (yomon)
Little – less – the least (kam)
Many – more – the most (ko’p)
Much – more – the most (ko’p)
Far – farther/further – the farthest/ the furthest
(uzoq) Further – 2 xil tarjima qilinadi:
1) uzoqroq
2) qo’shimcha, keyingi, yana
AS … AS
 As … as -day, -dek, kabi deb tarjima qilinadi va teng
taqqoslashda ishlatiladi.Bunda as … as ning o’rtasida sifat
yoki ravishning oddiy darajasi ishlatiladi:
Istanbul is as beautiful as Paris.
Istanbul Parij kabi chiroyli.
Inkor shakli: not as … as (ba’zan not so …
as) English is not as difficult as Russian.
Ingliz tili Rus tili kabi qiyin emas.
 Twice, three times, … so’zlari bilan ham odatda as …
as ishlatiladi:
I’m twice as old as her.
Mening yoshim undan ikki barobar katta.
They have three times as many books as we do.
Ularda bizdagidan uch barobar kitob ko’p.
 As … as o’rtasidan ot kelsa, ot oldidan sanalish
yoki sanalmasligiga qarab many, much, few,
little keladi:
I don’t want to have as much money as you have.
Men sendagi kabi ko’p pulga ega bo’lishni xohlamayman.
Intelligent people usually don’t have as many friends as the
stupid do. Aqlli insonlarning axmoqlardagi kabi do’stlari ko’p
bo’lmaydi.
 The same … as o’rtasida otning bir o’zi
keladi: My birthday is on the same day as his.
Mening tug’ilgan kunim uniki bilan bir xil kunda.
 Sifatlar oldigan ravishlar kelib sifatning ma’nosini
kuchaytirishga xizmat qiladi. Bunda ravishlardan keyin
sifatning oddiy darajasi ishlatiladi:
Today the weather is very hot. Bugun havo juda
issiq. You are absolutely right. Siz mutlaqo haqsiz.

19
  The + (S.Q.D.) …, the + (S.Q.D.) …
Qancha …, shuncha
… The more you have, the more you
want.
Qancha ko’p narsaga ega bo’lsang, shuncha ko’p narsani xohlaysan.
The more you read, the cleverer you become.
Qancha ko’p o’qisang, shuncha aqlli bo’lasan.

 Quyidagi sifatlarga e’tibor bering. Sifatlar ing olish orqali

yoki fe’lning uchinchi shaklini olish orqali ham yasaladi.
Bunda -ing olgan sifat aktiv ma’no, V3 shaklidagi sifat passiv ma’no
beradi.
Interesting qiziqarli Tired charchagan
Interested qiziqqan Worrying xavotirli
Tiring charchatadigan Worried xavotirlangan

An interesting book - qiziqarli kitob (kitob qiziqtiradi - aktiv

ma’no) A tiring job – charchatadigan ish (ish charchatadi –
aktiv ma’no)

An interested boy – qiziqqan bola (bola qiziqtirilgan – passiv ma’no)

A tired man – charchagan odam (odam charchatilgan – passiv ma’no)

The work is interesting so I’m interested in

it. Ish qiziqarli shu sababli men unga
qiziqdim.
The situation was worrying and we were worried.
Vaziyat xavotirli edi va biz xavotirlandik.

Sifatlarning ot oldidagi tartibi

Bitta ot oldida bir nechta sifat kelganda ular quyidagi tartibda

joylashadi:

Son + Fikr + o’lcham + rang + material + OT

A beautiful tiny white cup

Chiroyli mitti oq chashka
A luxurious big blue stone castle
Hashamatli katta ko’p toshdan yasalgan
qasr A big black wooden table
katta qora yog’och stol
Two small red iron
chairs
Ikkita kichik qizil temir stullar
a- harfi bilan boshlanuvchi afraid, alone, asleep, awake, alive kabi
sifatlar odatda otlar oldidan kelmaydi:
The cat was asleep on the bed. (the asleep cat …
EMAS) The girs was afraid of dogs. (the afraid girl …
EMAS)
Ular o’rniga ularning sinonimlari ishlatiladi:
A sleeping cat uxlayotgan mushuk
A frightened girl qo’rqqan qiz
A lonely man yolg’iz odam
A wakeful woman uyg’oq ayol
A living creature tirik mavjudot

So va Such
 Bunday, shunday deb tarjima
qilinadi. So + sifat/ravish …(that)
Such + (artikl) + sifat + ot… (that)
You are so beautiful.
Sen juda chiroylisan.
You are such a beautiful
girl. Sen juda chiroyli
qizsan.
The book was so interesting that I couldn’t help buying
it. Kitob shunchalik qiziqarli ediku uni sotib olmasdan
turolmadim. It was such an interesting book that I
couldn’t help buying it.
Bu shunchalik qiziqarli kitob ediki, uni sotib olmasdan turolmadim.
 Lekin many va much bilan such kelolmaydi. Shu sababli
so ni ishlatamiz:
I have so many friends in New York.
New Yorkda mening do’stlarim juda
ko’p.
They had so much time that they needn’t have to hurry.
Ularning shunchalik vaqti ko’p ediki shoshilishlariga hojat yo’q edi.

Enough va too
 Enough yetarlicha deb tarjima qilinadi. Otlardan oldin
sifat va ravishlardan keyin keladi.
We have enough time.
Bizda yetarlicha vaqt
bor.
Our classroom isn’t wide enough for 60 children.
Bizning sinfxonamiz 60 ta o’quvchi uchun yetarlicha keng emas.
 Too juda, o’ta, haddan ortiq deb tarjima qilinadi. Sifat
va ravishlardan oldin keladi.
The coffee is too hot. I can’t drink it now.
Kofe juda issiq. Men uni hozir

21
icholmayman.
The weather is too cold. We can’t play
football. Havo juda sovuq. Biz futbol
uynolmaymiz.
 Bulardan keyin uchun ma’nosida ot va olmoshlar oldidan
for fe’llar oldidan to ishlatiladi:
This book is too difficult for me to understand.
Bu kitob men tushunishim uchun juda qiyinlik qiladi (men uni
tushunmayman)
The weather is warm enough to go
swimming. Havo cho’milishga borish uchun
yetarlicha iliq.

Rather va quite

Juda, butunlay deb tarjima qilinadi. Odatda rather salbiy,

quite esa ijobiy ma’noda ishlatiladi:
The weather is rather cold. I don’t want to go out.
Havo juda sovuq. Tashqariga chiqishni xohlamayman.
The weather is quite good. Let’s go for a walk.
Havo juda yaxshi. Keling piyoda sayrga chiqamiz.

Elder va eldest
Elder va eldest oilada farzandlarning tug’ilish tartibini
ko’rsatish uchun ishlatiladi. ‘to’ng’ich’, ‘katta’ ma’nolarida
ishlatiladi.
My elder brother has just got
married. Akam endigina uylandi.
His eldest daughter is a medical
student. Uning to’ng’ich qizi tibbiyot
talabasi.
Elder – katta;
Eldest –eng
kattasi.

Older/oldest
He’s three years older than me. (elder than me
EMAS) U mendan 3 yosh kattaroq.

23
 High va Tall
Tall – odatda biror narsaning odatdagidan balandroq ekanligini
ko’rsatish uchun ishlatiladi. Ko’p holatlarda buyi enidan uzunroq
bo’lgan narsalarga nisbatan ishlatiladi: tall people, tall trees,
tall buildings
Tall – quyidagilarga nisbatan ishlatiladi: people, trees, buildings,
ladders, animals
High – biror narsaning yerdan ancha balandda ekanligini ko’rsatish
uchun ishlatiladi. Ko’p holatlarda eni ancha keng bo’lgan, jonsiz
narsalarga nisbatan ishlatiladi: high mountains, high walls.
High – quyidagilarga ishlatiladi: fences, walls, mountains, hills,
ceilings, clouds
Steven is 1m 80cm tall.
The tree is about 20 m high.
How tall is Lionel Messi?
Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the
world. The prison is surrounded by very high walls
and fences. Atlas Cedars are tall trees.
Lekin: The tree is about 30m high.
Small va Little
Small – hajmni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi. U big va large so’zlarining
antonimi hisoblanadi.
A small dog kichkina it
A small house kichik uy
A small car kichik mashina
A small country kichik davlat
A small town kichik shaxarcha
A small cola kichkina kola (kichik
butilkada) In a small quantity kam miqdorda
A small number kam
Ella is the smallest girl in her class.
Ella sinfidagi eng kichkina qiz. (hajmga
nisbatan) That jacket is too small for you.
Bu kurtka siz uchun juda kichkina.
I prefer living in a small town than a big city.
Men katta shaxarda yashagandan ko’ra kichik shaxarchani ma’qul
ko’raman.
Little – odatda yoshni ifodalaydi. Bundan tashqari quyidagi
holatlarda ham ishlatiladi:
Mayda, ahamiyatsiz ma’nolarida:
Don’t care about little things – mayda narsalar haqida qayg’urmang.
Ravish bo’lib keladi:

23
Speak little, do much – kam gapir, ko’p
ishla. Little finger jimjiloq
The little hand of a clock soatning kichik
ko’rsatgichi Little brother uka
Little sister singil

She is seven years old = she is a seven-year-old

girl. There are three rooms in the flat = it is a
three-room flat.

Mashqlar

1. Nuqtalar o’rniga qavs ichidagi sifatlarning mos shaklini yozing.

1. My house is ……………….. than yours. (small)
2. ……………..… house in our town in ours. (big)
3. Our school is not............................(new)
4. “Grammarland” is a...................book. (good)
5. The Arabic language is .......................... language in the
world. (good)
6. London is not as …………………….. as Istanbul. (beautiful)

2. Nuqtalar o’rniga qavs ichida berilgan so’zlardan mosini yozing.

1. I am …………. short to play basketball. (too, enough, so, such)
2. Bukhara is not ............. a big city. (so, such)
3. Learning English is not …………… difficult. (so, such)
4. We have …………….. money to buy books. (too, enough)
5. David is my................................brother. (older, elder)
6. My son is ten years old. He is........................................boy.
7. Do you see that ……………… girl? She is my sister.
(dancing, danced)
8. This is a...............................................box. (iron, big, red)
9. I am 1m 70 cm …………. (high, tall)
10. This car is ……….. expensive. I can’t buy it. (too, enough)

3. Ushbu gaplarni ingliz tiliga tarjima qiling.

1. Bu men o’qigan eng qiziqarli kitob.
2. Bizning maktabimiz juda katta.
3. Annaning sochi senikidan uzunroq.
4. Bu sen o’ylaganingdek qiyin emas.
5. Qancha ko’p o’qisang, shuncha aqlliroq bo’lasan.
6. Mening yoshim senikidan ikki marta kattaroq.
7. Menda 2 xonali kvartira bor.
8. Xona 30 kishi uchun yetarlicha keng.
 Test 1

1. Diana is much taller A) tall B) taller

… Charles. C) tallest D) the tallest
A) as B) then 12. My brother is … than your
C) than D) of all brother.
2. This book is … than that A) lazy B) lazier
one. C) more lazier D) laziest
A) good B) gooder 13. The … you eat, the …
C) best D) better you will get.
3. This bread is bad, but A) most/fattest B) many/fat
that bread is … C) much/fattest D) more/fatter
A) badder B) bad 14. I like my friend because
C) worse D) worst he is very …
4. Moscow is far but Sydney is A) smart B) smarter
… C) the smartest
A) further B) more far D) the most smartest
C) farer D) farest 15. She is … girl in our class.
5. She is … more beautiful A) the most beautiful
than her mother. B) more beautiful
A) more B) much C) beautifuler
C) most D) the most D) beautiful
6. Bukhara is one of … cities 16. Tom is … than me,
in the world. but Robert is the… of all.
A) beautiful A) young/more young
B) the more beautiful B) more young/ most young
C) the most beautiful C) young/youngest
D) beautifullest D) younger/ youngest
7. This is … film I’ve 17. A horse is … than
ever watched. an elephant.
A) interesting A) more fast B) fastest
B) more interesting C) faster D) most fast
C) the most interesting 18. David is as … as Jack,
D) interestinger but Alex is … than them.
8. Of all sofas, this sofa is … A) cleverer/cleverest
A) nice B) nicer B) more clever/most clever
C) the nicer D) the nicest C) clever/ cleverer
9. I’m not short. I’m … tall D) clever/more clever
as you are. 19. Silver is not as… as gold.
A) so B) much C) more D) as A) heaviest B) heavyer
10. Mexico is … country C) heavy D) heavier
in Central America. 20. We visited the… temple
A) big B) bigger in the world.
C) the bigger D) the biggest A) most old B) oldest
11. My house is as … as C) more old D) older
your house.

25
 Test 2

1. Tom is … than Susan. 11. I bought a book yesterday. It

A) more polite B) polite is …
C) the most polite D) politest A) wonderful
2. This is … meal I have B) more wonderful
ever had. C) most wonderful
A) delicious D) the more wonderful
B) the most delicious 12. My car is as … as yours.
C) more delicious A) new B) newer
D) deliciousest C) newest D) the newest
3. The tea is … 13. Lily is … girl among
A) warmer B) warm her friends.
C) warmest D) the warmest A) kind B) kinder
4. This is one of … hotels in C) the kindest D) most kind
the world. 14. He's ... intelligent than
A) luxurious my brother.
B) more luxurious A) most B) good
C) the most luxurious C) better D) more
D) most luxurious 15. Who is ... important person
5. There are many houses in D) most wealthiest
our town but our house is …
of all.
A) tall B) more taller
C) most tall D) the tallest
6. The weather is much …
today than yesterday.
A) lovely B) more lovely
C) most lovely D) loveliest
7. Don’t drive so fast. It is …
A) dangerous
B) more dangerous
C) most dangerous
D) the most dangerous
8. My bag is a little …
than yours.
A) heavy B) heavier
C) the heaviest D) more
heavier
9. You are … than your
brother.
A) tall B) more tall
C) tallest D) taller
10. He is the … man in the
city.
A) wealthy
B) wealthiest
C) wealthier
in the history of your country?
A) more B) less
C) the most D) much
16. I think it is ...
beautiful flower I've
ever seen.
A) more B) most
C) the most D) the best
17. I think the cotton of
Uzbekistan is one of ... in
the world.
A) better B) good
C) the best D) the goodest
18. English grammar is ...
than Russian.
A) easy B) easier
C) the easiest D) as easy as
19. This book is … better
than yours.
A) much B) more
C) many D) most
20. We have ... money than
they have.
A) little B) much
C) less D) few

27
 Test 3

1. English is … than D) a beautiful

other languages. 10. It is … news I have
A) popular B) much popular ever heard. It is terrible.
C) more popular A) pleasant
D) the most popular B) more pleasant
2. She is as … as a flower. C) the most pleasant
A) beautiful D) the least pleasant
B) more beautiful 11. … pupil in our class
C) most beautiful is Helen.
D) the most beautiful A) Good B) The best
3. This is … interesting book C) Better D) The worse
in the world. 12. This test is more … than
A) more B) much I imagined.
C) the most D) most A) better B) cleverer
4. The weather today is much C) difficult D) badly
… 13. He has never spent a …
A) good B) better day than this so far.
C) best D) the best A) more worried
5. … you hurry, … B) many worrying
mistakes you’ll make. C) more worrying
A) Many/many D) most worried
B) More/more 14. The football match was quite
C) The most/the most …. I enjoyed it.
D) The more/the more A) exciting B) excited
6. I have got as … as you C) excite D) excitedly
have. 15. … box.
A) books B) much book A) a small black metal
C) a book D) many books B) a black small metal
7. This new chair is very ... . C) a metal small black
A) more comfortable D) a black metal small
B) most comfortable 16. This film is boring. I want
C) comfortable to watch something …
D) least comfortable A) most interesting
8. He is ... swimmer but B) much interesting
my brother is ... swimmer C) the least interesting
in his group. D) more interesting
A) a good / the best 17. My shirt is the same …
B) the best / best as yours.
C) better / better A) more colours
D) better / the best B) much colours
9. There was … house C) many colour
among these houses. D) colour
A) the most beautiful
B) more beautiful
C) the more beautiful
18. I live in a small house, A) most funniest B) most funny
but my sister’s house is even C) more funny D) funniest
... 20. Muhammad Salah is
A) most small B) smaller … football player in the
C) smallest D) more small world.
19. This joke is the … joke A) better B) the best
I’ve ever heard. C) most good D) more good
Test 4
A) too B) enough
1. This is a … difficult C) such D) quite
question. I can’t answer it.
A) so B) rather C) quite D) 10. He has … tools to repair this
such car.
2. I have … books to read A) too B) enough C) such D) very
during the quarantine. 11. My problem is … difficult to
A) rather B) quite solve.
C) enough D) too
3. The coffee is … hot. I
can’t drink it now.
A) too B) enough C) such D)
as
4. The weather is … to go
to swim.
A) such warm B) enough
warm
C) warm enough D) so
warmer
5. I have … many
friends abroad.
A) such B) rather
C) so D) enough
6. Because of being …
she couldn’t do her
homework.
A) tiring B) tired
C) tire D) to tire
7. Do you have a … … …
dress?
A) red/beautiful/silky
B) beautiful/silky/red
C) silky/beautiful/red
D) beautiful/red/silky
8. This task is … difficult that
I cannot do it.
A) so B) such C) such a D) so
a
9. She is … lovely person.
A) such a B) so C) so a D)
such
12. This book is … …
A) enough interesting
B) interesting enough
C) too an interesting
D) such an interesting
13. Her speech is too unclear
…
A) for understanding
B) to understand
C) understanding
D) understand
14. My day was … good,
because I met my best
teacher.
A) quite B) rather
C) such D) too
15. I was … angry,
because I couldn’t solve
my problem.
A) quite B) rather
C) such D) so an
16. My job is very …
A) tired B) tiring C) tire D)
tires
17. The cup is …
A) break B) broke
C) broken D) breaking
18. You can see … streets
early in the morning.
A) alone B) lonely C) one D) a
19. I am … her.
A) as older as B) old than
C) twice as old as
D) twice older than
20. Are there any …
questions?
A) farther B) far
C) further D) the furthest
 Adverbs
Ravish
 Ravish deb ish-harakatning qanday? qayerda? qachon? sodir
bo’lganini bildiruvchi so’zlarga aytiladi.
Ravishlarning tub va yasama shakllari mavjud.
Tub ravishlar hech qanday qo’shimcha qo’shilmagan
ravishlardir: Fast tez
Well yaxshi
Hard qattiq
Soon tez orada
Now hozir
Yasama ravishlar odatda sifatlarga -ly qo’shish orqali
yasaladi: Slow – slowly sekin
Quick – quickly tez
Quiet – quietly tinch, jimjit
Easy – easily oson
Sudden – suddenly to’satdan
Awful – awfully juda yomon
Ba’zi –ly bilan tugagan so’zlar sifatlar hisoblanadi:
Costly qimmat Lonely yolg’iz
Cowardly Lovely chiroyli; ajoyib
qo’rqoq Silly axmoq, tentak
Friendly mehribon; do’stona Ugly xunuk, tasqara
Likely ehtimoli mavjud Unlikely ehtimoldan
bo’lgan Deadly o’limga olib yiroq; ishonish qiyin bo’lgan
boradigan Lively quvnoq,
jo’shqin
She gave me a friendly
smile.
U menga do’stona tabassum hadya
etdi. This is a deadly poison.
Bu o’ldiradigan zahar.

Ushbu sifatlarning darajalari quyidagicha yasaladi:

Silly sillier the silliest

Ugly uglier the ugliest
Lovely lovelier the loveliest
Lively livelier the liveliest
Lonely lonelier the loneliest
Friendly friendlier the friendliest
Early earlier the ealiest
 Daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early kabi so’zlar ham sifat
ham ravish hisoblanadi:
It’s a daily newspaper.
Bu har kuni chiqadigan
gazeta. This newspaper comes
out daily. Bu gazeta har kuni
chiqadi.
Ravishlarning quyidagi shakllari mavjud:

 Holat ravishlari – ish-harakatning qanday sodir

bo’lganini ko’rsatadi. (How so’rog’iga javob bo’ladi):
Well (yaxshi), fast (tez), quickly (tez), slowly (sekin), quietly (ohista),
easily (osonlik bilan), hardly (zo’rg’a), hurriedly (shoshib)…
 Well so’zi sifat bo’lib kelishi ham mumkin. Unda sog’ligi
yaxshi ma’nosida keladi.
- I’ve heard you’ve been ill. How are you?
- I’m well now.
Sizni kasal bo’libsiz deb eshitdim.
Qandaysiz? Hozir yaxshiman.
 Fast, hard, late, far, near, early, free, high kabilar ham
sifat ham ravish bo’lib kela oladi:
Fast food tez pishiriladigan ovqat (sifat)
To run fast tez yugurmoq (ravish)
Hard time qiyin vaqt (sifat)
To work hard qattiq ishlamoq (ravish)
Early train barvaqt ketadigan poyezd (sifat)
To come early barvaqt kelmoq (ravish)

Ushbu so’zlarga –ly qo’shib yangi so’z hosil qilinganda

ma’no o’zgaradi:

Hard – qattiq; qiyin

You should study hard.
Sen qattiq o’qishing
kerak. Hardly – zo’rg’a,
arang
It’s dark in here. I can hardly see
you. Bu yer qorong’u. Seni zo’rg’a
ko’ryapman. Late – kech
He usually comes to the lesson very
late. U odatda darsga juda kech
keladi.
Lately – yaqinda
Near – yaqin
Our school is near our
house. Maktabimiz
uyimizga yaqin.
Nearly – qariyb, deyarli
I have nearly finished the
book. Men kitobni deyarli
tugatdim.
Free – bepul; ozod; bo’sh; -siz
You can eat free in my restaurant.
Sen mening restaranimdan bepul ovqatlanishing
mumkin. Freely - erkin, bemalol
You can speak freely – I won’t tell anyone.
Sen bemalol gapiraverishing mumkin – men hech kimga
aytmayman. High – baland, balandga
He can jump very high.
U juda baland sakray oladi.
Highly – juda, judayam (very

 O’rin-joy ravishlari – ish-harakatning qayerda

bajarilganini ko’rsatadi. (Where so’rog’iga javob bo’ladi):
Here (shu yerda), there (u yerda), inside (ichkarida), outside
(tashqarida), above (tepada)…

 Payt ravishlari – ish-harakatning qachon bajarilganini

ko’rsatadi. (When so’rog’iga javob bo’ladi):
Now (hozir), then (so’ngra; o’shanda), today (bugun), yesterday
(kecha), tomorrow (ertaga), lately (yaqinda), recently (yaqinda)…

 O’lchov va dajara ravishlari – ish-harakatning daraja-

miqdorini ifodalaydi. (How many, How much so’roqlaridan
biriga javob bo’ladi):
Much (ko’p), little (kam), a little (biroz), a lot (ko’p), too (o’ta),
very (juda) …

Ravishlarning darajalanish qoidalari sifatlarniki bilan bir xil:

Fast – faster – fastest (tez)
Easily – more easily – most easily (osonlik bilan)
Well – better – best (yaxshi)
Badly – worse – worst (yomon)

If you help me I can do this work more easily.

Menga yordam bersang bu ishni osonroq bajara olaman.

31
 Odatda ravishlarning orttirma darajasi oldida artikl
kelmaydi.
Chunki, ravishlar otlar bilan kelmaydi, artikl esa otning
ko’rsatgichi hisoblanadi.
I work most efficiently in the early
morning. Men ertalab barvaqt eng
samalari ishlayman. The truth hurts most.
Haqiqat eng ko’p ozor beradi.

Lekin: boshqalar ichidan ajratib ko’rsatish ma’nosida aniq

artikl (the) kelishi ham mumkin.
They all talk a lot, but your little sister talks (the) most.
Ularning hammasi ko’p gapiradi, lekin singlingiz eng ko’p
 Ravishlar sifat oldidan kelib uning ma’nosini kuchaytirib
kelishi mumkin:
The day is very hot. (very – ravish, hot –
sifat) Kun juda issiq.
You are absolutely right. (absolutely – ravish, right –
sifat) Siz mutloqo haqsiz.
It’s terribly cold today. (terribly – ravish, cold –
sifat) Bugun juda sovuq.

 Odatda sifatlar otlar bilan ravishlar esa fe’llar bilan keladi.

Lekin ba’zi fe’llardan keyin ko’pincha sifatlar ishlatiladi. Bu
fe’llarni shartli ravishda ikki guruhga bo’lish mumkin.
1) quyidagi his-hayajon fe’llar:
Seem – You seem tired charchaganga o’xshaysiz.
Feel – I feel good o’zimni yaxshi his
qilyapman. Sound – It sounds strange g’alati tuyulyapti.
Taste – The meal tastes delicious ovqatning ta’mi
shirin. Smell – The cake smells good tortning hidi
yaxshi Look – You look beautiful ko’rinishingiz chiroyli

2) bo’lmoq; bo’lib qolmoq ma’nosini beruvchi

fe’llar: Be – The car is new. Mashina yangi.
Get – The weather is getting colder. Havo
soviyapti. Turn – It turned beautiful. U
go’zallashdi. Become – She is becoming tired.
U charchayapti. Go – She is going older. U
qariyapti.
Grow – I am growing stronger. Men kuchga to’lyapman.
 Mashqlar

1. Nuqtalar o’rniga qavs ichidagi so’zlardan mosini topib yozing.

1. I know English very …………… (good, well)
2. Don’t hurry! Walk …………. (slow, slowly)
3. He is sitting ………………. in the corner. (quiet, quietly)
4. You must run ………………. in the race. (fast, quick, fastly)
5. We can do this job..................................(easy, easily)

2. Nuqtalar o’rniga qavs ichidagi so’zlardan mosini topib yozing.

1. a ……………….. smile (friend, friendly)
2. ……………… work (hard, hardly)
3. a ……………… boy (coward, cowardly)
4. work.......................(good, hard, quick)
5. ……………. sorry (awful, awfully)
6. run............................(quick, quickly)
7. ………………… poison (deadly, awfully)
8. ……………….. train (early, quickly)

3. Nuqtalar o’rniga qavs ichidagi so’zlardan mosini topib yozing.

1. He is a good student. He studies....................................(hard, hardly)
2. He has broken his leg so he is walking ………………… (hard,
hardly)
3. Our teacher doesn’t like students who are ………………
for the lesson. (late, lately)
4. I miss my granny. We haven’t visited her...........................(late, lately)
5. I live not far from the school. It is..........................(near, nearly)
6. David is …………………… asleep. (near, nearly)
7. We have ……………… internet in our course (free, freely)
8. We can talk to our teacher ……………….. He is very kind.
(free, freely)
9. Eagles can fly very.....................................(high, highly)
10. His classmates think very ………………… of him. (high, highly)

4. Nuqtalar o’rniga qavs ichidagi so’zlardan mosini topib yozing.

1. Honey is......................................(sweet, sweetly)
2. My father is getting ……… (weaker, more weakly)
3. It is getting ……………….. (late, lately)
4. I came …………….. for the lesson yesterday. (late, lately)
5. The weather seems ………………….. (warm, warmly)
6. The sun is shining ……………………. (warm, warmly)
7. She has a good voice. She can sing very......................(nice, nicely)
8. Her voice sounds …………………. (nice, nicely)
9. The room was ……………………. cold. (terrible, terribly)
10. The meal tastes.................................(delicious, deliciously)

33
 Test 1
Adverbs Test

1. You must run … to C) lovely

catch him. 12. Tagiga chizilgan iboraning
A) quick B) fastly C) quickly sinonimini toping.
2. I can do this work … We have lessons seven days
than you. a week.
A) easier B) easilier A) daily B) weekly C) monthly
C) more easily 13. He came to the lesson …
3. The dinner you’ve A) hurry B) hurried
made smells … C) hurriedly
A) good B) goodly C) well 14. Day by day she’s becoming
4. You speak English very … …
A) good B) well C) better A) more and more cleverly
5. She reads books … B) more cleverly
A) slowly B) slow C) slowlier C) cleverer and cleverer
6. Let’s go to bed … today. 15. It was … dark outside.
A) earlier B) more early A) complete B) completely
C) more earlier 16. You have done the work
7. She sings … of all. … than your brother.
A) beautiful B) beautifully A) bad B) badly C) worse
C) the most beautifully 17. The idea sounds …
8. I have … forgot your name. A) interesting B) interestingly
A) complete B) completely 18. If you want to be rich,
C) more complete you must work …
9. I … began to feel better A) hard B) hardly
again. 19. We’ve bought some
A) slow B) slowly C) slowest new books …
10. I don’t remember him very A) late B) lately
… 20. I … lost my keys.
A) good B) better C) well A) stupidly B) stupid
11. Her dress was …
A) beautifully B) nicely
 Test 2
Adjectives and Adverbs

1. You must study … to C) more coldly D) coldly

be a student.
11. We need … educated
A) enough hard workers.
B) hardly enough A) high B) tall C) highly D) big
C) enough hardly 12. Can you speak a bit
D) hard enough …, please?
2. They say that … expensive A) quick B) fastly
is the wedding, … will be the C) slow D) faster
marriage. 13. Whom of your parents do
A) the most/ the shortest you like …?
B) many/short A) the more B) many
C) the more/the shorter C) most D) much
D) more/shorter 14. Ann, today you look …
3. When I was young I used A) beautifully
to draw …. B) more beautifully
A) very good B) very well C) beautiful
C) beautiful D) more beautiful
D) beauty
4. I don’t have as … as he
15. Tom is … than
has.
his classmates.
A) many money B) money A) littler B) smaller
C) more money D) much C) higher D) less
money
16. I’m 40 years old and my
5. I’ve always … enjoyed sister is 20. She is …
his novels.
A) as old as I
A) greatly B) greater
B) older than me
C) greatest D) great
C) twice my age
6. You must do this work as
D) half my age
… as possible.
A) quick B) quicker 17. … pupil in our class is
Helen.
C) more quickly D) quickly
A) Good B) The best
7. Which book do you think is
… one in the library? C) Better D) Worse
A) good B) gooder 18. You are more …
C) the best D) bad than I imagined.
A) better B) cleverer
8. My car is … than his
and yours. C) beautiful D) awfully
A) the best B) better 19. She spoke so … so I
C) good D) well could … understand her.
A) loud/hard
9. Today the weather is
much … than yesterday. B) slow/hardly
A) more hotter B) worst C) beautiful/harder
C) colder D) warm D) fast/hardly
10. Let’s go home. It’s 20. During the quarantine
getting … outside. period we can’t walk … in the
A) coldest B) colder street.
35
A) free B) freely
C) more free D) most freely
 Test 3

1. He is one of … friends C) long D) the longest

of mine. 12. Could you talk …, please?
A) the best B) well A) more quietly B) quiet
C) better D) good C) many quietly D) most quiet
2. It’s … seven o’clock. 13. I like Betty and Jane,
A) near B) close but I think Jane is … of
C) nearly D) closely the two.
3. The train leaves A) nicer B) nice
the station … C) the nicest D) nicely
A) hour B) hourly 14. … money he makes,
C) hours D) more hour … things he buys.
4. - Is your headache …? A) Much/useless
- No, It’s worse. B) Many/much useless
A) good B) better C) The most/the
C) best D) the best most useless
5. It was a … successful D) The more/the
season for them. more useless
A) high B) highest 15. She thinks she’s … girl
C) most highly D) highly in the world.
6. Yesterday I worked … A) beautiful
A) a lot of B) very many B) more beautiful
C) several D) a lot C) the most beautiful
7. Don’t talk … D) the most beautifully
A) very many B) too much 16. She’s … person ever
C) a lot of D) never to swim the Channel.
8. Have you … to buy A) young B) the youngest
the book? C) younger D) youngest
A) enough money 17. She gave me a … smile.
B) money enough A) friend B) more friend
C) more money enough C) friendly D) most friendly
D) few money 18. It’s … cold today.
9. You usually come very… A) terribly B) terrible
A) latest B) later C) more terrible D) most terribly
C) lately D) late 19. I haven’t been to
10. This coffee is too hot … the theatre much …
you A) late B) later
… drink. C) lately D) latest
A) for/to B) to/to 20. I hate arriving …
C) for/for D) to/for A) lately B) late
11. You can stay as … C) more lately D) more late
as you like.
A) longer B) longest

37
 Test 4

1. A girl who is seven years A) enough wide

old is … girl. B) wide enough
A) seven year old. C) enough widely
B) a seven-years-old D) widely enough
C) seven-year-old 11. Let’s get a taxi. It’s … far
D) a seven-year-old to walk home from here.
2. The football match was A) too B) enough C) such D) as
quite 12. There were … many
…. questions to answer so I
I enjoyed it. couldn’t answer them
A) enjoy B) enjoyed all.
C) enjoying D) enjoyingly A) enough B) too
3. … chair. C) so D) such
A) a small brown wooden 13. I’ve painted … many
B) a brown small wooden rooms today.
C) a wooden small brown A) so B) such C) enough D) as
D) a brown wooden small 14. You can’t drive. You are
4. I always feel … when the … young.
sun is shining. A) so B) such C) enough D) too
A) happy B) happily 15. The Browns have … much
C) more happily D) most money that they can even buy
happy a private plane.
5. Everything was very A) so B) such C) enough D) too
quiet. There was … silence. 16. Is this box … for you
A) complete B) completely to carry?
6. I think you behaved very … A) light enough B) enough light
A) selfish B) selfishly C) so light D) such light
C) more selfish D) more 17. I’ve never seen …
selfishly many people at a concert.
7. I got up ... this morning. A) so B) such C) too D) enough
A) late B) lately 18. There was … a lot of
C) more later D) most lately trouble that the police were
8. There was nothing to eat in called.
the fridge. We … found any A) so B) such C) enough D) too
food. 19. How nice to be back
A) hard B) hardly home! We’ve missed it …
C) harder D) hardest much.
9. It was … good book that A) too B) such C) enough D) so
I couldn’t put it down. 20. Thank you … much!
A) so B) so a A) so B) such C) enough D) too
C) such D) such a
10. This sofa isn’t … for
three people to sit on.

37
 Numerals
Sonlar
Predmetning miqdorini yoki tartibini bildirgan so’zlar sonlar
deyiladi. Cardinal numerals (sanoq yoki dona sonlar):
One 1 Sixteen 16
Two 2 Seventeen 17
Three 3 Eighteen 18
Four 4 Nineteen 19
Five 5 Twenty 20
Six 6 Twenty-one 21
Seven 7 Twenty-two 22
Eight 8 …
Nine 9 Thirty 30
Ten 10 Forty 40
Eleven 11 Fifty 50
Twelve 12 Sixty 60
Thirteen 13 Seventy 70
Fourteen 14 Eighty 80
Fifteen 15 Ninety 90

13 dan 19 gacha bo’lgan sonlar –teen qo’shish orqali

yasaladi. 20 dan 90 gacha bo’lgan sonlar esa –ty qo’shish
orqali yasaladi.

A hundred yoki one hundred 100

A thousand yoki one thousand 1000
A million yoki one million 1000 000

 Bu sonlar oldidan ko’plikdagi raqam kelsa ham bularga –

s qo’shilmaydi:
Two hundred ikki yuz
Five thousand besh ming
Ten million o’n million
Lekin: Bulardan keyin kelgan otlar ko’plik shaklda
bo’ladi: Two hundred books ikki yuzta kitob
Five thousand dollars besh ming
dollar Ten million people o’n million
odam
 Yuzlab, minglab ma’nolarida ni oladi. Bu holatda bu
sonlar oldidan biror raqam kelmaydi:
Hundreds of people - yuzlab odam (two hundreds of people
EMAS). Thousands of books – minglab kitob (thousand of books
EMAS) Millions of houses – millionlab uylar (millions houses
EMAS)
  Uch xonali yoki undan katta sonlarning o’nliklaridan oldin
(agar ular bo’lmasa birliklaridan oldin) and bog’lovchisi
qo’yiladi:
199 one hundred and ninety-nine
2201 two thousand two hundred and one
5785 five thousand seven hundred and eighty-five

 Telefon raqamlarni aytishda har bir raqam alohida

o’qiladi: 4123400 – four one two three four double oh (AmE:
zero) 8359732 – eight three five nine seven three two

A half – yarim (ko’pligi: halves)

A quarter – chorak (ko’pligi: quarters)
A dozen – 12 ta (ko’pligi: dozens)
A score – 20 ta (ko’pligi: scores)
A fortnight – 2 hafta (ko’pligi:
fortnights) A decade – 10 yil; 10 ta
(ko’pligi: decades) A century - asr
(ko’pligi: centuries)
A millennium - ming yil (ko’pligi: millennia)

A dozen eggs – 12 ta tuxum

Two dozen eggs – 24 ta tuxum
Half a dozen eggs – 6 ta tuxum
Dozens of eggs – 12 talab
tuxum

They stayed with us for a fortnight.

Ular biz bilan 2 hafta qolishdi.
The prisoners were divided into decades.
Mahbuslar 10 talik guruhlarga bo’lindi.
He has been teaching for over a decade.
U 10 yildan oshiqroq vaqtdan beri dars
o’tadi. The book is a history of the last two
millennia.
Bu kitob so’nggi ikki ming yillikning tarixi hisoblanadi.

Ordinal numerals (Tartib sonlar): 8- the eighth 8th

1- the first 1st 9- the ninth 9th
2- the second 2nd
3- the third 3rd
4- the fourth 4th
5- the fifth 5th
6- the sixth 6th
7- the seventh 7th

39
10- tenth 10th
11- eleventh 11th
12- twelfth 12th
…
20-twentieth

20th 30-thirtieth

30th
…
100-hundredth 100th
  Ot tartib sondan oldin kelganda tartib son sanoq songa
aylanadi va artikl tushib qoladi:
The first lesson - Lesson one
The second chapter - Chapter
two The third unit - Unit three
The fourth classroom - Classroom four
 Yillar odatda ikkiga bo’lib o’qiladi:
800 (the year) eight hundred
1400 fourteen hundred
1501 fifteen oh one
1840 eighteen forty
1991 nineteen ninety-one
2000 two thousand
2005 twenty oh five/two thousand and five
2018 twenty eighteen/two thousand and
eighteen
Quyidagilarni eslab qoling:

1/2 a half
1/3 a/one third
1/4 a/one quarter
1/5 a/one fifth
2/3 two thirds
3/5 three fifths

1/2 Every other har ikkitadan bittasi

1/3 Every third har uchtadan bittasi
1/4 Every fourth har to’rttadan bittasi

0.4 nought point four

0.375 nought point three seven five
4.7 four point seven
£3.75 three pounds seventy-five
(pence) 5p five pence
$10 ten dollars
Matematik hisob-kitoblar:
2+2=4 two plus two equals/is four (formal)
7-4=3 four minus seven equals/is three. (formal)
3 x 4=12 three multiplied by four equals/is twelve.
(formal) 9÷3=3 nine divided by three equals/is three. (formal)
 0 bilan tugagan yillarga –s qo’shilishi mumkin. Bunda aniq
artikl (the) bilan keladi:
In the1990s to’qsoninchi yillarda
Since the 2000s ikki minginchi yildan
beri
41
 Quyidagilarni ham eslab qoling

He is in his thirties.
U 30 yoshlarda (30,31,32,…39 yoshlar
orasida) When I was in my early twenties…
20-24 yoshlar atrofida
bo’lganimda… When I was in my
late twenties…
26-29 yoshlar atrofida
bo’lganimda… The music of the 90s.
To’qsoninchi yillar musiqasi (90,91,92,…99 yillar
musiqasi) In the early XX century.
20 asrning
boshlarida. In the
 Chiziqcha bilan sifatlar yasalganda ko’plik qo’shimchasini
olmaydi. Artikl otga qarab qo’yiladi. Agar ot birlikdagi
sanaladigan ot bo’lsa ‘a/an’, ko’plikdagi yoki sanalmaydigan
ot bo’lsa artikl kelmaydi:
A three-room flat uch xonali
kvartira A ten-year-old boy o’n yasharli
bola A two-hour lesson ikki soatli dars
Three-room flats uch xonali
kvartiralar Ten-year-old boys o’n yasharli
bolalar Two-hour lessons ikki soatli darslar

Per cent va percentage

 Per cent. Odatda per cent kabi ajratib yoziladi.
Ko’plik qo’shimchasini olmaydi. Raqamlar bilan
keladi.
80 per cent 80 foiz
50 per cent 50 foiz
Poor families spend about 80 to 90 per cent of their income on
food. Kambag’al oilalar daromadlarining taxminan 80 foizdan 90
foizigacha oziq-ovqatga sarflashadi.
American English da percent qo’shib yoziladi.

 Percentage. Raqamlar bilan kelmaydi. Ko’plik

qo’shimchasini olishi mumkin.
A high percentage of women are part-time workers.
Ayollarning ko’p foizi yarim stavkada ishlaydigan lar
hisoblanadi. A greater percentage of our pupils became
students last year.
O’quvchilarimizning ko’proq foizi (qismi) o’tgan yil talaba bo’ldi.

41
 a/an … and a half – bir yarim …
An hour and a half – bir yarim soat
A year and a half – bir yarim yil

Pul, masofa va vaqt kabi o’lchov va miqdorlarni ifodalovchi

so’zlardan keyin odatda birlikdagi fe’l ishlatiladi:
Three years is enough to learn
English. Uch yil ingliz tilini o’rganish
uchun yetarli.
Five thousand dollars isn’t enough to buy a luxurious car.
Besh ming dollar qimmatbaho mashina sotib olish uchun yetarli

Some va about so’zlari sonlar oldidan kelsa, ‘taxminan’ deb

tarjima qilinadi:
There were some/about 100 people in the
party. Darsda taxminan 100 tacha odam bor
edi.

‘0’ odatda British Englishda ‘nought’ deb, American

Englishda ‘zero’ deb ataladi. Raqamlarni alohida
aytganimizda ko’pincha ‘oh’ deb aytiladi.
My account number is four one three oh six. (41306)
Harorat o’lchashda ‘zero’ deb aytiladi. Bu holatda ‘zero’
so’zidan keyin ko’plikdagi ot keladi:
Zero degrees Celsius - 0 daraja Selsiy

Mashqlar

1. Quyidagi sonlarni so’z bilan yozing.

1. The 12th ……………………………………………………………….
2. The 49th ……………………………………………………………….
3. the year (1975) ……………………………………………………….
4. number ( 5839) ………………………………………………………
5. 5/8 ……………………………………………………………………...
6. 0.85 …………………………………………………………………….
7. 3.9 ………………………………………………………………………
8. the 1980s ……………………………………………………………..
9. 45 % ……………………………………………………………………
10. 1.5 hours (phrase) ………………………………………………..
 Test 1
1. … of people were
sitting quietly in the hall. B) the forty-nineth
C) the forty ninth
A) Five hundreds B) Hundreds A) the fourty-ninth
C) Hundred D) Five hundred
2. Eggs are cheap. I bought ….
A) two dozens B) two dozen
C) two a dozen
D) two dozens of them
3. He wrote a … report.
A) five-thousand-words
B) five-thousands-word
C) five-thousands-words
D) five-thousand-word
4. Next week, we are going
to study ….
A) Lesson Nine
B) Lesson Ninth
C) Lesson Nineth
D) the nineth lesson
5. About … of the workers
are young people.
A) third-fifths B) three-fifth
C) three-fifths D) third-fifth
6. About … old people died
of the flu last winter.
A) two thousand of
B) two thousand
C) two thousands
D) two thousands of
7. 1930s – nineteen ….
A) thirties B) thirtys
C) thirty's D) thirtieths
8. "C" is … letter of the
English alphabet.
A) a third B) third
C) the third D) thirds
9. He's been in the United
States for ….
A) one year and a half
B) one year and half
C) one year and an half
D) one and half years
10. the 49th - …
43
D) the forty-ninths
11. My second car runs
faster than …
A) the first B) one
C) the one D) first
12. A hundred metres …
one kilometre.
A) are B) is
13. What is half of six?
A) two B) one C) three
14. Tom earns $1000 a
month. Erik earns a
quarter of Tom’s salary.
Erik earns …
A) $500 B) $2000
C) $250 D) $300
15. I wonder what the world
will be at the end of …
century?
A) twenty one
B) the twentieth-first
C) the twenty-first
D) twenty first
16. a score means…
A) dozen B) twenty C) ten
17. I need two dozen eggs.
A) twenty four B) twelve
C) twenty D) twenty two
18. 1850- …
A) eighty fifty
B) eighteen fifty
C) eighty fifteen
D) eighteen fifteen
19. May 1st is …
A) the first May
B) the first of May
C) the May one
D) The one May
20. To’g’ri javobni toping.
A) two hundreds of people
B) thousands of kilometres
C) nineteen fourty one
D) thousands books
 Test 2

1. 150 … live in the 10. Two months … enough

Russian Federation. for me to do this work.
A) millions people A) are B) is
B) millions of people 11. Two plus two … four.
C) million of people A) are B) is
D) million people 12. I have done … of the work.
2. … are starving in the A) three nineths
world today. B) three ninths
A) Thousands people C) three nine
B) Thousands of people 13. Your score is two … five.
C) Thousand of people A) point B) comma
D) Ten thousands of people 14. … of my students are lazy.
3. You are … who asks me A) Ten percent
this stupid question. B) Ten percents
A) fifth B) the fiveth C) Ten percentage
C) the fifth D) five
D) Ten percentages
4. Two … of my money I 15. A fortnight means … weeks.
spend on books.
A) two B) three C) four
A) twelve B) twelfth
C) twelves D) twelfths
16. I live on the … floor.
5. Every … person in our A) five B) fiveth
company is not satisfied C) fifth D) fifteen
with his salary. 17. The … of October is
A) three B) the third my mum’s birthday.
C) third D) thirds A) nineth B) ninetieth
6. Ok! See you on … of April. C) ninth D) nineteen
A) the twentyth-seventh 18. I’ve been learning
English since…
B) twenty-seven
A) the two thousands
C) the twenty-seventh
B) the second thousand
7. … of the territory is
covered with ice.
C) the two thousand
A) one thirds B) one third D) a two thousands
C) two third D) second thirds 19. This book was published in
8. Personally, I prefer the …
music of … . A) 1990’s B) the 1990s
A) nineteen seventys C) 1990s D) the 1990
B) the nineteen seventies 20. 500 dollars … enough for
C) the nineteen seventeens me to live for a month.
A) is B) are
9. This bouquet costs … dollars!
A) two hundreds
B) two hundred
C) two hundred of

45
 Test 3
TAKRORLASH
Nouns, Adjectives, Adverbs and Numerals

1. Do you want to have … ? you.

A) a lot of money
B) many money
C) much moneys
D) a lot money
2. Do you have … books
to read?
A) much B) a little
C) any D) a
3. I have three …
A) safe B) safes
C) saves D) safe’s
4. A … of rice.
A) block B) bowl
C) drop D) slice
5. I have … news for you.
A) a B) some
C) many D) a few
6. There is much … today.
A) children B) people
C) sheep D) traffic
7. 2/5 is …
A) two fiveths
B) second fives
C) five seconds
D) two fifths
8. I want to live …
A) a hundred years
B) hundred years
C) a hundred year
D) hundred year
9. This is … bag.
A) a black small plastic
B) a plastic small black
C) small plastic black
D) a small black plastic
10. Do you know the girl …
to Tom?
A) talk B) to talk
C) talking D) talked
11. I don’t go out as … as
45
A) many B) much
C) more D) most
12. He was … than
anyone in the world.
A) clever B) more cleverer
C) the most clever D)
cleverer
13. You should think about
your
… education.
A) far B) farther
C) the farthest D) further
14. You must be …
when you talk to the
teachers of your
university.
A) polite B) more politer
C) most polite D) a polite.
15. Thank you. Now I’m a bit
…
A) more happy B) most
happy
C) the happiest D) happier
16. … expensive the hotel,
… the service.
A) The more/the better
B) The most/the best
C) More/better
D) The more/the best
17. Of the four girls Marcia
is …
A) prettiest B) prettier
C) pretty D) the prettiest
18. His car is … mine
A) two times more cheap
than
B) twice as cheap as
C) twice as cheaper as
D) twice as cheaper than
19. We only got
fifteen … pounds
for the car.
A) hundred B) hundreds
C) hundreds of D) hundred’s
20. He is a ... skilled worker.
A) highly B) high
C) higher D) highest
21. Mr. Brown’s translations C) a thirty-ninth
are always … done. His wife is D) thirty-ninth
a … translator.
26. I like … drinks.
A) well/good B) good/well
A) sugary B) more sugary
C) best/bad D) badly/good
22. Africa is ... C) the most sugary
second ... continent in D) the sugariest
the world. 27. He knows this subject
A) a / large B) the / large very …
C) the / larger D) the / largest A) good B) bad
23. … I can stay is three C) the best D) well
hours. 28. They are … workers.
A) Long B) Longer They work very …
C) The longest D) Much longer A) best/good B) bad/badly
24. I’ve been waiting for … C) better/ bestD) bad/worse
A) hour and a half 29. Don’t worry. I’ve just
B) an hour and half seen the doctor. I’m …
A) quite well B) rather good
C) hour and half
C) rather bad D) very better
D) an hour and a half
30. Chocolate tastes very …
25. This is Mozart’s
… symphony.
A) sweet B) sweetly
A) the thirty-nineth C) sweeter D) sweetest
B) thirtieth-nineth

47
 Pronoun
Olmosh

 Boshqa so’z turkumlari o’rnida keladigan so’zlar

olmoshlar deyiladi.
Olmoshlar qo’yidagi turlarga bo’linadi:

Personal pronouns Kishilik olmoshlari;

Possessive pronouns Egalik olmoshlar;
Reflexive pronouns O’zlik olmoshlari;
Reciprocal pronouns Birgalik olmoshlari;
Demonstrative pronouns Ko’rsatish olmoshlari;
Relative pronouns Nisbiy olmoshlar;
Indefinite pronouns Gumon olmoshlari.
Interrogative pronouns So’roq olmoshlari.

Kishilik olmoshlari

2 xil bo’ladi:
Bosh kelishik va tushum kelishik shakllari.

 Bosh kelishik shakli. Gapda ega vazifasida

keladi: I men (doim bosh harf bilan
yoziladi) You siz
He u (erkaklar uchun)
She u (ayollar uchun)
It u (jonsiz narsalar va hayvonlar
uchun) We biz
You siz
They ular

We like playing football.

Biz futbol o’ynashni yoqtiramiz.
She wants to be happy.
U baxtli bo’lishni xohlaydi.
Are you ready for the
lesson? Sen darsga
tayyormisan?
Where do they live?
Ular qayerda yashaydi?

47
  Tushum kelishik shakli. To’ldiruvchi vazifasida keladi.
Odatda fe’llar va predloglardan keyin keladi:
Me meni
You sizni
Him uni
Her uni
It uni
Us bizni
You sizni
Them ularni

Jasur is my friend. I respect him.

Jasur mening do’stim. Men uni hurmat
qilaman. Yesterday I saw them.
Kecha men ularni ko’rdim.
Don’t be angry with me.
Mendan xafa bo’lma.
Who is it?
It’s me, your student.
Bu kim?
Bu men, sizning talabangiz.

Mashqlar
1. English is a world language. …….. (I, me) want to learn ………
(he, she, it)
2. Yulduz is my sister. …….. (He, She, It, Him, Her) is a wonderful
girl!
3. David lives in London. …….. (Him, Her, Me, I) don’t see.............(me,
him, her, it) very often.
4. Babies cry a lot but I love ………… (he, she, they, him, her, them)
5. Maria is a clever girl. ………………… (He, She, It, Him, Her)
enjoys reading books.
6. My father is a good person. I love …………… (her, him, it, he,
she) very much.
7. Istanbul is a beautiful city. I like …………….. (him, her, it, he, she)
8. I’m not angry with …………… (I, he, she, you, they)
9. Are ………………(he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them) your
friends? Do you like ………………. (he, she, it, they, him, her, it,
them)
10. My phone number is 9337423883. Write ……….. (him,
her, it) down.

 It quyidagi vazifalarda ham

ishlatiladi: Vaqtni aytish uchun:
It’s 8.30 hozir soat 8.30
It’s Monday bugun Dushanba
It’s winter hozir qish
It’s late kech bo’ldi
It’s time vaqti bo’ldi
It’s my birthday bugun tug’ilgan kunim

 Masofani ifodalashda ishlatiladi:

How far is it from Bukhara to
Tashkent?
Buxorodan Toshkentgacha qancha masofa?
It is 1100 kilometres from Tashkent to Kharezm.
Toshkentdan Xorazmgacha 1100 kilometr.
 so’roq va inkor gaplarda far, darak gaplarda a long
way ishlatiladi:
It is a long way from here to my
house. Bu yerdan uyimgacha uzoq yo’l.
It isn’t far from here to my
house. Bu yerdan uyimgacha
uzoq emas. Is it far from here to
your house? Bu yerdan
uyingizgacha uzoqmi?

 Ob-havoni ifodalashda
ishlatiladi: It’s raining.
Yomg’ir yog’yapti.
It’s cold in
winter.
Qishda havo sovuq
bo’ladi. It is a nice day
today.
Bugun havo yaxshi.

 There ham ob-havoni ifodalshda ishlatilishi mumkin.

Bunda there dan keyin ot, it dan keyin sifat yoki fe’l
ishlatiladi:
There is a lot of rain in
spring. Bahorda ko’p yomg’ir
yog’adi. It was rainy
yesterday.
Kecha yomg’irli
bo’ldi. It rains a lot in
spring.
Bahorda ko’p yomg’ir yog’adi.

 Soxta ega bo’lib ham

keladi: Learning English is
interesting.
It is interesting to learn English. (it = to learn
English) Ingliz tilini o’rganish qiziqarli.
Finding this book wasn’t easy.
It wasn’t easy to find this book. (it = to find this
book) Bu kitobni topish oson bo’lmadi.
49
 There is/are
- bor deb tarjima qilinadi va qayerdadir nimadir
borligini ko’rsatadi.
- Birlikda is ko’plikda are bilan keladi.
- Ega uyushib kelsa, birinchi kelgan otga qarab is yoki
are qo’yiladi.
- Odatda gap oxirida o’rin holi keladi va orqadan oldinga
qarab tarjima qilinadi.
There is a good film on TV this evening.
Bugun kechki payt televizorda yaxshi kino
bor.
There is a night equal to a thousand nights in the
year. Yilda ming kechaga teng bir kecha bor.
There are forty students in our classroom.
Sinfimizda qirqta o’quvchi bor.
There is a book and three pens on the
table. Stol ustida bitta kitob va uchta
ruchka bor.
There are three pens and a book on the
table. Stol ustida uchta ruchka va bitta kitob
bor.
There are seven days in a
week. Bir haftada yetti kun
bor.

 Har xil zamonda har xil tarjima qilinishi

mumkin: There was everything in his room.
Uning xonasida hamma narsa bor edi.
There has been an accident near my
house. Uyim oldida baxtsiz hodisa bo’ldi.
Do you think there will be a lot of people at the party on Sunday?
Yakshanba kungi ziyofatda ko’p odam bo’ladi deb o’ylaysizmi?

Mashqlar

It yoki There lardan birini qo’yib gapni to’ldiring.

1. … is a big garden in our house.
2. … is a big garden.
3. … is 7 o’clock.
4. … are 7 days in a week.
5. … is a lot of rain in spring.
6. … rains a lot in spring.
7. … is raining now.
8. … 500 metres from my house to my school.
9. … are many tall buldings in Istanbul.
10. … is a little trouble in her voice.
 Egalik olmoshlari
Ikki xil turi mavjud. Sifat shakli va ot shakli. Sifat shaklidan keyin ot
kelishi shart. Ot shakli esa otsiz keladi.

 Egalik olmoshi sifat shakli:

My mening Its uning
Your sizning Our bizning
His uning Your sizning
Her uning Their ularning

My book is interesting.
Mening kitobim qiziqarli
Your car is old.
Sening mashinang eski.
Where is their house?
Ularning uyi qayerda?

 Egalik olmoshi ot
shakli: Mine meniki Its uniki
Yours sizniki Ours bizniki
His uniki Yours sizniki
Hers uniki Theirs ularniki

This book is mine.

Bu kitob meniki.
Our car is white but yours is
black.
Bizning mashina oq, lekin sizniki qora.

E’tibor bering: his – uning; uniki

Its – uning; uniki

Quyidagi iborani ham eslab qoling:

A (noun) of mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours,
theirs A friend of mine mening do’stim
A picture of his uning rasmi
Mashqlar

1. This is ………. book. (my, mine)

2. This book is ……….. (my, mine)
3. We love................country. (our, ours)
4. My father likes................car. (her, his)
5. ………. sister is sitting on............chair. (Your, Yours/her, hers)
6. These pens are ………. and those pens are ………. (my,
mine/your, yours)

51
 O’zlik olmoshlari

Ish-harakatni ega tomonidan bajarilganini ta’kidlash uchun yoki ish

harakat egaga nisbatan bajarilganini ko’rsatish uchun ishlatiladi.

Myself o’zim Itself o’zi

Yourself o’zing Ourselves o’zimiz
Himself o’zi Yourselves o’zingiz
Herself o’zi Themselves o’zlari
I usually wash my clothes
myself.
Men odatda kiyimlarimni o’zim yuvaman.
You must respect yourself or no one else will respect you.
Siz o’zingizni hurmat qilishingiz kerak aks holda hech kim sizni
hurmat qilmaydi.

By + o’zlik olmoshlari yolg’iz o’zi =

By = on my
By yourself = on your own
By himself/herself = on his own/on her
own By ourselves = on our own
By yourselves = on your own
By themselves = on their
own I live by myself = I live alone.
Men yolg’iz o’zim yashayman.

Eslab qoling:
Help yourself to salad. Salatdan oling (yeng)!
Make yourself at home. O’zingizni uydagiday his eting.
Mashqlar
Nuqtalar o’rniga qavs ichidagi olmoshlardan birini qo’yib to’ldiring.
1. I don’t need your help. I can do it ………. (me, my, mine, myself)
2. I live with ………. parents. (me, my, mine, myself)
3. We should respect ………. or no one else will respect........(us, our,
ours, ourselves)
4. Leave ………. alone! I want to be ………. (me, my, mine,
myself, by myself)
5. She enjoys staying at home on..............own. (her, hers, herself)
6. Yusuf bought this book for ………. so he doesn’t want to give
it to others. (him, his, himself)
7. She looked at ………. in the mirror. (her, hers, herself)
8. Our children walk to school by ………. (them, their,
theirs, themselves)
 Ko’rsatish olmoshlari

This bu -birlikdagi, yaqindagi, hozirgi zamonda

That u, o’sha -birlikdagi, uzoqdagi, o’tgan zamonda
These bu(lar) -ko’plikdagi, yaqindagi, hozirgi
zamonda Those u(lar), o’sha(lar)-ko’plikdagi,
uzoqdagi, o’tgan zamonda

This book is mine, that book is

yours. Bu kitob meniki, u kitob
seniki.
These pens are expensive; those pens are
cheap. Bu ruchkalar qimmat, u ruchkalar esa
arzon.
This is a computer. These are
telephones. Bu kompyuter. Bular esa
telefonlar.
That is a girl. Those are boys.
U qiz bola. Ular esa o’g’il bolalar.

Mashqlar

Nuqtalar o’rniga this, that, these, those olmoshlaridan birini qo’yib

gapni to’ldiring.
1. Look! ……….. books are very expensive.
2. Now I am living in ……… house.
3. I was rude to you yesterday. Please, forgive me for..............words!
4. ………… dress looks so pretty on you.
5. I didn’t see you................day.
6. Who was ………… man talking to you yesterday?
Gumon olmoshlari
Some
- sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlatiladi;
- biroz, bir nechta; ba’zi deb tarjima qilinadi;
- asosan darak gaplarda va iltimos va taklifni ifodalagan
so’roq gaplarda ishlatiladi;
- inkor gaplarda esa qisman inkor qilish uchun ishlatiladi;
- umumiy holatda of siz, xususiy holatda esa of bilan keladi.

I have some friends in Istanbul.

Istanbulda bir nechta do’stlarim bor.
There is some water in the glass.
Stakanda biroz suv bor.
Would you like some coffee?
Biroz kofe xohlaysizmi?

53
I don’t like some of the songs by Sami Yusuf.
Men Sami Yusuf tomonidan aytilgan ba’zi qo’shiqlarni
yoqtirmayman. Some pupils don’t want to study.
Ba’zi o’quvchilar ilm olishni xohlashmaydi.

Any esa to’liq inkor qilish uchun ishlatiladi:

I don’t like any books by Sami Yusuf.
Men Sami Yusuf tomonidan aytilgan birorta qo’shiqni
yoqtirmayman.

Some people have good heads on their shoulders.

Ba’zi odamlarda aql bor.
Some of the people in my town have good heads on their shoulders
Shaxarchamizdagi ba’zi odamlarda aql bor.

Any
- sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlatiladi;
- biroz, birorta; xohlagan deb tarjima qilinadi;
- asosan so’roq va inkor gaplarda va xohlagan deb tarjima
qilinganda darak gaplarda ishlatiladi.
- umumiy holatda of siz, xususiy holatda of bilan keladi.
There aren’t any mistakes in his
dictation. Uning diktantida hech qanday
xato yo’q.
Do you have any sugar?
Sizda biroz shakar bormi?
You can take any book in this library.
Bu kutubxonadan siz xohlagan kitobingizni olishingiz mumkin.
Have you read any of the books by Tohir Malik?
Tohir Malik tomonidan yozilgan birorta kitobni o’qiganmisiz?
None
- sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar o’rnida ishlatiladi;
- umuman yo’q, bitta ham yo’q deb tarjima qilinadi;
- None dan keyin to’g’ridan to’g’ri ot kelmaydi. Otlarga of
orqali bog’lanadi.
- How much money do you
have? Senda qancha pul bor?
- None.
Hech qancha.

- How many friends do you

have? Nechta do’stingiz bor?
- None.
Bitta ham yo’q.
None of my pupils came late yesterday.
Kecha birorta o’quvchi kech qolmadi.
None of the money is mine.
Pulning hech qanchasi meniki emas.
No, Nothing, None – bular inkor olmoshlar hisoblanadi va bular
bilan boshqa inkor so’zlar kelmaydi, chunki ingliz tilida bitta
gapda bitta inkor ishlatiladi:
I have nothing + I don’t have anything (I don’t have nothing EMAS)
No
- sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan keladi;
- hech qancha, hech bir deb tarjima qiliandi;
- No dan keyin albatta ot kelishi kerak.
There is no place like home.
Uydan yaxshi joy yo’q.
No news is good news.
Yangilikning yo’qligi yaxshi yangilik.
Qisqa javoblarda yolg’iz keladi:
- Are you ready?
- No, I’m not.
Not dan farqi No otni inkor etadi Not esa fe’lni. No dan keyin
ko’rsatgich kelmaydi, Not dan keyin esa keladi:
There is no water in the river – There is not any water in the
river. I have no friends. - I don’t have any friends.
Nothing – hech narsa
Nothing is impossible.
Hech narsa imkonsiz emas. (Hamma narsaning iloji bor).

Many
- sanaladigan otlar bilan ishlatiladi;
- ko’p deb tarjima qilinadi;
- umumiy holatda of siz, xususiy holatda of bilan keladi.
- darak gaplarda ham ishlatish mumkin lekin asosan so’roq va
inkor gaplarda ishlatiladi. Darak gaplarda many o’rnida odatda a
lot of ishlatiladi.
I don’t have many friends.
Mening do’stlarim ko’p emas.
I haven’t read many of these books
Men bu kitoblarning ko’pini
o’qimaganman. I have a lot of friends.
Mening do’stlarim ko’p.

55
 Much

- sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlatiladi;

- ko’p deb tarjima qilinadi;
- umumiy holatda of siz, xususiy holatda of bilan keladi.
- darak gaplarda ham ishlatish mumkin lekin asosan so’roq va
inkor gaplarda ishlatiladi. Darak gaplarda much o’rnida odatda
a lot of ishlatiladi.
I don’t have much sugar.
Menda shakar ko’p emas.
I haven’t done much of my homework.
Uyga vazifamning ko’pini bajarganim
yo’q. There is a lot of water in the
river.
Daryoda ko’p suv bor.
Few
- sanaladigan otlar bilan ishlatiladi;
- kam deb tarjima qilinadi;
- umumiy holatda of siz, xususiy holatda of bilan keladi.

Nowadays few people read books.

Shu kunlarda kam odamlar kitob
o’qishadi. Few of my pupils are hard-
working.
O’quvchilarimning kamchiligi mehnatkash.
A few
- sanaladigan otlar bilan ishlatiladi;
- bir nechta deb tarjima qilinadi;
- umumiy holatda of siz, xususiy holatda of bilan keladi.
I have a few friends in London.
Mening Londonda bir nechta do’stim
bor. A few of my pupils are lazy.
Bir nechta o’quvchim dangasa.

Only a few = few

Little
- sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlatiladi;
- kam deb tarjima qilinadi;
- umumiy holatda of siz, xususiy holatda of bilan keladi.

There is little water in the glass.

Stakanda kam suv bor.
I know little of the information about him.
Men u haqidagi ma’lumotning kam qismini bilaman.
 A little
- sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlatiladi;
- biroz deb tarjima qilinadi;
- umumiy holatda of siz, xususiy holatda of bilan keladi.

There is a little water in the glass.

Stakanda biroz suv bor.
I know a little of the information about
him. Men u haqidagi biroz ma’lumotni
bilaman.

Only a little = little

All
- sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlatiladi;
- hamma, barcha, hammasi, barchasi, hamma narsa deb
tarjima qilinadi;
- umumiy holatda of siz, xususiy holatda esa of bilan ham of siz
ham kela oladi.
- All hamma narsa ma’nosida birlik, hamma kishi ma’nosida
ko’plik hisoblanadi.
- yagona narsa degan ma’noda ham kela oladi.

Give me all of the money.

Menga pulning hammasini
ber.
I want to know all about your trip.
Sayohating haqida hamma narsani bilishni
xohlayman. All children love fairy-tales.
Barcha bolalar ertaklarni yaxshi ko’rishadi.
All of the children in our class love fairy-
tales.
Sinfimizdagi barcha bolalar ertaklarni yaxshi
ko’rishadi. All is not gold that glitters.
Yaltiragan har narsa oltin emas.
Today all are present in the
lesson. Bugun darsda hamma bor.
All I want is a good book.
Men xohlagan yagona narsa bu bir yaxshi kitob.

Both
- ikki kish yoki narsaga nisbatan ishlatiladi;
- ikkalasi (ham) deb tarjima qilinadi;
- umumiy holatda of siz, xususiy holatda of bilan ham of siz
ham keladi.

57
Both my parents are teachers.
Otam ham onam ham
o’qituvchi. Both of you will be
punished.
Ikkalangiz ham
jazolanasiz. I know both
your sisters.
Men ikkala singlingizni ham taniyman.

Both … and … ham…

ham… I like both English and
Uzbek.
Men o’zbek tilini ham, ingliz tilini ham yaxshi ko’raman.

Either
- ikki kishi yoki narsaga nisbatan ishlatiladi;
- ikkitadan bittasi deb tarjima qilinadi (ba’zan har ikkalasi ham
deb ham tarjima qilinadi);
- umumiy holatda of siz, xususiy holatda of bilan keladi;
- either dan keyin birlikdagi ot birlikdagi fe’l keladi, either of
dan keyin ko’plikdagi ot birlikdagi fe’l keladi.
I don’t like either of the books.
Menga ikkala kitob ham
yoqmadi.
Either of them is from London but I’m not sure who it is.
Ulardan biri Londonlik lekin u qaysiligini aniq
bilmayman. "Would you like the metal or plastic one?"
"Either will do."
Metalligi kerakmi yoki
plastikligi? Har ikkalasi ham
bo’laveradi.
Either … or … yoki … yoki…
He is either French or
English. U yoki Fransuz yoki
Ingliz.
Neither
- ikki kishi yoki narsaga nisbatan ishlatiladi.
- ikkalasi ham emas deb tarjima qilinadi.
- neither dan keyin birlikdagi ot keladi.
- neither of dan keyin ko’plikdagi ot birlikdagi fe’l keladi.
- Do you like Korean films or Turkish?
- Neither. I prefer American.
Koreys filmlarini yoqtirasizmi yoki Turklarnikinimi?
Ikkalasini ham emas. Amerika filmlarini ma’qul ko’raman.
Neither of my friends has come to the party.
Do’stlarimdan hech biri ziyofatga kelmadi.
Neither book is mine.
Kitoblardan hech biri meniki emas.
 One
Sanaladigan birlikdagi otni qayta ishlatmaslik uchun uning
o’rnida one ishlatilishi mumkin.
There are three cars here. Which one do you
like? Bu yerda uchta mashina bor. Qaysi biri
sizga yoqdi? This one bunisi
That one unisi
These ones bulari
The blue one ko’ki
The one in the middle

o’rtadagisi My house is small. I need a big

one.
Uyim kichik. Menga kattasi kerak.

Each
- har, har biri deb tarjima qilinadi;
- sanaladigan otlar bilan ishlatiladi;
- otsiz ham kela oladi;
- birlikdagi otlar bilan ishlatiladi;
- xususiy holatlarda va kam miqdorlar bilan ishlatiladi;
- of bilan kela oladi;
- gap oxirida ham kela oladi va har birida deb tarjima qilinadi.
I phoned you four times. Each time the line was engaged.
Sizga to’rt marta qo’ng’iroq qildim. Har safar tarmoq band
edi. He wrote three books and I have read each of them.
U uchta kitob yozgan va men ularning har birini o’qiganman.
There are five millionaires in our town and they have 5 billion
dollars each.
Shaxarchamizda 5 ta millioner bor va ularning har birida 5 milliard pul
bor.
Every
- har, har bir, har qanday deb tarjima qilinadi;
- sanaladigan otlar bilan ishlatiladi;
- otsiz kelolmaydi;
- birlikdagi otlar bilan ishlatiladi;
- umumiy holatdarda ishlatiladi (xususiy holatlarda ko’p
miqdorlar bilan ishlatiladi);
- of bilan kelmaydi;
Every night in my dreams I see you, I feel you.
Har kecha tushimda seni ko’raman, seni his
etaman. We have every reason to be happy.
Biz baxtli bo’lish uchun har qanday sababga
egamiz. I heard every word you said.
Men siz aytgan har bir so’zni eshitdim.

59
 Other
- boshqa deb tarjima qilinadi;
- umumiy holatda ishlatiladi;
- odatda ko’plikdagi otlar bilan keladi;
- otlashganda –s oladi.
I don’t care what other people think about me.
Boshqa odamlar men haqimda nima deb o’ylashini menga farqi
yo’q. I don’t care what others think about me.
Boshqalar men haqimda nima deb o’ylashini menga farqi yo’q.
Uzbekistan is very different from other countries.
O’zbekiston boshqa davlatlardan juda farq qiladi.

The other
- boshqa(si), qolgan(i) deb tarjima qilinadi;
- xususiy holatda ishlatiladi;
- otlashganda –s oladi;
- birlikdagi ot bilan ham kop’likdagi ot bilan ham kela oladi.
- birlikdagi ot bilan kelganda (ikkitadan) ikkinchisi,
(uchtadan) uchinchisi … deb tarjima qilinadi.
- the other day – bir necha kun oldin ma’nosida ishlatiladi.
Only a few of the pupils in the class are ready for the lesson but
the other pupils are not.
Darsga faqatgina bir nechta o’quvchigina tayyor, lekin qolgan
o’quvchilar tayyor emas.
Only a few of the pupils in the class are ready for the lesson but
the others are not.
Darsga faqatgina bir nechta o’quvchigina tayyor, lekin qolganlar tayyor
emas.
I have two friends. One of them is a doctor and the other is a
teacher. Ikkita do’stim bor. Ulardan biri shiforkor, ikkinchisi esa
o’qituvchi.
Another
- boshqa bir, yana deb tarjima qiliandi;
- another oldidan ko’rsatgich kelmaydi;
- another dan keyin odatda sanaladigan birlikdagi otlar keladi;
- miqdor va o’lchovni ifodalaydigan so’zlar ko’plikda ham
kelishi mumkin. Bunda yana deb tarjima qilinadi.
Would you like another cup of tea?
Yana bir chashka choy xohlaysizmi?
Come another day. Today I’m very
busy.
Boshqa biror kun keling. Bugun men juda
bandman. We need another three days to
complete this work. Bu ishni yakunlash uchun
bizga yana uch kun kerak.
 Most
- Otlar oldidan kelib ko’pchilik deb tarjima qilinadi;
- Sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlatiladi;
- Most dan keyin artikl ishlatilmaydi;
- Umumiy holatda of siz, xususiy holatda esa of bilan keladi.
Bunda of dan keyin artikl keladi;
- Sifatlar oldidan kelganda eng deb tarjima qilinadi.
Most people don’t know why they live.
Ko’pchilik odamlar nima uchun yashashlarini
bilishmaydi. I know most of the people in my town.
Men shaxrimdagi odamlarning ko’pchiligini taniyman.
This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read.
Bu men o’qigan eng qiziqarli kitob.

Mashqlar

Nuqtalar o’rniga gumon olmoshlaridan mosini qo’yib to’ldiring.

1. Father, bring us ……… sugar, please! We do not have ………
2. I cannot spend ……… time on shopping. It is useless.
3. ……… of students are lazy, only ……… of them are hardworking.
4. I do not want to work with Edgar. I need ……… assistant.
5. She was holding her book with one hand and waved with …
Birgalik olmoshlari
Each other va One another
 bir birini deb tarjima qilinadi. Each other odatda ikki kishi
yoki narsa o’rtasida ishlatiladi. One another esa ko’p
kishilar yoki narsalar uchun ishlatiladi.
They live near each other.
Ular bir biriga yaqin joyda yashaydi.
People must respect one another.
Insonlar bir birovlarini hurmat qilishlari kerak.
So’roq olmoshlari
What
- Fe’l bilan kelganda nima deb tarjima qilinadi;
- Ot bilan kelganda qanday deb tarjima qilinadi;
- odatda birlikdagi fe’l bilan keladi.

61
What do you do?
Kasbingiz nima?
What is your father?
Otangizning kasbi nima?
What is it?
Bu nima?
What colour do you like?
Sizga qanday rang yoqadi?
What kind of books do you like reading?
Qanday kitoblarni o’qishni yoqtirasiz?
Which
- qaysi deb tarjima qilinadi;
- odatda xususiy holatlarda ishlatiladi;
- odatda hayvonlar va jonsiz narsalarga nisbatan ishlatiladi;
- odamlar bilan ishlatilganda shaxs otlari bilan keladi.
- otga bog’lana oladi.
Which subject do you like best, English or History?
Qaysi fanni ko’proq yoqtirasiz, Ingliz tilinimi yoki
Tarixni?
There are two apples on the table. Which one do you
want? Stol ustida ikkita olma bor. Qaysi birini xohlaysiz?
Which actor is more popular, Leonardo DiCaprio or Tom
Cruz? Qaysi aktyor taniqliroq, Leonardo Dikapriomi yoki Tom
Kruz?
Who
- kim (ba’zan kimni) deb tarjima qilinadi;
- odamlar uchun ishlatiladi;
- odatda birlikdagi fe’l bilan keladi;
- otga bog’lanolmaydi.

Who are you?

Siz kimsiz?
Who is absent today?
Bugun kim kelmagan?
 Ba’zan whom o’rnida kelishi mumkin. Bunda ularni farqlash
uchun gapdagi vazifasiga qarash kerak. Who gapda ega
vazifasida keladi va shuning uchun so’roq gaplarda kelganda
gap darak gap shaklida bo’ladi. Whom esa to’ldiruvchi
vazifasida keladi va shu sababli undan keyin yordamchi fe’l
yoki modal fe’l keladi. Predlog kelsa undan oldin keladi.
Who saw you yesterday?
Kecha seni kim ko’rdi?
Who did you see yesterday?
Kecha siz kimni ko’rdingiz?
About whom are you talking? (About who … EMAS)
Kim haqida gapiryapsan?
Who can help me?
Menga kim yordam bera oladi?
Whom

- kimni deb tarjima qilinadi;

- odamlar uchun ishlatiladi;
- otga bog’lanolmaydi.

Whom are you talking about?

Kim haqida gapiryapsiz?
Whom do you love? Whose
Kimni yaxshi
ko’rasiz?
- kimning, kimniki, nimaning, nimaniki deb tarjima qilinadi;
- odamlar, hayvonlar va jonsiz narsalar uchun ishlatiladi;
- ot bilan ham, otsiz ham kela oladi.
Whose book is
it? Bu kitob
kimniki? Whose
is it?
Bu kimniki?
Whose tail is it?
Bu nimaning dumi?
Qachon deb tarjima When
qilinadi. When were you
born?
Siz qachon
tug’ilgansiz? When
will you come?
Qachon kelasiz? Where
Qayerda, qayerga deb tarjima qilinadi.

Where are you?

Qayerdasan?
Where are you going?
Qayerga ketyapsan?
Why
Nega, nima uchun, nima sabadan? deb tarjima qilinadi.
Why are you so happy? – Nega bunchalik xursandsan?
Why are you crying? – Nima sababdan yig’layapsan?

63
 How
- Qanday deb tarjima
qilinadi.
- fe’l bilan ham, sifat va ravishlar bilan ham ishlatiladi.
- how many nechta, how much qancha, how long qancha vaqt,
how far qanchalik uzoq, how fast qanchalik tez kabi iboralarda
ishlatiladi.
How are you?
Qandaysiz?
How fast can you run?
Qanchalik tez yugura olasiz?
How many books do you
have? Sizda nechta kitob
bor?
Nisbiy olmoshlar
So’roq olmoshlar nisbiy olmoshlar vazifasida ham keladi.
Nisbiy olmoshlar asosan murakkab gaplar tuzishda
ishlatiladi. Masalan:
This is a car. I bought it yesterday.
Bu mashina. Men uni kecha sotib oldim.
This is the car which I bought
yesterday. Bu men kecha sotib olgan
mashina.
Birinchi gapdagi it o’rnida which nisbiy olmoshi qo’llanilgan.
Nisbiy olmoshlar odatda o’zidan oldin kelgan biror otni izohlab
keladi va o’sha otga qarab nisbiy olmosh ishlatiladi.

Who, Whom, Whose

 Odamlar uchun ega vazifasida Who, to’ldiruvchi
vazifasida Whom, aniqlovchi vazifasida Whose
ishlatiladi:
He is a man who can help you. (He can help
you) U sizga yordam bera oladigan kishi.
He is the man whom we respect. (We respect
him) U biz hurmat qiladigan kishi.
He is the man whose father works with me. (His father works with
me) U otasi men bilan ishlaydigan kishi.
Which/ Whose
 Hayvonlar va jonsiz narsalar uchun ega va to’ldiruvchi
vazifasida Which, aniqlovchi vazifasida Whose ishlatiladi:
Give me the pen which I gave you. (I gave it to
you) Men sizga bergan ruchkani bering.
I saw a dog whose tail was chopped. ( Its tail was
chopped) Men dumi chopilgan itni ko’rdim.
This is the book which is about a girl whose name is Fatima. (It is
about…)
Bu kitob Fotima ismli qiz haqida.

What
 Nima, narsa ma’nolarida what ishlatiladi. Boshqa nisbiy
olmoshlar kabi o’zidan oldin kelgan biror so’zni
izohlamaydi.

Most people don’t know what they really want.

Ko’pchilik odamlar aslida nima xohlashlarini
bilishmaydi. I don’t know what to say to you.
Men senga nima deyishni
bilmayman. I can give you what
you want.
Sen xohlagan narsani bera olaman.
Where
O’rin holi vazifasida keladi.
Uzbekistan is the country where I was born. ( I was born there)
O’zbekiston men tug’ilgan davlat.
This is the school where I studied. ( I studied
there) Bu men o’qigan maktab.
When
Payt holi bo’lib
keladi.
I can’t forget the day when I became a student. ( I became a
student then)
Men talaba bo’lgan kunimni unutolmayman.
It was raining when I saw you for the first time. (I saw you
then) Men seni ilk bor ko’rganimda yomg’ir yog’ayotgan edi.
That
 O’zlashtirma darak gaplarda bosh gapni o’zlashgan gap
bilan bog’lashda ishlatiladi.
He said that I was
wrong. U nohaqligimni
aytdi.
I know that everything in the world is temporary.
Men bilamanki bu dunyoda hamma narsa
vaqtincha.
Who va Which o’rnida kelishi mumkin.
Give me the pen that I gave you.
Sizga bergan ruchkani bering.
He is a man that can help
you.
U sizga yordam bera oladigan odam.
Those are the boys and the bicycles that we saw by the
65
river. Ular biz daryo buyida ko’rgan bolalar va velosipedlar.
 Kishilik, Egalik va O’zlik olmoshlari
Test 1

1. I don’t think the shop is 10. -How do you know …?

open.
-… are my close friends.
… usually closes at 7 p.m.
A) they/Them B) their/They
A) It’s B) It C) Itself D) Its C) them/They D) theirs/Them
2. Mark is here today but 11. Nazira is my aunt. … is
… usually plays tennis at
a teacher.
the weekend.
A) She B) He C) It D) Its
A) him B) himself
12. Please, help me! I can’t do it
C) his D) he
…
3. I met Alice and Jenny at
the market. … were carrying
A) I B) me C) my D) myself
heavy bags. 13. Is this … book?
A) We B) Them A) she B) her
C) They D) She C) hers D) herself
4. My brother and … are going 14. What can … tell me
to the cinema. We want to about your parents?
watch a good film. A) them B) you C) we D) us
A) his B) hers C) she D) I 15. My relatives live in Madrid.
5. … are looking at … often come to see us.
themselves in the mirror. A) It B) Theirs
A) Them B) They C) They D) Themselves
C) You D) We 16. … name is Saida.
6. My friend and … are happy A) Her B) His C) She D) She’s
to accept your invitation. 17. She has long hair. … is
A) my B) mine 1 metr.
C) myself D) I A) They B) He C) Its D) It
7. This is our house. My 18. Listen to the music. …
father bought … 10 years is nice.
ago. A) Mine B) It C) Your D) He
A) him B) itself C) it D) its 19. I have a lot of books. I
8. I can’t find my money. I bought … when I was a
think I have lost … student.
A) mine B) it A) them B) it C) they D) their
C) them D) itself 20. Christine and Linda are
9. These books are really very nice. … gave me a toy.
good. You should try to read A) She B) They C) Their
… D) Themselves
A) its B) it
C) their D) them

67
 Test 2
1. Behzod is … friend. … 11. Where have you found
knows maths very well. this pen? This is …
A) my/Him B) me/She A) me B) my C) I D) mine
C) mine/He D) my/He 12. There is a police officer.
2. Malika and I are very tired. We can ask … the way to the
... are going to bed. airport.
A) We B) Us A) him B) his
C) Ourselves D) You C) himself D) he
3. I bought this computer 13. - I have news for you.
last week but now … isn’t - What is … about?
working A) it B) they C) them D) its
A) they B) he C) it D) I
4. Horses are strong animals. 14. I want to talk to your
… drink a lot of water. parents and tell … about
A) He B) She C) It D) They your grades.
5. Children, you must do A) it B) them C) him D) they
your homework …. 15. Are you hungry? I can
A) you B) your make some sandwiches for …
C yourself D) yourselves now.
A) you B) me C) them D) we
6. … mobile phone is old.
… needs charging very 16. I don’t want to be late.
often. Can you lend … your car,
please?
A) My/It B) Me/It
A) me B) my
C) Mine/its D) Myself/they
C) mine D) myself
7. I bought this book for … 17. We’re going to a café. Do
A) me B) my you want to come with…?
C) mine D) myself A) them B) us
8. You must read this book. C) ourselves D) we
… is very important. 18. My aunt lives in
A) I B) He C) They D) It Washington. I miss … a
9. Do you know … name? lot.
A) hers B) his A) he B) she C) him D) her
C) mine D) yours 19. – Do you know Muhammad?
10. My little sister loves dolls - Sorry, I don’t know …
so I gave … a beautiful doll on A) he B) his C) himself D) him
… birthday. 20. Amina is in … room. …
A) him/his B) she/her is studying.
C) her/her D) hers/him A) his/She B) hers/Her
C) she’s/He D) her/She

67
 Test 3

1. - Is he marrying 11. How are you, kids? I

Pamela? haven’t met … for ages!
- Yes, he is in love with… A) them B) themselves
A) me B) her B) him D)
she
2. - Your pupils are making a C) yourselves D) you
lot of noise! 12. - Let’s see the
- I’ll ask … to be quiet. latest American
A) it B) us C) them D)you movie!
3. There is a police officer. - I have already seen … .
We can ask … the way to A) theirs B) them
the airport. C) its D) it
A) him B) his 13. Kelly and Sophia are at
C) himself D) he the train station. Jordan is
4. - What’s the name of with … .
that book? A) her B) him
- I’m afraid I can’t remember C) themselves D) them
… 14. Maftuna is a liar.
A) you B) it Don’t believe … .
C) them D) ours A) him B) her C) them D) it
5. If you want this 15. That letter belongs to
newspaper, you can take … Claudia and me. Give it to
A) it B) its C) us D) your …
6. Look at John. He seems A) them B) us
so happy. His father offered C) ourselves D) hers
…. a car for … birthday. 16. -Is there anything to
A) him/his B) he/him drink for Nicole and me?
C) his/he’s D) him/her -Yes, there is a glass of wine for
7. - What are you going to …
do with those apples? A) yourselves B) our
- I’m going to eat … C) her D) you
A) their B) them 17. You and your sister
C) they D) themselves aren’t young now. You
8. My mother is a fantastic should wash your clothes …
woman. I love …. very A) you B) yourself
much. C) your D) yourselves
A) herself B) her 18. He is thirty years old but
C) she D) hers he is afraid to sleep in his
9. Don’t help me with house …
this exercise! I can do it A) on himself B) by him own
by… C) themselves D) by himself
A) itself B) myself 19. Nobody will come to help
C) mine D) it us. We must solve our
10. - Is that Jessica’s problems …
new friend? A) us B) our
– I don’t know … C) ourselves D) ours
A) my B) her 20. My new TV set can switch
C) their D) his … off. You needn’t do it.
A) him B) itself
C) its D) me

69
 Test 4
1. He likes to think of … as 11. Frank, is this car …?
a good person.
A) your B) yourself
A) himself B) herself
C) yourselves D) yours
C) he D) his
12. The children like
2. Are you going to the decorating the New Year tree
cinema by …? …
A) your B) yourself A) themselves B) them
C) we D) you C) they D) theirs
3. - Ooo, no! I can’t imagine 13. Hi, Peter! Please, come
… doing this.
and make … at home.
A) me B) myself A) yourself B) yours
C) I D) mine
C) you D) your
4. The animals can defend 14. Don’t help …, Dad! We
…
can paint the wall …
A) me B) myself A) us/ourselves B) we/us
C) themselves D) themself C) our/ours D) ourselves/us
5. We helped … to some 15. … company sells cars.
chicken at the party. A) His B) Hers C) Its D) Mine
A) ourselves B) us 16. … husband works in
C) our D) ourself New Jersey.
6. My old neighbour A) His B) Hers C) Her D) She
always talks to … 17. Can you give me your
A) myself B) themselves pen? I’ve forgotten … at
C) itself D) himself home.
7. Ali cut … with the knife A) mine B) me
while he was cutting onions. C) myself D) my
A) myself B) herself 18. Here is a letter from
C) ourselves D) himself … friend, Zarina!
8. John and Gary, if you A) mine B) us
want more juice, help …. C) ours D) your
A) yours B) you 19. Can you open … eyes
C) yourself D) yourselves under water?
9. I wrote this story … A) my B) your
A) myself B) on myself C) yours D) mine
C) mine D) by my own 20. He has left … children
10. Kate is a baby, she is at home.
too small to eat … A) himself B) him
A) her B) hers C) hers D) his
C) she D) by herself
 Test 5
All pronouns

1. … colour is your C) his D) her

new umbrella? 11. Boys and girls! You
A) What B) Which should make your beds ….
C) Whose D) Who A) each other B) one another
2. - … nationality are C) yourself D) yourselves
you? 12. I didn’t want to believe it
- I’m Brazilian. at first and then I saw the
A) What B) Which ghost…
C) Whose D) Who A) mine B) myself
3. … does it take by plane C) of mine D) its
from London to Moscow? 13. What happens when a
A) How much B) How long fish sees … in the mirror?
C) How many D) How often A) itself B) me
4.-… were you waiting for at C) themselves D) myself
the bus-stop yesterday 14. It’s not easy to learn English
morning? … without a tutor nowadays.
- One of my classmates. A) on your own B) your
A) Whom B) Who C) on yourself D) you
C) Where D) When
15. I think he is a bit rude.
5. Mum, some friends of … He never introduces …
are going to visit me A) each other B) they
tomorrow evening.
C) your D) himself
A) myself B) mine
16. Alice, you shouldn’t blame
C) my D) me
… for the accident.
6. We decided to repair the car
A) himself B) myself
…
C) themselves D) yourself
A) itself B) ours
17. Can you find … in
C) ourselves D) it
this picture?
7. I introduced … to my A) yourself B) my
new neighbours.
C) you D) your
A) myself B) mine
18. Don’t worry about us.
C) me D) my
We are enjoying … here.
8. You don’t need to help A) us B) ourselves
them. They can do it …
C) ours D) our
A) theirselves B) themselves
19. Ladies and gentlemen!
C) theirself D) theyselves
There are masses of food, so
9. Antony and Mark, you please help ….
should do your homework … A) yourself B) you
A) yourself B) yourselves C) yours D) yourselves
C) you D) themselves
20. We must go to … house.
10. The boy looked at …
A) our B) us
lovely kitten.
C) we D) ourselves
A) himself B) its
 Test 6
1. Mothers love … their 11. Anders and his brother-
children. Andrew usually quarrel with
A) every B) none …
C) some D) all A) other B) another
2. … of my pupils are C) each another D) each other
very talented. 12. Can you see … boys?
A) Every B) Some They are my friends.
C) Much D) Neither A) this B) that C) there D) those
3. Do you know Mike? 13. ... is responsible for
I’ve bought ... car. cleanliness of the
A) him B) her classroom?
C) his D) herself A) When B) What
4. … my luggage is here. C) Who D) Why
A) Some B) Most 14. … are you always
C) All D) Many complaining about
5. I can’t do it … more. your neighbours?
A) many B) some A) What B) Which
C) no D) any C) Why D) When
6. My dog was sad when … 15. … of my sisters like
lost soap operas.
… puppies. A) Neither B) Both
A) he/him B) it/its C) Either D) No-one
C) it/it’s D) they/her 16. … answer is correct?
7. My sister is talking to A) Whom B) Whose
some friends of … C) Where D) Whom
A) hers B) herself 17. Would you like … to drink?
C) her D) she A) anything B) everyone
8. … person in this world C) nowhere D) something
has right to be happy. 18. … animals can run fast.
A) All B) Most A) All of B) The most
C) Some D) Every C) Most D) None
9. On … subject do you have 19. … of my friends isn’t
an exam? coming to the party.
A) where B) what C) who A) None B) Either
D) whom C) Neither D) No
10. We visit … of our 20.- What are you talking
relatives every month. about?
A) some B) no C) every - … important.
D) much A) No B) Nothing
C) None D) Neither

71
 Test 7
1. Is … your copybook? 11. He hasn’t got …
A) These B) Those friends because he is so
C) This D) They rude.
2. The dog and the cat A) much B) many
are having … milk. C) a lot D) some
A) their B) its 12. … of my parents came to
C) it D) theirs the parents’ meeting
3. – How much water are yesterday.
there in the jug? A) None B) Neither
-… C) Some D) All
A) Nothing B) Not 13. I haven’t met … of
C) No D) None these guests before.
4. I’ve a cousin … likes riding A) much B) no
a bicycle. … name is C) every D) most
Dilshoda. 14. The weather was awful …
A) whom/My B) which/Their we were on holiday.
C) who/Her D) that/His A) that B) which
C) where D) when
5. You should do … best to 15. I’m a newcomer at this
learn English. school so I’ve got only …
A) you B) your friends here.
C) yours D) yourself A) a little B) little
6. I’m working with … father C) few D) a few
in the garden now. 16. These skirts are too
A) me B) my expensive. Let’s buy
C) myself D) mine some cheap…
7. - … does your close friend A) others B) another
do? C) one D) ones
- He’s an English tutor. 17. They had ten dollars …
A) Who B) Where A) every B) each
C) What D) Which C) either D) none
8. I’ll never forget the days 18. … Kamol nor Behzod is
… I spent in Morocco. here now.
A) when B) where A) Either B) Both
C) which D) who C) None D) Neither
9. … are they going? 19. I really enjoy the sea
- They’re going to “Best Way”. … waves are always
A) Why B) Where rough.
C) When D) What A) whose B) where
10. -… is in your bag? C) when D) which
-Some books and my laptop. 20. Some people like apples,
A) Where B) Which … like pears.
C) How big D) What A) others B) other
C) the others D) the other
 Test 8

1. I respect you with … C) themselves D) herself

my heart. 12. We must wait … five
A) both B) all months for the quarantine to
C) many D) no end.
2. ... is wrong with you? A) others B) another
You C) the others D) other
haven’t said a word all 13. She is a girl …
morning. mother teaches French.
A) What B) That A) who B) whom C) whose
C) Who D) Which D) which
3. You have … idea how 14. I saw her three
dear you are to me. times yesterday and …
A) none B) neither time she smiled at me.
C) no D) any A) every B) all
4. If it is important to you, C) each D) most
… will find a way. 15. We mustn’t talk bad
A) us B) their things about … people when
C) mine D) you they are not with us.
5. Only real friends tell you A) other B) another
… your face is dirty. C) the others D) others
A) where B) which 16. Coffee is … my
C) who D) when favourite drink.
6. Only I can change my life. A) no B) none
… can do it for me. C) not D) neither
A) Someone B) Anyone 17. “Grammarland” is a book
C) No one D) Everyone … was written for uzbek
7. People are always busy with learners.
… lives. A) what B) whom
A) themselves B) theirs C) which D) where
C) they D) their 18. Among your friends the ones
8. I live in Shafirkan and … remind you about God are
it’s known for … scholars. your real friends.
A) they B) it C) mine D) its A) which B) who
9. You should tell your friends C) whose D) where
… they are important for you. 19. She is a friend of mine …
A) when B) how much I haven’t seen for a long
C) who D) where time.
A) which B) what
10. Beauty is power, smile is
C) whom D) when
… pair.
A) itself B) its C) it D) his 20. Never let your friends feel
lonely. Disturb them … the
11. The first and most
time.
important person you must
believe in is ….
A) most B) all
A) myself B) yourself C) each D) every

73
 Test 9

1. I know … good places A) any B) some

in London. C) many D) much
A) some B) any 12. - Do you speak Russian
C) neither D) none or English?
2. Would you like … for - I don’t speak …
your dinner? A) either B) neither
A) something B) anything C) none D) some
C) nothing D) no-one 13. I’ve just bought
3. Ann and Jack haven’t got these grapes. Would
… children. you like …?
A) some B) any A) everything B) it
C) no one D) neither C) some D) any
4. He tried on … shoes 14. There was nobody on
and chose one of them. the beach this morning.
A) either B) neither Only… seagulls.
C) a few D) any A) few B) much
5. I saw … trees in the C) any D) a few
forest yesterday. 15. They are doing an
A) some B) any exam. Don’t make …
C) no one D) something noise!
6. I didn’t have … A) some B) no
information about it. C) any D) many
A) anything B) something 16. … my parents are in
C) any D) some Paris now.
A) Most B) Much
C) Any D) Both
7. There aren’t … fruit left in 17. Sorry, I’m busy now.
the garden. Can you come … day?
A) any B) no A) others B) the other
C) some D) none C) another D) the others
8. Can you share .. time for 18. Knowledge is power. …
me after lunch please? of you must remember it.
A) some B) any A) Every B) Each
C) no D) both C) Much D) None
9. You can come and see me 19. I bought two books
at yesterday. One is interesting
… time you want. but
A) any B) no … is boring.
C) some D) many A) other B) the other
10. A few people in the world C) others D) the others
are very rich, but others don’t 20. … people never say
have “Please” or “Thank you”.
… money. A) Every B) None
A) little B) some C) Any D) Some
C) any D) no
11. You needn’t have so
… money to be happy.
 Test 10

A) a little B) a few 11. Could you borrow me

C) little D) few … money?
12. I know where his house
1. -How is your is. I’ve been there … times.
father? 13. He is rather poor. He has …
- … better, thanks!
2. Not all animals can survive money.
in the desert. Only … can. 14. I want to buy … books
3. I have … money. I can’t on English grammar.
afford a new car. 15. There was … meat in the
4. He has … education. He soup. It was nearly
can’t read or write. vegetarian soup.
5. I don’t want any more juice. 16. The doctor says there is
I have … here. … hope to save his life. I see
6. -When did she go out? he’s getting worse day by
-… minutes ago. day.
7. I need to do … work. 17. I’ve … money left. It’s
8. This boy isn’t very popular enough to buy some
at school. He’s got very … vegetables.
friends. 18. I slept very … last night.
9. I’m a newcomer in this city. 19. If you have … time, could
I know only … places here. you come and help me,
10. … students from please?
this university study 20. Sorry, I can’t talk to
well, unfortunately. you now. I have … time.
 Article
Artikl
Artikllar ikki xil bo’ladi: Aniq artikl (definite article) va Noaniq artikl
(indefinite article).
Noaniq artikl
A va an – noaniq artikllar hisoblanadi. One so’zidan kelib chiqqan.
undosh tovush (harf emas) bilan boshlangan so’zlar oldidan a
ishlatiladi.
A book, a pen, a university, a hen
Unli tovush (harf emas) bilan boshlangan so’zlar oldidan an
ishlatiladi. An apple, an iron, an umbrella, an hour

Asosiy qoidasi:
Tinglovchiga noaniq bo’lgan, birlikdagi, sanaladigan
turdosh otlar oldida noaniq artikl ishlatiladi:
I have a book.
Menda kitob bor. (shunchaki bir
kitob) There is a tree in front of my
house.
Uyim oldida daraxt bor. (shunchaki bir daraxt)
Yesterday I saw a boy who was wearing a black
hat.

Bundan tashqari quyidagi hollarda ham noaniq artikl ishlatiladi:

 Kasb va shaxs otlari oldidan umumiy
holatda: My brother is an engineer.
Mening akam
muhandis. I want to
be a teacher.
Men o’qituvchi bo’lishni xohlayman.
 Har bir, istagan ma’nolarida:
A rose is a flower.
Atirgul bu gul. (har qanday
atirgul) A man is known by his
friends.
Insonni do’sti kimligidan bilib olsa bo’ladi. (har qanday insonni)
 Sifatlovchi aniqlovchi bilan kelgan ot oldida (ya’ni bu sifat
uning qanday ekanligini ko’rsatadi; umumiy tariflaydi,
aniqlashtirmaydi; aynan qaysiligini ko’rsatmaydi):
I live in a big house.
Men katta bir uyda
yashayman. She is a beautiful
girl.
U chiroyli qiz.
  There is/ I have/He has/She has … lardan keyin
sanaladigan birlikdagi ot kelsa, odatda noaniq artikl
ishlatiladi:
There is a book on the table.
Stol ustida kitob bor.
I have a car.
Menda mashina bor.
 Ba’zi kasallik nomlari oldidan noaniq artikl
keladi: Have a headache Boshi og’ramoq
Have a toothache Tishi og’ramoq
Have a sore throat Tomog’i
og’ramoq Have a cough Yo’tal bo’lmoq
Have a cold

shamollamoq Ba’zi iboralar:

A quarter past (seven) (yetti)dan chorakta
o’tdi A quarter to (seven) chorak ta kam (yetti)
As a rule Qoida bo’yicha.
At a time Ba’zan.
be in a hurry Shoshayotgan bo’lmoq.
For a long time Uzoq vaqtdan beri.
For a while Biroz muddat.
go for a walk Piyoda sayr qilmoq.
have a good time vaqtni yaxshi
o’tkazmoq. Have a mind E’tiroz bildirmoq.
Have a rest Dam olmoq.
In a loud voice baland ovozda
In a low voice past ovozda
It’s a great pleasure Nihoyatda
mamnunman. It’s a pity Afsus!
Tell a lie Yolg’on gapirmoq.
Have a bath vanna qabul qilmoq
Have a shower dush qabul qilmoq
Aniq artikl
The – aniq artikl hisoblanadi.
Asosiy qoidasi:
Tinglovchiga aniq bo’lgan sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan,
birlikdagi va ko’plikdagi, turdosh otlar oldidan aniq artikl
qo’yiladi:
Where is the book which I gave you?
Senga bergan kitobim qani? (aynan men bergan O’SHA
kitob) This is the boy who stole my money yesterday.
Bu kecha pulimni o’g’irlagan bola. (O’SHA
bola) Stop talking! The teacher is coming.
Gaplashishdan to’xtang! O’qituvchi kelyapti. (O’SHA dars
o’tadigan o’qituvchi)

77
  Suhbatdoshga noma’lum bo’lgan ot ikkinchi marta kelganda
aniq artikl oladi.
I have a computer, but the computer is very old.
Menda kompyuter bor lekin o’sha kompyuter juda
eski. There was a house in the forest. The house was
locked. O’rmonda bir uy bor edi. O’sha uy qulf edi.
Lekin:
I have a computer. It is a good computer.
Menda kompyuter bor. U yaxshi
kompyuter.
There was a house in the forest. It was an old house.
O’rmonda bir uy bor edi. U eski uy edi.
Buyerda ot sifatlovchi aniqlovchi bilan kelganligi uchun
noaniq artikl oladi.
 Dunyoda tanho narsalar nomi oldidan:
The Earth yer The sky osmon
The Sun quyosh The world dunyo
The Moon oy The universe olam
 Vaziyatdan aniq bo’lgan otlar
oldidan: The teacher is coming.
O’qituvchi kelyapti.
The president of Uzbekistan is a very sincere person.
O’zbekiston prezidenti juda samimiy inson.
Close the window, please!
Derazani yoping, iltimos!
 Quyidagilarni ham eslab qoling:
Go to the Go to the post Go to the toilet
doctor Go to office Go to the Go to the
the bank Go to theatre Go to the kitchen
the airport cinema Go to the bedroom
 Familiyalar ko’plikda kelib ular oldidan aniq artikl
kelganda butun oilani ifodalaydi:
The Browns Braunlar
The Smiths Smitlar
 Sifatlar otlashganda ular oldidan aniq artikl
keladi: The poor kambag’allar
The rich boylar
The old qariyalar
The young yoshlar
 Sifatning orttirma darajasi
oldidan: The biggest eng
katta
The best eng yaxshi
The most interesting eng qiziqarli
  Tartib sonlar oldidan:
The first birinchi
The second ikkinchi
The third uchinchi
 Pul birliklari oldidan:
The dollar dollar
The euro evro
The soum so’m
 Ba’zi davlat tashkilotlari nomi
bilan: The Police politsiya
The Army armiya
The Fire Brigade o’t o’chirish xizmati
 Daryolar, dengizlar, okeanlar, tog’ tizmalari, orol
guruhlari, o’rmonlar va cho’l nomlari oldidan aniq artikl
ishlatiladi:
The Nile The The Bahamas
The Volga Pacific The Sahara
The Black Sea The Alps The Black
The Baltic Sea The Forest The New
The Atlantic Rocky Forest
Ocean Mountain
s
The British
Isles

 Tarkibida republic, union, kingdom, states, federation,

emirates so’zlari bor davlat nomlari aniq artikl bilan
keladi:
The United States Of
America The United
Kingdom
The Republic of Uzbekistan
The Russian Federation

 Aniq artikl bilan keladigan ba’zi joy nomlari:

The Crimea The Congo The Middle
The The East The North
Netherlands Philippines Pole
The Caucasus The equator
The Hague The Far East

 Kema nomlari oldidan aniq artikl

keladi: The Titanic
The Mayflower
The Santa Maria
 Teatrlar, muzeylar, galereyalar, yirik mehmonxonalar
nomlari oldidan aniq artikl keladi:
79
The Hilton (hotel) The British Museum
The Palace The National Gallery
(theatre) The ABC The Amir Timur Museum
(cinema)
  Of bilan keladigan joy nomlari oldidan aniq artikl keladi:
The Bank of England The Great Wall of China
The Houses of The Museum of Modern
Parliament The Tower Art The University of
of London London

 Aniq artikl oladigan boshqa joy

nomlari: The Statue of Liberty
The Empire State Building
The While House
The Golden Gate
Bridge The Brooklyn
Bridge The High
street
The Great Silk
Road The Great
Lakes The Great
Salt Lake The
Bahamas
The Mediterranean

 Gazeta nomlari oldidan aniq artikl ishlatiladi:

The Times The Guardian
The The Washington Post
Independent

 Til nomlari language so’zi bilan kelsa aniq artikl oladi:

The English language The Russian language
The Uzbek language The Arabic language

 Butun millat nazarda

tutilsa: The English Inglizlar The Uzbeks O’zbeklar
The French Fransuzlar The Russians Ruslar
 Play so’zidan keyin musiqa asboblari kelsa, aniq
artikl ishlatiladi:
I enjoy playing the piano/violin.
Men pianino/skripka chalishdan zavqlanaman.
Lekin: play so’zidan keyin sport turlarini ifodalovchi so’zlar kelsa
artikl ishlatilmaydi:
I enjoy playing chess.
Men shaxmat uynashdan
zavqlanaman. I enjoy playing football
Men futbol uynashdan zavqlanaman.

 Where so’zidan keyin kelgan ot odatda aniq artikl

oladi: Where is the book? Kitob qayerda?
Where did you buy this pen? Bu ruchkani qayerdan sotib oldingiz?

81
  Aniq artikl bilan keladigan iboralar:
At the beginning boshida
At the end oxirida
Be on the safe side xavfsizlikda bo’lmoq
By the way aytgancha
Go to the theatre (cinema) teatrga (kinoga)
bormoq In the afternoon peshindan keyin
In the country shaxar tashqarisida
In the evening kech paytida
In the middle o’rtasida
In the morning tongda
In the past o’tmishda
On the radio radioda
On the right (left) o’ng (chap) da
On the whole butunlay
On TV (television) televizorda
Pass the time vaqtni o’tkazmoq
Play the piano (the violin) pianina (skripka)
chalmoq Run the risk tavakkal qilmoq
Tell the time vaqtni aytmoq
Tell the truth rostini aytmoq
The day after tomorrow ertadan keyingi kun
The day before yesterday kechadan oldingi
kun The following quyidagi
The last oxirgi
The only yagona
The other day bir necha kun oldin
The rest qolganlari
The same bir xil
The very ayni (o’sha)
What is the time? soat necha bo’ldi?
What’s the matter? Nima bo’ldi?

 Yillardan keyin -s yoki ‘s kelsa aniq artikl bilan

ishlatiladi: In the 1990s/1990’s after the 2000s/2000’s

I worked in Gijduvan in the 2010s.

Men 2010-yillarda G’ijduvonda ishlaganman.

81
 Artiklsiz kelish hollari

Asosiy qoidasi:
1) Sanalmaydigan otlar umumiy holatda artiklsiz
keladi: Knowledge is power
Bilim kuchdir.
Water is necessary for
life. Suv hayot uchun
zarur.
2) Ko’plikdagi otlar umumiy holatda artiklsiz
keladi: Children like playing.
Bolalar o’ynashni yaxshi ko’rishadi.
Books are our best friends.
Kitoblar eng yaxshi do’stlarimizdir.

 Insonlarning ismlari artiksiz

ishlatiladi: Leonardo is a good actor.
Leonardo yaxshi aktyor.
My close friend’s name is Behzod.
Yaqin do’stimning ismi Behzod.
 Insonlarga professor, doctor, president kabi kasbini ifodalovchi
so’zlar bilan murojaat qilinganda yoki ismlari oldidan ushbu
so’zlar kelganda artikl ishlatilmaydi.
Professor, may I ask you a
question? Professor, bir savol
so’rasam maylimi? Doctor Rahimov
is a good surgeon.
Shiforkor Rahimov juda yaxshi jarroh.
 Bayram nomlari oldidan odatda artikl ishlatilmaydi:
Eid al-Fitr Christma Easter
Eid al- s New Thanksgiving
Adha Year
 Sayyoralar nomlari oldidan artikl ishlatilmaydi:
Mars Mercur Neptun
Venus y
Jupite Saturn
r Uranus
 Hafta kunlari, oy nomlari oldidan artikl ishlatilmaydi:
Monday Thursda April
Tuesday y Friday May
Wednesda Saturda June
y y
 Materik nomlari oldidan artikl ishlatilmaydi:
South Australia Europe
America Antarctic
North a Africa
America Asia
 Quyidagilar ham artiklsiz keladi:
Eastern Europe Central Asia Northern Ireland

83
South Africa Trinity College Westminister Abbey
London London aiport Edinburgh Castle
University Kennedy Bucingham Palace
Cambridge airport Tower Bridge
University Victoria
Station
 Alohida tog’, cho’qqi, orol, ko’l nomlari oldidan artikl
ishlatilmaydi:
Everest Montblanc Lake Ohio
Kalimanjar Madagasc Lake
o Elbrus ar Loch Superior
Ness Lake Ontario
 Ko’cha nomlari artiklsiz ishlatiladi:
Oxford Wall Six Avenue
Street Main Street
Street Broadway
 Park, Zoopark nomlari artiklsiz ishlatiladi:
Hyde Park Central Park London Zoo
 Maydon va Sirk nomlari artiklsiz ishlatiladi:
Trafalgar Picadilly Independence
Square Russel Circus Red Square
Square Square
 Aeroport va temir yo’l stansiyalari nomlari oldidan
artikl ishlatilmaydi:
London Victoria Station
Airport
Kennedy
Airport
 Ovqat paytlarini ifodalovchi otlar oldidan odatda
artikl ishlatilmaydi:
Breakfas Dinne Tea
t Lunch r
Suppe
r
Lekin sifatlar bilan kelsa noaniq artikl oladi:
A good breakfast A big supper
 Orqasidan sanoq son kelgan otlar oldidan artikl
ishlatilmaydi: Unit One birinchi bo’lim
Lesson Four to’rtinchi dars
Page 25 yigirma beshinchi bet
 School, college, university, hospital, prison, church so’zlari
foydalanuvchi nuqtai-nazaridan gapirilganda artiklsiz
ishlatiladi:
My son is a schoolboy. He goes to school.

83
Mening o’g’lim maktab o’quvchisi. U maktab
boradi. I’m a teacher. I work at a school.
Men o’qituvchiman. Men maktabda
ishlayman. He is in prison for robbing the
bank.
U bankni o’margani uchun qamoqda.
She went the prison to see his
husband.
U qamoqxonaga turmush o’rtog’ini ko’rishga bordi.
 TV so’zi buyumni ifodalasa aniq artikl bilan
ishlatiladi. Switch the TV off! Televizorni o’chir!
( narsa-buyum)
I watch TV. Men televizor tomosha qilaman.
 Bitta ot oldidan bitta ko’rsatgich keladi. Shu sababli my,
your, his, her, its, our, their, no, some, any, much, many,
a lot of, most, this, that, these, those va ‘s (ning)
kabilardan keyin artikl ishlatilmaydi:
This is my first school.
Bu mening birinchi
maktabim. Is she your best
teacher?
U sening eng yaxshi o’qituvchingmi?
Artiklsiz keluvchi iboralar:
Ask permission ruxsat so’ramoq
At/for/after/before breakfast nonushta paytida/ga/dan
keyin/oldin At/for/after/before dinner tushlik paytida/ga/ dan
keyin/oldin At/for/after/before lunch tushlik paytida/ga/ dan
keyin/oldin At/for/after/before supper kechki ovqatda/ga/ dan
keyin/oldin At first sight bir ko’rishda
At first avval, boshida
At home uyda
At night tunda
At present hozirgi paytda
At sunrise quyosh chiqishida
At sunset quyosh botishida
At war urushda
At work ishda
Be in debt qarzdor bo’lmoq
By chance/mistake tasodifan
By day kunduz payti
By mistake adashib
By sea (land, air) dengiz (quruqliq, havo) orqali
By train (air, boat, bus) poezd(samolyot,qayiq,avtobus) orqali
By the sea dengiz yonida
By the bus (train, avtobus (poyezd, mashina…)
Come from work ishdan qaytmoq
Day by day kundan kunga
For ages uzoq vaqtdan beri
From time to time vaqti vaqti bilan
From day to day kundan kunga
Go home uyga bormoq
Go to bed uyquga ketmoq
Go to work ishga bormoq
Go shopping xarid qilishga bormoq
Half past (seven) (yetti) yarim (soatni aytishda)
In front of oldida
Out of doors tashqarida

85
 Test 1

1. My friend is … clever. A) a/a B) the/an

A) a B) an C) - D) the C) -/the D) -/an
2. This is … school. This is 12. … weather is fine today.
… big school. A) a B) an C) the D) –
A) a/a B) a/the 13. Where is Tom’s … red
C) the/the D) -/a car? It’s in … street.
3. There is … hospital in … A) a/the B) the/a
front of our house. C) -/- D) -/the
A) a/the B) the/- 14. There are … books and
C) -/a D) a/- … pens in … bag.
4. I have … flowers in my A) -/-/- B) the/the/a
… garden. C) a/a/the D) -/-/the
A) -/the B) the/- 15. I have … coffee in my … cup.
C) a/a D) -/- A) a/- B) -/the
5. Where is … book? It’s on C) -/- D) the/the
… table. 16. Our school is … big.
A) a/a B) the/the … teachers are very
C) a/the D) the/- kind.
6. We have … dog. It’s under A) a/- B) the/the
… big tree. C) -/- D) -/the
A) a/a B) the/the 17. There are two … pupils in
C) a/the D) -/a … garden. … boy and … girl.
7. There is … hotel. … hotel A) -/the/the/the
is expensive. B) the/the/a/a
A) a/a B) -/a C) a/a/-/- D) -/the/a/a
C) the/the D) a/the 18. Usually I go to … bed at
8. This … book is my … … quarter past ten.
first book. A) -/a B) the/the
A) a/the B) -/- C) a/a D) -/-
C) -/the D) a/a 19. He always leaves for …
9. She works at … hospital. work at … half past seven in …
Now he is going to … work. morning.
A) -/- B) the/the A) the/a/the B) a/-/-
C) a/a D) a/- C) -/-/the D) the/a/a
10. Do you know … answer 20. This is … babies shop.
to this … question? There are many … toys in …
A) the/- B) a/- shop.
C) -/a D) the/the A) a/-/a B) -/-/the
11. My … friend presented me C) -/the/- D) a/-/the
… interesting book.

85
 Test 2

1. What do you do on … 11. I want to buy ...

Sunday after … supper? computer next week.
A) the/the B) a/a A) a B) an C) the D)-
C) the/- D) -/-
12. I’m going to ... school to
2. I always have … tea with see my sister.
my A) a B) an C) the D)-
… family. It’s … wonderful.
13. Wait for me please. I’ll
A) a/a/a B) -/-/- come back in … hour.
C) the/the/a D) -/the/- A) a B) an C) the D)-
3. Do you like watching … TV 14. I like watching tennis
in on television. It is ... very
… evening? good game.
A) the/the B) a/- A) a B) an C) the D)-
C) -/a D) -/the 15. My brother is my …
4. I want to be … engineer in first teacher.
… future. A) a B) an C) the D)-
A) a/the B) -/a 16. Have you heard it on
C) the/- D) an/the … radio or on …
5. ... rose is … flower. television?
A) the/- B) a/a A) -/- B) a/a
C) -/- D) -/a C) the/the D) the/-
6. … teacher asked me: “Are 17. I couldn't believe my
you ready for … lesson?” eyes when I saw ...
A) a/a B) the/- elephant in … front of my
C) a/the D) the/the school yesterday.
7. Give me … money which A) a/the B) an/a
I gave you yesterday. C) an/- D) the/the
A) a B) an C) the D) – 18. How much will it cost to
8. … shops in our town go on … holiday to Bali?
don’t work at … night. A) a B) an C) the D)-
A) the/- B) -/- 19. Can you please help me buy
C) the/a D) the/the ... birthday present for my
9. … Tashkent is … capital of father?
… Uzbekistan. A) a B) an C) the D)-
A) the/the/the B) the/a/- 20. ... President of … United
C) -/a/- D) -/the/- States will be visiting
10. He always tells … truth. Australia next week.
He never tells … lie. A) A/- B) The/-
A) the/a B) a/the C) The/the D) -/the
C) a/a D) -/-
 Test 3

1. There will be a 11. There is … picture on

parents’ meeting on … … wall.
tenth of … February. A) a/the B) a/a
A) the/the B) a/- C) the/the D) -/-
C) the/a D) the/- 12. What is … date today?
2. There is … new school at A) a B) the C) - D) an
… corner of our street. 13. It is … seventh of
A) a/the B) the/- … December.
C) the/the D) -/a A) the/the B) a/a
3. Yesterday father told us C) -/- D) the/-
… very amusing story. 14. My friends live in …
A) a B) the C) - D) an small town. It is … new
4. When do you leave … town.
home for … work? A) a/the B) the/the
A) -/- B) a/a C) a/a D) -/a
C) the/- D) -/the 15. I have … new English
5. What time do you wash book. I think … book is very
your teeth in … morning? useful.
A) a B) - C) an D) the A) a/a B) -/the
6. There are … four rooms in C) the/a D) a/the
… flat. 16. My new dress is made of
A) a/a B) the/the … silk.
C) -/a D) -/the A) a B) - C) the D) an
7. He usually goes to bed at 17. If you want to write
… half past ten. something on …
A) the B) a blackboard, you must
C) an D) – have … piece of … chalk.
8. There is no … tea in A) a/a/the B) the/a/-
my friend’s … glass. C) -/-/- D) the/a/a
A) -/- B) the/the 18. I often listen to … music.
C) a/a D) -/a A) a B) the C) - D) an
9. He has … very good 19. I go to … bed at …
books. quarter to eleven.
A) a B) the C) an D) – A) a/a B) -/-
10. This is … classroom. C) the/the D) -/a
… classroom is large. 20. Sometimes I play …
A) a/the B) a/a computer games at …
C) the/the D) -/- night.
A) the/the B) -/-
C) a/a D) a/the

87
 Test 4

1. … hotel we stayed at was 10. Who are … people in

… very nice hotel. this photograph?
A) A/a B) The/a A) - B) the C) a D) an
C) A/the D) The/- 11. … life is getting harder
2. We must protect our and harder … day by … day.
… environment. A) -/the/the B) -/-/-
A) an B) the C) a D) – C) the/the/- D) -/a/a
3. Have you got these shoes 12. … dollar is … currency of
in … United States.
… size 43? A) The/the/the B) -/the/the
A) a B) - C) the D) an C) -/a/the D) A/the/-
4. – It is a nice day, isn’t it? 13. When was …
- Yes, it is beautiful. I’m going telephone invented?
for … walk by … sea. A) a B) an C) - D) the
A) a/- B) a/the 14. … young have the future
C) -/- D) -/a in their hands.
5. I don’t usually have … A) A B) - C) The D) An
lunch, but I always eat … 15. In … England there is an old
good breakfast.
A) -/- B) -/a C) a/a D) the/a story about … man called Robin
6. Some workmen went to Hood.
… church to repair … roof A) the/the B) -/-
yesterday. C) the/a D) -/a
A) the/- B) -/the 16. When my son was ill
C) a/a D) the/the we called … Doctor
7. I’m going to ... petrol Johnson.
station by ... car. A) a B) the C) an D) –
A) the/the B) the/an 17. Do you know …
C) a/a D) the/- Professor Brown’s phone
8. … test wasn’t very number?
difficult. I answered … A) a B) the C) an D) –
questions without difficulty. 18. Jim has travelled a lot in
A) A/- B) The/- … Middle East.
C) The/the D) -/- A) a B) an C) the D) –
9. You need … patience to 19. … Grand Hotel is in
teach young children. … Baker Street.
A) a B) the A) -/- B) The/the
C) an D) – C) The/- D) -/the
20. … Gymnastics is
my favourite sport.
A) The B) A C) - D) An
 Test 5

1. I don’t like … very A) the / - B) -/the

hot weather. C) any/a D) an/the
A) a B) the C) an D) – 12. Do you think that I
2. Mary has just started … can learn ... Russian ...
new job. She’s got … two- way ... Russians speak
year contract. it?
A) a/a B) -/a A) -/the/-
C) the/- D) a/- B) -/the/the
3. Be careful. Don’t step on C) a/the/-
… cat’s tail. D) the/a/the
A) a B) - C) the D) an 13. She has bought ... new
4. … damage caused by the shirt which goes with ...
storm will cost a lot to jacket she bought last week.
repair. A) a/a B) the/a
A) The B) A C) - D) An C) a/the D) the/the
5. ... death of their mother 14. Mary said her cake was
left the puppies without hope made from ... flour, ... milk,
of survival. eggs and oil.
A) The B) An C) A D) - A) -/a B) -/-
6. Jane has ... uncle who lives ... history of cars.
in
... Mississippi.
A) the/the B) -/the
C) an/- D) an/the
7. I found him in ... last
carriage of ... train.
A) - / - B) - / a
C) a /the D) the / the
8. Did you receive ... letter I
sent you from ... Netherlands.
A) a/- B) the/-
C) the/the D) -/-
9. They say that ... Uzbek
language is particularly
difficult for ... English.
A) the / - B) - / -
C) - / the D) the / the
10. -Betty is not well today.
-Oh, that’s ... pity. What’s ...
matter?
A) a/a B) a/the
C) the/the D) a/a
11. Bill bought ... interesting
book last week; it was all
about
89
C) the/- D) the/the
15. … apple … day,
keeps … doctor away.
A) the/a/a
B) a/a/a
C) an/a/the
D) the/the/the
16. Let’s watch ... news
on ... TV.
A) -/an B) a/-
C) the/the D) -/-
17. Do you think … cats
like … milk?
A) the/a B) a/- C) -/- D) -/a
18. I like to drink … cup of
hot chocolate at … night.
A) a/- B) a/the
C) -/- D) the/ the
19. You can switch … TV off!
I’m not watching it.
A) a B) the
C) an D) -
20. Nick was sent to …
prison for his crime.
A) a B) the C) - D) an
 Test 6

A) a B) the C) – D) an

1. Please clean … blackboard.

2. … good books have … good examples.
3. I must go to … bank and … post office.
4. It’s as cold as … ice.
5. Which is longer: … Volga or … Danube?
6. Would you like to go to … theatre with me tonight?
7. Is … Everest … highest mountain in … world?
8. … news that you brought was … suprising.
9. It’s … pity that you can’t come.
10. … weather was fine, and we decided to go for … walk.
11. They say … sugar is bad for you.
12. He went to … prison to visit his son.
13. Is … Amsterdam in … United States or in … Netherlands?
14. This school has quite … large garden.
15. … Statue of Liberty was presented as … gift by … people
of … France to … people of … Unites States.
16. … sun rises in … east and sets in … west.
17. … Loch Ness is … lake in Scotland.
18. … English are very proud of their history.
19. Do you know what is on at … Bolshoi theatre tomorrow evening?
20. Is … Antananarivo the capital of … Madagascar?

Test 7
A) a B) the C) – D) an

1. They are looking for … man with … long dark hair.

2. I’d like to have … hamburger for … breakfast.
3. … Pushkin is … Russian poet.
4. Can you play … piano?
5. Will you play … chess with me?
6. At … night I had … terrible headache.
7. I drink … lot of … coffee.
8. … December is … last month of the year.
9. My favourite subject at … school is … History.
10. He knows … history of Uzbekistan very well.
11. If you want to play … football, you need … football.
12. Could you phone later, please? Jane’s having … shower.
13. The rent is 50 dollars … week.
14. We often go to … theatre and to … cinema at weekends.

91
15. Yesterday Dad came home at 8 o’clock. We had … dinner
and then watched … TV. We went to … bed at 11 p.m.
16. Would you like … cold water?
17. I can’t find … letter which I received this morning.
18. By … way, have you heard anything from Tim lately?
19. My friend is going to open … new hospital … next month.
20. … interesting book is better than … boring man?

Test 8
A) a B) the C) – D) an

1. They usually go … shopping on Mondays.

2. … Trafalgar Square is the geographical center of … London.
3. Dad came to … school to see my teacher yesterday.
4. ‘Do this exercise at … school and that one at … home,’ said
our teacher in … loud voice.
5. – Could you tell me … time, please? – It’s … quarter past four.
6. We are busy today, but we have … little free tomorrow.
7. The sweater was cheap. It cost only … few pounds.
8. To tell … truth, I didn’t expect to see him.
9. This is … useful book to learn English.
10. You should take … umbrella, because it’s raining.
11. It’s … great pleasure to help you.
12. What … lovely song!
13. You must read books at least … hour … day.
14. As … rule, you must be punished if you aren’t ready for …
lesson.
15. I live in … Tverskaya Street.
16. … United Kingdom includes … Great Britain and …
Northern Ireland.
17. Where’s … John’s raincoat?
18. Does … Mark speak … Spanish?
19. Show me … Canary Islands on this map, please.
20. Although the north of … Scotland is called …
Highlands the mountains aren’t high there - … Ben Nevis
is the highest peak.

91
 Verb
Fe’l

Ish-harakat belgisini bildiruvchi so’zlar fe’llar deyiladi.

Ingliz tilida fe’llarning V0, V1, V2, V3 shakllari mavjud.

V0 – fe’lning harakat nomi shakli ya’ni shaxs va sonda

moslashmagan shakli;
Bu shakl odatda –moq yoki –ish qo’shimchalarini
oladi. Masalan:
be – bo’lmoq, bo’lish
I want to be a teacher.
Men o’qituvchi bo’lishni xohlayman.
Do – qilish, qilmoq, bajarish,
bajarmoq You must do you
homework.
Sen uyga vazifangni qilishing kerak.

V1 – fe’lning hozirgi zamon shakli

Bu shakl hozirgi zamonda moslashgan shakl hisoblanadi.
Ko’pchilik V0 va V1 shakllar bir xil deb o’ylashadi. Chunki be
fe’lidan tashqari barcha fe’llarda uchinchi shaxs birlikdan
tashqari barcha shaxs va sonda bu ikkalasi bir xil shaklga ega.
Masalan:
V0 – be, have, do, work
V1 – am, is, are have, has do, does work,
works

V2 – fe’lning o’tgan zamon shakli

Bu shakl Past Simple yasovchi o’tgan zamon shakli
hisoblanadi. To’g’ri fe’llarga –ed qo’shish orqali, noto’g’ri
fe’llarda esa o’zakdan o’zgarish yoki o’zgarmay qolish orqali
yasaladi.
Masalan:
V – go see work stop cry
1
V2 – went saw worked stopped cried

V3 – fe’lning sifatdosh shakli.

Bu shakl Perfect va Passive shakllar yasovchisi hisoblanadi.
To’g’ri fe’llarda –ed qo’shish orqali noto’g’ri fe’llarda esa
o’zakdan o’zgarish yoki o’zgarmay qolish orqali yasaladi.
Masalan:
V1 - go see work stop cry
V2 - went saw worked stopped cried
V3 - gone seen worked stopped cried
 Auxiliary verbs
Yordamchi fe’llar
be, do, have, shall, will eng ko’p ishlatiladigan yordamchi fe’llar
hisoblanadi.
 Yordamchi fe’llar asosan turli xil zamon va nisbat shakllarini
yasashda ishlatiladi va biror fe’lni takrorlamaslik uchun
o’rniga zamoniga mos ravishda yordamchi fe’l keladi.

Be
 Be – Active Voiceda fe’l ishtirok etmagan gaplarda
Simple zamonlarning yordamchi fe’li hisoblanadi.
Passive Voiceda barcha zamonlar yasalishida ishtirok
etadi. I am a teacher.
Men o’qituvchiman. (bu gapda fe’l ishtirok
etmagan). It was made in China.
Bu Xitoyda ishlab chiqarilgan. (Passive Voice)
 Be – Hozirgi zamonda uch xil shaklga ega:
Birinchi shaxs birlikda (I) am ga, barcha ko’pliklarda are ga va
barcha birliklarda is ga aylanadi:
I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
We are
You are
They are
 Ingliz tilida You doim ko’plik
hisoblanadi: You are my student.
Sen mening talabamsan.
Qisqarishi:
I am = I’m
You are =
You’re We are
= We’re He is
= He’s She is
= She’s
It is = It’s
Is not = isn’t
Are not =
aren’t
Am not esa o’zaro qisqarmaydi.

93
 Do
 Asosiy fe’l ham yordamchi fe’l ham bo’lib kelishi mumkin.
Asosiy fe’l bo’lib kelganda qilmoq, bajarmoq deb tarjima
qilinadi, lekin yordamchi fe’l bo’lib kelganda lug’aviy ma’no
anglatmaydi.

Active Voiceda Present Simple zamonda so’roq va inkor
gaplarda, tasdiq so’roq gaplarda (tag questions) va qisqa javoblarda
(short answers) yordamchi fe’l vazifasida keladi:
Do you like reading books?
Kitob o’qishni
yoqtirasizmi? I don’t like
stupid people.
Men axmoq odamlarni
yoqtirmayman. You want to be a
student, don’t you?
Siz talaba bo’lishni xohlaysiz, shunday emasmi?
- Do you understand me? - Yes, I do.
- Meni tushundingizmi? - Ha.

 Uchinchi shaxs birlikda –es

oladi: He doesn’t like talking too
much.
U ko’p gapirishni yoqtirmaydi.

Have
 Asosiy fe’l bo’lib ham yordamchi fe’l bo’lib ham ishlatiladi.
Asosiy fe’l bo’lib kelganda ega bo’lmoq, bor bo’lmoq deb
tarjima qilinadi. Yordamchi fe’l bo’lib kelganda lug’aviy ma’no
anglatmaydi. Asosan perfect zamonlar yasashda ishtirok
etadi.
I have done my homework.
Men uyga vazifamni qilib bo’ldim.
Have you seen my book?
Mening kitobimni ko’rdingmi?

 Asosiy fe’l bo’lib kelganda Do yordamchi fe’lini

oladi: Do you have a friend?
Do’sting bormi?
I don’t usually have toothache.
Odatda tishim og’ramaydi.

 Yordamchi fe’l bo’lib kelganda Do ni

olmaydi: We haven’t got a car.
Bizda mashina yo’q.
Have they ever been to Istanbul?
Ular biror marta Istanbulda bo’lishganmi?
 Have va Have got

Doimiy va takrorlanib turuvchi ish-harakat va holatlar uchun biz

odatda have ni ishlatamiz. Have got esa odatda ayni paytdagi
vaziyatni ifodalaydi va shu sababli o’tgan zamonda deyarli
ishlatilmaydi:
Sorry, I haven’t got any wine. (ayni paytda)
Kechirasiz, menda vino yo’q.
We don’t usually have wine in the house.
Uyimizda odatda vino bo’lmaydi.
I had flu last week. (I had got flu … EMAS)
O’tgan hafta grip bo’lgandim.

Have got odatda gerund va infinitive shakllarda kelmaydi.

Shall va Will
Future zamonlarni yasashda ishlatiladi. Lug’aviy ma’no
anglatmaydi. I va We bilan shall (shall bo’lmaganda will ham
ishlatiladi) Boshqalari bilan will ishlatiladi.
I promise I shall help you.
Va’da beraman senga yordam
beraman. I think he will not come.
Menimcha u kelmaydi.

Qisqarishi:
I shall = I’ll
He will = He’ll
We shall =
We’ll You will
= You’ll Will
not = won’t

95
 Modal verbs
Modal fe’llar
 So’zlovchining ish-harakatga bo’lgan munosabatini
ko’rsatuvchi so’zlar modal fe’llar deyiladi.
Modal fe’llardan keyin faqat fe’lning asosiy shakli (V0)
keladi. Can do (to do, doing, does, did, done EMAS)
May come ( to come, coming, comes, came
EMAS) Must work (to work, working, works,
worked EMAS)
 Bitta gapda ikkita modal fe’l ketma-ket kela
olmaydi. Ikkinchisining o’rniga uning ekvivalenti
ishlatiladi.
We may have to go to the meeting tomorrow. (may must
EMAS) Biz ertaga yig’ilishga borishimizga to’g’ri kelishi
mumkin.
 Modal fe’llar so’roq va inkor shakllarni yasashda yordamchi
fe’l olmaydi. Inkor shaklda o’ziga not qo’shiladi, so’roqda
egadan oldinga chiqadi.
I can not speak French.
Men fransuz tilida gapira olmayman.
May I ask a question?
Savol so’rasam maylimi?

 Har bir modal fe’lning ekvivalenti ya’ni o’rniga ishlatilishi

mumkin bo’lgan vazifadoshi mavjud. Odatda ekvivalentlar
bir martalik ish-harakatlarni, modal fe’llar esa doimiy ish-
harakatlarni ifodalaydi. Bundan tashqari ekvivalentlar
modal fe’llar ifodalay olmaydigan zamon shakllarini
ifodalay oladi.
I can speak English.
Men ingliz tilida gapira olaman.
(doim) I will be able to speak
English soon.
Men tez orada ingliz tilida gapira oladigan bo’laman. (lekin hozir
emas) We could win them anytime.
Biz ularni xohlagan paytda yuta olardik. (doim)
We were able to win them though they were more than us.
Ular bizdan ko’proq bo’lishlariga qaramasdan biz ularni yuta oldik.
(doim emas)
Can
 Hozirgi va kelasi zamonda qobiliyat va imkoniyatni ifodalab,
qila olmoq deb tarjima qilinadi.
I can speak English very well.
Men ingliz tilida juda yaxshi gapira olaman.
Can you translate this sentence?
Bu gapni tarjima qila olasizmi?
  Hozirgi va kelasi zamonda iltimos va taklifni
ifodalaydi. Can you help me, please?
Menga yordam bera olasizmi,
iltimos? Can I help you?
Sizga yordam bera olamanmi?

 Hozirgi va kelasi zamonda ijozatni ham ifodalab kela oladi

(biroz norasmiy).
You can go home.
Uyingizga ketishingiz mumkin.
Can ask a question, please?
Bir savol so’rasam maylimi, iltimos?
Can o’rnida uning ekvivalenti – am/is/are able to hozirda mavjud
bo’lmagan, kelasi zamondagi qobiliyat yoki imkoniyatni ifodalashda:
If you study hard, you will be able to speak English fluently very
soon. Agar qattiq o’qisang, tez orada ingliz tilida ravon gapira
oladigan bo’lasan.
Taqqoslang:
I can help you tomorrow.
I will be able to help you tomorrow if my parents let me.
I can speak English.
I will be able to speak English in three months.

Could
 O’tgan zamonda qobiliyat va imkoniyatni
ifodalaydi. I could run very fast when I was young.
Yoshligimda juda tez yugura olardim.
She could dance very well a few years ago.
U bir necha yil ilgari juda yaxshi raqsga tusha olardi.

 Hozirgi va kelasi zamonda iltimos va taklifni ifodalab

kelishi mumkin (juda rasmiy).
Could you do me a favour, please?
Menga bir iltifot ko’rsata olmaysizmi, iltimos?
Could I be of any assistance?
Sizga biror yordam bera olamanmi?
Could o’rnida uning ekvivalenti – was/were able to bir martalik ish-
harakatlarni ifodalashda ishlatiladi:
It was very difficult, but we were able to do
it. Juda qiyin edi, lekin biz bu ishni qila oldik.

97
 May
 Hozirgi va kelasi zamonda ijozat va ruxsatni ifodalab,
mumkin deb tarjima qilinadi (rasmiy).
May I come in?
Kirsam maylimi?
You may take any book you want.
Siz xohlagan kitobni olishingiz mumkin.

 Hozirgi va kelasi zamonda oddiy taxminni

ifodalaydi. I may go to Malaysia in December.
Men dekabrda Malayziya borishim mumkin.
Ask Helen about it. She may know the
answer.
Bu haqida Yelenadan so’ra. U javobini bilishi mumkin.
Be allowed to – may ning ekvivalenti hisoblanadi.
If you don’t have your passport, you will not be allowed to enter the
examination.
Agar pasportingiz bo’lmasa, sizga imtihonga kirishga ruxsat etilmaydi.
Might
 Hozirgi va kelasi zamonda may kabi oddiy taxminni
ifodalab keladi.
I might go to Malaysia in December.
Men dekabrda Malayziya borishim mumkin.
Ask Helen about it. She might know the answer.
Bu haqida Yelenadan so’ra. U javobini bilishi mumkin.
 May ning o’tgan zamoni bo’lib odatda Indirect
Speech (o’zlashtirma gaplar) da keladi.
She said that we might go home after the lessons.
U biz darslardan keyin uyga ketishimiz mumkinligini aytdi.

Might hozirgi va kelasi zamonda odatda ijozatni ifodalab kelmaydi.

Must
 Hozirgi va kelasi zamonda majburiyat va zaruriyatni
ifodalab keladi.
You must drive on the right in our country.
Bizning davlatimizda mashinani o’ng tomondan haydashing
kerak. I must go home now. It’s too late.
Men uyga ketishim kerak. Juda kech bo’ldi.
Bu ma’noda inkor shakli mustn’t bo’lib ta’qiqni
ifodalaydi. You mustn’t smoke here.
Bu yerda chekmasliging kerak.
Zarurat yo’qligini ifodalaganda inkor shakli needn’t, don’t need
to yoki don’t have to.
You needn’t go to school on Sundays.
Yakshanba kunlari maktabga borishingiz
shartmas. I don’t have to get up early at the
weekends.
Hafta oxirlarida barvaqt turishim shart emas.

 Hozirgi va kelasi zamonda ehtimoli yuqori bo’lgan asosli

taxminni ifodalaydi.
You’re so sociable. You must have a lot of friends.
Sen juda kirishimlisan. Do’stlaring ko’p bo’lsa
kerak.
You haven’t eaten since yesterday. You must be hungry.
Sen kechadan beri ovqat yemading. Och qolgan bo’lsang kerak.

Bu ma’noda inkor shakli can’t (ba’zan couldn’t) bo’lib, ish-

harakat yoki holatning bo’lish ehtimoli juda kam ekanligini yoki
imkonsiz ekanligini ifodalaydi.
You have just had breakfast. You can’t be hungry.
Siz hozirgina nonushta qildingiz. Och qolgan bo’lishingiz mumkin
emas. She looks so different. She can’t be your sister.
Uning ko’rinishi butunlay boshqacha. U singlingiz bo’lishi mumkin
emas.
 Hozirgi va kelasi zamonda kuchli maslahatni ham
ifodalab keladi.
“Step-mother” by Ahmad Lutfi is a wonderful book. You must read
it. Ahmad Lutfi tomonidan yozilgan O’gay ona kitobi ajoyib kitob. Sen
uni o’qishing kerak.

Have to
Bu fe’l must ning ekvivalenti hisoblanib, odatda tashqi
majburiyatni ifodalaydi va to’g’ri keladi, kerak deb tarjima
qilinadi. You have to come to the lesson on time.
Siz darsga vaqtida kelishingizga to’g’ri keladi.
If you don’t do your homework in time, I’ll have to punish you.
Agar uyga vazifangni vaqtida bajarmasan, seni jazolashimga
to’g’ri keladi.
Inkor shakli don’t have to – shart emas deb tarjima qilinadi.
Zarurat yo’qligini ifodalaydi. (ta’qiqni emas).
You don’t have to wear a tie in our office.
Bizning offisda galstuk taqishingiz shartmas.

99
 Need
Bu fe’l asosiy fe’l hisoblanadi va har qanday asosiy fe’l kabi
shaxs son va zamon shakli mavjud, otlar bilan kela oladi va
fe’llarga to orqali bog’lanadi:
You need to eat something.
Sen biror narsa yeyishing
kerak. She needs some money.
Unga biroz pul kerak.
Do we need to go
there?
U yerga borishimiz kerakmi?
They don’t need to work.
Ular ishlashlari shart emas.
Needn’t esa modal fe’l
hisoblanadi. You needn’t eat
anything.
Sen biror narsa yeyishing shart emas.
She needn’t have any money.
Unda pul bo’lishi shart emas.
Don’t have to = don’t need to = needn’t
Should va ought to
 Hozirgi va kelasi zamonda axloqiy burch va umumiy
maslahatni ifodalaydi.
You should respect your parents.
Ota-onangizni hurmat qilishingiz kerak.
You shouldn’t stare at people.
Odamlarga tikilib qaramasligingiz kerak.
I think … /Do you think … /I don’t think …
Kabi iboralardan keyin odatda should
ishlatiladi. I think you should help your friend.
Menimcha siz do’stingizga yordam berishingiz kerak.
 Inkor shakllari shouldn’t va ought not
to. You ought not to eat so much food.
Sen bunchalik ko’p ovqat yemasliging kerak.
 So’roq gaplarda odatda should
ishlatiladi. Should I read this book?
Men bu kitobni o’qishim kerakmi?
 Juda rasmiy holatlarda ought to ham ishlatilishi mumkin.
Unda ought egadan oldinga chiqib to esa egadan keyin
keladi.
Ought we to be more worried about the
environment? Biz ko’proq atrof muhit haqida
xavotirlanishimiz kerakmi?
 Test 1

1. I … write good poems. A) can’t B) have to

A) cans B) can C) shouldn’t D) could
C) to can D) canned 12. If you drink cold water
2. You … these new words. in winter, you … catch a
A) must to learn cold.
B) must learning A) may B) have to
C) must learns C) need D) are able
D) must learn 13. You … to have a lot
of money to be happy.
3. She … sleeping at
the moment. A) needn’t B) mustn’t
A) may be B) may is C) shouldn’t D) don’t have
C) may to be D) may being 14. People … respect each
other.
4. Young people … to
respect elderly people. A) might B) should
A) should B) must C) could D) need
C) can D) ought 15. Sorry, I’m busy now so I
5. She … dance very well a … go with you.
few years ago. A) should B) must
A) can B) could C) can’t D) needn’t to
C) must D) may 16. He … be a very good
writer because his novels are
6. My sister … help my
so interesting.
mother.
A) needn’t B) must
A) were able to B) can to
C) can’t D) might
C) must to D) has to
17. She … be 12 years
7. … I come in, teacher?
old because she looks
A) Might B) Need so old.
C) May D) Must A) ought not B) should
8. You … any book you want. C) must D) can’t
A) might taking B) may take 18. People … cleverer
C) must to take D) can taking than animals.
9. My parents … leave A) must be B) needn’t be
for Bukhara next week. C) should to be D) might being
A) might B) had to 19. It … be very funny
C) need D) ought because everybody is
10. You … go to school laughing so much.
on Sundays. A) can’t B) shouldn’t
A) can’t B) doesn’t have to C) could D) must
C) needn’t D) might not 20. – Where is my book?
11. If you want to be healthy, - I don’t know. It … in your bag.
you … speak little, eat little A) can’t B) may
and sleep little. C) must D) shouldn’t

101
 Test 2

1. … you close the door, 11. She is your classmate. You

please?
… know her very well.
A) Should B) Must A) could B) would
C) Can D) May
C) need D) must
2. You … learn hard, if you 12. … you do me a favour?
want to enter university.
A) May B) Ought
A) need B) would
C) Could D) Must
C) must D) might
13. He … do it but I don’t.
3. - Who … run fastest?
- Tom, because he is
A) has to B) can
a sportsman. C) may D) should
A) should to B) can 14. You … take care of
C) have to D) ought yourself or no one else will do
that for you.
4. You … do any mistakes
in this test. It’s very A) would B) might
important. C) ought to D) could
A) should B) mustn’t 15. My friend … to
C) needn’t D) might learn English.
5. … I see the A) must B) needs
headmaster, please? C) may D) can
A) Must B) Would 16. … you please, help us!
C) Need D) May A) May B) Should
6. You … play with matches. C) Must D) Can
It’s dangerous. 17. I think you … read
A) might not B) mustn’t this book.
C) needn’t D) shouldn’t to A) has to B) ought
7. I don’t know. You … be C) could D) should
right. 18. You … do so. It
A) may B) should isn’t necessary.
C) need D) must A) mustn’t B) can’t
8. I … to pay our debts. C) needn’t D) mightn’t
A) must B) may 19. You … make so much
C) should D) ought noise here. It’s a hospital.
9. We … help each other. We A) wouldn’t B) needn’t
are friends. C) mustn’t D) should
A) needn’t B) must 20. In my opinion, you …
C) has to D) ought tell your secrets to your
friends.
10. He said that I … take
A) shouldn’t B) might not
this book.
A) can B) may C) needn’t D) ought not
C) must D) might
 Test 3
1. Helen … buy that dress if 12. You … be here
she wanted to. tomorrow morning. It’s
A) must B) could very important.
C) can D) need A) could B) may
2. Last week Laziz broke his C) must D) can
leg and … go to the lesson. 13. Ann is free today, so we
A) had to B) might … go to the party.
C) needn’t D) wasn’t able to A) ought B) can
3. If you see Tom this evening, C) need D) might to
… you tell him to phone me? 14. You … work now if you
A) can B) may don’t want to. You may do it
C) must D) shall tomorrow.
4. … you show me those A) can’t B) mustn’t
black shoes? C) don’t need to
A) Can B) Might D) didn’t have to
C) May D) Must 15. Helen … come to
5. He … swim very well when school today. She isn’t
he was young. very well.
A) could B) should A) had to B) ought to
C) ought to D) need C) can’t D) needn’t to
6. I can’t meet you on Friday. I 16. Anvar was standing very
… work. far from you. You … see him.
A) may B) need A) mustn’t B) couldn’t
C) must not D) will have to C) needn’t D) can’t
7. Your sister is getting 17. We … protect our
better. You … worry. environment from
A) have to B) may not pollution.
C) can’t D) needn’t A) has to B) must
8. He tried but … C) need D) ought
persuade anybody. 18. Olim … spend a lot of
A) can B) won’t time looking for his friend’s
C) might D) couldn’t new house yesterday
9. She … speak well when because he didn’t know the
town well.
she was two years old.
A) can B) must A) can B) had to
C) has to D) must
C) could D) might
10. When does Ann … go 19. - … we finish our
work today?
to hospital?
- No, you …
A) must B) need
C) can D) have to
A) May/can
11. The doctor tells me that I B) Might/couldn’t
… to go jogging every C) Can/should
morning. D) Must/needn’t
A) must B) should 20. I didn’t feel very well
C) can D) have yesterday so I … go to
hospital.

103
A) could B) might
C) have to D) had to
 Test 4
1. … I have an orange A) needn’t to B) might
juice, please? C) couldn’t D) can’t
A) Could B) Need 12. The girl … take care of
C) Might D) Must her younger sisters and
2. - Must I do this exercise brothers, because her
too? parents are
- No, you … . It isn’t work any more.
neccessary.
A) mustn’t B) can’t
C) don’t have to D) may not
3. I looked through this book
for about 2 hours, but … find
anything interesting.
A) may not B) had to
C) can’t D) wasn’t able to
4. Anvar … have gone far
yet. I saw him a minute ago.
A) needn’t B) won’t
C) can’t D) shouldn’t
5. A: … I phone you
tonight? B: Yes, you …
A) Could/can’t
B) Should/needn’t
C) May/may
D) Must/might
6. There are so many clouds
in the sky. I think it … rain
today.
A) must B) has to
C) can’t D) ought to
7. My granny … see very
well when she was young.
A) may B) will C) can D)
could
8. Guests of the hotel … warn
the clerk in advance when
they leave. It’s a rule.
A) must B) need C) can D)
may
9. It is not a rush hour. Trams
… be overcrowded.
A) can B) needn’t
C) must D) can’t
10. You … do this work
yourself, if you try.
A) must B) had to
C) can D) need
105
11. I am very tired. I …
seriously ill.
A) has to B) shouldn’t
C) could D) need
13. If you want to improve
your English, you … work
very hard.
A) are able to B) must
C) can D) might
14. – He lives near his work.
- He is lucky, he … go to
the office by crowded
buses.
A) doesn’t have to B) can’t
C) mustn’t D) shouldn’t
15. I … translate this
text yesterday. … you
help me to translate it
tonight?
A) may not/May
B) can’t/Must
C) couldn’t/Can
D) needn’t/Could
16. I … write a letter to
Ann. I haven’t written her
for ages.
A) should B) may
C) can D) could
17. Last year I … skate well,
but after some practice I …
now.
A) mustn’t/can B) must/needn’t
C) couldn’t/can D) may/should
18. Karim … leave for
school so early. It’s only
seven o’clock.
A) needn’t B) shouldn’t to
C) don’t have to D) ought to
19. Mother, look! I … skate
well.
A) must B) ought to
C) can D) could
20. Nodira has failed her
exam. She … be happy.
A) can’t B) should
C) must D) needn’t
 Test 5

1. - Daddy, … I go to the 10. Oh, my God! How … I tell

cinema? him that he has failed the exam?
- No, you … . The film is for
grown- ups only.
A) need/must B) shall/haven’t
C) may/can’t D) can/needn’t
2. The fire spread through
the building quickly but
everybody … escape.
A) was able to B) should
C) had to D) may
3. Olim … go to the
cinema tomorrow. He
has done his homework
very well.
A) have to B) could
C) may D) had to
4. If I knew them better, I …
invite them to dinner.
A) may B) need
C) might D) can
5. It is 10 a.m. already. He
… be sleeping now.
A) might B) can’t
C) must D) needn’t
6. After a story is written, it
passes through the hands of
very many different workers.
Each worker checks carefully,
because there … be any
mistakes in the story.
A) couldn’t B) needn’t
C) mustn’t D) mightn’t
7. He was sick so I … help
him.
A) had to B) must
C) could D) may
8. Karim … go to see his
grandfather as he is ill. He
… go with you to the park.
A) may/had to
B) ought/can’t
C) need/must
D) has to/can’t
9. We … preserve the fauna
and flora of the earth for
the next generation.
A) must B) mustn’t
C) could D) need
A) must B) can C) must D) should
C) have D) need
11. I don’t think they …
wear masks all the
time.
A) could B) should
C) has to D) ought
12. I … some time to think
about it.
A) needn’t B) must
C) should D) need
13. She has been studying
English for a long time so
she … know it very well.
A) can’t B) could
C) needn’t D) must
14. I can’t promise, but I …
help you tomorrow.
A) has to B) need
C) might D) can
15. If you don’t have
your passport, you
… enter the
examination.
A) won’t be able
B) won’t be allowed to
C) couldn’t
D) won’t have to
16. If you join our
telegram channel, you …
to watch online lessons.
A) will be able B) can
C) may D) must
17. She is a good translator.
She … help you with your
translation.
A) can B) have to
C) is able D) couldn’t
18. I … punish you if you
don’t obey the rules.
A) may must B) might can
C) must have to D) may have
to
19. You can’t speak
English now but in three
months you …
A) will be allowed to B) have
to
C) can D) will be able to
20. You … come to the
lesson on time! It’s a rule.
A) can B) might
 Verb Tenses
Fe’l zamonlari

Present Simple
Oddiy hozirgi zamon
Yasalishi:
Darak: Ega + V1
Inkor: Ega + do/does + not +
V0 So’roq: Do/Does + Ega + V0

I go men boraman.
You go sen borasan.
We go biz boramiz.
They go Ular borishadi.
He goes U boradi.
She goes U boradi.
It goes U boradi.

Fe’llarning V1 shakli V0 shaklidan farq qiladi. V1 shakl hozirgi

zamonda va shaxs-sonda moslashgan shakl hisoblanadi. V0 esa
fe’llarning harakat nomi shaklidir. Ko’rinishda faqat uchinchi
shaxs birlikda farqlanadi. Boshqa shaxslarda bir xil hisoblanadi:
V0 - be do have work
V - am/is/are do/does have/has work/works
1

 III shaxs birlikda ya’ni I va You dan tashqari barcha

birlikdagi so’zlar bilan kelganda –s/-es oladi:
Do you speak English?
Sen Ingliz tilida gapirasanmi?
We don’t go to college.
Biz kollej bormaymiz.
My friend studies at London University.
Mening do’stim London Universitetida
o’qiydi. Does Fatima like ice-cream?
Fotima muzqaymoqni yaxshi ko’radimi?
Dilnoza knows French but she doesn’t know Korean.
Dilnoza fransuz tilini biladi, lekin u koreys tilini
bilmaydi.

Ishlatilishi:
 Doimiy va takrorlanib turuvchi ish-harakatlar va
holatlarni ifodalaydi.
Books are our best friends.
Kitoblar eng yaqin do’stimizdir.
The Sun rises in the east.
Quyosh sharqdan chiqadi.
I get up at 5.00 o’clock in the
morning. Men ertalab 5.00 da
turaman.
We pray 5 times a day.
Biz kuniga 5 marta ibodat qilamiz.

 Kalendar va jadval bo’yicha bajariladigan ish-

harakatlarni ifodalaydi.
Tomorrow is Friday.
Ertaga Juma.
The concert starts at 7.30 next Tuesday.
Konsert keyingi Seshanba 7.30 da
boshlanadi. Our plane leaves at 11.00 in
the afternoon.
Bizning samalyot kechki 11.00 da jo’nab ketadi.

Odatda quyidagi so’z va iboralar bilan keladi:

always har doim,
usually odatda
often tez-tez
sometimes ba’zan
occasionally ba’zan
seldom kamdan kam
every day har kun
every week har hafta
every year har yil
once a week haftada bir marta
twice a year yilda ikki marta
three times a month oyda uch
marta

Test 1
1. I … in Bukhara. 6. My working day … at
A) live B) lives seven o’clock.
C) living D) to live A) begin B) begins
2. My sister … to school. C) does begin D) do begin
A) go B) goes 7. My father and I … home
C) going D) to go at eight o’clock.
3. … you … ice-cream? A) leave B) leaves
A) -/like B) Do/like C) does leave D) to live
C) Does/like D) Do/likes 8. My sister … up at
4. … this your watch? eight o’clock.
A) Is B) Does C) Do D) A) get B) does get
Are C) gets D) getting
5. They … nice people. 9. After breakfast she …
to school.
A) are B) is C) do D) does
107
A) goes B) does C) go D) do C) do/play D) is/play
10. She … French well. 16. My friends from Switzerland
A) speaks B) speak … four languages.
C) does speak D) talk A) speak B) speaks
11. I … my sister to school C) do speak D) does speak
every day. 17. Tom … football on Saturday.
A) takes B) take A) plays B) play
C) taking D) does take C) playing D) to play
12. They usually … to the 18. My father … on Sunday.
river for a swim. A) don’t works
A) to go B) goes
B) don’t work
C) go D) does go
C) doesn’t work
13. … he … in the centre
of Chicago?
D) work
A) -/works B) does/works 19. … he … his mother
every day?
C) does/work D) do/work
A) does/helps B) do/helps
14. They … … many books.
C) does/help D) do/help
A) don’t read
20. Who … your favourite
B) don’t reads opera singer?
C) doesn’t read A) do B) does
D) doesn’t reads C) is D) are
15. … you … volleyball well?
A) do/plays B) does/play

Test 2
1. She … dinner every C) is/study D) -/study
Monday. 7. They … good dancers
A) cooks B) cook but they … to discos
C) is cook D) does cook very often.
2. The baby always … A) is/doesn’t go
after dinner. B) are/don’t go
A) sleeps B) sleep C) is/don’t go
C) does sleep D) sleeping
D) are/doesn’t go
3. My grandmother … 8. The children … in the
on pension. yard every day.
A) are B) does A) plays B) play
C) is D) do C) is play D) are play
4. When … you usually … 9. … your father … in
home from school? this factory?
A) does/come B) do/come A) is/work B) does/works
C) does/comes D) is/come C) does/work D) do/work
5. Where … your cousin …?
A) does/work B) does/works 10. I … what to give my
C) do/works D) do/work brother for his birthday.
6. … your sister … at college? A) doesn’t know B) don’t know
A) do/study B) does/study C) isn’t know D) knows
11. We all … the sea. C) does take D) do take
A) likes B) like 21. Barbara’s boss … she
C) does like D) do like is always late for work.
12. I … to see my father. A) see B) does see
A) wants B) doesn’t want C) sees D) is see
C) want D) wanting 22. … you … me now?
13. He … in a position to A) does/hear B) is/hear
lend her money. C) do/hear D) do/hears
A) feel B) feels 23. What language …
C) doesn’t feels they usually …?
D) don’t feel A) are/speak B) is/speak
14. I … in myself. C) does/speak D) do/speak
A) believes B) believe 24. How often … she
C) doesn’t believe … medicine?
D) is believe A) does/takes B) does/take
15. He … walking but he C) do/take D) is/take
… jogging. 25. What … they …
A) dislikes/like for breakfast?
B) dislike/like A) does/eat B) do/eats
C) do/eat D) are/eat
C) dislikes/likes
26. He … tea every morning.
D) likes /dislike
A) drink B) doesn’t drink
16. In the evening I often …
C) don’t drink D) isn’t drink
to see my friends.
A) goes B) does 27. I … in the daytime.
A) don’t sleep B) doesn’t sleep
C) go D) do
C) not to sleep D) not sleeping
17. On Sunday we sometimes
… to the cinema. 28. They … at the lesson.
A) is go B) go A) doesn’t eat B) don’t eats
C) goes D) are go C) don’t eat D) not to eat
18. It … six o’clock in 29. … you … the guitar
the evening. very well?
A) start B) starts A) do/play B) does/play
C) does start D) is start C) do/plays D) is/play
19. I … a letter to her very 30. I … it is very easy test
often. for you.
A) writes B) write A) think B) thinks
C) writing D) to write C) am think D) do think
20. It usually … me an hour
to do my written exercises.
A) takes B) take

109
 Present Continuous
Davomli hozirgi
Yasalishi:
Darak: Ega + am/is/are + Ving
Inkor: Ega + am/is/are + not +
Ving So’roq: Am/Is/Are + Ega +
I am writing a book.
Men kitob yozyapman.
Are you listening to
me? Meni
tinglayapsizmi?
My washing machine isn’t working at the
moment. Kir yuvish mashinam ayni paytda
ishlamayapti.
Ishlatilishi:
 Ayni paytda bajarilayotgan yoki davom etayotgan
ish- harakatlarni ifodalaydi.
We are learning English now.
Biz hozir ingliz tilini o’rganyapmiz.
Look! It is raining outside.
Qarang! Tashqarida yomg’ir yog’yapti.
The Sun is shining brightly in the sky.
Osmonda quyosh yorqin
charaqlayapti.
Most people in the world are trying to be rich.
Dunyodagi ko’pchilik odamlar boy bo’lishga harakat qilishyapti.

 Ayni paytda bo’lmasa ham shu vaqt atrofida bajarilayotgan

ish- harakatlarni ifodalaydi.
We are learning Verb Tenses at our English
course. Biz ingliz tili kursimizda Fe’l zamonlarini
o’rganyapmiz.

 Kelasi zamonda rejalashtirilgan ish-harakatlarni

ifodalaydi. I am going to Malaysia in December.
Men dekabrda Malaysia ketyapman.
My friend is getting married next month.
Do’stim keyingi oy turmush quryapti.
 Ayni paytda sodir bo’layotgan vaqtinchalik ish-
harakatlarni ifodalaydi.
I’m working in this company this week but next week I’m going to
change my job.
Men shu hafta bu kompaniyada ishlayapman lekin keyingi haftada
ishimni o’zgartirmoqchiman.
I am staying with my friends until I find a new flat.
Yangi kvartira topgunimcha do’stlarimnikida
turibman.
E’tibor bering:
Wear kiymoq
Sit o’tirmoq
Stand turmoq
Lie cho’zilib yotmoq
Stay turmoq
Fe’llari Continuous zamonlarda kelganida boshqacha tarjima
qilinadi. I’m wearing a white shirt now.
Men hozir oq kuylak kiyganman.
He is sitting with me now.
U hozir men bilan o’tiribdi.

Be going to
Istak va rejani ifodalab keladi. Odatda go va come fe’llari
bilan
ishlatilmaydi.
We are going to have a party next week.
Keyingi hafta biz ziyofat
uyushtirmoqchiman. Where are you going
to study?
Qayerda o’qimoqchisan?

Quyidagi fe’llar odatda Continuous zamonda ishlatilmaydi:

Be bo’lmoq
Have ega bo’lmoq, bor bo’lmoq
Want xohlamoq
Like yoqtirmoq
Love sevmoq
Hate nafratlanmoq
Believe ishonmoq
Belong qarashli bo’lmoq
Understand tushunmoq
Know bilmoq
See ko’rmoq
Hear eshitmoq
Depend bog’liq bo’lmoq
Lekin: have va see fe’llari boshqa ma’nolarda Continuous da kelishi
mumkin.
Taqqoslang:
I have a good friend.
Mening yaxshi do’stim
bor.
I’m having breakfast at the
moment. Ayni paytda nonushta
qilyapman.
We’re having a party next week.
Kelasi hafta ziyofat
uyushtiryapmiz. I see her every
111
day.
Men uni har kun ko’raman.
I’m seeing the doctor tomorrow.
Men ertaga shifokor bilan uchrashyapman.

Ko’pincha quyidagi payt ravishlari bilan keladi:

Now Hozir
At the moment Ayni paytda
Listen! Quloq sol!
Look! Qara!
Hush! Jim!
For the time being Ayni paytda
Currently Hozirda
Don’t bother! Bezovta qilmang
Nowadays Shu kunlarda

Test 1
1. Timothy … his dog now. 10. They … a big dinner
A) feed B) feeding together now.
C) is feed D) is feeding A) have B) are having
2. Mr. Jones … his yard. C) is having D) having
A) clean B) is cleaning 11. Look! The boys … in
C) is clean D) cleaning the garden.
3. Nancy … her kitchen. A) are playing B) play
A) is painting B) paint C) playing D) is playing
C) is paint D) painting 12. I … my homework at
4. Our neighbor … their car the moment.
at the moment. A) doing B) is doing
A) washing B) is wash C) am do D) am doing
C) is washing D) wash 13. John and his friends …
5. I … my hair now. to the library now.
A) wash B) is washing A) go B) going
C) washing D) am washing C) are going D) is going
6. Who … your sink now? 14. Look! Ann … at her desk.
A) is fixing B) fixing A) sit B) sitting
C) fix D) is fix C) is sitting D) is sit
7. What … she … now? 15. A young man … and …
at the window.
A) are/doing B) -/is doing
A) sitting/smoking
C) -/do D) is/doing
B) sit/smoke
8. The children … their
teeth now. C) is sitting/smoking
A) brush B) is brushing D) is sit/smoke
C) is brush D) are brushing 16. The old man … about
9. What … he … at the the room now.
moment? A) walk B) walking
A) is/doing B) -/is doing C) is walking D) is walk
C) are/doing D) -/do

113
17. The dog … on the floor 19. What language … you
right now. … now?
A) lie B) lying A) -/studying
C) is lying D) is lie B) are/studying
18. … you … a break at C) is/studying D) -/study
the moment?
20. Who … on the sofa?
A) Have/- B) -/have
A) is lie B) lying
C) Are/having D) Is/having
C) is lying D) lie

Test 2
1. What … they … about
11. She … the violin now.
right now?
A) play B) playing
A) are/talking B) -/talk
C) is playing D) is play
C) -/talking D) is/talking
12. He … now.
2. … it still …?
A) is sleeping B) is sleep
A) Is/rain B) Is/raining
C) sleeping D) sleep
C) -/rain D) -/raining
13. We … tea now.
3. Look! Nazokat …
A) drinking B) are drinking
A) dance B) dancing
C) is drink B) is drinking
C) is dancing D) is dance
14. We … TV now.
4. John … computer games
at the moment. A) aren’t watching
A) play B) is playing B) not watching
C) are playing D) playing C) not watch
5. My friend … a book now. D) isn’t watching
A) reading B) is reading 15. My mother … now.
C) are reading D) is read A) aren’t working
6. She … tired now. B) not working
A) feel B) is feeling C) isn’t working
C) are feeling D) feeling D) not work
7. We … a private lesson 16. He … at the moment.
in computer science at A) isn’t working
the moment. B) aren’t working
A) have B) are having C) not work
C) is having D) having D) not working
8. I … my sister to school 17. Your sister … to you now.
now.
A) not listen
A) am taking B) take B) not listening
C) taking D) is take
C) isn’t listening
9. He … his father now.
D) aren’t listening
A) help B) is helping
18. What … your brother
C) helping D) is help
… now?
10. At the moment they … to A) -/drink B) -/drinking
the river for a swim. C) is/drinking
A) is going B) go D) are/drinking
C) going D) are going
113
19. … everybody … a good A) isn’t starting B) not start
time now? C) not starting
A) -/ having B) are/ having
D) aren’t starting
C) / haves D) is/ having.
26. The days are … colder
20. … she …medicine now? and colder.
A) is/ taking B) - / takes A) become B) becoming
C) -/took D)was/ taking C) becomes D) being becoming
21. … you … TV now? 27. You can switch off the
A) -/watching B) -/watch radio. I …
C) Are/watching A) not listen
D) Is/watch B) not listening
22. Listen! Somebody … C) isn’t listening
A) sing B) singing D) am not listening
C) is singing D) is sing 28. Why … you … at me
23. My friends … to our party. like this? What has
A) isn’t coming B) not come happened?
D) not coming A) are/look B) -/looking
D) aren’t coming C) -/look D) are/looking
24. … your brother … English 29. It … late. I must go home.
at the moment? A) get B) getting
A) Are/learning B) -/learn C) is get D) is getting
C) -/learning D) Is/learning 30. I … to sleep, good night!
25. My car … now. Help A) go B) am go
me, please. C) going D) am going

Present Simple
Present

1. What … you …? I’m doing 7. The children … very hungry.

my homework.
A) isn’t B) doesn’t C) aren’t
A) do/do B) are/doing
8. He … his brown coat only
C) does/do
on Sundays.
2. It … hot in summer.
A) wear B) is wearing
A) does B) do C) is C) wears
3. … your parents work 9. Where … the dog usually …?
at a bank.
A) does/sleep B) do/sleeps
A) Does B) Are C) Do
C) is/sleeping
4. … the apples ripe?
10. - … Sam … now?
A) Does B) Are C) Do - Yes, he is.
5. … Tom … to school A) Does/smoke
everyday?
B) Is/smoking
A) Is/going B) Do/go
C) Do/smokes
C) Does/goes D) Does/go
11. All the animals that
6. - Who … in France?
have babies … milk.
- The French do.
A) is giving B) gives
A) live B) lives C) are living
C) give 14. Look! Granny … by
12. I … very glad. the window as usual.
A) don’t B) isn’t C) am A) is sitting B) sit C) sits
not 15. … it difficult to write
13. Wait for me, I … a rhyme?
A) come B) comes A) Does B) Do C) Is
C) am coming

Present simple &

Present
1. His father … TV at the C) is getting D) am getting
moment.
A) doesn’t watch
B) don’t watch
C) isn’t watching
D) aren’t watching
2. I … coffee in the evening.
I drink coffee in the
morning.
A) don’t drink
B) doesn’t drink
C) am not drinking
D) aren’t drinking
3. … your friend …
his homework now?
A) does/do B) do/do
C) is/doing D) are/doing
4. Look! The baby …
A) sleeps B) sleep
C) is sleeping
D) are sleeping
5. The baby always …
after dinner.
A) sleeps B) sleep
C) is sleeping
D) are sleeping
6. My grandmother …. She is
on pension.
A) doesn’t work
B) don’t work
C) isn’t working
D) aren’t working
7. I usually … up at
seven o’clock in the
morning.
A) gets B) get
115
8. When … you usually …
home
from school?
A) does/come B) do/come
C) are/coming D) is/coming
9. … your sister … at college?
A) Does/study
B) Do/study
C) Is/studying
D) Are/studying
10. Who … breakfast for
you now?
A) make B) makes
C) is making D) are making
11. They … good dancers.
A) is B) am C) are D) do
12. What … she … about
right now?
A) does/talk B) do/talk
C) is/talking D) are/talking
13. The children … in the
yard every day.
A) plays B) play
C) is playing D) are playing
14. They … to the
stadium on Monday.
A) doesn’t go B) don’t go
C) isn’t going D) aren’t going
15. … you work in an office?
A) Are B) Is
C) Do D) Does
16. He isn’t … now.
A) work B) works
C) working
17. … you playing chess now?
A) Does B) Do C) Are D) Is
18. Look at the sky: the B) don’t know
clouds C) am not knowing
… slowly.
D) not know
A) move B) moves
20. … they … to publish
C) are moving D) is moving
this book in July?
19. I … what to give my A) Does/want B) Do/want
brother for his birthday.
C) Is/wanting D) Are/wanting
A) doesn’t know

Present Perfect
Tugallangan hozirgi
Yasalishi:
Darak: Ega + have/has + V3
Inkor: Ega + have/has + not
+ V3 So’roq: Have/Has + Ega
I have done my homework.
Men uyga vazifamni bajarib bo’ldim.
They have not come yet.
Ular hali kelishmadi.
Has she ever been to Bukhara?
U biror marta Buxoroda bo’lganmi?
Ishlatilishi:
 Hozirgina tugagan ish-harakat va holatlarni
ifodalaydi. I have just seen her in the street.
Men uni hozirgina ko’chada ko’rdim.
Oh! I’ve cut my finger.
Oh! Barmog’imni kesib oldim.
 Natijasi ko’z oldimizda bo’lgan va o’tgan zamon
signallarisiz kelgan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi.
I have bought a new book.
Men yangi kitob sotib
oldim.
Look! My hair is clean. I have washed
it. Qara! Sochim toza. Men uni yuvdim.
The walls are white now. I have painted
them. Devorlar endi oq. Men ularni
bo’yadim.
 Biror ish-harakat yoki holatning hozirgacha sodir bo’lgan
yoki bo’lmaganini, necha marotaba sodir bo’lganini,
qancha ish bajarilganini ifodalaydi.
Have you ever seen a shark?
Sen biror marta akulani ko’rganmisan?
My teacher has read this book twice.
O’qituvchim bu kitobni ikki marta o’qigan.
117
I have read ten books this year.
Men bu yil 10 ta kitob o’qidim.
Ko’pincha quyidagi payt ravishlari bilan keladi:
Already allaqachon
Ever biror marta
Yet hali, hali ham
Just hozirgina
Recently yaqinda
Lately yaqinda
So far hozirgacha
Since -dan beri
For -dan beri
 Quyidagi payt ravishlariga e’tibor bering. Tarkibida last
so’zi ishtirok etgani sababli Past Simple ning payt
ravishlari bilan adashtirmaslik kerak.
In the last three months so’nggi uch oyda
For the last five years so’nggi besh yildan beri
For va since
Since va for – dan beri deb tarjima qilinadi ammo ikkalasining
ishlatilish o’rni turlicha.
Since biror bir ish-harakatning boshlanish davrini
bildiradi, lekin ish-harakat qancha davom etganini
ifodalamaydi.
I’ve been in the USA since July.
Men iyuldan beri Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlaridaman.
Ann has lived in Moscow since she got married.
Anna turmushga chiqganidan beri Moskvada yashaydi.
For esa ish-harakatning qancha muddat davom etganini
ifodalashda ishlatiladi. Bunda ish-harakatning boshlanish sanasi
yoki davri ahamiyatga ega emas.Muhimi uni qancha davom
etganligi.
I’ve known this woman for three
months. Men bu ayolni uch oydan beri
taniyman. He has been ill for a long
time.
U uzoq vaqtdan beri kasal.
For Since
a long time Octobe
four r
months two Friday
weeks an 22April
hour 2014
five years 8 p.m
ten New
minutes Year I
ages got up

117
 Test 1

1. Have you ever … of C) hasn’t /told D) have/told

Harry Gudini? 12. I … in this city for
A) hear B) hearing six months.
C) heared D) heard A) been B) have be
2. I … just … my work. C) has been D) have been
A) has/finished 13. Erica … a teacher
B) have/finished since 1994.
C) have/finish A) has been B) have be
D) has/finished C) been D) has be
3. What … you done? 14. Tom … to Uzbekistan
since 2002
A) did B) have
C) do D) has
A) hasn’t come
4. He … yet. B) hasn’t coming
A) hasn’t arrived C) not has come
B) not has arrived D) hasn’t comed
C) haven’t arrive 15. Where … you … all
the time?
D) not have arrived
A) have/been B) have/be
5. … you already … this C) -/been D) has/been
film?
16. I … you for a while.
A) Has/seen B) Have/seen
A) haven’t see
C) Have/see D) Has/see
B) haven’t seen
6. I … never … such
an interesting book. C) hasn’t se
A) have/read B) has/read D) not have seen
C) have/readed 17. I … a lot for some weeks.
D) haven’t/read A) has doed B) have do
7. I … her for three years. C) has did D) have done
A) know B) have know 18. They … never … to
any theatre so far.
C) have knowed
A) have/been B) has/been
D) have known C) haven’t/been D) have/be
8. They … here since you 19. She … the guitar for
left. some years.
A) has be B) have been A) hasn’t played
C) have be D) has been B) haven’t play
9. This is the best car I … C) haven’t play
ever
D) not has played
…
20. … you already … the
A) have/see B) has/see
new exhibition at the
C) have/seen D) has/seen
Museum of Modern Art?
10. We have just … A) Has/seen B) Have/seen
A) comes B) come C) Have/see D) Has/see
C) comed D) coming
11. Tom … never … a lie.
He is always honest.
A) has/told B) have/tell
 D) hasn’t see
1. She … any books in
English, has she?
A) haven’t read
B) hasn’t read
C) have read
D) has readed
2. Charles and Jill … so
far, have they?
A) haven’t meet
B) hasn’t met
C) haven’t met
D) hasn’t meet
3. Why … Tom … yet?
A) hasn’t /arrive
B) haven’t/arrived
C) hasn’t /arrived
D) haven’t /arrive
4. … you ever … ‘Romeo
and Juliet’?
A) Has/read B) Has/readed
C) Have/read
D) Have/readed
5. I … new shoes.
A) has bought
B) have bought
C) have buy D) has buy
6. Who … just …?
A) has/shouted
B) has/shout
C) have/shout
D) has/shouting
7. I … maths for several
hours.
A) have studied
B) have studyed
C) have study D) has study
8. They … never … to
London so far.
A) have/was B) has/be
C) have/be D) have/been
9. He … any snow, yet.
A) hasn’t seen
B) not has seen
C) haven’t seen

119
Test 2 B) hasn’t comed
10. She … tennis for C) haven’t come
many years. D) haven’t comed
A) hasn’t played 19. I … this book several times.
B) hasn’t play
C) haven’t play
D) haven’ t played
11. They … just … three
miles.
A) has/run B) has/runned
C) have/run
D) have/runned
12. I … Australia before.
A) haven’t visited
B) hasn’t visited
C) not have visited
D) haven’t visit
13. The McMillans … a
lot of food for the
party. It looks
delicious.
A) have prepared
B) has prepared
C) have prepare
D) has prepare
14. The Police … two
men for the robbery
and it’s time to
question them.
A) has arrested
B) have arrested
C) has arrest D) have arrest
15. … you … this man
before?
A) Have/seen B) Has/seen
C) Has/see B) Have/see
16. He … since two o’clock.
A) has been B) have been
C) has be D) have be
17. We have already
… ten bottles into
the fridge.
A) drink B) drank
C) drunk D) drinking
18. Tom … to the party yet.
A) hasn’t come
A) have read B) has read B) hasn’t found
C) have reading C) haven’t find
D) have readed D) hasn’t find
20. It … never … like that. 26. Oh, I’ve … myself!
A) has/snowed A) hurt B) hurted
B) has/snow C) have/snow C) hurting D) hurtted
D) have/snowed 27. Have you … your lunch yet?
21. Which book … you …? A) eat B) ate
A) have/choose C) eaten D) eating
B) has/choose 28. Oh sorry, I’ve … your dress.
C) have/choosed A) cut B) cutted
D) have/chosen C) cutting D) cuted
22. … Julia already … 29. I’m tired. I… up
the room? 48 questions.
A) Has/leave B) Have/leave A) have make B) has make
C) Has/leaved D) Has/left C) have made
23. I … you four times. D) have maked
A) have ringed B) has rang 30. I … never … that
C) have rung D) has rung teachers may give so many
24. … you already … my homework. It’s not fair.
name? A) have/thought
A) Have/forgotten B) has/thought
B) Have/forgot C) haven’t /think
C) Have/forget D) has/think
D) Has/forgot
25. We … the book so far.
A) haven’t found

Present Perfect Continuous

Hozirgi tugallangan davomli zamon
Yasalishi:
Darak: Ega + have/has + been Ving
Inkor: Ega + have/has + not been
Ving So’roq: Have/Has + Ega +

I have been learning English for a month.

Men bir oydan beri ingliz tilini
o’rganyapman. She hasn’t been waiting for
a long time.
U uzoq vaqtdan beri kutayotgani yo’q.
Have you been working here since
September? Bu yerda sentabrdan121 beri
ishlayapsizmi?
Ishlatilishi:
O’tgan zamonda boshlanib hozirgacha davom etayotgan ish-
harakatlarni ifodalaydi.
It has been raining since morning.
Ertalabdan beri yomg’ir yog’yapti.
He has been watching TV for five
hours. U besh soatdan beri televizor
ko’ryapti.

Asosan how long, since va for so’zlari bilan keladi.

Ko’zda tutilmagan yoki salbiy natijasi ko’z oldimizda bo’lgan ish-

harakatni ifodalaydi.
I’m tired. I have been working in the garden.
Men charchadim. Men bog’da ishladim.
You are out of breath. Have you been
running? Hansirayapsiz. Yugurdingizmi?

Test 1
1. She … here for five years. A) have been learning
A) has working B) have been learn
B) has been work C) have learning
C) been working D) been learning
D) has been working 7. I … so I'm really hot.
2. I … all day. A) been cooking
A) have been studying B) have been cooking
B) have studying C) have been cook
C) have been study D) have cooking
D) been studying 8. She … to the cinema
3. You … a lot recently. every weekend for years.
A) have eating A) has been go
B) have been eating B) has going
C) have been eat C) has been going
D) been eating D) been going
4. We … in London for 9. It … the pavement is wet.
six months. . A) has been rain
A) have living B) has raining
B) been living C) been raining
C) have been living D) has been raining
D) have been live 10. You … for twelve hours.
5. He … football, so he's A) have been sleeping
tired.
B) have sleeping
A) has playing
C) have been sleep
B) has been playing
D) been sleeping
C) has been play
11. I … since you came today.
D) been playing

121
6. They … English for two years. A) aren’t been working
B) haven’t working B) hasn’t been snowing
C) haven’t been work C) haven’t been snowing
D) haven’ t been working D) hasn’t snowing
12. You … well recently. . 17. He … football for five years.
A) haven’t eating A) hasn’t been playing
B) haven’t been eating B) haven’t been playing
C) not been eating C) hasn’t playing
D) haven’t been eat D) haven’t been played
13. We … enough for now. 18. We … enough water -
A) haven’t exercising that's why we feel tired.
B) not been exercising A) haven’t drinking
C) haven’t been exercising B) haven’t been drink
D) haven’t been exercise C) haven’t drink
14. She … since Monday. D) haven’t been drinking
A) hasn’t been studying 19. I … for two days.
B) not been studying A) haven’t been sleeping
C) hasn’t studying B) haven’t sleep
D) hasn’t been study C) haven’t sleeping
15. They … here for very D) haven’t been sleep
long. . 20. They … TV much recently.
A) hasn’t been living A) hasn’t been watching
B) haven’t living B) haven’t been watch
C) hasn’t living C) hasn’t watching
D) haven’t been living D) haven’t been watching
16. It … since last year.
A) haven’t snowing
Test 2
A) has been playing
1. He … in this company B) has playing
since 1985. C) have been playing
A) has been working D) have playing
B) has working 5. How long … you … English?
C) have been working A) have/been learn
D) has been work B) has/been learning
2. I … for you since two C) have/been learning
o'clock. D) have/learning
A) have waiting 6. We … for the motorway
B) have been waiting for more than an hour.
C) have been wait A) have been looking
D) has been waiting B) have looking
3. Mary … in Germany C) has been looking
since 1992. D) has looking
A) have been living 7. I … without electricity for
B) have living two weeks.
C) has been living A) have living
D) has living B) have been live
4. - Why is he so tired? 123
- He … tennis for five hours.
C) has living C) Have you been sleeping
D) have been living D) You have been sleeping
8. The film … for ten minutes
yet, but there's a commercial
break already.
A) hasn’t been running
B) hasn’t running
C) hasn’t been run
D) haven’t been running
9. How long … in the garden?
A) she has been working
B) she has working
C) has she been working
D) has she working
10. She … in the garden for
more than an hour.
A) hasn’t been working
B) hasn’t working
C) hasn’t been work
D) not been working
11. We … for a long time.
A) have been walking
B) has been walking
C) have walking
D) has walking
12. My brother … television all
day and my mother is not
happy.
A) has been watching
B) have been watching
C) has watching
D) have watching
13. We … for the past 6
hours and we are all very
tired.
A) have been studying
B) has studying
C) has been studying
D) have studying
14. I … this book for very long.
A) haven't been reading
B) haven’t reading
C) hasn't been reading
D) hasn’t reading
15. … all afternoon?
A) Has you been sleeping
B) You has been sleeping
123
16. The tap … for a week. over the last few months.
I need to replace the A) haven’t been getting
washer. B) hasn’t getting
A) have been leaking C) haven’t getting
B) have leaking D) hasn’t been getting
C) has been leaking
D) has leaking
17. My mother … hard
all day and she is quite
tired.
A) have been working
B) have working
C) has been working
D) has working
18. For the past three years,
we
… in a small apartment.
A) have been living
B) have been live
C) has been living
D) has been live
19. I … for long. Really!
A) hasn't been crying
B) haven't been crying
C) hasn’t crying
D) haven’t crying
20. You phone has been
busy for the past hour. … to
someone?
A) Has you been talking
B) Have you been talking
C) You has been talking
D) You have been talking
21. The university …
students here for over
twenty years to do work
experience.
A) has been sending
B) has sending
C) has been send
D) been sending
22. I … to do that for ten
years.
A) have dreaming
B) have been dreaming
C) has dreaming
D) has been dreaming
23. You … good results
24. They … all week. They're C) have been work
on strike D) been working
A) hasn’t been working 28. He … here since 2001.
B) haven’t been working A) have been working
C) hasn’t working B) have working
D) haven’ t working C) have working
25. He … to me for weeks.
D) has been working
A) hasn’t talking 29. She … to her regularly
B) haven’ t been talking for a couple of years.
C) hasn’t been talking A) has writing
D) haven’t talking B) has been write
26. We … hard on it for ages. C) has wrote
A) haven’t working D) has been writing
B) am not been working 30. He … me all week for
C) not have been working an answer.
D) haven’t been working A) has phone
27. I … at other options B) have phoning
recently. C) has been phoning
A) have been looking D) has phoning
B) have looking

Test 3
A) for B) since
1. Tom has been in Tashkent 11. My uncle has had his
… 3 weeks. own business … 2015.
2. I’ve been working as a 12. I’ve been working on
lawyer this project … last spring.
… a long time. 13. The baby has been crying
3. We have been married … … midnight.
a year. 14. We haven’t had a break
4. Ann has lived here … … 12 hours.
her wedding. 15. Diseases have
5. I’ve not seen you … been increasing …
last month. centuries.
6. The soup has been boiling 16. I’ve been looking for this
… an hour. melody … I heard it for the
7. They haven’t been on first time.
holiday 17. He has been talking to
… ages. his friend … the last 2
8. The shop has been hours.
opened .. morning. 18. She hasn’t come out …
9. My granny has been 9 o’clock.
telling the same stories … 5 19. I’ve been waiting … May.
years. 20. My kitten has been missing
10. He has been studying … last night.
chemistry … he was in 7th
grade.

125
 Present Perfect Continuous & Present Perfect
1. We … my parents since C) has never been winning
last month.
10. We … in this café before.
A) haven’t seen
A) haven’t been eating
B) haven’t been seeing
B) haven’t eaten
C) hasn’t seen
C) hasn’t eaten
2. My friends and I … since
2 o’clock.
11. I don’t want to go out.
The cold wind … since
A) have sunbathed
morning.
B) have been sunbathing A) have been blowing
C) has been sunbathing B) has blown
3. Sally … news since she C) has been blowing
left university.
12. It’s the first time Martin
A) have reported
… ill.
B) has been reporting A) has been falling
C) has reported B) has fallen
4. Jane is abroad. She … C) have fallen
three countries.
13. How long … this research?
A) has already been visiting
A) have you been making
B) have already visited
B) has you been making
C) has already visited
C) have you made
5. … dancing lessons?
14. … many people to
A) Has you ever taken
our wedding ceremony?
B) Have you ever taken A) Has you invited
C) Has you ever been taking B) Have you been inviting
6. I … money for ages C) Have you invited
because I’m going to buy a
new flat next year.
15. Cathy … since 2 o’clock.
She is exhausted.
A) has been saving
A) have been driving
B) have been saving
B) has driven
C) have saved
C) has been driving
7. My uncle is a doctor. He
16. Bob … his new pencil case.
… lots of vital operations.
A) has made A) have already lost
B) has been making B) has already lost
C) have made C) has already been losing
8. Jack is cold. He … for 17. We … to such a big
too long. park before.
A) has been swimming A) have never been
B) have been swimming B) has never been
C) has swum C) haven’t never been
9. Den … championships 18. My eyes are tired. I …
before. since afternoon.
A) has never won A) has been reading
B) hasn’t never won B) have been reading
C) have read
19. He … in London for A) have been B) has been
two weeks now. C) has being
A) has been staying 23. I … to go scuba diving.
B) have been staying A) have always wanted
C) has stayed B) have always been wanting
20. We … the rent yet. C) has always wanted
A) hasn’t paid 24. Where have you been? Mom
B) haven’t been paying … for you all day.
C) haven’t paid A) has looked
21. … books for a long B) have been looking
time? C) has been looking
A) Has you been writing 25. … the latest news?
B) Have you been writing A) Have you been hearing
C) Have you written B) Have you heard
22. Marta … in the C) Has you heard
shopping centre for 2
hours.

Past Simple
Oddiy o’tgan zamon
Yasalishi:
Darak: Ega + V2
Inkor: Ega + did not +
V0 So’roq: Did + Ega +

I went to school yesterday.

Men kecha maktab bordim.
She didn’t work two days
ago. U ikki kun oldin
ishlamadi.
Did you see Tom last week?
Sen Tomni o’tgan haftada ko’rdingmi?

 Fe’lning ikkinchi shakli (V2) to’g’ri fe’llarda –ed qo’shish

orqali noto’g’ri fe’llarning shakli butunlay o’zlarish yoki
umuman o’zgarmay qolishi orqali yasaladi. (noto’g’ri
fe’llar ro’yxatini … betda ko’rishingiz mumkin).

Ishlatilishi:
 Biror ish-harakat yoki holatning o’tgan zamonda sodir
bo’lganligi haqida shunchaki xabar beradi.
I left school in 2001.
Men maktabni 2001 yil tugatganman.
They bought their first car six years
ago.
Ular birinchi mashinalarini olti yil oldin sotib olishgandi.
  O’tgan zamonda ketma-ket bajarilgan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi.
Yesterday I went shopping, bought some food and gave it to the
poor. Kecha bozor bordim, biroz oziq-ovqat sotib oldim va uni
kambag’allarga berdim.
He saw me in the street, greeted friendly and invited me to his
party. U meni ko’chada ko’rdi, do’stona salomlashdi va meni
ziyofatiga taklif etdi.

Ko’pincha quyidagi payt ravishlari bilan keladi.

Yesterday kecha
Last week o’tgan hafta
Last month o’tgan oy
Last year o’tgan yil
Two days ago ikki kun
oldin Five years ago besh yil
oldin In 1985 1985 yil

Used to
O’tgan zamonda odatlanilgan ish-harakatlar yoki mavjud
bo’lgan
holatlar lekin hozirgi zamonda bajarilmasligini yoki mavjud emasligini
ifodalashda ishlatiladi.
I used to sing a song when I was young.
Yoshligimda qo’shiq kuylardim (hozir esa
aytmayman). He used to be my friend.
U mening do’stim edi.
There used to be a cinema near my house
Uyim yaqinida kinoteatr bor edi (hozir esa
yo’q).

So’roq va inkor shakllari:

Did you use to smoke last year?
O’tgan yil chekardingizmi?
They didn’t use to be so rude when she was a child.
Bolaligida u bunchalik qo’pol emas edi.
Used to ning o’rnida would ham ishlatilish
mumkin. I would sing a song when I was young.
Yoshligimda qo’shiq kuylardim. Farqi:

Used to Would
Harakat va holatni ifodalaydi Harakatni
ifodalaydi
Aniq vaqt oralig’i ko’rsatilishi Aniq vaqt oralig’i ko’rsatilishi
shart emas kerak.
Kundalik hayotda ko’proq Biroz rasmiy va used to ga
ishlatiladi qaranda kamroq ishlatiladi

127
 Test 1
1. What … your neighbours C) washed/look
… yesterday?
D) washed/looked
A) did/do B) did/did
12. The children … their teeth,
C) did/- D) -/did
… a little and went to bed.
2. Mr Smith … his car A) brush/yawned
yesterday morning. B) brushed/yawned
A) fix B) fixes C) brushed/yawn
C) fixed D) was fix D) were brush/yawn
3. His wife … her lovely 13. Their mother … her clothes.
flowers. A) change B) changes
A) water B) watered C) was change D) changed
C) was water 14. Her husband … a
D) did watered cigarette and talked to his
4. Their children … the yard. wife.
A) cleaned B) cleans A) smoked B) was smoke
C) clean D) did cleaned C) smokes D) smoke
5. In the evening their boys … 15. The bus … at 9
to loud music. o’clock yesterday.
A) listened B) was listen A) arrived B) was arrive
C) listen D) listens C) arrives D) arrive
6. Their little girl … a little. 16. They … their friends
A) cry B) was cry two days ago.
C) cryed D) cried A) visits B) visit
7. Her brother … at her. C) was visit D) visited
A) shout B) was shout 17. They … a lot last week.
C) shouts D) shouted A) danced B) dance
8. Mrs Smith … in the C) dances D) were dance
kitchen last night. 18. Mr and Mrs Smith …
A) work B) works very well last night.
C) was work D) worked A) rest B) rests
9. She … a delicious apple C) were rest D) rested
pie. 19. … Mr Smith … his
A) bake B) bakes car yesterday morning?
C) was bake D) baked A) Was/fix B) Did/fixed
10. She … a nice C) Did/fix D) -/fixed
dinner yesterday. 20. Who … the
A) cooks B) cooked windows yesterday?
C) was cook D) cook A) did break B) did broke
11. She … the dishes and C) broke D) breaked
… very tired.
A) wash/looked
B) washes/look
 Test 2
1. Where … they … last 11. One of her brothers … a
night? tour of Europe last summer.
A) did/be B) did/were A) mad B) makes
C) were/be D) were/- C) maked D) made
2. Last Monday we … 12. I … to bed at ten
five lessons. o’clock yesterday.
A) had B) haved A) goed B) was go
C) has D) were have
3. She … English two years C) want D) went
ago. 13. Tom … to talk to you
A) study B) studied last week.
C) studyed D) was study A) want B) wanted
4. My brother … C) was want D) wented
coffee yesterday. 14. When did you … here?
A) not drink A) come B) came
B) not drinked C) comes D) coming
C) didn’tdrinked 15. We didn’t … to school
D) didn’t drink with you.
5. I … to them yesterday. A) go B) went
A) talked not C) goed D) goes
B) not talked 16. … you watch the film
C) didn’t talked last night?
D) didn’t talk A) Was B) Were
C) Do D) Did
6. I … hungry last night.
17. My father … a new
A) didn’t B) not
TV yesterday.
C) was not D) were not
A) bring B) brought
7. Yesterday I … breakfast.
C) bringed D) was bring
A) didn’t eat B) didn’t ate 18. When … she … yesterday?
C) not ate D) not eated
A) did/leave B) did/left
8. I … lunch a few minutes
C) -/left D) was/leave
ago.
19. I … a book three weeks ago.
A) have B) haved
A) buy B) did buyed
C) was have D) had
C) buyed D) bought
9. What time … your
lessons over on Monday? 20. Yesterday my father
… a newspaper.
A) is B) was
A) readed B) was read
C) were D) did
C) read D) reads
10. Who … you … up an
hour ago?
A) did/ring B) did/rang
C) did/ringed D) were/ring

129
 Test 3
1. … you interested in B) not sleeped
English when you were
C) didn’t sleeped
young?
D) didn’t sleep
A) Did B) Was
C) Are D) Were 12. My father …
moustache when he was
2. What mark … she … in
young.
her exam last week?
A) not had B) didn’t haved
A) -/got B) did/got
C) not haved D) didn’t have
C) does/get D) did/get
13. I … him three years ago.
3. … you ready for the
exam yesterday? A) meat B) meet
A) Were B) Was C) meeted D) met
C) Did D) Are 14. Our football team …
many games last year.
4. What … yesterday
morning? A) not win B) not won
C) didn’t win D) didn’t won
A) happen B) did happened
C) was happen D) happened 15. He … to the south a
week ago.
5. It … fair of you to give us
A) want B) went
so much homework.
C) goed D) was go
A) not was B) was not
C) did not D) were not 16. I … it before.
6. I … a hard time to make A) didn’t know
these tests. B) not knew
A) has B) haved C) not knowed
C) was have D) had D) didn’t knew
7. … your teacher … you such 17. A very interesting match
a hard task when you studied … place last Sunday.
at University? A) taked B) was take
A) Did/give B) Did/gave C) did taked D) took
C) Was/give D) Were/gave 18. We … anything yesterday.
8. It … hard to live without A) didn’t bought
electricity and gas some
years ago.
B) didn’t buy
A) did B) was C) not bought
C) were D) did be D) not bringed
9. People … kinder to each 19. … you … your cousin to
other many centuries ago. stay with us last week?
A) did B) was A) Did/invite
C) were D) did be B) Do/invite
10. I … that it was a good C) Was/invite
thing to be a student last D) Were/invite
year. 20. I … him a letter three
A) thinked B) thought days ago.
C) was think D) did thinked A) send B) sended
11. I … last night because of my C) was send D) sent
problems.
A) not sleept
 Past Simple & Present
Perfect Test 1

1. They … a real tiger in the C) never have seen

zoo yesterday.
D) have never seen
A) saw B) have seen
10. Mr. Jones … all of us to
C) has saw D) has seen
his birthday party.
2. When … this wonderful A) has invite B) has invited
hat?
C) have invite
A) did you buy
D) have invited
B) did you bought
11. Ouch! ... my finger!
C) have you bought
A) I cut B) I've cut
D) have you buy
C) I cutted D) I have cutted
3. Mary … a lot of mistakes
12. Somebody ... my
in her test.
bicycle! Now I'll have to
A) made B) has maked walk home.
C) did made D) has made
A) stole B) has stolen
4. What … at school C) stealed D) has stealed
yesterday?
13. I ... my key yesterday, so
A) did you do I couldn't get into the house.
B) have you done Eventually, I found it in my
C) did you D) have you do jacket pocket.
5. They … their homework. A) lost B) have lost
A) have already done C) has lost D) losed
B) have already did 14. Chika ... from university
C) already did last July.
D) did already A) graduated
6. … to many countries of B) has graduated
the world? C) have graduated
A) Was Andrea D) did graduated
B) Has Andrea been 15. When Young Hee was
C) Have Andrea been a child, she ... in Seoul.
D) Has Andrea be A) lived B) live
7. … TV today? C) have lived D) has lived
A) Did you watch 16. Gerry ... off his bike
B) Did watch you three times this month.
C) Have you watched A) fell B) falled
C) have falled D) has fallen
D) Have watched you
17. I ... the movie Titanic
8. Where … all this time?
three times. I'm going to see
A) did you be it again tonight.
B) you were A) saw B) have seen
C) have you been C) has seen D) seen
D) you have been 18. When … the company?
9. I … such tall buildings as A) have you joined
in New York. B) did you joined
A) never saw
B) never did see
C) did you join D) Didn't you have worked
D) have you ever joined 20. … to him last week.
19. … in Pakistan? A) I spoke
A) Did you ever worked B) I've already spoken
B) Have you ever C) I didn't spoke
worked D) I speaked
C) Worked you

Past Simple & Present

Perfect Test 2
1 - He ..... there when he was A) lost B) have lost
a 12 - Nobody ... the phone
child when it rang
A) has lived B) lived A) answered B)has answered
2 - I ... her since last year 13 - I .... up smoking last
A) haven't seen year
B) didn't see A) gave B) have given
3 - They ... a few minutes ago 14 - You can't see her
A) left B) have left because she home
4 - She ... unemployed since A) has gone B) went
she left school 15 - ... to the United States?
A) has not been B) was A) Did you ever go
not 5 - They ... the B) Have you ever
contract last week been 16 - I … never
A) finalised B) have my
finalised 6 - The film ... yet grandmother as she died
A) hasn't started before I was born
B) didn't start A) -/knew
7 - She ... ill since Thursday B) have/ known
A) was B) has been 17 - It's the first time I....caviar
8 - I ... the project last night A) ate B) have eaten
A) have finished B) 18 - The first time we....was
finished 9 - Look- just the other day
someone ... their handbag A) spoke B) have spoken
in the room 19 - It stinks in here; someone
A) left B) has ... smoking
left 10 - ..... to A) was B) has been
Rome? 20 - He's in hospital because he
A) Did you ever go ... his leg
B) Have you ever been A) has broken B) broke
11 - I can't get into my
house because I ... my keys
 Past Simple & Present
Perfect Test 3
1 - I've known her since we 15 The newspaper......very
.... at school together successful lately
A) were B) have been
2 - It's ages since
we ...
A) spoke B) have spoken
3 - It's been ages since
we ... from Dave.
A) have heard B) heard
4 - The last time I saw
Fran ... ages ago
A) was B) has been
5 - I ... from her
lately
A) haven't heard
B) didn't hear
6 - I just ... the time to go to
the cinema recently
A) didn't have
B) haven't had
7 - I ... just… Meg and Brian
at the party
A) have /seen B) -/saw
8 - I ... busy for the past
fortnight
A) was B) have been
9 She .... away for the last
two weeks
A) has been B) was
10 ... to the concert on
Friday?
A) Did you go
B) Have you been
11 This is the first time I ...
here
A) have been B) was
12 I ... them since
my schooldays
A) have known B)
knew 13 He yet
A) hasn't arrived
B) didn't arrive
14 They .... the contract yet
A) didn't sign
B) haven't signed
133
A) hasn't been B) walk because it was
wasn't 16 He ... raining
during the war A) haven't taken
A) died B) has B) didn't take
died 17 I ...
Susan today.
A) haven't seen B) didn't
see 18 I ... a taxi so I
came by bus.
A) haven't found
B) didn't find
19 John's nervous because
he ... such a difficult test
before
A) has never taken
B) never took
20 My stereo ... working
last night
A) stopped B) has stopped
21 The Police ... two
people on Saturday
A) arrested B) have
arrested 22 I ... a
holiday for ages
A) didn't have
B) haven't had
23 We ... out on Saturday
night
A) haven't gone B)
didn't go 24 I ... it last
week
A) bought B) have
bought 25 She hasn't ...
here for ages
A) been B) gone
26 I ... to water-ski in 1993
A) learnt B) have learnt
27 She ... an absolute
fortune last year
A) has earned B) earned
28 The weather ...
dreadful for the whole
two weeks we were there
A) was B) has been
29 No one ... to do it yet
A) has managed
B) managed
30 I ... the dog for a
 Past Continuous
O’tgan davomli
Yasalishi:
Darak: Ega + was/were Ving
Inkor: Ega + was/were not
Ving So’roq: Was/Were +

I was working in my office yesterday at 5.00 p.m.

Kecha soat kechki 5.00 da men offisda ishlayotgan
edim. She was not sleeping when I came.
Men kelganimda u uxlamayotgan edi.
Were you watching TV when he phoned you?
U senga qo’ng’iroq qilganida sen televizor tomosha qilayotgan edingmi?

Ishlatilishi:
O’tgan zamonning ma’lum bir paytida biror ish-harakatning
bajarilayotgan bo’lganini ifodalaydi.
When I saw him on Monday, he was going to work.
Dushanba kuni uni ko’rganimda, u ishga ketayotgan
edi. At 9.00 a.m. yesterday she was sitting at the
lesson.
Kecha soat ertalabgi 9.00 da u darsda o’tirgan edi.

Test 1

1. I … an English exercise 6. When mother came home, we

at this time yesterday.
… TV.
A) writing B) was write
A) watch B) was watching
C) was writing D) wrote
C) were watching
2. My little sister was …
D) watching
at 5 o’clock yesterday.
7. We … chess the
A) sleep B) sleeps
whole evening.
C) sleeping D) slept
A) was play B) playing
3. We … drinking tea
yesterday morning.
C) were playing
A) did B) was C) were D) – D) was playing
4. What … you … when 8. I … my homework from 5
I phoned you? till 6 yesterday.
A) did/doing B) was/doing A) was doing B) doing
C) -/doing D) were/doing C) was do D) were doing
5. When you came, we … 9. I … to the cinema when
lunch. you met me.
A) was having A) going B) was go
C) was going D) were going
B) were having
C) having D) were have
135
10. I … the piano at four 15. When we met, she …
o’clock yesterday. at University.
A) didn’t playing A) was studying
B) not playing B) were study
C) wasn’t play C) studying D) was study
D) wasn’t playing 16. When we went out, it
11. When I met Mike, he … … heavily.
to his friend. A) raining B) was raining
A) talking B) was talking C) were raining D) was rain
C) were talking D) was talk 17. When we arrived, it … dark.
12. Susan … a comic book A) getting B) was get
and C) were get D) was getting
… when I saw her. 18. When the phone rang, I
A) was reading/laugh … my homework.
B) reading/laughing A) was doing B) were doing
C) was read/laughing C) doing D) was do
D) was reading/laughing 19. He … computer games
13. When I saw you, you … from two till three.
a black coat. A) was playing B) was play
A) wearing B) was wearing C) playing D) were playing
C) were wear D) were wearing 20. I found my old photo when I
14. His father caught him, … for my keys.
when he … with a girl in the A) looking B) was looking
park. C) were looking D) was look
A) sitting B) was sit
C) were sitting D) was sitting

Test 2
1. We … to her, when A) was sitting
the teacher ... the
theme.
B) were sitting
A) not listening/explaining C) was sit D) sitting
B) weren’t 5. I … at midnight yesterday.
listening/was A) wasn’t sleeping
explaining B) weren’t sleeping
C) weren’t listen/was
explain
D) weren’t listen/was A) washing B) was washing
explaining C) were washing D) was wash
2. … she … when you 4. He … at the table the whole
came home? evening.
A) Was/sleeping
B) -/sleeping
C) Were/sleeping
D) Was/sleep
3. She … her clothes when I
saw her.
135
C) not sleeping
D) wasn’t sleep
6. When we … TV, Tom came.
A) was watching
B) were watching
C) watching D) were watch
7. Our teacher … on the
blackboard when I
entered the classroom.
A) was writing B) writing
C) was write D) were writing
8. When we … to the
cinema, we met our
grandmother.
A) going B) were going C) were playing D) was play
C) was going D) were go 19. When Nick … about in
9. When I saw my friends, they the stadium, he fell.
… football. A) was running
A) was playing B) were running
B) playing C) were play C) running D) was run
D) were playing 20. The girl … dinner when
10. When father came, Pete … the lights went out.
A) were sleeping A) was cooking
B) sleeping C) was sleep B) cooking
D) was sleeping C) were cooking
11. When I got up, my parents D) was cook
… tea. 21. When I … in the garden, I
A) drinking B) were drink hurt myself.
C) were drinking A) working B) was work
D) was drinking C) was working
12. When I opened the door, D) were working
the cat … on the table. 22. When the woman
A) were sitting B) sitting entered the room, the
C) was sitting D) was sit children … the goldfish.
13. When I … to school, I saw A) feeding B) was feeding
Tom. C) were feeding D) was feed
A) going B) was going 23. When it started raining, we
C) were going D) was go … in the river.
14. When mother came A) swimming
home, the children … on the B) was swimming
carpet. C) were swim
A) was playing
D) were swimming
B) were playing
24. Yesterday at one o’clock I
C) playing D) was play … lunch at the canteen.
15. When Tom … the street, A) was having
he fell. B) were having
A) was crossing B) crossing
C) having D) was have
C) were cross D) was cross
25. When he came in, I …
16. When I … the floor, I found my exercises.
my old toy.
A) was doing B) doing
A) washing B) was wash
C) were doing D) was do
C) were washing
26. What … you … at
D) was washing eight o’clock yesterday?
17. When granny … a book, A) was/doing B) -/doing
she fell asleep. C) were/do D) were/doing
A) was reading B) were read 27. At this time yesterday I
C) were reading D) reading … home.
18. When I … in the yard, I A) was going B) going
suddenly saw my old C) were go D) was go
friend.
A) playing B) was playing
137
28. He … on the sofa when C) walking D) were walking
I came in. 30. She … out of the
A) were sitting B) was sit window when I saw her.
C) was sitting D) sitting A) looking B) was looking
29. I … along the street with C) were looking D) was look
my friend when a tram
passed.
A) was walking B) was walk

Present Simple, Past Simple,

Present Continuous, Past

1. Nina … her A) am having B) had

birthday yesterday. C) was having D) have
A) celebrates
B) celebrated
C) is celebrating
D) was celebrating
2. Her room was beautiful,
there
… many flowers in it.
A) is B) are C) was D) were
3. When I … in, somebody …
the piano.
A) come/is playing
B) came/played
C) was coming/plays
D) came/was playing
4. Listen! Somebody …
the piano.
A) plays B) is playing
C) played D) was playing
5. I … music very much.
A) am liking B) like
C) likes D) was liking
6. When I … out of the
window, it … heavily.
A) looked/was raining
B) look/rain
C) am looking/rained
D) was looking/rains
7. - What were you doing
at seven o'clock
yesterday?
— I … supper.
137
8. When I came home
yesterday, I … that all my
family … round the table.
A) saw/were sitting
B) see/sit
C) is seeing/sat
D) was seeing/is sitting
9. Now Father … a letter
from my uncle who … in
Kiev.
A) is reading/lives
B) was reading/lived
C) read/live
D) reads/lives
10. - Where … you yesterday?
- I … at home the whole day.
A) are/am B) is/is
C) was/was D) were/was
11. - What … she …?
- She is writing.
A) does/do B) is/doing
C) are/doing D) was/doing
12. Yesterday I … in the
garden and I … a book
when you came.
A) was/was reading
B) am/am reading
C) was/read D) am/read
13. - What … you … at
five o'clock
yesterday?
- I was working in the library.
A) are/doing B) did/do
C) do/do D) were/doing
14. I was there, too, but I …
see you.
A) don’t B) am not - She is in her room. She … her
C) didn’t D) wasn’t homework.
15. Yesterday I … at my A) did B) does
English from five till seven. C) was doing D) is doing
A) work B) works 18. … she see this book before?
C) am working A) Does B) Did C) Is D) Are
D) was working 19. … your friends good boys?
16. It … the whole A) Does B) Do C) Is D) Are
day yesterday. 20. My friends and I …
A) rains B) rain good pupils at school.
C) is raining D) was raining A) am B) is C) was D) were
17. - Where is your sister
now?

Past Perfect
O’tgan tugallangan
Yasalishi:
Darak: Ega + had V3
Inkor: Ega + had not
V3 So’roq: Had + Ega

I had done my work by the time you came.

Sen kelguningcha men ishimni qilib bo’lgan
edim. He hadn’t written his novel by May last
year.
U romanini o’tgan yil Maygacha yozib tugatmagan edi.
Had they had lunch before you came?
Ular sen kelguningcha tushlik qilib bo’lishgan ekanmi?

Ishlatilishi:
 O’tgan zamonda bir ish-harakatning boshqasidan oldin
bajarib bo’linganini ifodalaydi.
When I came home, they had already left.
Men uyga kelganimda ular allaqachon ketib bo’lishgan edi.
Yesterday she said that she had watched this film before.
Kecha u menga bu filmni ilgari ko’rganini aytdi.

 O’tgan zamonning ma’lum paytigacha bajarib bo’lingan

ish- harakatni ifodalaydi.
By 2015 I had finished writing my first book.
2015 yilgacha men birinchi kitobimni yozib tugatgan
edim. The concert had begun by 4.00 o’clock.
Soat 4 gacha konsert boshlanib bo’lgan edi.

139
 Test 1
1. I … my work by ten C) had finished
o’clock yesterday.
D) have finished
A) had done B) had do
11. The child ... asleep
C) had did D) done
before the parents came
2. We … already … our exam home.
at 5 o’clock last week. A) had falled B) had felt
A) had/finish C) had fell D) had fallen
B) had/finished 12. They ... before they
C) have/finish bought this house.
D) had/finishing A) married
3. I ... breakfast before I went B) have married
to school. C) had married
A) had B) had had D) had marry
C) had have D) have had
13. Jill was afraid she ...her
4. He went to meet his key at home, but she found it
friends after he ... his in her handbag.
homework.
A) forgot
A) did B) done
B) had forgot
C) had done D) had do
C) had forget
5. By 8 o’clock the rain ... .
D) had forgotten
A) stopped
14. Dad wasn’t at home when
B) had stopped
I came back. He ...out twenty
C) had stop minutes before.
D) have stopped A) went B) gone
6. Alice was late because she C) had gone D) had went
... the bus. 15. I wasn’t hungry because
A) had missed B) missed I... breakfast.
C) have missed D) had miss A) had just had
7. She went to the post- B) had just have
office after she ... the C) had just
letter.
D) have just had
A) had write B) wrote
C) written D) had written
16. Peter saw an urgent
message on his table.
8. He ... at the factory before Somebody
he entered the college. … it the day before.
A) had worked B) had work
A) had left B) had leave
C) worked D) have worked C) left D) have left
9. He got a bad mark for his B) finished
test because he ... a lot of
mistakes in it.
A) has made B) had make
C) made D) had made
10. I went to bed after
I ... reading the book.
A) had finish

139
17. I apologized that I ...her
the day before.
A) not phoned
B) hadn’t phone
C) hadn’t phoned
D) haven’t phoned
18. He told me that
he ...there before.
A) came B) had come
C) had came D) come 20. We spent the night in Klin,
19. I knew him at once though a town we … often … of but
I never
...him many years before. …
A) had met B) had meet A) had/heard/seen
C) met D) have met B) had/hear/seen
C) had/heard/see
D) had/heard/saw

Test 2
1. They couldn’t believe A) haven’t been
he ...his job in the bank. B) hadn’t been
A) gave up C) hadn’t was
B) had give up D) not had was
C) had gave up 8. When she went out to
D) had given up play, she … her homework.
2. Mr. Jackson said that A) had already done
he ... everything for lunch. B) had already did
A) had already bought C) had already do
B) had already buy D) already done
C) had already buyed 9. My brother ate all of the
D) already bought cake that our mum …
3. Alice asked her brother A) made B) had made
where he ...to meet his friends. C) had make D) have make
A) had arrange 10. The doctor took off the
B) had arranged plaster that he … six
C) have arranged weeks before.
D) had arranging A) put on B) had put on
4. We had no car at that C) had putted on
time because we … our old D) had putting on
one. 11. The waiter brought a
A) sold B) had sell drink that I … .
C) had selling D) had sold A) hadn’t ordered
5. They ...painting the ceiling B) hadn’t order
by two o’clock. C) hadn’t ordering
A) finished D) not ordered
B) had finish 12. I could not remember
C) have finished the poem we … the week
D) had finished before.
6. The storm destroyed A) learned
the sandcastle that we B) had learned
…. C) had learn
A) had build D) had learning
B) had building 13. The children collected
C) have built the chestnuts that … from
D) had built the tree.
7. He … to Cape Town 141 A) had falled B) had fell
before 1997. C) had felt D) had fallen
14. … Angie before he went B) had beginning
to see her in London? C) had begin
A) Had he phone
D) had begun
B) Had he phoned
23. I … the book before I
C) He had phone saw the play.
D) He had phoned A) had read B) had reading
15. She … a horse before C) had readed D) read
that day. 24. They … here before
A) hadn’t ride they moved to another
B) hadn’t ridden place.
C) not ridden A) had live B) lived
D) hadn’t rode C) had living D) had lived
16. The rain … before I went 25. We … а game of
for a walk. tennis before we went to
A) had stopped B) had stop my place
C) had stopping D) stopped A) have played
17. I … my homework before B) had play
my mother returned home. C) had played
A) have done B) had do D) had playing
C) had doing D) had done 26. After he … school, he
18. We … in the street before went to a camp.
we went to the park. A) have finished
A) had meet B) had finished
B) had met C) had finish
C) have meet D) had finishing
D) had meeting 27. As soon as she … her
19. They … their things friend, she went to meet her.
before they started. A) had phone
A) packed B) had phoning
B) had pack C) have phone
C) had packing D) had phoned
D) had packed 28. I read the book after I …
20. I … dinner before I the film.
switched on the TV set. A) seen B) had see
A) had had B) have had C) had saw D) had seen
C) had D) had have 29. I had … my room before
21. Before he returned home I invited my friends home.
the guests … A) clean B) cleans
A) left B) have left C) cleaned D) cleaning
C) had leave D) had left 30. He entered the
22. Before we came to university after he …
the cinema the film … school.
A) had began A) had finished B) had finish
C) had finishing D) have finish

141
 Past Perfect Continuous
O’tgan tugallangan davomli
Yasalishi:
Darak: Ega + had been Ving
Inkor: Ega + had not been
Ving So’roq: Had + Ega +

I had been working for two hours yesterday when you

came. They hadn’t been waiting for long when we came.
Had you been waiting for him for a long time when he came?

Ishlatilishi:
 O’tgan zamonning ma’lum bir paytigacha biror ish-
harakatning qancha davom etganini ifodalaydi.
He had been smoking for 25 years when he gave it
up. U chekishni tashlaganida 25 yildan beri
chekardi.
I had been learning English for two years when we met
first. Biz ilk bor uchrashganimizda men ingliz tilini ikki
yildan beri o’rganayotgandim.

 O’tgan zamonda ko’zda tutilmagan yoki salbiy natija

ko’z oldimizda bo’lgan bo’lsa.
Yesterday when I saw him, his clothes were dirty. He had been
working in the garden.
Kecha men uni ko’rganimda uning kiyimlari kir edi. U bog’da
ishlagan edi.

Test 1
1. The football team ... on a 3. The students ... good
small pitch for a month;
work, but, after the midterm
however, they moved to the
exam, they seemed to lose
Olympic Stadium last week
interest in their studies.
and they are playing much
A) had doing
better.
A) has been training B) has been doing
B) had been training C) had been doing
C) had been trained D) had been done
D) had been train 4. We ... for a year when we
ran out of money and had to
2. It ... continuously for two return home.
weeks, but it finally cleared
A) has been traveling
up yesterday.
A) had been raining B) had been traveled
B) had raining C) had traveling
C) has been raining D) had been traveling
D) had been rained
5. My sister ... about studying B) had been taught
in Canada, but she got C) has been teaching
married and had to stay in the
UAE.
A) had been thinking
B) had been thought
C) had thinking
D) has been thinking
6. I ... to enter UBC for two
years. I was finally accepted
last year.
A) has been trying
B) had been try
C) had been trying
D) had been tried
7. I ... to call you last week. I
became very busy suddenly
last week and I forgot to call
you. I'm sorry.
A) had been planning
B) had been planned
C) has been planning
D) had planning
8. If you ... trouble with
your math class last
semester, you should have
asked for help. Now, it's too
late.
A) had been had
B) had been having
C) had been have
D) has been having
9. When the financial crisis hit,
my father ... at IBM for 10
years. Unfortunately, he had to
leave the company and start all
over.
A) has been working
B) had working
C) had been worked
D) had been working
10. My professor ... that
class with a lot of
enthusiasm; however, after
his illness, he seemed to
lose a lot of energy.
A) had been teaching
143
D) had been teach C) had been driving
11. We … for 12 hours
when he woke us up.
A) had been sleeping
B) had sleeping
C) had been sleep
D) been sleeping
12. They … at the station
for 90 minutes when the
train finally arrived.
A) had waiting
B) been waiting
C) had been wait
D) had been waiting
13. We … for her ring for
two hours and then we
found it in the bathroom.
A) had been look
B) had looking
C) been looking
D) had been looking
14. I … for a long time,
when it suddenly began to
rain.
A) hadn’t been walking
B) hadn’t walking
C) hadn’t been walk
D) not been walking
15. How long … English
before she went to
London?
A) she had been learning
B) had she learning
C) she had learning
D) had she been learning
16. Frank Sinatra caught
the flu because he … in the
rain too long.
A) had been singing
B) had singing
C) had been sing
D) been singing
17. He … less than an
hour when he ran out of
petrol.
A) had been drive
B) had driving
D) been driving B) not been working
18. They were very tired in C) hadn’t been work
the evening because they … D) hadn’t been working
on the farm all day.
20. They … all day so their
A) had helping
legs were sore in the evening.
B) been helping A) were been cycling
C) had been help B) had been cycling
D) had been helping C) had cycling
19. I … all day; so I wasn't D) had been cycled
tired and went to the disco at
night.
A) hadn’t working
Test 2
6. We … unsuccessfully for
1. They … for over an two days, but my brother
hour before Tony arrived.
finally caught a large
A) had been talking salmon.
B) had talking A) had been fish
C) had been talk B) had fishing
D) been talking C) had been fishing
2. She … at that company D) were been fishing
for three years when it went 7. She … new clothes all
out of business.
week; however, no one
A) had working noticed. She was very sad.
B) was been working A) was been wearing
C) had been work B) had been wearing
D) had been working C) had wearing
3. How long … to get on D) had been wear
the bus? 8. We were unable to finish
A) you had been waiting our project even though we
B) had you been waiting … hard for three days.
C) you had waiting A) had been working
D) had you waiting B) had working
4. Mike wanted to sit down C) were been working
because he … all day at D) had been work
work. 9. My brother and I … for
A) had been standing weeks before my mother
B) had standing finally sat us down and talked
C) had been stand to us about the problem.
D) was been standing
5. James … at the university A) had been fight
for more than a year before he B) were been fighting
left for Asia. C) had fighting
A) was been teaching D) had been fighting
B) had been teaching 10. The coffee shop in front
C) had teaching of the university … to
D) had been teach compete
145
with a big chain coffee shop huge novel for more than a
for a year before it failed. month.
A) was been struggling
B) had struggling
C) had been struggling
D) had been struggle
11. I … English for long before
I realized that I needed more
speaking practice.
A) hadn’t been studying
B) hadn’t studying
C) wasn’t been studying
D) hadn’t been study
12. … for long before your
friend finally showed up?
A) You had been waiting
B) You had waiting
C) Had you waiting
D) Had you been waiting
13. China … to win the bid
for the Olympics for a long
time. They finally succeeded
in 2008.
A) had been hope
B) had hoping
C) was been hoping
D) had been hoping
14. … you for long before
you answered the phone?
A) Had your parents been
calling
B) Your parents had calling
C) Had your parents calling
D) Your parents had
been calling
15. I finally passed my
driving test last week. I …
the test regularly for 6
years. Perhaps I'm not really
a good driver.
A) had been taking
B) had taking
C) was been taking
D) had been take
16. Our literature class
finally finished War and
Peace yesterday. We … that
145
A) were been reading for 12 years before she
B) had been reading moved to England.
C) had reading A) was been learning
D) had been read
17. My sister … her
boyfriend for 5 years
before he finally asked
her to marry him.
A) had been dating
B) had dating
C) was been dating
D) had been date
18. Camilla … difficulty
completing her Ph.D. until
last year. She met a
professor who inspired her
to work harder.
A) had been have
B) was been having
C) had been having
D) had having
19. I … at the math
problem for hours last
night when the solution
finally appeared as though
by magic.
A) was been staring
B) had staring
C) had been stare
D) had been staring
20. Mr. Brown … on the
English Resource Center for
months before he was
finally happy with his
results.
A) had been working
B) had working
C) was been working
D) had been work
21. Laura needed a
break because she …
all morning.
A) had studying
B) had been studying
C) was been studying
D) had been study
22. Lorraine … English
B) had learning 27. The musician … in this
C) had been learning town for ten years when he
D) had been learn became director of the opera
23. I did not go out last house.
night because I … all day. A) had been live
A) had been work B) had living
B) had working C) was been living
C) was been working D) had been living
D) had been working 28. We … out with each
24. Olga felt fit for the other for two years before I
marathon because she … a lot. met his family.
A) had been training A) had been going
B) had training B) were been going
C) was been training C) had going
D) had been train D) had been go
25. When I went to see Ms 29. The passengers … for four
Winter, her secretary told me hours before the ground staff
that she … on the phone for could finally give them
two hours. information on the delay of
A) had speaking their flight.
B) was been speaking A) had waiting
C) had been speak B) had been wait
D) had been speaking C) were been waiting
26. You got sick because you D) had been waiting
… the whole time. 30. I … in the wrong
A) had eating direction for an hour before I
B) had been eat noticed my mistake.
C) were been eating A) had been driving
D) had been eating B) had driving
C) had been drive
D) was been drive

147
 Future Simple
Oddiy kelasi zamon
Yasalishi:
Darak: Ega + shall/will V0
Inkor: Ega + shall/will + not +
V0 So’roq: Shall/Will + Ega +

I va We bilan odatda shall ishlatiladi. Lekin shall bo’lmasa, will ham

ishlatilishi mumkin. Ko’pincha qisqargan shaklda keladi.
I shall = I’ll
You will =
You’ll We shall
= We’ll He will
= He’ll She will
= She’ll It will
= It’ll
Will + not = won’t

Ishlatilishi:
 Kelasi zamonda rejalashtirilmagan, zudlik bilan qabul
qilingan qarorlarni ifodalaydi. Bularga quyidagilar kiradi:
Taklif:
Will you go to the cinema with me?
Men bilan kinoga borasizmi?
Iltimos:
Will you help me, please?
Menga yordam berasizmi, iltimos?
Rozi bo’lish:
Yes, I will go with
you. Ha, siz bilan
boraman. Rad etish:
No, I will not go.
Yo’q,
bormayman.
Va’da berish:
I will never be late again!
Men boshqa hech qachon
kechikmayman! Umid qilish:
I hope you will be a good man in the future.
Umid qilamanki siz kelajakda yaxshi inson bo’lasiz.
Taxmin qilish:
I think he will come soon.
Menimcha u tez orada keladi.
Tahdid:
I will show you what is what!
Senga hali ko’rsatib qo’yaman!
Garov o’ynash:
I bet she won’t come.
Garov o’ynayman u kelmaydi.

 Qo’shma gaplarning when, while, if, unless, before, after,

as long as, as soon as, by the time kabi bo’glovchilar
bilan boshlangan qismida Future Simple o’rnida Present
Simple keladi. Ma’no kelasi zamon bo’lsa ham Future
Simple ishlatilmaydi.
When I go to Istanbul next time, I will go shopping only one
day. Keyingi safar Istanbul borganimda, faqatgina bir kun xaridga
chiqaman.

Ko’pincha quyidagi so’zlar bilan

keladi: I think menimcha
I guess menimcha
I hope umid qilamanki
I’m sure aminmanki
probably balki
I promise va’da beraman
I bet garov bog’layman
Test
1
1. I … to my doctor 6. He … to my heart with
tomorrow. a stethoscope.
A) go B) shall go A) will listen B) shall listen
C) shall gone D) will to go C) will be listen
2. After the checkup I … D) will listened
home and … for Dr Setton’s 7. … you … chess tomorrow?
call. A) Will/play
A) go/wait B) shall go/wait B) Shall/play
C) shall gone/shall to wait C) Will/to play
D) shall to go/will to wait D) Shall/played
3. I hope you … us. 8. Nick … to school tomorrow.
A) will join B) will to join A) Will go B) shall go
C) shall join D) to join C) will gone D) shall to go
4. He … me a 9. I think it … cold and damp.
complete
A) will is B) will be
examination.
C) will to be D) shall be
A) will give B) will giving
C) shall give D) to give
10. … you … to my place
next Sunday?
5. Then he … my
A) Will/came B) shall/come
blood pressure.
A) shall take B) will take C) will/come
C) will taken D) shall/coming
D) will taking
11. I … him tomorrow. C) will to go/are
A) won’t see D) will go/will is
B) shan’t to see 16. I … at home till she comes.
C) shan’t seeing A) shall stay B) shall to stay
D) won’t seen C) will staying
12. What … your friend D) will stayed
… tomorrow? 17. I … to university after I
A) will/done B) will/do leave school.
C) shall/doing A) will went B) will going
D) will/to do C) shall go D) shall to go
13. They … at home tomorrow. 18. We … at our place when
A) will stayed B) will stay my brother comes back from
C) shall stay Africa.
D) shall to stay A) shall go B) shall going
14. We … to the country the C) shall to go D) will goes
day after tomorrow. 19. When they cross the
A) will gone B) shall go road, they … the hotel.
C) will going D) will to go A) will see B) shall see
15. He … to the Public C) will be see D) shall seen
Library very often when he … 20. If the weather is nice, we
a student. … probably … to the bech.
A) will go/is A) will /goes B) will/gone
B) shall go/is C) will/to go D) shall/go

if he doesn’t have anything to do.

1. … I … before you come?
A) Shall/starts
B) Will/to start
C) Will/starting
D) Shall/start
2. I … to him until
he apologizes.
A) shan’t speaks
B) won’t to speak
C) shan’ t speak
D) not to speak
3. If you ask me a
difficult question, I …
nervous.
A) will am B) shall am
C) shall be D) am
4. … we … out of town to ski
on Sunday?
A) Shall/go B) Shall/goes
C) Shall/gone D) Will/be go
5. He … his English exercises
149
Test 2
A) will do B) shall do
C) to do D) doing
6. She … to the library
tonight.
A) shan’t go B) won’t go
C) won’t gone D) won’t to go
7. Tomorrow the weather …
fine.
A) is B) will be
C) will is D) will to be
8. I … home at six o’clock.
A) shall come
B) shall comes
C) shall coming
D) will to come
9. … they … to Paris next
week?
A) shall/go B) shall/gone
C) shall/going D) will/go
10. Before I go to Paris, I
… you up.
A) shall ring
B) shall ringing
C) will to ring
D) won’t ringing 21. I’m sure I … the exam today.
11. If we are at home A) pass B) will pass
tomorrow, we … this C) will passing D) will
programme on TV.
22. Who … with me to
A) shall see B) will seeing the shops?
C) won’t to see A) will come B) will coming
D) not to see C) come D) shall come
12. She … home if it is not 23. … you … me?
too cold. A) Do/marry
A) will to walk B) Will/marrying
B) will walking C) Shall/be marry
C) will walk D) shall walk D) Will/marry
13. … you … chess 24. When I go to
tomorrow?
Tashkent tomorrow, I …
A) Will/play B) shall/played my friends.
C) will/playing A) visit B) shall visiting
D) will/to play C) will visit D) will be visit
14. Maybe the weather … 25. I promise I … always … you.
warm and sunny tomorrow. A) shall/loving B) -/love
A) Will is B) will be C) will/be love D) will love
C) shall being D) will to be 26. I hope they … to the
15. Why … she … home so party next week.
late tomorrow? A) will come B) will be come
A) will/came B) shall/came C) will coming
C) will/come D) will/coming
D) will to come
16. What … you … in 27. Susan … home after
the country next
she finishes her work.
summer?
A) will go B) will be go
A) Will/done B) will/do
C) will going D) will to go
C) shall/done D) will/to do
28. Next Sunday at 10 o’clock I
17. If you look at me, you …
… in Bukhara.
a good friend.
A) will am B) will to be
A) see B) will see
C) will be D) will being
C) will seeing D) will
29. We shall … the lesson
18. I think he … soon.
after you come.
A) will come B) come
A) to go B) go
C) will D) will be come
C) going D) be go
19. It … probably … tonight.
30. I … a rest after I finish this
A) will/raining B) -/rain test.
C) will/- D) will/rain A) shall have B) will having
20. … you … at home in C) shall to have
the evening?
D) will be have
A) Will/- B) -/be
C) will/are D) will/be

151
 Future Continuous
Davomli kelasi zamon
Yasalishi:
Darak: Ega + shall/will be Ving
Inkor: Ega + shall/will + not be
Ving So’roq: Shall/Will + Ega +

I shall be working at 5.00 tomorrow.

Men ertaga 5.00 da ishlayotgan bo’laman.
He won’t be sitting here at this time next week.
U keyingi hafta shu paytda bu yerda o’tirgan
bo’lmaydi. Will you be sleeping at 11.00 p.m.
tomorrow?
Erta kechki 11.00 da uxlagan bo’lasanmi?

Ishlatilishi:
 Kelasi zamonning ma’lum bir paytida davom etayotgan
ish- harakatni ifodalaydi.
You will be sitting in the university auditoriums this time next
year. Siz keyingi yil shu paytda universitet auditoriyalarida o’tirgan
bo’lasiz. I’ll be working at 8.30 a.m. tomorrow.
Men erta ertalab 8.30 da ishlayotgan bo’laman.

 Ba’zan kelasi zamondagi rejani ham ifodalashi

mumkin. Our football team will be going to a football
match next week. Bizning futbol komanda keyingi hafta
futbol o’yiniga boryapti.

Test 1
1. He … at six o’clock 4. In the future, we …
tomorrow. around using jet-packs.
A) will be worked A) shall be flown
B) will be working B) are shall flying
C) shall be to work C) shall be flying
D) shall working D) shall to fly
2. I … when you come. 5. At 10 o’clock tomorrow he … .
A) shall sleeping A) will be working
B) shall be sleeping B) shall working
C) shall to sleep C) will be worked
D) will be slept D) will worked
3. This time next week, I … 6. At 8.15 tomorrow
my biology exam. morning Bob … the
A) shall be taking newspaper.
B) am shall taking A) will reading
C) will be took B) will be reading
D) shall to take C) will to read
151
D) will readed
7. … you … your bicycle 14. He … for you at 7 in
this evening? the evening next Sunday.
A) will/be using A) shall be wait
B) shall/be used B) will be waiting
C) will/used C) will to be waiting
D) will/using D) will waiting
8. I … probably … on a 15. At this same time
beautiful beach this time tomorrow, I … in class.
tomorrow. A) shall to be sit
A) shall/be lying B) shall sit
B) shall/be lie C) shall sitting
C) shall/to be lie D) shall be sitting
D) shall/lying 16. I … probably … to
9. … you … your Moscow at this time next
typewriter tomorrow year.
evening? A) will /be to go
A) will/be using B) shall /be going
B) shall/be to use C) shall /going
C) will/be used D) shall /to go
D) will/to be used 17. I … this music at this
10. They … dinner at this time tomorrow.
time tomorrow. A) shall listening
A) will be had B) shall listened
B) will be has C) shall be listening
C) will be having D) listening
D) will having 18. I … an English exercise
11. I … if you come too at this time tomorrow.
late tomorrow. A) writing
A) shall be slept B) will to write
B) shall be sleeping C) will been write
C) shall to be sleep D) will be writing
D) shall sleeping 19. My brother … at 5
12. They … their English o’clock next week.
exam at this time tomorrow. A) will sleeping
A) will be took B) will slept
B) will be taking C) will be slept
C) will taken D) will be sleeping
D) will to be take 20. I … my homework from 5
13. What … you … at till 7 tomorrow.
6 tomorrow? A) shall be doing
A) will/be doing B) will be done
B) shall/be do C) will did
C) will/be done D) will doing
D) will/to do

153
 Test 2
1. What … you … in the C) will be watched
morning tomorrow?
D) will to watch
A) will/to do
9. She … a letter to her
B) will/be doing friend at 2 o’clock next
C) will/doing Sunday.
D) -/will be doing A) won’t to be write
2. He … the piano at 7 B) will to write
o’clock on Sunday. C) won’t writing
A) won’t to play D) will be writing
B) won’t played 10. I … the dishes form six
C) will be played till seven tomorrow.
D) won’t be playing A) will be washed
3. At this time next week B) shall washing
we … at the lecture. C) shall be washing
A) will listened D) shall to wash
B) shall to be listen 11. When I come home
C) listening tomorrow, my family …
D) shall be listening supper.
4. Mother … tea at eleven A) shall be done
o’clock tomorrow. B) will be did
A) will to drink C) will doing
B) will be drank D) will be doing
C) will be drinking 12. When we meet our
D) will drinking grandmother next week, she
… TV.
A) shall watching
5. … you … a banana at this theatre.
time tomorrow? A) will be watching
A) shall/eating B) will watching
B) will/eating
C) will/be eating
D) will/to eat
6. He … computer games at
five o’clock next year.
A) won’t be to play
B) shan’t playing
C) won’t played
D) won’t be playing
7. At eight o’clock tomorrow
I … to the course.
A) shall be went
B) shall be going
C) shall going
D) will to go
8. At this time tomorrow he
… a play by Chekhov a the
153
B) will be watched
C) will be watching
D) won’t to watch
13. When mother come
home in the evening, the
children … .
A) won’t be sleeping
B) shan’t be slept
C) won’t to be sleep
D) won’t sleeping
14. When I get up
tomorrow morning, my
parents … tea.
A) will to drink
B) will drinking
C) will be drunk
D) will be drinking
15. I hope when I meet him
next year, he … at
University.
A) will studying
B) will be studying
C) will be studied
D) will to be study
16. I … my teeth at 8 o’clock C) shall be listened
in the morning tomorrow. D) shall to listen
A) will cleaning 24. We … probably … at this
B) shall be cleaning time next summer.
C) shall be cleaned A) shall/swimming
D) shall to be clean B) shall/be swum
17. What … you … at 9 C) shall/be swimming
o’clock tomorrow? D) shall/to swim
A) will/be done
25. Tomorrow at 2 o’clock I
B) will/be doing … lunch at the canteen.
C) shal/be to do A) shall be had
D) will/doing B) shall be has
18. He … football at 3 C) shall be having
o’clock next Sunday. D) shall having
A) won’t be played 26. We … to an
B) will to be play interesting lecture when
C) won’t be playing you come.
D) won’t playing A) shall be listening
19. When I come class, they B) shall listened
… about me. C) shall to listen
A) will be talked D) shall listening
B) will to be talk 27. When I enter the
C) will talking classroom, the teacher … .
D) will be talking A) will to write
20. I … at the bank when B) shall be writing
you meet me next year. C) will writing
A) shall be working D) will be writing
B) shall be worked 28. At 9 o’clock tomorrow I
C) shall working … korean film.
D) shall to work A) will to watch
21. I … lecture at this B) shall be watching
time tomorrow. C) shall watched
A) shall be listened D) shall watching
B) shall be listening 29. When children enter
C) shall listening the classroom, I … the
D) shall listened teacher’s questions.
22. He … about girls when I A) shall be answering
meet him tomorrow. B) shall answering
A) will to talk C) shall be answered
B) will be talked D) shall to answer
C) will be talking 30. I … probably … the test
D) will talking at this time tomorrow.
23. I … this music at this A) will/be do
time tomorrow. B) will/doing
A) shall be to listen C) will/to doing
B) shall be listening D) will/be doing

155
 Future Perfect
Tugallangan kelasi zamon
Yasalishi:
Darak: Ega + shall/will have V3
Inkor: Ega + shall/will not
have V3 So’roq: Shall/Will +

I shall have finished my work by tomorrow.

I shall not have finished my work by
tomorrow. Will you have finished your work
by tomorrow?

Ishlatilishi:

 Biror ish-harakatning kelasi zamonning ma’lum bir

paytigacha tugab bo’lishini ifodalaydi.
The film will have finished when we get to the cinema.
Biz kinoteartga yetib borganimizda film tugab bo’lgan
bo’ladi. I’ll have had dinner by the time Po comes
tomorrow.
Erta Po kelgunicha men tushlik qilib bo’lgan bo’laman.

Test 1
1. I … my work by 5 5. She … her exams by then,
o’clock tomorrow. so we can go out for dinner.
A) shall finish A) will finished
B) shall be finishing B) will have finished
C) shall be finish C) shall finish
D) shall have finished D) will have finish
2. I … by six tomorrow 6. You … the book before
morning. the next class.
A) will leave A) will have read
B) will have leave B) will be read
C) shall be leave C) will reading
D) will have left D) will have readed
3. … you … the report by 7. She … work by seven.
the deadline? A) won’t be finished
A) Will/have finished B) won’t have finish
B) Shall/finished C) won’t have finishing
C) Will/have finish D) won’t have finished
D) Shall/be finish 8. When … you … the work?
4. When … we … everything? A) will/completing
A) will/finished B) will/have completed
B) shall/have finish C) will/have complete
C) shall/have finished D) will/be complete
D) will/be finish
155
9. They … by dinner time.
A) will arrived A) Shall/have arrived
B) will have arrive B) Shall/have arrive
C) will have arriving C) Shall/have arriving
D) will have arrived D) Shall/arrived
10. We … in London for 16. How long … you … your
three years next week. boyfriend when you get
A) will being married?
B) will have being A) will/knowing
C) will been B) will/have known
D) will have been C) will/have know
11. … she … home by D) will/have knew
lunch time? 17. He … the project by July.
A) Will/getting A) won’t have completed
B) will /have got B) won’t completing
C) will/have get C) won’t have competing
D) will/be get D) won’t have complete
12. … you … everything 18. I … the essay by
by seven? the weekend.
A) Will/doing A) won’t finishing
B) Will/have do B) won’t have finished
C) Will/have done C) won’t have finishing
D) Will/have doing D) won’t have finish
13. We … before we come, 19. … you … the cleaning
so we'll be hungry. by six?
A) won’t eating A) Will/have finished
B) won’t have ate B) Will/have finish
C) won’t have eat C) Will/have finishing
D) won’t have eaten D) Will/finished
14. … he … his exams when 20. How long … you … in
we go on holiday? this company when you
A) Will/be finish retire?
B) Will/have finished A) will/been
C) Will/have finish B) will/have be
D) Will/have finishing C) will/have been
15. … we … by the time it D) will/have being
gets dark?

1. They … by six.
A) won’t have gone Test 2
B) won’t have go A) will have gone
C) won’t have going B) will have go
D) won’t going C) will going
2. I … to the store by the D) will have going
time you return. 3. She … the movie before
you bring the DVD.
157 A) will seeing
B) will have see 11. The children … me their
C) will have seeing new bikes by the time you
D) will have seen arrive.
4. They … the new restaurant A) will have show
by next week. B) will have showed
A) will have try C) will have showing
B) will trying D) will showing
C) will have trying 12. By 9 o'clock, we …
D) will have tried our homework.
5. Thomas … the CD player A) shall finishing
by the time the party starts. B) shall have finished
A) will bringing C) shall have finish
B) will have brought D) shall have finishing
C) will have brining 13. They … the classroom by
D) will have brining the end of the hour.
6. Frida … dinner by 9:30 pm. A) will leaving
A) won’t have eaten B) will have leave
B) won’t have eat C) will have left
C) won’t have eating D) will have leaving
D) won’t eaten 14. We … home by next week.
7. She … the discussion by A) will have go
next Monday. B) will have gone
A) will have finished C) will have going
B) will have finishing D) will going
C) will have finish 15. She … from the excursion
D) will finished by 6 o'clock.
8. They … the essay A) will have returned
by tomorrow. B) will have returing
A) won’t have type C) will have return
B) won’t have typing D) will returned
C) won’t have typed 16. … he … the new house
D) won’t typing by October?
9. Jane … her homework A) Will/bought
by Friday. B) Will/have bought
A) will have doing C) Will/has bought
B) will have did D) Will/have buying
C) will have do 17. The sun … by 4 o'clock.
D) will have done A) won’t rised
10. Anna … dinner by the B) won’t have risen
time you get home. C) won’t have rising
A) will have made D) won’t have rose
B) will have maked 18. … you … the shopping by
C) will have make 3 o'clock?
D) will have making A) Will/doing
B) Will/have done
157
C) Will/have doing
D) Will/have do 25. The train … by the time
19. I … a Londoner for five and the couple get to the station.
a half years by next A) will have left
September. B) will have leave
A) will have been C) will leaving
B) will have be D) will have leaving
C) will being 26. I … dinner by then.
D) will have being A) will cooked
20. By Tuesday Jill … B) will have cooked
these novels by O’Henry.
C) will have cooking
A) will have finished
D) will have cook
B) will have finish
27. Fernando … his operation
C) will have finishing
by August and should be
D) will finishing much fitter.
21. Next year is Fred and A) will had had
Kate’s 10th wedding B) will have have
anniversary. They
C) will have having
… happily married for ten
years. D) will have had
A) will being 28. Johnny … this
document by 7pm o’clock this
B) will have been
afternoon.
C) will have being
A) will have traslated
D) will have be
B) will have translate
22. Molly thinks the film …
C) will translated
by the time she gets to
Fred’s. D) will have translating
A) will have start 29. Helen … this awesome
doll by her daughter’s
B) will have starting
birthday.
C) will starting
A) will have made
D) will have started
B) will have make
23. They … the plans by then.
C) will had made
A) will have finish
D) will have making
B) will have finishing
30. Steven … his lesson
C) will have finished by tomorrow.
D) will finished A) won’t have learned
24. Before his holiday Tom … B) won’t had learned
all his money. C) won’t have learning
A) will have spend
D) won’t have learn
B) will have spent
C) will have spending
D) will have spended

159
 Future Perfect Continuous
Kelasi tugallangan davomli
Yasalishi:
Darak: Ega + shall/will have been Ving
Inkor: Ega + shall/will not have been
Ving So’roq: Shall/Will + Ega + have

Ishlatilishi:
 Kelasi zamonning ma’lum bir paytigacha biror ish-
harakatning qanchadan beri davom etayotgan bo’lishini
ifodalaydi.
I’ll have been learning English for 20 years in September
2020. 2020 yil Sentabrda men ingliz tilini 20 yildan beri
o’rganayotgan bo’laman.

Test 1
1. By midnight, you … for C) shall been working
4 hours.
D) will have been working
A) will have been dancing
6. In 2020, they … here for
B) will have dancing
4 years.
C) will been dancing A) will have live
D) will be dancing B) will been living
2. By dinner, she … the C) will have been living
whole afternoon.
D) shall have working
A) will be cooking
7. Before December, Barbara
B) will have cooking
… for a year.
C) will have been cooking A) will have been teaching
D) will been cooking B) shall have teaching
3. He … there for 10 years C) will have been teach
by 2015.
D) will been teaching
A) will been working
8. By this time tomorrow, I
B) will have been working
… this exercise for a long
C) will have working time.
D) will has been working A) shall have been doing
4. By next year, I … English B) shall have doing
for 7 years. C) will have doing
A) will have been studying D) will been doing
B) shall have studying 9. Jessica … them for
C) will been studying 12 months.
D) shall has been studied A) will have helping
B) shall have been helping
5. By next week, we … for over B) will have been work
a month.
A) shall have working
159
C) will have have help
D) will have been helping
10. Bob and Sarah …
for 2 hours at 8
o'clock.
A) will have cook 16. You … for 2 hours when
B) will have been cooking I arrive.
C) will have cooking A) will have waiting
D) will been cooking B) will have wait
11. Tomorrow at 9 o'clock I C) will have been waiting
… for 10 hours. D) will been waiting
A) will have sleeping 17. Janet … for 5 years
B) shall have sleep when she gets her degree.
C) will have been sleep A) will have studying
D) shall have been sleeping B) will have been studying
12. On Thursday, I … the C) will have been study
car for a whole month! D) will been studying
A) will have fix 18. We … for an hour when
B) will been fixing I leave.
C) shall have fixing A) shall have been talking
D) shall have been fixing B) shall been talking
13. In 10 minutes, James … C) will have talking
for 2 hours. D) will have been talk
A) will have been wait 19. They … for 6 hours
B) will been waiting when they get there.
C) shall have been waiting A) will have been drive
D) will have been waiting B) will have been driving
14. They … for a whole day. C) will have driving
A) will have standing D) will been driving
B) will have been stading 20. Sam will be tired when
C) will have been stand he returns because he … for
D) will been standing over 2 hours.
15. By this time next week, A) will have jogging
we B) will have been jogging
… a rest for a month. C) shall been jogging
A) will have have D) will have been jog
B) will have been have
C) will have been having
D) will been having Test 2
A) will have been shopping
1. My cooking will be much B) will have shopping
better when I return C) will been shopping
because I 3. We … the entire morning,
… for a whole month. so we will want to rest.
A) will have practise A) will have exercising
B) will been practising B) will been exercising
C) will have been practising C) will have been exercise
D) will have practising D) will have been exercising
2. They will have all the 4. Monica … the whole
things they need because weekend so she will pass the
they … for the whole test.
afternoon. 161
A) will have shop
A) will have been preparing D) will have been work
B) will have preparing 12. By the end of this month we
C) will have been prepare … together for six years.
D) will been preparing A) will have living
5. They … for 1.5 hours B) will been living
when the sun will set. C) will have been living
A) will been swimming D) will have live
B) will have been swimming 13. By the end of the term she
C) will have swimming … for nine years.
D) will have swim A) will have study
6. You … television for 6 B) will have studying
hours when I come back. C) will been studying
A) will have been watching
D) will have been studying
B) will been watching
14. By midnight we … this
C) will have watch computer game for 48
D) will have watching hours.
7. By the time you return, it A) will have been playing
… for 5 hours. B) will have playing
A) will have rain C) will been playing
B) will have been raining D) will have play
C) will have raining 15. She … on the phone for
D) will been raining the last couple of hours.
8. She … the car for a week A) will have talking
by the time she bring it B) will have been talking
back.
C) will been talking
A) will have using
D) will have talk
B) will been using
16. They … for me all night long.
C) shall have using
A) will been looking
D) will have been using
B) will have look
9. I … here for 15 years
C) will have been looking
next month.
A) will have working D) will have looking
B) will have work 17. He … soccer all day long.
C) shall been working A) will been playing
D) shall have been working B) will have play
10. We … for 16 hours when C) will have playing
we arrive. D) will have been playing
A) shall have been flying 18. You … TV all the time.
B) shall have flying A) will have been watching
C) will have been fly B) will have watch
D) will been flying C) will have watching
11. By the end of the week I D) will been watching
… here for four months. 19. He … all morning when
A) will have work I come home.
B) will have been working A) won’t been sleeping
C) will been woking B) won’t have been sleeping
161
C) won’t have sleeping
D) won’t have sleep C) will have cook
20. … they … for 2 hours D) will been cooking
when we arrive? 26. Sam … with us for five
A) Will/been waiting years by 2020
B) Will/have wait A) will have been living
C) Will/have been waiting B) will have living
D) Will/have waiting C) will been living
21. Mr. Anderson … our D) will have live
course for a year by 2006. 27. Neo … our class for
A) will have been attending two years by 2021.
B) will have attending A) will have been attending
C) will have attend B) will been attending
D) will been attending C) will have attending
22. I … the piano for two D) will have attend
years by 2007. 28. My brother … for
A) will have been practising three hours by noon.
B) will have practising A) will have been sleeping
C) will been practising B) will have sleeping
D) will have practise C) will have sleep
23. How long … you … D) will been sleeping
English by 2010? 29. Jack … TV for five hours
A) will/have been learning by the time my father comes.
B) will/have learning A) will have been watching
C) will/have learn B) will been watching
D) will/been learning C) will have watching
24. How long … you … in D) will have watch
this city by 2020? 30. … you … on this project
A) will/have been living for three months when we
B) will/been living visit you?
C) will/have living A) Will/have been working
D) will/have live B) Will/have working
25. My friends … for an hour C) Will/have work
by the time we arrive. D) Will/been working
A) will have been cooking
B) will have cooking

Mixed tenses 1

1. I … really … traveling. - The neighbors … a party.

A) am/ enjoy B) enjoy A) has B) have
C) enjoys D) do/ enjoying C) is having D) are having
2. I … TV, don’t trouble me. 4. Look! It … .
A) am watching B) watch A) snows B) is snowing
C) shall watch D) watches C) snow D) are snowing
3. - What’s that terrible
noise?
163
5. The swimming bath … at B) will spend
9:00 and … at 18:00 every day. C) will be spending
A) open/close
D) will have been spending
B) will open/ will close
14. I ... to a party
C) opens/closes tomorrow. Would you like
D) is opening/ is closing to come?
6. If you need money, why A) will go B) am going
… you… a job? C) will be going
A) don’t/get B) aren’t/ get D) will have gone
C) do/ get D) doesn’t/ get 15. I won't leave the
7. I … this week. I’m on house before the postman
holiday. ... mail.
A) don’t work A) will have brought
B) shall not work B) brings
C) am not working C) will bring
D) doesn’t work D) is bringing
8. I don’t understand the 16. I … to begin a new
word ‘deceive’. What … it …? life tomorrow.
A) is/ meaning B) do/ mean A) want B) will want
C) does/ mean C) wanting D) wants
D) are/ meaning 17. The weather
9. I have a car but I … it forecast says the sun ...
very often. tomorrow.
A) amn’t/ using A) shines B) shall shine
B) doesn’t use C) is going to shine
C) don’t use D) will be shine
D) shall not use 18. When … you… smoking?
10. Why …you…at me like A) did/give up
that? Have I said something B) do/give up
wrong? C) did/gave up
A) do/look B) are/ looking D) have/given up
C) shall/ look D) is/ looking 19. The Chinese … printing.
11. I met Jane while I ... on A) was invented
the beach.
B) invented
A) were walking
C) had invented
B) was walking
D) is invented
C) walking D) walked
20. While I … in the garden, I
12. Hi Jane, you ...
hurt myself.
sad! What's up?
A) am working
A) will look B) looks
C) look D) are looking
B) was working
13. Mother has given Sue C) work
some pocket money. But she D) was worked
is spending it very quickly. 21. Let’s go out now. It …
So, by the end of the week any more.
she ... all of it. A) isn’t raining
A) will have spent B) doesn’t rain
163
C) is raining
D) has rained
22. Rice … in Britain. A) have done
A) isn’t growing B) will be doing
B) grow C) will have done
C) didn’t grow D) am doing
D) doesn’t grow 27. This time tomorrow I ...
23. -I’m tired. in the ocean.
-Why … you … to bed early? A) will swim
A) don’t/go B) haven’t/go B) will have swam
C) haven’t/gone D) didn’t/go C) will be swimming
24. Frank ... tennis for D) will have swum
three years when he was at 28. I'm really tired today.
school. I ... my exercises tomorrow.
A) played A) will do B) will have done
B) has played C) do D) am doing
C) was playing 29. What … you … when I
D) will have played saw you last night?
25. I was at the club A) were/doing B) did/do
yesterday, but I ... you. C) do/do D) have/done
A) haven't seen 30. Be careful or you …
B) did not see your finger!
C) did not saw A) are cutting
D) wasn’t seeing B) cut
26. I won't be able to talk to C) will cut
you in 15 minutes because I ... D) will be cutting
my homework.

Mixed tenses 2
1. It … when I suddenly … B) aren’t/don’t study
down into the lake. C) wasn’t/studied
A) was raining/falled D) don’t be/aren’t studying
B) rained/feel 5. Don’t trouble me! I …
C) will rain/fall an essay.
D) was raining/fell A) write B) wrote
2. Look! Someone … us! C) was writing
A) watches B) watched D) am writing
C) was watching 6. It is autumn. The days
D) is watching … colder day by day.
3. – When … they … to our A) get B) got
country? C) were getting
- I think yesterday at seven. D) are getting
A) did/come B) are/coming 7. Our schools … at 8:30 and
C) will/come … at 6:00.
D) were/coming A) is opening/closing
4. You … a student unless B) opened/closed
you C) will open/close
… hard. D) open/close
A) won’t be/study 165
8. Susan … home and … I sometimes ... my lessons.
her brother on the sofa.
A) was coming/saw
B) will come/see
C) is coming/sees
D) came/saw
9. I hope you … the
correct answer to each
question.
A) find B) found
C) was finding D) will find
10. I … really … travelling.
A) -/enjoy B) will/enjoy
C) -/enjoys D) am/enjoy
11. I … TV, don’t trouble me.
A) am watching B) watch
C) was watching
D) watches
12. I usually stay at the Hilton
Hotel but today I ... at the
Maya.
A) stayed B) stay
C) has stayed D) am staying
13. Look! It …
A) snows B) is snowing
C) snowed D) will snow
14. The swimming bath …
at 9:00 every day.
A) will open B) is opening
C) opened D) opens
15. Tomorrow the plan
to London ... at 7.00
a.m.
A) is flying B) will fly
C) will have flown D) flies
16. I don’t think people ...
paper books in the future.
A) are using B) uses
C) use D) will use
17. Tom usually wakes up
early. Yesterday morning he
… at 7:30.
A) was waking up
B) woke up
C) wakes up
D) waked up
18. When I was at school
165
A) miss B) missed 28. I’m not a liar. I … never …
C) was missing
D) have missed
19. Ann’s hair was dirty.
Now it is clean. She … it.
A) washed
B) washes
C) has washed
D) is washing
20. – Don’t forget to phone
Tom.
- I … already … him.
A) -/phoned
B) am/phoning
C) will/phone
D) have/phoned
21. … you … out last night?
A) Did/go B) Do/do
C) Did/went D) Have/gone
22. What …you usually
… on Sundays.
A) are/doing B) will/do
C) were/doing D) do/do
23. I think I … to Tashkent
next week.
A) am going B) shall go
C) went D) go
24. Who … the window?
A) did break
B) was breaking
C) broke D) does break
25. I’m going to London
tomorrow. Who … with
me?
A) goes B) will go
C) is going D) does go
26. Some days ago I …
him in the park. He …
on the bench.
A) was seeing/sat
B) saw/was sitting
C) saw/sat
D) was seeing/was sitting
27. What book … you …
these days?
A) do/read B) did/read
C) will/read D) are/reading
A) -/lie B) shall/lie C) is D) is being
C) did/lie D) -/lied 30. I promise I … a good pupil!
29. Tomorrow … A) was B) shall be
Wednesday. C) am being D) have been
A) will be B) was

Mixed tenses 3
1. - Hello! Where are you C) are studying
going?
- Nowhere in particular. I …
just
… a walk.
A) am/taking
B) have/taken
C) did/take D) was/taking
2. Our students … all kinds of
exercises and now they …
sure that they know this rule
well.
A) do/are B) did/have been
C) have done/are
D) had done/were
3. The scientists … hundreds
of kilometres, but they … still
far from their destination.
A) walked/are
B) walk/were
C) have walked/are
D) walked/had been
4. … you … to Great
Britain next year?
A) Do/go B) Are/going
C) Shall/go D) Have/gone
5. Yesterday Nick said that he
… so much during his summer
holiday.
A) read B) had read
C) was reading D) has read
6. At the age of twenty my
father
… work and study.
A) combine
B) was combining
C) combined
D) had combined
7. A great number of students
… in the reading room when I
entered it last night. 167
A) had studied B) studied
D) were studying
8. They … for 11 years in
April next year.
A) will marry
B) will be married
C) will have been married
D) will have been marrying
9. Mike’s friends could
hardly recognize him as
he … greatly after his
expedition to the
Antarctic.
A) had changed
B) was changing
C) has changed D) changed
10. When I … the hall, the
students … to a very
informative lecture on
history of the English
language.
A) had entered/listened
B) entered/were listening
C) was entering/listened
D) enter/are listening
11. I don’t think she …
ever … such a book.
A) has/read B) did/read
C) is/reading
D) was/reading
12. - What … you … for today?
- I’m sorry, I haven’t done
anything.
A) have/done B) did/do
C) are/doing D) will/do
13. November has come.
It … winter next month.
A) will be B) is
C) was B) has been
14. I … to the hotel only
late at night as I … my way
in the fog.
A) returned/had lost
B) returned/lost C) has broken
C) had returned/lost D) will break
D) had returned/was losing 23. Let’s go for a walk. The rain
15. I’m afraid when I … … and the sun is shining.
home, they … already … A) stopped B) was stopping
A) get/will/leave C) has stopped
B) got/have/left D) will be stopping
C) will get/will/leave 24. If you … me, I … this
D) get/will/have left work better.
16. Look! Jane … across A) help/will do
the lake. B) helped/did
A) swims B) have swum C) will help/do
C) is swimming D) swam
D) will help/will do
17. Nick … his homework 25. As soon as you … your
by seven o’clock tomorrow.
friend, tell him that I … to
A) do B) is going see him.
C) will do D) will have done A) see/want
18. - … you … your B) will see/want
laptop tomorrow?
C) see/will want
- No, you can take it.
D) will see/will want
A) Do/use B) Shall/use
C) will/be using 26. I … apples before.
A) didn’t like
D) will/have used
B) am not liking
19. Don’t go to Nick’s place
now, he …. C) hasn’t liked
A) works B) has worked D) don’t like
C) will work D) is working 27. He … home by six
20. Yesterday the children … o’clock yesterday.
all their homework before A) came B) was coming
mother C) had come D) has come
… home. 28. This little boy … never …
A) did/came a crocodile.
B) had done/came A) did/see B) had/seen
C) did/had come C) -/saw D) has/seen
D) was doing/had come 29. He … the results before we
…
21. What … he … when … you
… him yesterday? A) knew/met
A) was/doing/-/saw B) had known/met
B) had/done/was/seeing C) knew/had met
C) did/do/did/see D) knows/will meet
D) was/doing/did/see 30. … he … the latest news?
22. When the ship was A) Did/hear B) Has/heard
crossing the ocean, a great C) Does/hear
storm … out. D) Is/hearing
A) broke B) had broken

167
 Mixed tenses 4
1. We … by taxi, bus, plane and C) has written
train – all in the last twenty-four D) has been writing
hours! 10. I … to get in touch with
A) travelled B) travel Jenny all morning but I
C) have travelled can’t find her anywhere.
D) had travelled A) am trying B) tried
2. I’m out of breath because I C) was trying
… to get here in time. D) have been trying
A) am running B) ran 11. I … never … such nonsense!
C) have run A) -/hear B) -/heard
D) have been running C) have/been hearing
3. Hey! … you … me? D) have/heard
A) do/hear B) did/hear 12. Tom will ring you as soon
C) are/hearing D) -/hear as he ….
4. … you … lunch at A) will arrive B) is arriving
the moment? C) arrives D) have arrived
A) Are/having B) Did/have 13. They … by the time
C) Have/- D) Do/have we arrived.
5. You … always … up A) ate B) had eaten
with excuses for not C) have eaten D) were eating
having done your 14. Before I moved to Paris, I
homework. It’s so … in Lyon.
annoying! A) were living B) lived
A) are/coming B) -/come C) have lived D) had lived
C) -/came D) had/come 15. They … for you to decide.
6. Carlo … never … A) are waiting B) waited
Chinese food before.
C) are wait D) had waited
A) has/eaten B) -/eats
16. Rice … often … at weddings.
C) is/eating D) will/eat
A) -/throw B) -/threw
7. Sandy … his sister since
she C) is/thrown
… to university. D) has/thrown
A) didn’t see/has gone 17. How long … you … for
the Maths test?
B) hasn’t seen/went
A) do/study B) did/study
C) doesn’t see/went
C) will/be studying
D) haven’t been seeing/goes
D) have/been studying
8. They … on holiday to Spain
and won’t be back until the 18. I saw a terrible
end of the month. accident while I … on the
beach.
A) went B) shall go
A) was walked
C) have gone D) go
9. Poor Tracy! She … that B) was walking
essay for hours now and she C) walked
still hasn’t finished! D) have been walking
A) is writing 19. In the future, people …
B) will have written more modern houses and
flying cars.
A) are having A) had watched B) watched
B) will have had C) were watching
C) will have D) had been watching
D) is going to have 26. ... you … Frank in Toronto?
20. In the past, people … to A) Did /meet B) Have /met
the beach more often. C) Were/meeting
A) used to go D) Had/met
B) were used to go 27. He had a break after he
C) had gone ... for two hours.
D) used to going A) was walking
21. Mary … a lot lately. B) had been walking
A) has worked B) is working C) has walked D) walks
C) will work D) worked 28. I … her for a long time.
22. These days, people … to A) know B) have known
stay at home watching TV.
C) have been knowing
A) will prefer B) preferred
D) knew
C) prefer D) is preferring
29. I ... in York for a week
23. Tom … dinner when
in 1998.
you arrived.
A) worked
A) has cooked
B) had been working
B) was cooking
C) have worked
C) is cooking D) will cook
D) were working
24. Twenty years ago, people
… more than now. 30. - I ... you in your office
with a girl!
A) read B) had read
- Really? We ...
C) used to read
A) saw / 've just talked
D) were used to read
B) 've seen / just talked
25. Yesterday I … a terrific
C) saw / were just talking
talk show from 11:00 pm to
12:00 am. D) was seeing/just talk

169
 Passive Voice
Majhul nisbat

 Gapning egasi ish-harakatning bajaruvchisi emas

aksincha bajarilish obyekti bo’lsa (ya’ni ish-harakat
egaga nisbatan bajarilsa), unday gaplarda kesim
passive voiceda bo’ladi.
“Romeo and Juliet” was written many years ago.
“Romeo va Julietta” ko’p yillar oldin yozilgan.
Cheese is made of milk.
Pishloq sutdan tayyorlanadi.

Yasalishi:
Be + V3 shakl zamon va shaxs-sonda moslashishi orqali yasaladi.
Present Simple
Ega + am/is/are V3
Past Simple
Ega + was/were V3
Present Continuous
Ega + am/is/are being V3
Past Continuous
Ega + was/were being V3
Present Perfect
Ega + have/has been V3
Past Perfect
Ega + had been V3
Future Simple
Ega + shall/will be V3
Future Perfect
Ega + shall/will have been V3

I send a letter every week.

Men har hafta xat yuboraman (active
voice) A letter is sent every week.
Xat har hafta yuboriladi. (passive voice)

A lot of money was stolen from the bank

yesterday. Kecha bankdan ko’p pul o’g’irlandi.
The building has already been built.
Bino allaqachon qurib bo’lindi.
My car is being repaired at the moment.
Ayni paytda mashinam tuzatilyapti.
I think the goods will be sent tomorrow.
Menimcha tovarlar ertaga yuboriladi.
  Ba’zan o’zbek tiliga tarjima qilinganda, to’ldiruvchi kabi
tarjima qilinishi mumkin:
I was given a present on my birthday
yesterday. Kecha tug’ilgan kunimda menga
sovg’a berildi.
 Modal fe’llardan keyin kelganda quyidagicha
bo’ladi: Homework must be done in time.
Uyga vazifa vaqtida bajarilishi kerak.

 Passive Voice da Continuous ning Present Continuous va

Past Continuousdan boshqa shakllari odatda ishlatilmaydi.

Test 1
1. The building … by him. D) have been examined
A) has destroyed 7. I can’t walk well. My leg
B) was destroyed … just …
C) destroyed A) has/broken
D) is destroying B) is/being broken
2. Tomorrow they will meet C) was/being broken
you. Don’t worry you … D) has/been broken
A) are meeting 8. The test … at the moment.
B) will have been met A) is being typed
C) will be met B) is typing
D) have met C) has been typing
3. All of the money … to me. D) was typed
A) was given B) are given 9. If you say “NO”, my heart …
C) gives D) gave
A) break
4. The rule … already … to
B) is breaking
me by our teacher
A) was/explaining C) will be broken
B) has/explained D) have been broken
C) will have/explained 10. Two soldiers … at the war.
D) has/been explained A) were wounded
5. The letter … when we B) had wounded
came yesterday. C) was being wounded
A) was writing D) have been wounded
B) had been writing 11. Your cat … yesterday.
C) wrote A) lost
D) was being written B) was losing
6. You … tomorrow by C) has been lost
two professors. D) was lost
A) will examine 12. All the money … from
B) are examining this bank yesterday.
C) will be examined A) steals B) stolen
C) was stolen D) had stolen
171
13. His shirt … during the B) have been introduced
fight. C) introduced
A) was torn B) torn D) was introduced
C) will tear 18. She is ill. She … in hospital.
D) were being torn A) is being treated
14. This rule can … easily. B) is treating
A) learn B) to learn C) has been treating
C) be learnt D) has learn
D) was treated
15. English … in
19. The Present Simple tense
many countries.
… to talk about actions in
A) spoken B) spoke general.
C) was speaking A) were used
D) is spoken B) has been using
16. The new computer system C) is using
… next month.
D) is used
A) is being installed
20. You … if you get 20
B) is installing correct answers in this test.
C) had been installed A) award
D) was installed B) will award
17. Yesterday at the party I C) are awarding
… with Mr. Brown.
D) will be awarded
A) am being introduced

Test 2
1. The poem was so A) will be invented
beautiful that it … by
everyone.
B) was invented
A) has learnt B) was learnt C) is being invented
C) is learning D) had learnt D) has been invented
2. Your shoes … 6. He can’t do his homework
tomorrow. himself, so it must … by
another man.
A) was being repaired
A) be done B) will be done
B) will repair
C) be doing D) do
C) shall be repair
7. I think your examination
D) will be repaired … by 5:00 o’clock tomorrow.
3. Look! The window … . A) will be finished
A) is broke B) will have been finished
B) has been broken C) has been finished
C) has broken
D) was being broken
4. The book you lost … for at D) is being finished
the moment. 8. Yesterday at this time the
A) is looking film which you like … by a lot
B) have been looked of people.
C) will be looked A) was being watched
D) is being looked B) had been watched
5. The radio … by Papov C) was watched
many years ago. D) was watching
9. An interesting information 15. The invitations …
about the USA … in this to everyone you said.
book. A) have been sent
A) is found B) were sent
B) have been found C) are sent D) is being sent
C) is finding D) finds 16. The letter … just ….
10. The letter … already …. A) were/ sent
You may take it.
B) has/ been sent
A) is/ written
C) have/ been sent
B) have/ been written
D) are/ sent
C) was/ written
17. When … this book … to
D) has/ been written
the library?
11. The letter … by 8:00 A) is / returning
o’clock tomorrow.
B) will / return
A) is written B) will write
C) has/ returned
C) will have been written
D) will/ be returned
D) has been written
18. Look! The windows … .
12. When I came home,
the sweets … already…. A) is cleaning
A) was/ eaten B) has been cleaned
B) has/ been eaten C) has cleaned
C) had/ been eaten D) are being cleaned
D) is eaten 19. This house … last year.
13. Whom … these letters … A) is built
by? B) was building
A) was / written C) has been built
B) is / written D) was built
C) were/ written 20. Her dress …and ….
D) has/ written A) washed/ironed
14. All the questions must …. B) were washed/ ironed
A) answer B) answered C) was washed/ironed
C) be answer D) was washing/ironing
D) be answered

Active yoki Passive

Test 1

1. … you … his C) am wanted D) will want

name?
A) Are/knowing B) Do/know 3. I … to learn English very
C) Are/known D) Will/know much.
2. Don’t wake him up! Look! A) want B) am wanting
She
… so sweetly!
A) is slept B) sleeps
C) is being slept D) is sleeping
173
4. It … since morning.
A) is rained B) is raining
C) is being rained
D) has been raining
5. I … her some years ago
when I … at university.
A) met/was working
B) was meeting/work
C) have met/was worked
C) was met/was being worked B) is repainted
6. This hotel … by my brother. C) is being repainted
A) build B) built D) has repainted
C) was built D) was building
15. I … to buy a new
7. Why … you late? book tomorrow.
A) do B) did C) was D) are A) go B) am gone
8. Some pupils … in the C) have gone D) am going
next lesson. 16. Our lessons … at 2.30
A) will punish on Mondays.
B) are punishing A) begin B) are begun
C) will be punishing C) will begin D) are being begun
D) will be punished 17. You … 100$ for this
9. I … 100 tests today. job tomorrow morning.
A) have done B) have been A) give B) will be given
done C) have given D) are given
C) will be doing D) was done 18. Yesterday when we ... to
10. He … in 2002. the lesson, it … already …
A) was bore B) born A) came/had/started
C) was bearing D) was born B) were coming/started
11. How many times … I … C) were come/started
you not to be late? D) came/was started
A) did/tell B) have/told 19. This book … by a
C) am/told D) was/told famous writer.
12. I’m not sleeping. I … to A) was written B) has written
you. C) writes D) will written
A) am listening B) listen 20. Present Simple … to
C) am listened D) was listened talk about actions in
13. Muslims never … a lie. general.
A) tells B) tell A) use B) uses
C) are told D) has told C) is using D) is used
14. Our office … at the
moment.
A) is repainting

Active yoki Passive

Test 2

1. A decision … until the … down before it falls down.

next meeting.
A) won’t make B) isn’t made
C) hasn’t been made
D) will not be made
2. What … you … of Ted’s
new book?
A) do/think B) are/thought
C) will/think D) were/thought
3. That building is dangerous. 175
It
A) should be knocking
B) must knocked
C) ought to knock
D) ought to be knocked
4. When you go through
Customs, your luggage
may … by a customs
officer.
A) be checking B) checked
C) check D) be checked
5. When I … in London,
I … through the park
every day.
A) lived/walked A) cancelled B) are cancelled
B) was lived/am walking C) have been cancelled
C) am living/will walk D) were cancelled
D) live/was walked 14. I … of stealing the money.
6. I told the hotel A) accused B) have accused
receptionist that I wanted C) have been accusing
… up at 6.30.
D) was accused
A) to be waking B) to wake
15. At the time of the
C) to waking D) to be waken
robbery, they … with my
7. Her new book … probably parents.
… into a number of foreign
A) are being stayed
languages.
B) are stayed
A) will/be translated
C) are staying D) were staying
B) has/translated
16. Erika … her bag while she
C) will/translate
… into her car.
D) will/have translated
A) was dropped/got
8. She … at Kennedy Airport
B) was dropping/was got
at 2 o’clock this morning.
C) dropped/got
A) arrived B) is arrived
C) is arriving D) was arrived D) dropped/was getting
9. When Jack came, we … 17. My bicycle has
for three hours. disappeared. It …
A) were working A) had to steal
B) were worked B) might have stolen
C) had been worked C) must have been stolen
D) had been working D) could be stealing
10. When Carlo was in 18. The weather was awful.
hospital, we … him twice a The football match …
week. A) should have cancelled
A) visited B) are visiting B) had to be cancelling
C) will visit D) were visited C) could cancel
11. I hope you … to my party. D) should have been cancelled
A) are come B) will come 19. Service … in the bill.
C) have come D) will be come A) includes B) has included
12. A new ring-road … C) is included D) is including
round the city. 20. This road … very often.
A) is building B) has built A) doesn’t use B) isn’t using
C) built D) is being built C) hasn’t used D) isn’t used
13. All flights … because of
the fog yesterday.

175
 Indirect Speech
O’zlashtirma gap

 Aytilgan gapning faqatgina mazmuni boshqa kishiga

yetkazilsa bunday gap Indirect Speech deyiladi.
Direct Speech: He told me: “I want to be a student”.
Ko’chirma gap: “Men talaba bo’lishni xohlayman” – dedi u menga.
Indirect Speech: He told me that he wanted to be a student.
O’zlashtirma gap: U menga talaba bo’lishni xohlashini aytdi.

 Indirect Speechda olmoshlar, ravishlar va fe’l zamonlari

o’zgarishi yoki o’zgarmay qolishi mumkin.
She said: “ They like English”.
“Ular ingliz tilini yoqtirishadi”- dedi u.
She said that they liked English.
U ular ingliz tilini yoqtirishlarini aytdi.

She said: “We like English”.

“Biz ingliz tilini yoqtiramiz”- dedi u.
She said that they liked English.
U ular ingliz tilini yoqtirishlarini aytdi.

She says: “We like English”.

“Biz ingliz tilini yoqtiramiz” – deydi
u. She says that they like English.
U ular ingliz tilini yoqtirishlarini aytadi.

 Olmoshlar va ravishlarning o’zgarishi vaziyatga qarab bo’ladi.

Fe’l zamonlarining o’zgarishi esa bosh gapdagi kesimga
bog’liq. Bosh gapning kesimi o’tgan zamonlardan birida
bo’lsa, o’zlashma gapdagi fe’l zamoni o’zgaradi. Agar bosh
gapning kesimi hozirgi yoki kelasi zamonlardan birida bo’lsa,
o’zlashma gapning kesimi o’zgarmay qoladi.
I said: “ They are reading a book”.
“Ular kitob o’qishyapti”- dedim men.
I said that they were reading a
book.
Men ular kitob o’qishayotganini aytdim.

I’m saying that they are reading a book.

Men ular kitob o’qishayotganini
aytyapman. I will say that they are
reading a book.
Men ular kitob o’qishayotganini aytaman.
  Indirect Speech ga aylantirish bo’yicha gaplar 3 turga
bo’linadi: Darak, So’roq va Buyruq.
Darak gaplarni Indirect Speech ga aylantirish
 Bunda boshqa shakllarda bo’lgani kabi olmoshlar, ravishlar
va fe’l zamonlari o’zgarishi mumkin. O’ziga xos alohida
jihati bosh gap o’zlashma gapga that bog’lovchisi orqali
bog’lanadi.
They said: “We are ready for the lesson now”.
“Biz hozir darsga tayyormiz”- deyishdi ular.
They said that they were ready for the lesson then.
Ular o’shanda darsga tayyor ekanliklarini aytishdi.
Qalin qora bilan ajratilgan so’zlar o’zgarishga uchradi.
So’roq gaplarni Indirect Speechga aylantirish
 Bunda boshqa shakllarda bo’lgani kabi olmoshlar, ravishlar
va fe’l zamonlari o’zgarishi mumkin. O’ziga xos alohida jihati,
so’roq gap tarkibi darak gap shakliga o’zgaradi. Umumiy
so’roq gaplar oldidan if yoki whether qo’yiladi.
Maxsus so’roq gaplar:
They asked me: “What is your biggest
dream?” “Eng katta orzuing nima”- deb
so’radi u mendan. They asked me what my
biggest dream was.
U mendan eng katta orzuim nimaligini so’radi.
Umumiy so’roq gaplar:
She asked me: “Do you understand
me?” “Meni tushundingmi?- so’radi u
mendan. She asked me if I understood
her.
U mendan uni tushundimmi yoki yo’qligini so’radi.

He asked me: “Are you ready?”

U mendan so’radi: “Tayyormisan?”
He asked me whether I was
ready.
U mendan tayyor yoki tayyor emasligimni so’radi.
Buyruq gaplarni Indirect Speech ga aylantirish
 Bunda gap tarkibida fe’l zamonlari o’zgarmaydi. Faqat bosh gap
va o’zlashma gap bo’lishli buyruq gaplarda to bilan
bo’lishsizida esa not to bilan bog’lanadi.
Our teacher told us: “Come to the lesson on
time!” “Darsga vaqtida kelinglar!”- dedi
o’qituvchimiz bizga. Our teacher told us to come
to the lesson on time.
O’qituvchimiz bizga darsga vaqtida kelishimizni aytdi.

177
He told me: “Don’t make a noise!”
“Shovqin qilma!”- dedi u menga.
He told me not to make a noise.
U menga shovqin qilmasligimni aytdi.
 Iltimosni ifodalovchi so’roq gaplar ham ko’pincha buyruq
gaplar kabi o’zlashtirma gapla aylantiriladi.
She asked me: “Can you help me, please?”
“Menga yordam bera olasanmi, iltimos?”- so’radi u mendan.
She asked me to help her.
U mendan yordam berishimni so’radi.
Say va tell fe’llarini o’zlashtirma gaplarda farqlash uchun tell
jo’nalish kelishigidagi to’ldiruvchisiz kelmasligini va o’sha
to’ldiruvchiga to siz bog’lanishini bilish kerak.
They tell me their names.
They tell me that they are tired.
They say their names to me.
They say that they are tired.
 Agar bosh gapdagi fe’l Past zamonlarining birortasida bo’lsa,
o’zlashtirma gapga aylantirishda zamonlar qo’yidagicha
o’zgaradi:
Ko’chirma gap O’zlashtirma gap
Present Simple Past Simple
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Past Simple Past Perfect
Future Simple Future Simple in the Past
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Future Continuous Future Continous in the past
Future Perfect Future Perfect in the past
Future Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous in the
past
 Past Perfect va Past Perfect Continuous zamonlari o’zgarmay
qoladi.
Olmosh va ravishlarning o’zgarishi:
Ko’chirma gap O’zlashtirma gap
This That
These Those
Now Then
Today That day
Tomorrow The next day
The day after tomorrow Two days later
Yesterday The day before
The day before yesterday Two days before
Ago Before
Next year The next year
Here There
 Test 1
1 Mary says, "I have enjoyed C) when he had graduated from
the film." the University..
Mary says ... . D) he graduated from the
A) I have enjoyed the film University.
B) she has enjoyed the film 6. My mother told me ... .
C) she had enjoyed the film
D) I had enjoyed the film
2. Jane said, "I shall help
you." Jane said ... .
A) she helped us
B) she will help him
C) she helps us
D) she would help us
3. The man said:" I
have brought all my
things ". The man
said ... .
A) I have brought all his
things.
B) that he had brought all
his things.
C) he has brought all his
things.
D) they have brought all
his things.
4. The teacher said: "
Students, don't miss the
lessons ".
The teacher told the students
...
A) not to miss the lessons.
B) didn't miss the lessons.
C) don't miss the lessons.
D) doesn't miss the lessons.
5. The secretary said to the
visitor: " When did you
graduate from the
University?"
The secretary asked the
visitor
... .
A) when he graduates from
the University.
B) when did he graduate
from the University.

179
A) did not go there.
B) that I can go there.
C) not to go there.
D) not going there.
7. Mother told me "Don't
stay out long''.
Mother told me ... .
A) did not stay out long
B) not to stay out long
C) stay out long
D) I shouldn't stay out long
8. He has just said, "I
want to speak to you".
He has just said ... .
A) he wants to speak to me
B) he wanted to speak to me
C) I want to speak to her
D) he had wanted to
speak to me
9. He said to me: "I'll
come as soon as I can".
He told me that ... .
A) he came as soon as he
would be able
B) he would come as soon
as I could
C) he comes as soon as he
can
D) he would come as soon
as he could
10. "When will you be
there, Tom?" asked
Dan.
Dan asked Tom ... .
A) when you will be there
B) when he will be there
C) when he would be there
D) when you would be there
11. Jane asked Bob: "What
did you buy yesterday?"
Jane asked Bob what ... .
A) he would buy the next day
B) he bought yesterday
C) he had bought the day
before
D) he has just bought
12. Bill: "Have you seen D) where he was buying
any interesting comedy that book.
lately, Nancy?" 17. Mother: "We are going
Bill asked Nancy ... . to have supper".
A) if he will see an Mother says ... .
interesting film A) they are going to have supper
B) if he saw an B) they were going to
interesting comedy have supper
lately
C) that they would have supper
C) what comedy Nancy
D) they won't have supper
saw lately
D) if she had seen any 18. Tom: "Don't forget to
bring my book, Ann".
interesting comedy
Tom asked Ann: ... .
lately
13. He asked me if I ... a taxi A) that she didn't forget to
the day before. bring his book
A) took B) had taken B) that she doesn't bring
C) was taking D) has taken his book
C) not to forget to bring his book
14. "Do you go in for
sports?", he asked. D) not to forget to bring
He asked me... . her book
A) he went in for sports. 19. Ann: "Is your sister good
at English?"
B) if I went in for sports.
Ann asked me ... .
C) if I'll go in for sports.
A) that my sister is good
D) I should go in for sports. at English
15. Jack said: "I was at B) if my sister was good
home yesterday." at English
Jack said ... . C) whether my sister is good
A) he was at home. at English
B) he was at home the D) my sister was good at English
day before yesterday. 20. The teacher promised ...
C) he will be at home. A) that we can learn
D) he had been at home the three English songs.
day before. B) if we learn three
16. John asked: " Nick, English songs.
where did you buy this C) we would learn three
book?" English songs.
John asked Nick ... . D) whether we would learn
A) where bought that book. three English songs.
B) where he had bought
that book.
C) where he bought that book.

181
 Test 2

1. Mother asked me ... all C) he had written her address

the money. D) she writes down her address
A) why I have spent 7. Dick to Lucy: Have
B) that I had spent you received my
C) if I had spent telegram ? Dick asked if
D) when I spend ... .
2. Peter said, "Alice, are A) Lucy had received
you busy now?" his telegram
Peter asked Alice ... . B) Lucy has received
A) she was busy. his telegram
B) if she was busy then. C) Lucy would receive
his telegram
C) she would be busy.
D) Lucy will receive his telegram
D) if she is busy then.
8. Nick: "Did you see a bird
3. Mother said to her son,
in the tree?"
"Don't give me my book
Nick wonders ... in the tree.
back." Mother asked him ...
. A) if I saw a bird.
A) that I had given. B) that I saw a bird.
B) not to give her the book B) to write down her address
back.
C) to give me her book back.
D) not to have given her
book back.
4. Lena said, "Where have
you been yesterday?"
Lena asked ... .
A) where she had been the
day before.
B) where she has
been yesterday.
C) where she was the day
before.
D) where she could be the
day before.
5. He said, "I'm very
busy today."
He said ... .
A) he had been very busy
that day
B) he is very busy today
C) he was very busy that day
D) I'm very busy today
6. Ann: Write down my
address. Ann asked me ... .
A) he wrote down my address
181
C) if I had seen a bird.
D) whether I see a bird.
9. Teacher: "Tom, read the
story, please".
Teacher asked Tom ... .
A) to read the story
B) read the story
C) that he reads it
D) whether he reads the story
10. He thought: "What
am I going to do?"
He thought ... .
A) what was he going to do
B) what he was going to do
C) what he is going to do
D) it he was going to do
11. "Don't play in the street!"
A) My mother told me don't
play in the street.
B) My mother said to play in
the street.
C) She asked me to play in
the street.
D) My mother told me
not to play in the street.
12. "Are you a student?" Did she ask …
she asked me. A) what did you want.
A) She asked me if I was B) what you wanted
a student.
C) what you want
B) She asked me are
you a student.
D) if you wanted.
C) She asked me whether I am 17. And then I thought:
a student. ‘Well, does he really mean
it?’
D) She asked me if you
I wondered …
were a student.
13. "What were you doing at A) did he really mean it.
10 o'clock yesterday?" she B) he really meant it.
asked Mary. C) if he really meant it
A) She asked Mary what she D) whether he really mean it.
was doing at 10 o'clock 18. Bill: I don’t like this
yesterday. party. Peter: Bill said that
B) She asked Mary what …
she had been doing at 10 A) he doesn’t like that party.
o'clock yesterday. B) he didn’t like that party.
C) She asked Mary what she C) he not liked this party
had been doing at 10 o'clock D) he didn’t like this party.
the day before.
19. Margo: I’ll be back
D) She asked Mary what next week.
she had done the day
A) she said she’d be back
before.
the next week.
14. Mary says "I clean my
B) she said that she’ll have
room every day."
been back next week.
Mary says that ... .
C) she said to me that she’ll
A) I clean her room every day.
be back the next week.
B) she cleans my room D) she said she’ll be back
every day. the next week.
C) she cleaned her room 20. Violeta: ‘I got my license
every day. last Tuesday’.
D) she cleans her room A) she said she got her
every day. license the Tuesday before.
15. The director wondered … B) she said that she has got
A) if I know English. my license the last Tuesday.
B) if I knew English. C) she said she’d got her
C) he knows English. license the Tuesday before.
D) how I know English. D) she said to me that she
16. Did she say, “What do gets my license on Tuesday.
you want?”

183
 TAG QUESTIONS AND
SHORT ANSWERS
Tasdiq so’roq gaplar va qisqa
javoblar
Tag questions biror gapni tasdiqlash uchun unga savol
berishda ishlatiladi: Tasdiq so’roq gaplarning ikki xil turi mavjud:
1) monologue;
2) dialogue
Monologue
Monologue turida so’zlovchi o’zining gapini tasdiqlash uchun
o’zi savol beradi. Tag question asosiy fe’lning yordamchi fe’li yoki
modal fe’l yordamida yasaladi.
Bunda gapning asosiy qismi bo’lishli bo’lsa, tag question qismi
bo’lishsiz bo’ladi.
You are a pupil, aren’t you? (+,
-) Sen o’quvchisan, shunday
emasmi?
She can speak English, can’t she? (+, -)
U ingliz tilida gapira oladi, shunday emasmi?
Agar asosiy qismi bo’lishsiz bo’lsa, tag question qismi
bo’lishli bo’ladi.
You aren’t a pupil, are you? (-,
+) Sen o’quvchi emassan, shundaymi?
They can’t speak Turkish, can they? (-, +)
Ular turk tilida gapira olishmaydi,
shundaymi?
Lekin buyruq gaplarda bu qoidaga amal qilinmaydi.
Don’t tell him my number, will you?
Unga mening raqamimni aytma,
xopmi? Come to the lesson on time,
will you? Darsga vaqtida kel, xopmi?
Let’s bilan boshlangan gaplarning tag question qismi doim shall we?
bo’ladi.
Let’s go home, shall we?
Keling uyga ketamiz, xopmi?

Am va not o’zaro qisqarmaganligi sababli ular o’rniga

aren’t ishlatiladi:
I am a clever pupil, aren’t I (yoki am I
not)? Men aqlli o’quvchiman, shunday
emasmi?
183
Tag question li gaplar:
She likes music, doesn’t she?
U musiqani yoqtiradi, shunday emasmi?
You have got no friends, have you?
Do’stlaringiz yoq, shundaymi?
We never enjoy our holiday, do we?
Tatilimizdan hech qachon zavqlanmaymiz,
shundaymi?
There’s no point in calling Tim now, is there?
Timga hozir qo’ng’iroq qilishdan foyda yo’q, shundaymi?
Let’s go, shall we?
Ketdik, boramizmi?
Don’t go there, will
you?
U yerga borma, yoki borasanmi?
There’s something wrong, isn’t
there? Nimadir bo’ldi, shunday
emasmi?
Eslab qoling: Asosiy gapning no, not, none, nobody, no one, never,
nothing, hardly, seldom, few, little ishtirok etgan qismi bo’lishsiz
hisoblanib, tag question qismi bo’lishli bo’ladi:
Few people came to the party, did they?
Ziyofatga kam odam kelgi, shundaymi?
There is little we can do about it, is
there?
Bu masalada biz deyarli hech narsa qilolmaymiz, shundaymi?
It’s hardly rained at all this summer, has it?
Bu yozda deyarli umuman yomg’ir yog’madi, shundaymi?
Someone, somebody, everyone, no one, nobody bilan odatda
ko’plikdagi fe’l va ko’plikdagi olmosh ishlatiladi chunki bu
olmoshlarning qaysi roddaligi ma’lum emas:
Everyone’s going to be there, aren’t they?
Hamma u yerda bo’lmoqchi, shunday emasmi?
No one wants to come, do they?
Hech kim kelishni istamaydi, shundaymi?
Someone’s been in here, haven’t they?
Bu yerda kimdir bo’lgan, shunday emasmi?

Dialogue
Dialogue turida ham asosiy gap qaysi zamonda turgan bo’lsa
o’sha zamonning yordamchi fe’li yoki modal fe’l yordamida savol
beriladi. Bunda asosiy gapning kesimi bo’lishli shaklda bo’lsa tag
question ham bo’lishli, bo’lishsiz shaklda bo’lsa bo’lishsiz shaklda
bo’ladi:
- I have bought a new car. (+)
- Have you? What make is it?
(+) Yangi mashina sotib oldim.
 Shunaqami? Rusumi qanaqa?
- The washing machine isn’t working. (-)
- Isn’t it? (-)
Kir yuvish mashinasi ishlamayapti.
Shunaqami? (ishlamayaptimi?)

Short answers
 Qisqa javoblar ham yordamchi fe’llar va modal fe’llar
yordamida yasaladi.

Bo’lishli gaplarda
So + yordamchi yoki modal fe’l + Ega,
Yoki gap oxirida too ham so’zi yordamida
yasaladi. I have got a book.
Menda kitob bor.
So have I. / I have got a book too
Menda ham.
Og’zakida: me too.

Bo’lishsiz gaplarda
Neither/Nor + yordamchi yoki modal fe’l +
Ega,
Yoki gap oxirida either ham so’zi yordamida
yasaladi. I haven’t got a book.
Menda kitob yo’q.
Neither have I / Nor have I/ I haven’t either
Menda ham. (inkor)

Og’zakida: me either (US)/me neither

Qisqa javobli gaplar:

I like music.
Men musiqani yoqtiraman.
So does she. / She does
too He doesn’t like music.
Men musiqani yoqtirmayman.
Neither do I / Nor do I / I don’t like it either
Men ham. (inkor)

 Qisqa javoblarning quyidagi turi ham bor. Bu ham

yordamchi yoki modal fe’llar yordamida yasaladi.
Do you like music?
Senga musiqa
yoqadimi? Yes, I do/ No,
I don’t. ha/yo’q

185
Can you speak English?
Ingliz tilida gapira olasizmi?
Yes, I can/ No, I can’t
Ha, gapira olaman/ Yo’q, gapira olmayman.

Ko’pincha muammo keltiradigan fe’l have fe’li hisoblanadi.

Have fe’li Have got, have V3 (perfect shakllarda) va had better da
do yordamchi fe’lini olmaydi. Boshqa barcha holatlarda do
yordamchi fe’lini oladi.
Have olish holatlari: Ular allaqachon kunfuni o’rganib
I have got a house. bo’lishdi, shunday emasmi?
Menda uy bor. Do olish holatlari:
So have I. I usually have breakfast at 7.00
Menda a.m.
ham. Men odatda soat 7.00 da
We have done our work. nonushta qilaman.
Biz ishimizni qilib So do I.
bo’ldik. So have we. Men ham.
Biz ham. She has a big library.
You had better study Uning katta kutubxonasi bor.
hard. Siz yaxshisi qattiq So do I.
o’qing. Menda ham.
So had you. You have to pay the fine,
Siz ham. don’t you?
They have already learnt Sen jarimani to’lashingga to’g’ri
kunfu, haven’t they? keladi, shunday emasmi?

Tag questions
(Monologue)
1. It’s a lovely film, …? C) do you D) do we
A) is it B) isn’t it 6. Be on time,…?
C) does it C) doesn’t it A) be not you B) will you
2. I don’t have to work C) are you D) aren’t you
on Sunday, …? 7. They never want it,…?
A) do I B) have I A) don’t they B) do they
C) don’t I D) haven’t I C) doesn’t he D) does he
3. I’m a popular guide, 8. Everyone wants to be happy,
…? …?
A) isn’t it B) am I A) don’t they B) do they
C) aren’t I D) is it
4. There are no seats to sit, C) doesn’t he D) does he
…? 9. Let’s go home, …?
A) isn’t it B) is it A) shall we B) don’t you
C) aren’t there D) are there C) do you D) won’t you
5. Don’t make any noise,…?
A) will you B) don’t you
10. Your relatives visit you A) aren’t they B) aren’t we
every summer, …? C) don’t they D) do we
A) are they B) aren’t they 16. Let’s speak only English, …?
C) do they D) don’t they
A) won’t we B) shall we
11. You should cut on C) do we D) don’t we
smoking,
17. He worked all day yesterday,
…?
…?
A) should you B) shouldn’t
A) did he B) didn’t he
you
C) doesn’t he D) does he
C) will you D) don’t you
18. We’ve been waiting for a
12. We’ll be ready in two days,
bus since 2,…?
…?
A) aren’t we B) hasn’t it
A) shan’t we B) don’t we
C) haven’t we D) didn’t we
C) aren’t we D) will we
19. We have to go now, …?
13. You can swim in
the river,…?
A) haven’t we B) don’t we
C) have we D) do we
A) can’t you B) will you
C) don’t you D) won’t you 20. This accident made him sad,
…?
14. Nodir is on duty today, …?
A) wasn’t it B) wasn’t he
A) isn’t it B) is he
C) aren’t he D) isn’t he C) didn’t it D) does he
15. Tom, Alice and I are
good friends,…?

Tag questions
(Dialogue)
1. - I don’t want you to come 5. - This man never tells a lie.
early.
-…? But my father wants.
A) Don’t you B) Do you
C) Do I D) Doesn’t he
2. - I’m working at the
moment.
- …? I think you are free.
A) Are you B) Aren’t you
C) Am I not D) Are I
3. - Mark has been ill for
four days.
- …? We must go to see him.
A) Isn’t he B) Is he
C) Hasn’t he D) Has he
4. - Michelle can swim for a
long distance.
- …?
-Yes. She is a good swimmer.
A) Is she B) Isn’t he
C) Can she D) Can’t he

187
-….? So I may trust him.
A) Doesn’t he B) Does he
C) will he D) Is it
6. - You have to wear a
school uniform.
- …? I don’t think so.
A) Haven’t I B) Do I
C) Have I D) Did I
7. - Max didn’t invite his
friends to the party.
-…? He is so mean.
A) Did he B) Is he
C) Isn’t he D) Didn’t
he 8.- My mum has a
strong headache.
- …? She must have a cup
of herbal tea.
A) Has she B) Does she
C) doesn’t she D) Hasn’t she
9. - It rained all day
yesterday in Tashkent.
-… ? The same here. - …? I think it’s five, because
A) Is it B) Did it I’m a literature man.
C) Has it D) Isn’t it A) Do they B) Are they
10. – There are only five pupils C) Does it D) Is it
in the lesson. 16. - Maria speaks four
- …? I see them six. foreign languages.
A) Are they B) Aren’t they - … ? I look with envy at her.
C) Aren’t there D) Are there A) Is she B) Did she
11. You should behave C) Does she D) Doesn’t she
well while you are in the 17. - Temur will leave for
job interview. India in two weeks.
-…? -…? Really?
A) Do I B) Ought to I A) Won’t he B) Does he
C) Should I D) Don’t I C) Is he D) Will he
12. - Tom’s dog runs fast. 18.- My close friend moved to
- …? I would have one. Canada last year.
A) Doesn’t it B) Is it -…? Do you talk to him on
C) Isn’t it D) Does it the phone very often?
13. A group of students A) Does he B) Did she
are waiting for the dean. C) Did he D) Does she
-…? What do they want to ask 19. - I was born in Bukhara.
for? - …? I think you are from Navoi.
A) Are they B) Is it C) Do A) Was you B) Did you
they C) Were you D) Are you
D) Does it 20. - They are chatting
14. – A Subway is a kind of on telegram.
public transport. -…? I think they are discussing
- …? important questions.
A) Is it B) Isn’t it C) Are they A) Do they B) Have they
D) Do they C) Are they D) Aren’t they
15.- Two times two is four.

Tag questions Mixed

1. This is my book, A) do they B) don’t they

…? 7. – It is raining.
A) is it B) isn’t it
2. It is not your pen,…? 6. My friends go to school, …?
A) is it B) isn’t it
3. You want to be a teacher,
…?
A) do you B) don’t you
4. You don’t like this music,
…?
A) do you B) don’t you
5. You are tired, …?
A) are you B) aren’t you 189
- …?
A) is it B) isn’t it
8. – My sister works
at a hospital.
- …?
A) is she B) isn’t she
C) does she D) doesn’t she
9. We like English, …?
A) are we B) aren’t we
C) do we D) don’t we 15. – Our teacher is the best,
10. – Sofia likes reading …?
books. A) does she B) doesn’t she
- …?
C) is she D) isn’t she
A) is she B) isn’t she 16. You live in London, …?
C) does she D) doesn’t she
A) do you B) don’t you
11. – I don’t know history. C) are you D) aren’t you
- …?
17. They will come to the party,
A) do I B) don’t I …?
C) do you D) don’t you
A) do they B) don’t they
12. You don’t have breakfast, C) will they D) won’t they
…?
18. – We have got two cows.
A) do you B) don’t you - …?
C) have you D) haven’t you
A) do you B) don’t you
13. They have finished C) have you D) haven’t you
their work,…?
19. He watches TV everyday, …?
A) do they B) don’t they
A) is he B) isn’t he
C) have they D) haven’t they
C) does he D) doesn’t he
14. – David has got a house.
20. You are beautiful, …?
- …?
A) has he B) hasn’t he A) are you B) aren’t you
C) am I D) aren’t I
C) does he D) doesn’t he

Short answers.
Test 1
1. We want to learn English. C) Neither can I D) I can either
A) So do we B) Neither do we 7. I don’t go to the theatre
C) So we do D) we want either very often.
2. I’ve seen your photographs. A) So do I B) Neither don’t I
A) Nor did I B) I did either C) So I do D) I don’t go either
C) So has Ann D) So did I 8. I didn’t listen to the
3. I haven’t got much time. latest news.
A) I don’t either B) So have I A) Nor I did B) Neither did I
C) Nor have I D) Neither I have C) I didn’t too D) So I do
4. I’ve never been to New York. 9. Sue has brought
new furniture from
A) Neither have I B) Nor do I
Italy.
C) So has my mother
A) So has Jill B) So did Jill
D) So my mother has C) Jill did either D) Jill did too
5. They were not informed 10. I went to school yesterday.
about the accident.
A) So has my friend
A) Neither were their parents
B) My friend has either
B) Neither wasn’t I
C) So did I
C) I was either
D) Neither did I
D) So were we
11. I don’t like dancing.
6. I can’t play badminton.
A) Neither does my sister
A) So can’t I B) Nor I can’t
B) So does she
189
C) She does either C) I can drive too D) So I can
D) She doesn’t too 17. You shouldn’t cry while
12. You had better go to you are out.
sleep. A) Nor do they
A) Nor I had B) Neither they should
B) Neither had I C) Nor did they
C) So had you D) They shouldn’t cry either
D) So did you 18. Salt is not expensive.
13. I was late for breakfast. A) So is sugar B) Sugar is too
A) I was either B) I was late C) sugar too D) Neither is sugar
too 19. I usually have lunch
C) So I was D) So did I at home.
14. I never eat fish. A) So do I B) So have I
A) Neither does my son C) I have either D) I have too
B) So does he 20. We’re planning to meet
C) He doesn’t too after lessons.
D) Nor doesn’t he A) So we are B) We are too
15. I would like a cup of C) We do too D) So do we
coffee.
A) So I would B) So do I
C) So would I D) I do too
16. I can drive a car. Test 2
A) I can either B) I do too C) So would I
D) Neither would I
6. Europe isn’t a country.
1. He has got big blue eyes. A) So is Asia
A) So has his daughter B) Neither is America
B) Neither have I
C) So I have
D) Neither I do
2. I won’t go to school us.
tomorrow. A) I would either
A) Neither won’t I B) I didn’t either
B) So will I
C) I won’t go neither
D) Neither will Mark
3. Winter is a lovely season.
A) So is Spring
B) Autumn is either
C) Too is Spring
D) So Summer is
4. My name’s Victor.
A) My brother’s either
B) So is my dad’s
C) So mine is
D) So does mine
5. I wouldn’t like him to join
C) So does Asia
D) America is either
7. The capital of Spain
isn’t Rome.
A) Neither is Paris
B) Neither does Delhi
C) Neither isn’t Madrid
D) So isn’t London
8. We had dinner at an
Italian restaurant last
night.
A) Neither did we
B) So did we
C) So do we
D) We did either
9. I’m going to be a lawyer.
A) So am I B) Nor am I
C) Neither am I D) So I am
10. I like horror films and …

191
A) So does my brother B) So I A) So can I B) So I can
do C) Neither can I
C) Nor I don’t D) I do too
D) I can’t neither
11. I have nothing to give
16. I live a long way from
you and …
my work plce.
A) so have you
A) So does Nelli
B) you don’t have either
B) Nelli is too
C) neither you haven’t
C) Nelli lives too
D) you haven’t too
D) Nelli is either
12. We’ve been married
17. I didn’t pay attention
since 2010.
to Alan’s words.
A) So we have
A) So did I B) I did either
B) Nor we have C) I did too D) Neither did I
C) So did we 18. Summer is warm, isn’t it?
D) So have we A) Yes, it is B) No, it’s not
13. I have a bath every day. C) Yes, it’s not D) No, It is
A) So I have B) Nor have I 19. The capital of
C) So does Helen D) Neither Uzbekistan isn’t Tashkent,
do I is it?
14. The beginning of the A) Yes, it is B) No, it is
film wasn’t very good. C) Yes, it’s not D) No, it’s not
A) So was the end 20. I’m sure I’ll solve all
B) The end was either the tests without any
C) So is the end difficulty.
D) Neither was the end A) So am I B) So I will
15. I can hardly hear you. C) Neither I will D) I’ll do either

191
 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Shart gaplar

First Conditional

If + Ega + present tenses, Ega + future simple, (buyruq

gap,
fe’lla modal

Hozirgi va kelasi zamondagi real shart gaplar:

If I find your key, I shall give it to you.
Agar kalitingni topsam, uni senga
beraman. If you see him, ask him to ring
me up.
Agar uni ko’rsang, menga qo’ng’iroq qilishini ayt.
If you want to keep a friend, never borrow never lend.
Agar do’stingni saqlashni xohlasang, hech qachon qarz olma va
berma If you have a birthday party, you might get lots of cool
presents.
Agar tug’ilgan kuningizda ziyofat uyushtirsangiz, ko’plab ajoyib
sovg’alar olishingiz mumkin.

Second Conditional

If + Ega + past simple or past continuous, Ega +

Hozirgi va kelasi zamondagi noreal shart gaplar:

If you had a beard, you would look just like Charles Dickens.
Agar soqolingiz bo’lganida, xuddi Charles Dikensga
o’xshagan bo’lardingiz.
If you were flying to Rio, would you get there much quicker?
Agar Rioga uchayotgan bo’lganingda, u yerga tezroq
borardingmi? If I could help you, I would, but I can’t.
Agar senga yordam bera olganimda, yordam bergan
bo’lardim, lekin yordam berolmayman.
 Bu turdagi shart gaplarda odatda was o’rnida barcha shaxslar
va har ikkala sonda ham were ishlatiladi.
If he were here, he would help us.
Agar u shu yerda bo’lganida, bizga yordam bergan bo’lardi.
 Third Conditional

If + Ega + past perfect or perfect continuous, Ega + would

O’tgan zamondagi noreal shart gaplar:

She wouldn’t have been angry with me, If I hadn’t done that.
O’sha ishni qilmaganimda u mendan xafa bo’lmagan bo’lar
edi.
If he hadn’t eaten all the manti yesterday, the children wouldn’t
have got hungry.
Agar u kecha hamma mantini o’zi yemaganida edi, bolalar och
qolmagan bo’lar edi.

Would o’rnida could va might ham kelishi mumkin:

If you hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have done this work.
Agar sen bizga yordam bermaganingda, bu ishni qilolmagan bo’lardik.

Test 1

1. You will be fined if A) followed B) would follow

you ... your car there. C) will follow D) had followed
A) would park B) parked 8. They would have
C) will park D) park telephoned us if they ... lost.
2. Would you mind if I ... A) would get B) had got
early? C) get D) will get
A) will leave B) left 9. I don't have a pen, but if I
C) had left D) would leave ..., I would lend it to you.
3. If I ... the question, I would A) have B) do
answer. C) did D) will have
A) understood B) understand 10. Rob ... English if he
C) would understand hadn't gone to the course.
D) have understood A) won’t go
4. If it ... fine tomorrow, I'll B) wouldn’t have learnt
go for a swim. C) hadn’t learnt
A) were B) is C) will D) doesn’t learn
D) would be
5. He would have come if you A) works B) has worked
.... C) had worked D) worked
A) would have invited 7. If I ... his advice, I would be a
B) have invited fool.
C) invite
D) had invited
6. If John ... hard, he
would pass the
examination.

193
11. "Do you think he
will send you a card?"
"If he ... on holiday, he will."
A) go B) went
C) will go D) goes
12. Don't blame me. I ... him
only if he hadn't been driving
so fast.
A) will have followed
B) had followed
C) would have been able C) will pay D) paid
to follow 17. If I had known that you were
D) follow in hospital, I ... visited you.
13. Even if I ... the money, I A) would have B) will
wouldn't have given him C) had D) have
any. 18. He ... his exams if
A) have B) had had he'd learnt more.
C) would have D) have had A) wouldn't fail
14. We would have gone alone B) wouldn't have failed
if we ... the way.
C) hadn't failed
A) will know B) would know
D) didn’t fail
C) knew D) had known
19. He wouldn't have
15. If you do this again, I ...
started talking if you ...
report it, I'm afraid.
him.
A) must B) will have to
A) wouldn't ask B) hadn't asked
C) should D) would
C) didn't ask D) don’t asked
16. The country would be
20. I ... if he hadn’t asked me.
more successful if it ... more
attention to education than A) don’t go B) won’t go
art and sport. C) wouldn't have gone
A) pays B) would pay D) didn’t go

Test 2

1. If I ... a house on fire, I'd call 6. If he ... to help us, we

the fire brigade. could not have finished the
A) see B) saw work in time.
C) would see D) seen A) refuses B) had refused
2. If you aren’t ready for the C) would refuse D) will refuse
lesson, … out of the 7. If it ... necessary, we
classroom. would have done it.
A) will go B) went A) would have been B) had been
C) would go D) go C) is D) has been
3. If I … her tomorrow, I … 8. If I had been engaged to
her about it. somebody else, I ... the gift
A) will see/ask B) saw/asked from him.
C) see/will ask A) won't accept
D) will see/ will ask B) mustn't accept
4. If you ... reading the book, C) wouldn't have accepted
return it to the library, D) cannot accept
please. 9. If he hadn't been drunk,
A) have finished B) will he ... control of the car.
finish A) wouldn't have lost
C) had finished D) finishes B) hadn't lost
5. He ... coffee if he could, C) wouldn't lose
but he really can't. D) hasn't lost
A) would make B) makes 195
C) made D) will make
10. It ... a good meeting if 15. If I lived in the country, I ...
Rosa hadn't been there. a lot of animals.
A) would be B) wouldn't be A) had B) will have
C) hadn't been C) would have D) had had
D) wouldn't have been 16. If they ... the
11. If I ... rich, I would buy examination, they'll all be
a fine house. very happy.
A) would be B) should be A) will pass B) would pass
C) am D) were C) pass D) passed
12. If you ... to town 17. If you hurry, you ... there
tomorrow, will you do some on time.
shopping for me? A) are B) would be
A) went B) will be going C) will be D) will
C) will go D) go 18. If I … you, I would join a
13. "Do you think Peter will Language Centre.
get good marks next year?" A) will be B) were
"If he ... hard, he will." C) had been D) am
A) study B) will study 19. If I ... in your position, I'd
C) studies D) studied have acted differently.
14. I think those flowers A) had been B) will be
would grow better if you ... C) would be D) am
them some water. 20. We ... go for a walk if
A) gave B) given the weather changes.
C) have given D) would give A) are B) will
C) will be D) would

195
 Gerund va Infinitive

Gerund va Infinitive fe’lning shaxsi noma’lum shakllari hisoblanadi.

Gerund – V + ing – going, working, speaking, …
Infinitive – (to) + V – (to) go, (to) work, (to) speak, …

Gerund
Quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi:
1) harakat nomi vazifasida (ma’lum fe’llardan keyin yoki odatda
gap boshida):
Most children enjoy playing games.
Ko’pchilik bolalar o’yin uynashdan zavqlanishadi.
Learning English is very important nowadays.
Ingliz tilini o’rganish hozirgi kunda juda muhim.
Lekin:
It’s very important to learn English nowadays.
Ingliz tilini o’rganish hozirgi kunda juda
muhim.
2) ish-harakatning qay tarzda bajarilganligini ko’rsatib,
ravishdosh vazifasida:
He told me that story crying.
U menga hikoyani yig’lab aytib berdi.
He usually watches movies eating
popcorn. U odatda bodroq yeb kino
tomosha qiladi.

3) sifatdosh vazifasida:
The man sitting over there is my uncle.
Ana u yerda o’tirgan odam mening
amakim. Barking dogs seldom bite.
Akkildoq (akkillaydigan) itlar kamdan-kam tishlaydi.

4) predloglardan keyin:
He left the room without saying a
word. U biror so’z demay xonadan chiqib
ketdi. I’m interested in teaching
English.
Men ingliz tili o’rgatishga qiziqaman.

5) Egalik olmoshlari sifat shakllaridan keyin keladi (my, your, his,

her, its, our, their):
His coming to the meeting isn’t certain yet.
Uning uchrashuvga kelishi hali aniq emas.
6) Gapning boshida kelib sababli deb tarjima qilinishi
mumkin: Knowing the language, she could understand
them completely. Tilni yaxshi bilganligi sababli, u ularni
to’liq tushundi.
  Harakat nomi vazifasida kelganida quyidagi fe’llardan
keyin ishlatiladi:
Avoid chetlab o’tmoq Keep davom etmoq
Can’t help qilmay turolmaslik Mention eslatmoq
Can’t stand chidab Mind e’tiroz bildirmoq
turolmaslik Deny Quit to’xtatmoq
inkor etmoq Resume davom etmoq
Discuss muhokama Risk tavakkal qilmoq
qilmoq Suggest taklif qilmoq
Enjoy zavqlanmoq Understand tushunmoq
Fancy yoqtirmoq To be worth loyiq bo’lmoq
Feel like xohlamoq It’s no use foydasi yo’q
Finish tugatmoq
Imagine tasavvur qilmoq
Involve taqozo etmoq

Look forward to doing -ni intizorlik bilan

kutmoq Be accustomed to doing -ga
moslashmoq
Object to doing -ga qarshi bo’lmoq
Be used to doing -ga mosashmoq

(Bu yerda to predlog vazifasida kelgan).

Infinitive

 Gaplarda odatda quyidagi fe’llardan keyin harakat

nomi vazifasida keladi:
Afford qurbi yetmoq Invite taklif qilmoq
Agree rozi bo’lmoq Learn o’rganmoq
Aim maqsad qilmoq Likely ehtimol
Appear ko’rinmoq Manage eplamoq
Arrange rejalashtirmoq Offer taklif qilmoq
Ask so’ramoq Order buyurmoq
Attempt urinib ko’rmoq Plan reja qilmoq
Claim da’vo qilmoq Prepare tayyorlamoq
Decide qaror qilmoq Pretend -day tutmoq
Demand talab qilmoq Promise va’da bermoq
Deserve loyiq bo’lmoq Refuse rad etmoq
Expect kutmoq Seem tuyulmoq
Fail muvaffaqiyatsizlikka Show ko’rsatmoq
uchramoq Teach o’qitmoq,
Force majburlamoq o’rgatmoq Tell aytmoq
Hesitate ikkilanmoq Tend moyil bo’lmoq
Hope umid qilmoq Threaten tahdid qilmoq
Hurry shoshilmoq Use foydalanmoq,
Intend niyat qilmoq ishlatmoq Wait kutmoq

197
Want xohlamoq Would love xohamoq
Wish Would prefer ma’qul
ko’rmoq
xohlamoq Would like
xohlamoq

Make va let fe’llari va Why (not) dan keyin to siz infinitive

ishlatiladi:
He makes me do my homework in
time. U men uy vazifamni vaqtida
qildiradi.
Let me go!
Meni qo’yib yuboring!
Why not spend a weekend in Scotland?
Hafta oxirini Shotlandiyada
o’tkazmaymizmi?
Help fe’lidan keyin to li va to siz infinitive kelishi
mumkin: I’ll help you learn English.
I’ll help you to learn English.
Men sizga Ingliz tilini o’rganishda yordam beraman.

Need dan keyin aniq nisbatda to, majhul nisbat ma’nosida -ing
ishlatiladi:
I need to repair my car.
Men mashinamni tuzatishim
kerak. My car needs repairing
Mashinam ta’mirga muhtoj.

See, hear, watch, notice, feel fe’llaridan keyin to siz infinitive ham
gerund ham kela oladi. Farq uncha katta emas.
I saw him dance/dancing yesterday.
Kecha men uni raqsga tushganini/tushayotganini ko’rdim.

 Sifat va ravishlardan keyin odatda to li infinitive

keladi: I’m ready to go.
Men ketishga tayyorman.
It’s not easy to be a good person.
Yaxshi inson bo’lish oson emas.

 To uchun ma’nosida ham keladi. Bunda fe’llar oldidan keladi.

Ot va olmoshlar oldidan esa uchun ma’nosida for ishlatiladi:
To learn English easily and fast you must love it.
Ingliz tilini oson va tez o’rganish uchun uni sevish
kerak. I’ve come here to learn English.
Men bu yerga ingliz tilini o’rganish uchun keldim.
I’ve come here for English.
Men bu yerga ingliz tili uchun keldim.
I’ve come here for you.
Men bu yerga siz uchun keldim.
  Ish-harakatning maqsadini ko’rsatsa to do, otning
maqsadini ko’rsatsa for doing:
I’m reading this book to learn English.
Men bu kitobni ingliz tilini o’rganish uchun o’qiyapman.
This is a good book for learning English.
Bu ingliz tilini o’rganish uchun yaxshi kitob.

 Wait fe’lidan keyin ham –ni ma’nosida ot va olmoshlar bilan

for, fe’llar bilan to ishlatiladi:
I’m waiting for you to come.
Men seni kelishingni kutyapman.
Are you waiting for the teacher to let you go home?
Sen o’qituvchini uyga ketishingga ruxsat berishini kutyapsanmi?
Had better, would rather, would sooner lardan keyin to siz
infinitive ishlatiladi:
You had better do your lessons.
Sen yaxshisi darslaringni qil.
I’d rather drink water than cola.
Kola ichgandan ko’ra yaxshisi suv ichaman.
 Quyidagi shaklni ham eslab qoling:
sifat + for + ot yoki olmosh + to infinitive
History is too difficult for me to learn.
Tarix men o’rganishim uchun juda qiyinlik qiladi.

 Quyidagi fe’llar ham gerund ham infinitive bilan kela oladi

lekin ma’no o’zgarmaydi:
begin boshlamoq
start boshlamoq
continue davom ettirmoq
prefer afzal ko’rmoq

Tomorrow I’ll start learning/to learn English.

Ertaga men ingliz tilini o’rganishni boshlayman.
She prefers to drink/drinking water every
morning. U har tongda suv ichishni ma’qul
ko’radi.

 Quyidagi fe’llardan keyin odatda gerund keladi. Ba’zan

to li infinitive kelishi ham mumkin. Ma’no biroz
o’zgaradi:
hate nafratlanmoq
like yoqtirmoq
love sevmoq
dislike yomon ko’rmoq

199
Quyidagi fe’llar ham gerund ham infinitive bilan kela oladi lekin
ma’no o’zgaradi: try, stop, forget, remember
Try

Qila olish yoki olmaslik ma’nosida kelsa, undan keyin to li infinitive

keladi:
I’m trying to learn English.
Men ingliz tilini o’rganishga harakat qilyapman. (qila olamanmi
yo’qmi noaniq)
Agar “natijasi nima bo’larkan deb qilib ko’rish” ma’nosida
bo’lsa, gerund bilan keladi:
I tried pushing this button but it didn’t work.
Men bu tugmani bosib ko’rdim lekin u ishlamadi. (tugmani bosa olish
muammo emas, natijasi muhim)

Stop

Biror ish-harakatni bajarish uchun to’xtash ma’nosida bo’lsa, to li

infinitive ishlatiladi:
I want to stop to smoke.
Men chekish uchun to’xtamoqchiman.
Biror ish-harakatni bajarishdan to’xtash ma’nosida bo’lsa,
gerund: You should stop smoking.
Sen chekishdan to’xtashing kerak.

Remember/forget

Biror ish-harakatni bajarish kerakligini eslasa yoki unutsa, to li

infinitive ishlatiladi:
Don’t forget to close the windows.
Derazalarni yopishni unutma.
Biror ish-harakatni bajarganini eslasa yoki unutsa, gerund
ishlatiladi:
I forgot buying some milk and bought again.
Men biroz sut sotib olganimni unutdim va yana sotib oldim.

How, what, where, when kabi so’roq olmoshlaridan keyin odatda to li

infinitive keladi:
I don’t know what to do.
Men nima qilishni
bilmayman. He didn’t tell me
where to go.
U menga qayerga borishni aytmadi.
Can you tell me how to learn English faster?
Menga ingliz tilini qanday qilib tezroq o’rganishni ayta olasizmi?
 Test 1
1. They discussed … 11. Would you like … some tea?
shopping.
A) drink B) to drink
A) go B) to go C) going C) drinking
2. I try to avoid … her. 12. Don’t let him …!
A) meet B) to meet C) A) go B) to go C) going
meeting
13. I saw them … on the floor.
3. We are accustomed … in
A) dancing B) to dance
hot weather.
C) to dancing
A) work B) to working
C) working
14. I’ve come here … English.
4. She decided … English. A) learn B) to learn
C) for learn
A) learn B) to learn
C) learning 15. We’re waiting for the bus …
5. Would you mind … the
door?
A) open B) to open C) opening A) come B) to come C) coming
6. Our teacher makes us … 16. Keep … ! You can do it.
to the lesson on time. A) try B) to try C) trying
A) come B) to come C) coming 17. I suggest … a rest for
7. He affords … a car. a while.
A) buy B) to buy C) buying A) have B) to have C) having
8. They refused …. 18. Do you enjoy … books?
A) come B) to come C) coming A) read B) to read C) reading
9. Tom offered me … his car. 19. Have you ever heard her …?
A) buy B) to buy C) buying A) sing B) to sing C) to singing
10. My grandmother asked me 20. He denied … the money.
… her. A) steal B) to steal C) stealing
A) help B) to help C) helping

Test 2

1. She is so funny. I can’t 5. They risked … business.

help A) run B) to run
… when I see her. C) running D) to running
A) laugh B) to laugh 6. You are worth … high grades.
C) laughing D) to laughing A) getting B) to get
2. The teacher asked me … C) to getting D) get
the book. 7. These flowers need …
A) to read B) reading A) watering B) being watered
C) read D) to reading C) to water D) watered
3. I am afraid of … a cold. 8. I am used … to school
A) to catch B) catching on foot.
C) to catching D) catch
4. … him very well, A) Knowing B) To know
undoubtedly I can say that he C) Know D) To knowing
is very clever.
A) to go B) going
C) to going D) go
9. He is planning … go to
foreign countries to have a
rest.
A) to going B) to go A) for/ to come B) to/to come
C) going D) go C) for/ coming D) for/ come
10. When I saw him, he 16. She is ready … you
was hurrying … to some new poems.
mosque. A) to send B) sending
A) going B) to go C) to sending D) send
C) to going D) go 17. That man … a song is
11. He is making his brother my uncle.
… the tasks on time. A) singing B) to sing
A) doing B) to do C) to singing D) sing
C) to doing D) do 18. She is very fearful. That’s
12. I saw him … for the why she minds … out at
capital. night.
A) leaving B) to leaving A) going B) to go
C) left D) leaves C) to going D) go
13. You must have strong 19. I would prefer …
wish hotter coffee.
… anything. A) drinking B) to drink
A) learning B) for learn C) to drinking D) drink
C) to learn D) to learning 20. This book seems
14. Don’t go there … her. … interesting.
She can do it on herself. A) be B) being
A) to help B) to helping C) to be D) to being
C) helping D) help Test 3
15. I waited … him …
1. I have come here … C) buying D) buy
my passport. 7. She talked to them about
A) to take B) took this story …
C) to taking D) take A) crying B) to cry
2. I have heard him … a song. C) to crying D) cry
A) to singing B) singing 8. Life is wonderful. Keep …
C) to sing D) sings A) smile B) to smile
3. Don’t let him … up! C) smiling D) to smiling
A) giving B) to give 9. I forgot … his money
C) to giving D) give yesterday. I must do it today.
4. I want … out … snow. A) to give B) giving
A) to go/ watch C) to giving D) give
B) to go/ to watch 10. He decides everything on
C) for going/ to watch his own without … anyone.
D) go/ to watch A) warning B) warn
5. They decided … to karaoke C) to warning D) to warn
next week. 11. Not … about the lesson
A) going B) to going timetable, she was late for
C) to go D) go the lesson.
6. I was looking forward … A) Knowing B) Known
that book. C) To know D) To knowing
A) to buying B) to buy
12. I expect you … your A) to go B) going
homework on time. C) to going D) go
A) to finish B) finish 17. Do you know the girl …
C) to finishing D) finish behind the stage?
13. Can you afford … a A) standing B) stand
new house? C) to stand D) to standing
A) to build B) to building 18. His story was so funny
C) building D) built that children couldn’t help
14. She decided … him to …
the party. A) to laugh B) to laughing
A) not invite B) not inviting C) laughing D) laugh
C) not to invite D) don’t invite 19. My computer needs …
15. His … to the meeting A) repair B) to repair
isn’t certain yet. C) to repairing D) repairing
A) come B) to come
20. I’ve never seen her …
C) coming D) to coming
A) cries B) cry
16. The government doesn’t
C) to cry D) to crying
let people … out without any
reasons these days.

Test 4

1. I expect you … your work. 8. Don’t hesitate … to my phone

A) finish B) to finishing calls.
C) to finish D) finishing A) to answer B) answering
2. I don’t know how … this
tool.
A) to use B) using
C) used D) to be used
3. They waited … what
would happen next.
A) seeing B) to seeing
C) see D) to see
4. He demanded us … back
his books.
A) to bring B) bringing
C) bring D) to bringing
5. He refused … anything.
A) say B) saying
C) to say D) to saying
6. When would you like … ?
today or tomorrow.
A) begin B) to beginning
C) to begin D) beginning
7. I dislike … without meat.
A) cook B) to cooking
C) cooking D) cooked
203
C) answer D) answered
9. We expected you …
much earlier.
A) to come B) coming
C) came D) come
10. You keep … to send
me some tests.
A) forgetting B) to forget
C) forgot D) forget
11. I’m planning … to Canada.
A) going B) go
C) to going D) to go
12. She seems … the most
skillful teacher.
A) be B) being
C) to be D) been
13. Erick is likely …
Mark’s new job offer.
A) accepting B) accept
C) to accept D) to accepting
14. He threatened … him.
A) kill B) to kill
C) to killing D) killing
15. She promised … me.
A) not forget B) not forgetting
C) don’t forget D) not to
forget
16. I asked her … it a secret.
A) to keep B) keep C) persuaded D) persuading
C) keeping D) to keeping 19. Don’t make me … it!
17. Karen told me …some A) do B) to do
cheese, but I forgot. C) doing D) to doing
A) bringing B) brought 20. Your car looks awful. It needs
C) to bring D) bring … .
18. John is very good at … A) to wash B) washed
people to do what he wants.
C) wash D) to be washed
A) persuade B) to persuade

Test 5
Try, stop, remember, forget

1. I still remember … you for A) sleeping B) to try

the first time.
11. Elias Howe spent years trying
A) seeing B) to see
… a sewing machine.
2. - Did you remember …
A) perfecting B) to perfect
the shopping?
12. Have you tried … that
- Oh, I forgot.
new juice? It’s so
A) doing B) to do
delicious!
3. I can’t remember … her
A) drinking B) to drink
before.
13. Stop talking! I’m trying …
A) meeting B) to meet the essay.
4. Remember … some A) finishing B) to finish
stamps when you are coming
14. I remember …
from work!
videogames when I was
A) buying B) to buy
ten.
5. She will never forget … A) playing B) to play
the Himalayas for the
15. Don’t forget … the cow in
first time.
time.
A) seeing B) to see
A) feeding B) to feed
6. Don’t forget … the door
16. I stopped … the way
before leaving the room.
because we had got lost.
A) locking B) to lock
A) asking B) to ask
7. Ali is always forgetting …
17. I needed to drink some
his pills on time.
water so I stopped …
A) taking B) to take
A) running B) to run
8. – Give me the keys.
18. Stop … and listen to me!
- Oh, sorry. I forgot … them.
A) reading B) to read
A) bringing B) to bring
19. They didn’t stop … until
9. I’m trying … her but
the teacher told them.
it’s so difficult.
A) talking B) to talk
A) forgetting B) to forget
20. After two hours of running
10. – I’ve got a headache. she stopped … a rest.
- Try … an aspirin. A) having B) to have
A) taking B) to take

205
 PREPOSITION
Predlog
At – da
 Vaqt ma’nosida soatni aytishda
ishlatiladi: At 5.30 5.30 da
At 7 o’clock Soat 7 da
 O’rin-joy ma’nosida mavhum joylarni yoki bir
nuqtani ifodalashda ishlatiladi:
At the party Ziyofatda
At the station Bekatda
At football match Futbol o’yinida
At the traffic lights Svetaforda
At the top of the mountain Tog’ning
tepasida At the top of the page Betning
tepasida

Bayram nomlari oldidan:

At Christmas Kristmas bayramida
At Easter Pasxa bayramida
At Navruz Navro’z bayramida
At Eid Al-Fitr Hayit bayramida
Iboralar:
At night tunda
At the moment ayni paytda
At the weekend hafta oxirida
At weekends hafta oxirida
At the same time bir xil vaqtda
At sunset quyosh botganda
At sunrise quyosh chiqqanda
At midnight yarim tunda
At midday qoq peshinda
At noon kunning teng yarmida
At home uyda
At work ishda
At the beginning of -ning boshida
At the end of -ning oxirida
At (Jane)’s (Jeyn)nikida
At a concert konsertda
At the age of (10) (10) yoshda
At the speed of 90 kilometres an hour 90 kilometr soat
tezlikda At 100 degrees 100 gradusda
At the table stol atrofida

205
 In - da/ichida
 Vaqt ma’nosida oy nomlari, yillar, asrlar va boshqa
vaqt oraliqlarini ifodalashda ishlatiladi:
In April Aprelda
In 2002 2002-yilda
In five minutes besh minutda
In a week bir haftada
In two years ikki yilda
In the 21st century 21-asrda

 O’rin-joy ma’nosida biror narsa, joyning ichini

ifodalashda ishlatiladi:
In the house uyda
In the garden bog’da
In the box qutida
In the room xonada
In London Londonda
In the USA AQSHda
In the water suvda
In the morning tongda
In the beginning boshida, avval
In the end oxiri, niyohat
In the afternoon tushdan keyin
In the evening oqshomda
In bed to’shakda
In the street ko’chada
In the sky osmonda
In the world dunyoda
In a newspaper gazetada
In a magazine jurnalda
In a book kitobda
In a photo rasmda
In a picture rasmda
In a car mashinada
In the middle o’rtada

On – da/ustida
 Vaqt ma’nosida odatda bir kunni o’z ichiga olgan so’zlar
bilan ishlatiladi:
On the 1st of September Birinchi
sentabrda On Monday Dushanba kuni
On my birthday tug’ilgan kunimda
On Christmas Day Kristmas bayrami kunida
On Monday morning Dushanba kuni ertada
On holiday ta’tilda
On the Wedding Day to’y kunida
On February 3 3-fevralda

 O’rin-joy ma’nosida quyidagicha

ishlatiladi: On the table stol ustida
On the plate tarelkada
On the floor polda
On the wall devorda
On the bus avtobusda
On the train poyezdda
On the plane samalyotda
On the ground floor pastgi qavatda
On the first floor birinchi qavatda
On the horse otda
On the bicycle velosipedda
On the motor-bike mototsiklda
On the right o’ngda
On the left chapda
On foot piyoda
On fire olovda, yong’in ostida
On a farm fermada
On an island orolda

This, last, every va next so’zlari oldidan vaqtni ifodalab kelganida

in, at, on predloglari ishlatilmaydi:
This morning bugun ertada
Every week har hafta
Last year o’tgan yil
Next Monday keyingi Dushanba

Arrive in – katta shaxar, davlatlar oldidan.

Arrive at – kichik joylar oldidan.
They arrived in England last week.
They arrived at the hotel last
week. Go/get/arrive home
I was tired when I got/arrived home.
To – ga/gacha
 To kengroq ma’noda ishlatiladi, until esa odatda vaqtni
ifodalab keladi.
I’m going to school
Men maktabga boryapman.
We lived in Canada from 1977 to 1985.
Biz Kanadada 1977 yildan 1985 yilgacha
yashaganmiz. I can count to 100.
Men 100 gacha sanay olaman.

207
 Till, Until -gacha
 Vaqt ma’nosida keladi. Vaqtni ifodalovchi so’zlar oldidan
ham, gaplar oldidan ham kela oladi.
We lived in Canada from 1977 until
1985. I’ll be away until Monday.
Dushanbagacha ta’tilda bo’laman.
Wait here until I come.
Men kelguncha shu yerda kut.

During/while - da, mobaynida

During dan keyin so’z, while dan keyin gap yoki gerund
keladi: I went to sleep during the lesson.
I went to sleep while I was at the
lesson. I went to sleep while reading
a book.

Except/Besides -dan tashqari

Except – ajratib ko’rsatish uchun, besides esa qo’shish uchun.

There was nobody except me.
U yerda mendan tashqari hech kim yo’q edi.
There were many people besides me.
U yerda mendan tashqari ko’p odam bor edi.

Among/between orasida, o’rtasida

Among guruh orasida, between odatda ikki kishi yoki narsa orasida.
There is a house among those trees.
Ana u daraxtlar orasida bir uy bor.
There a café between the bank and the
hotel. Bank va mehmonxona o’rtasida bir kafe
bor.

About haqida; atrofida, taxminan

What’s that book about?
U kitob nima haqida?
I saw him about two months ago.
Men uni taxminan ikki oy ilgari ko’rgandim.

Above tepasida
There’s a mirror above the sink.
Rakavina tepasida oyna bor.
She’s rented a room above a shop.
U do’kon tepasidan xona ijaraga oldi.
Her name comes above mine on the
list.
Uning ismi ro’yxatda menikidan tepada keladi.
 Across orqali, kesib
She walked across the road.
U yo’lni kesib o’tdi.
They’re building a new bridge across the
river. Ular daryo ustidan yangi ko’prik
qurishyapti.
When I reached the river, I simply swam across.
Daryoga yetganimda, shunchaki suzib o’tdim.

Against qarshi
They sold the house though it was against their wishes.
Bu ularning xohishlariga qarshi bo’lishiga qaramasdan ular uyni
sotishdi.
Though most people voted against him, he became the president.
Ko’pchilik qarshi ovoz berganiga qarasdan, u president bo’ldi.

Along bo’ylab, yoqalab

We walked along the beach collecting small
crabs.
Biz kichik qisqichbaqalarni terib sohil buylab
yurdik. Cut along the dotted line.
Nuqtali chiziq buylab kes.

Behind orqasida
The police officer was hidden behind a tree.
Politsiya ofitseri daraxt ortida yashiringan
edi. I hung my coat behind the door.
Men paltomni eshik orqasiga osdim.

Below pastida
From the top of the skyscraper the cars below us looked like
insects. Osmono’par binoning tepasidan pastimizdagi mashinalar
hasharotlardek ko’rinay edi.
The author’s name was printed below the
title. Muallifning nomi sarlavha pastida
yozilgan edi.
Beside yonida
Come and sit here beside me.
Kel va mening oldimga o’tir.
Our school was built right beside a river.
Maktabimiz daryoning yonginasida qurilgan edi.
Down pastga
Is the lift going down?
Lift pastga ketyaptimi?
Don’t look down! You’ll get dizzy.
Pastga qarama! Boshing aylanadi.

209
 For uchun
There’s a letter for you.
Siz uchun xat bor.
I’d better buy something for the new baby.
Men yaxshisi yangi chaqaloq uchun biror nima sotib olay.

From -dan
The wind is coming from the north.
Shamol shimoldan kelyapti.
He took a handkerchief from his
pocket. U cho’ntagidan
dastro’molchani oldi.

In front of oldida; old tomonida

There’s parking space in front of the hotel.
Mehmonxona oldida mashina qo’yish uchun joy bor.
Please, don’t quarrel in front of the children.
Iltimos, bolalar oldida janjallashmanglar.

Into (ichi)ga
Let’s go into the garden.
Keling boqqa kiramiz.
The door opened and a nurse came into the room.
Eshik ochildi va hamshira xonaga kirdi.

Next to yonida
Who works in the office next to yours?
Sening offising yonidagi offisda kim
ishlaydi? He is standing next to me.
U mening yonimda turibdi.

Of ning
The colour of her hair is
brown. Uning sochining
rangi jigar.
What’s the name of that
plant? U o’simlikning nomi
nima?

Opposite qarama-qarshi, teskari; qarshi tomonida

My brother and I live on opposite sides of the city.
Akam va men shaxarning qarama-qarshi tomonida
yashaymiz. We’re in the building opposite the government
offices.
Biz hukumat korxonalarining qarshisidagi binodamiz.
They’re completely opposite to each other in every
way. Ular har tomonlama bir biriga mutlaqo qarama-
qarshi.
 Out of
(ichi)dan An apple rolled out of the bag.
Sumkadan olma dumalab
chiqdi. The patient is now out
of danger. Bemor hozir xavfdan
xoli.
I always clip recipes out of magazines.
Men doim jurnallardan retseptlarni qirqib olaman.

Over ustida, tepasida; ustidan

She held the umbrella over both of us.
U ikkalamiz ustimizda soyabon tutdi.
I put my hands over my eyes/ears because I couldn’t bear to
watch/listen.
Men qo’limni ko’zlarim/quloqlarim ustiga qo’ydim chunki
ko’rishga/tinglashga toqat qilolmasdim.
She jumped over the
gate. U darvoza ustidan
sakradi.

Past yonidan
She walked right past me without noticing
me. U yonginamdan meni sezmay o’tib ketdi.
Three boys went past us on mountain bikes.
Uchta bola tog’ mototsikllarida yonimizdan o’tib ketishdi.

Round/around (US) atrofidan

We sat (a)round the table.
Biz stol atrofida o’tirdik.
The moon goes (a)round the
earth. Oy yer atrofida aylanadi.
She had a scarf (a)round her neck.
Uning buynida sharf bor edi.

Through –dan, orqali

They walked slowly through the woods.
Ular sekinlik bilan o’rmon orqali yurishdi.
Our new sofa doesn’t fit through the
door. Bizning yangi divanimiz eshikdan
sig’maydi.

Under tagida, tagidan

He hid under the bed.
U kravat tagiga yashirindi.
She put the thermometer under my
tongue. U termometrni tilim tagiga
qo’ydi.
They stood under a tree to avoid getting wet.
Ular ho’l bo’lmasliklari uchun daraxt tagida o’tirishdi.

211
 Up tepaga
Put those books up on the top shelf.
U kitoblarni tokchaning tepasiga qo’y.
We looked up in the sky to see the
stars.
Biz yulduzlarni ko’rish uchun osmonga qaradik.

With bilan; -li

I like working with you.
Siz bilan ishlash menga yoqadi.
Please, handle this package with
care.
Iltimos, bu paketni ehtiyotkorlik bilan
ushlang. I like girls with long hair.
Menga uzun sochli qizlar yoqadi.

Without –siz
You look nice without make-up
Siz pardozsiz chiroyli ko’rinasiz.
This is without a doubt the best Chinese food I’ve ever
had. Bu shubhasiz men yegan eng yaxshi Xitoy taomi.

Ko’p uchraydigan predlogli iboralar

A cause of -ning sababi

A connection with bilan aloqa
A connection/a contact between -orasidagi aloqa
A decrease in -da pasayish
A demand for -ga talab
A difference between -orassidagi farq
A fall in -da tushish
A key to (a door) -ga kalit
A need for -ga ehtiyoj
A reaction to -ga munosabat
A reason for -ga sabab
A relationship between -o’rtasidagi
munosabat The relationship between Tom and me is
good.
Tom bilan menning o’rtamdagi munosabat
yaxshi a relationship with bilan munosabat
My relationship with Tom is good.
Mening tom bilan munosabatim yaxshi.
A reply to -ga javob
A rise in -da ko’tarilish
A solution to -ga yechim
Accuse of -da ayblamoq
Aim/point (smth) at -ni mo’ljallamoq
An advantage of -ning
ustunligi (there is an advantage in/to) - da
ustunlik An answer to -ga javob
(to answer smb/smth) -ga javob
bermoq An attitude to -ga munosabat
An increase in -da oshish
An invitation to -ga taklif
Apologise to smb for smth -dan … uchun kechirim
so’ramoq Apply for -ga hujjat topshirmoq
Approve of -ni maqullamoq
Ask for -ni (berishini) so’ramoq
Ask smb -dan so’ramoq
Be ashamed of -dan uyalmoq
Be astonished at/by -dan ajablangan
Be aware/conscious of -dan xabardor
bo’lmoq Be afraid of dan qo’rqmoq
Be amazed at/by -dan ajablangan
Be angry with smb for doing smth -dan … uchun jahli
chiqqan Be angry/annoyed/furious about smth -dan jahli
chiqqan
Be annoyed with smb for doing smth -dan … uchun jahli
chiqqan Be bad at dan yaxshi bilmaslik
Be different from dan farqli bo’lmoq, ga o’xshamaslik
Be fed up with joniga tegmoq
Be good at dan yaxshi bilmoq
Be interested in ga qiziqmoq
Be kind of somebody tomonidan mehribonlik
bo’lmoq Be married to somebody bilan turmush qurgan
bo’lmoq Be sorry about smth uchun kechirim so’ramoq
Be sorry for doing smth uchun kechirim
so’ramoq Be/get engaged to -ga unashtirilgan
(engage in) bilan mashg’ul bo’lmoq
Be/get married to -ga turmushga chiqqan
(to marry smb) -ga turmushga chiqmoq
Believe in (mavjudligiga, kuchiga) ishonmoq
(believe smb) kimgadir ishonmoq (gapiga)
Belong to ga qarashli bo’lmoq
Blame smb for smth -ni … -da ayblamoq
Blame smth on smb -ni … -ga to’nkamoq
Break down buzilmoq (mashina, asbob)
Break into o’g’irlikka kirmoq
Be brilliant at -dan juda yaxshi
(bilish) Be certain/sure of/about -ga amin bo’lmoq
Be capable/incapable of qila
olmoq/qilolmaslik Be critical of-ga qarshi bo’lmoq
Be delighted with -dan mamnun bo’lmoq

213
Be crowded with (odamlar) bilan to’la
Be envious of -ga havasi kelmoq
Be excellent at -dan juda yaxshi (bilish)
Be excited about smth -dan zavqlangan
Be different from -dan farqli
Be disappointed with -dan hafsalasi pir
bo’lmoq Be fond of -ni yaxshi ko’rmoq
Be frightened of -dan qo’rmoq
Be full of bilan to’la
Be hopeless at -dan no’noq (-da qobiliyatsiz)
bo’lmoq Be impressed with/by -dan tasirlanmoq
Be independent of -dan ozod bo’moq
Be indifferent to -ga befarq bo’moq
Be responsible for -ga javobgar bo’lmoq
Be satisfied with -dan mamnun
Be scared of -dan qo’rmoq
Be shocked at/by -dan juda hayron
Be short of kam bo’lmoq
Be surprised at/by -dan hayron
Be suspicious of -dan shubhalangan
Be terrified of -dan qo’rmoq
Be tired of -dan charchagan
Be tolerant of -ga sabrli
Be interested in -ga qiziqmoq
Be jealous of -ni qizg’anmoq, rashk qilmoq
Be keen on -ga ishqiboz bo’lmoq
Be typical of -ga xos
Be upset about smth -dan xafa
Be worried about smth -dan xavotirda
Be nervous about smth -dan asabiylashmoq/hayajonda
bo’moq Be pleased with -dan mamnun bo’lmoq
Be proud of -dan faxrlanmoq
Be furious with somebody for doing smth -dan … uchun jahli
chiqmoq Be nice/kind/good/generous/polite/cruel … to smb
Tom is kind to me. Tom menga
mehribon It is nice/kind/good/generous/polite/silly
… of smb It’s kind of you to help me.
Menga yordam berishingiz siz tomoningizdan juda mehribonlik
bo’ldi. Care about haqida qayg’urmoq
Care for -ga g’amxo’rlik qilmoq/ni yoqtirmoq
Carry on davom etmoq
Climb over … dan oshib o’tmoq (devor)
Collide with bilan to’qnashmoq
Complain of (kasallik) dan shikoyat
qilmoq Complain to smb about smth -ga … dan shikoyat
qilmoq
Concentrate on -ga diqqatini qaratmoq
Congratulate on bilan tabriklamoq
Consist of -dan iborat bo’lmoq
Contact with bilan bog’lanish,
aloqa Crash/drive/bump/run into -ga urilmoq
Cross out o’chirmoq (xatoni ustidan chizib)
Damage to -ga zarar
Decrease in -da tushish
Depend on -ga bog’liq bo’lmoq
Depend/dependent on -ga bog’liq bo’lmoq
Describe to -ga tasvirlab
bermoq
Die of -dan o’lmoq
Divide/cut/split into -ga bo’linmoq
Do smth about smth buyicha nimadir
qilmoq Dream about -ni tush ko’rmoq
Dream of -ni tasavvur qilmoq
Explain to -ga tushuntirmoq
Fall down/over/off -dan yiqilmoq
Fall in -da tushish
Fall out to’kilmoq (barg, soch)
Familiar to -ga tanish
Famous for -(s)i bilan mashhur
Feel sorry for smb -ga achinmoq
Fill in (a form) (formani) to’ldirmoq
Fill with bilan to’ldirmoq
For the time being ayni paytda
Forgive for uchun kechirmoq
Get in/out minmoq/tushmoq (yengil mashina, taksi)
Get on/off minmoq/tushmoq (avtobus, poyez, samalyot,
…) Get up uyqudan turmoq
Give up biror ish qilishni to’xtatib qo’ymoq
Glance at -ga nazar tashlamoq
Go away ketmoq
Go/come back qaytmoq
Go/walk in ichkariga kirmoq
Go/walk/drive on borishda/yurishda/ haydashda davom
etmoq Grow up o’smoq, katta bolmoq
Happen to bilan sodir bo’lmoq
Happy about smth -dan xursand
Hear about haqida eshitmoq (yangilik)
Hear from -dan biror xabar eshitmoq
Hear of haqida eshitmoq (tanimoq)
Hold on kutmoq
Hurry up shoshilmoq
Increase in -da ko’tarilish

215
Insist on -da turib olmoq
Invite/invitation to -ga taklif qilmoq/taklifnoma
Knock down qulatmoq
Knock out hushsiz qilmoq
Knock over turtib yiqitmoq, ag’darmoq
Laugh/smile at -ga kulmoq/tabassum qilmoq
Leave (a place) -dan ketmoq; -ni tark etmoq
Leave for (a place) -ga ketmoq
Lie down cho’zilib yotmoq
Listen to ni tinglamoq
Live on hisobiga yashamoq
Look after -ga qarab turmoq, g’amxo’rlik qilmoq
Look at -ga qaramoq
Look for -ni izlamoq
Look round o’girilib qaramoq; atrofga qaramoq
Look through ko’z yugurtirib chiqmoq
Look up izlamoq (lug’atdan so’z…)
Look/watch out ehtiyot bo’lmoq
Marry somebody bilan turmush qurmoq
On business ish buyicha
On foot piyoda
Pay smb for -ga … uchun to’lamoq
(pay smth) pulini to’lamoq
Phone smb -ga qo’ng’iroq qilmoq
Pick up termoq, yerdan olmoq
Prefer … to … -ni … dan afzal ko’rmoq
Protect from/against -dan himoya qilmoq
Provide/supply with bilan ta’minlamoq
Put in qo’ymoq, joylashtirmoq
Put on kiymoq
Put on weight semirmoq
Put out o’chirmoq (olov, sigaret)
Regard as deb hisoblamoq
Rely on -ga ishonmoq
Remind about (biror ish qilishni) eslatmoq
Remind of (o’tmishdagi narsani) eslatmoq
Ring up qo’ng’iroq qilmoq
Run away qochmoq
Run over turtib yubormoq (mashinada)
Run/drive off qochib/haydab ketmoq
Search for -ni izlamoq
Shoot/fire (a gun) at -ni otmoq
Shout at/to -ga baqirmoq (salbiy/ijobiy)
Show round atrofni ko’rsatmoq
Similar to -ga o’xshash
Slow down sekinlamoq
Speak down past gapirmoq
Speak up baland gapirmoq
Specialize in -ga ixtisoslashmoq
Spend on -ga sarflamoq
Stare at -ga tikilmoq
Succeed in -da muvaffaqiyatga erishmoq
Suffer from -dan azoblanmoq
Suspect of -da gumon qilmoq
Switch off (=turn off) o’chirmoq
Switch on (=turn on) yoqmoq
Take care of -ga g’amxo’rlik qilmoq
Take off yechmoq; yerdan ko’tarilmoq
Talk/speak to (smb) bilan gaplashmoq
Thank smb for smth -ga … uchun rahmat
aytmoq Think about/of haqida o’ylamoq
Think of eslamoq; tasavvur qilmoq
Throw at/to -ga otmoq (salbiy/ijobiy)
Throw away tashlab yubormoq
Translate from…into… -dan … ga tarjima
qilmoq Try on kiyib ko’rmoq
Turn down ovozini pasaytirmoq
Turn off o’chirmoq
Turn on yoqmoq
Turn over boshqa sahifani ochmoq
Turn round o’girilib qaramoq
Turn up ovozini baland qilmoq
Wait for -ni kutmoq
Wake up uyg’onmoq
Warn of/about haqida ogohlantirmoq
Wash up idishlarni yuvmoq
Write (a letter) to -ga (xat) yozmoq
 Agarda to’ldiruvchi ot bo’lsa u fe’l va predloglar o’rtasida
ham predlogdan keyin ham kela oladi:
Put on your coat Paltongni kiy.
Put your coat on Paltongni kiy.
Agar to’ldiruvchi olmosh bo’lsa, u faqat fe’l va predlog o’rtasida
keladi: Put it on. Uni kiy. (put on it EMAS)

217
 Test
A) on B) in C) at 1
11. There is a piano …
1. You’ll find the answer the middle of the room.
… page 120. 12. My room is … the
2. We live … a farm near first floor.
our village. 13. He was born … April 22.
14. There are a lot of stars …
3. There’s a spider … the wall. the sky.
4. When he came we 15. We should visit
were sitting … the table. our relatives … Eid
5. I met her … the party. Al-Fitr.
6. What can you see … 16. The rule is … the top
the picture? of the page.
7. The government want to 17. I wake up early …
ban smoking … public the morning.
places. 18. I’ll be … holiday
8. My mother always next week.
keeps her documents … 19. Sometimes I dream
the safe. of living … an island.
9. We live … the second floor. 20. I fell asleep … the end
10. They danced a lot … of the lesson.
the party.

Test 2

A) on B) in C) at 10. … weekends we are a little

free.
1. I usually sleep more
than usual … weekends.
2. … the moment we are
practicing prepositios of
time.
3. My close friend is going
to leave for Moscow .. an
hour.
4. The weather was rather
cold
… her Wedding Day.
5. I was born … February
26, 2002.
6. … sunrise birds start to
sing their pleasant songs.
7. My brother likes listening
to the radio … midnight.
8. Jane’s cousin arrived home
… a cold morning.
9. … Friday evening we have
a meeting with Mr Frank.
11. … Easter British people
visit their relatives.
12. We are going to the
cinema
… Saturday night.
13. They both finished the
work
… the same time.
14. There is a lot of
rain … August.
15. My baby sister
woke up crying …
midnight.
16. It’s not good to sleep
… the afternoon.
17. I’m having a rest …
the moment.
18. We don’t have
lessons … Monday.
19. I’m going to read a
book … the weekend.
20. I always plan my day …
the beginning of the day.

219
 Test 3

1. Our lessons begin … 12. The Earth goes … the Sun.

8.30 every day. A) under B) round
A) in B) at C) on D) to C) between D) behind
2. … the beginning I didn’t 13. We can’t live … water.
like her. A) along B) opposite
A) In B) At C) On D) To C) without D) from
3. I was born … April. 14. You should boil the eggs
A) at B) on C) in D) to … 5 minutes.
4. When I saw him, he was A) along B) through C) among
driving … the speed of 110 D) about
k/h. 15. Smoking in public places is
A) at B) on C) in D) to … the law.
5. I read this information … A) against B) without
a newspaper.
C) next to D) beside
A) at B) on C) in D) to
16. I arrived … home very
6. I try to read a lot of late yesterday.
books when I’m … holiday.
A) at B) in C) to D) –
A) at B) on C) in D) to
17. We arrived … Samarkand
7. I usually go to school … … the morning.
foot.
A) at/on B) in/in C) -/at
A) at B) on C) in D) to
D) to/in
8. I bought this car …
18. I don’t like when my
last month.
pupils talk … the lesson.
A) at B) on C) in D) –
A) while B) on
9. It’s 1100 kilometres C) over D) during
… Tashkent …
19. I don’t like pupils who talk
Kharezm.
… I am explaining something.
A) of/till B) in/to C) from/to
D) up/into A) while B) on
C) over D) during
10. We are neighbours. He
lives 20. They couldn’t sleep
… my house. … morning.
A) next to B) among A) till B) while C) on D) at
C) through D) past
11. When the door was
locked we went … the
Test 4
window.
A) over B) behind C)
between 3. I heard this news … a
friend of mine.
D) out of
A) by B) with C) from D) in

1. I’m afraid … dogs, but

my brother isn’t.
A) in B) for C) from D) of
2. He took the book … the 4. The pencil is … the
shelf. pencil- box.
A) from B) on C) in D) at
A) next to B) for C) over D) A) from B) about
of C) out of D) past
5. I was walking … the 14. They are going … holiday
road when I met her. … next Sunday.
A) above B) along C) in D) A) to/on B) to/-
over C) on/- D) for/in
6. I live … the bank and 15. I would like to tell you …
the school. my summer holiday.
A) of B) among A) for B) at
C) besides D) between C) from D) about
7. There is a new shop … 16. We are … smoking
our house. and narcotics.
A) besides B) behind A) through B) against
C) on D) at C) except D) above
8. He listened … me … 17. The airplane flew …
interest. the clouds.
A) -/from B) to/with A) through B) besides
C) at/without D) -/out of C) opposite D) in front of
9. Every child should be … 18. He sat … me.
the control of their parents. A) behind B) in
A) under B) on C) with D) by C) over D) between
10. She learnt dancing … 19. Do you know the answer
the age … 5. … question 18?
A) at/of B) in/with C) at/- A) to B) off C) on D) in
11. I can’t do it … your help. 20. What are the similarities
A) within B) without … you and your sister?
C) under D) from A) in B) beside
12. All are present,… Zamira. C) among D) between
A) with B) besides
C) without D) except
13. What do you know … Test 5
Imam Bukhari?
5. I like going … home … foot.
A) to/by B) -/on
C) to/on D) to/ with
1.”Khamsa” was written 6. There is only one boy …
… A.Navoi. many girls in the group.
A) with B) from C) by D) for A) between B among
2. I sometimes go to school C) above D) through
… bus. 7. The sun is shining …
A) by B) on C) with D) in the clouds.
3. He is sitting behind me, A) between B) opposite
so I’m sitting … of him. C) along D) among
A) in front B) opposite 8. Always look both ways …
C) behind D) above you are crossing the road.
4. They were sitting … the
tree.
A) under B) over
C) between D) among
A) during B) after 14. I like walking … the
C) before D) by beach dreaming about my
9. … last summer we went future.
… Fergana. A) along B) over
A) In/to B) -/in C) in D) under
C) -/to D) In/in 15. Newspapers in Britain are
10. Can’t you wait … us? different … the ones in the
A) in B) at USA.
C) for D) to A) for B) from C) of D) on
11. My little son can 16. I’m sorry … being late.
count English numbers A) for B) to
… 20. C) from D) of
A) for B) to C) till D) in 17. Ann married … a
12. The helicopter flew … famous football player.
the Golden Gate Bridge. A) to B) with C) – D) for
A) on B) over 18. Let me phone … my parents.
C) along D) among A) to B) with C) – D) for
13. To get to the bank 19. You should decide the
you should pass … this night before what to wear …
park. your wedding day.
A) away B) through A) on B) in C) to D) oat
C) from D) between 20. Sofia is excellent … biology.
A) on B) in C) at D) of

Predlogli iboralar
Test 1
1. The police asked her A) for B) in C) with D) at
the reason … her visit. 8. … my humble opinion,
A) from B) to C) for D) in he’s making a big mistake.
2. I sent her an invitation … A) On B) At C) With D) In
my birthday party. 9. People are often suspicious
A) to B) from C) at D) in … strangers.
3. Solar energy offers a low- A) of B) in C) for D) from
cost solution … out fuel 10. Sara has been married
problems. … Tom for 8 years.
A) in B) of C) to D) with A) with B) to C) in D) –
4. There is a close relationship 11. I feel sorry … the people
… poverty and crime. who don’t have a dream.
A) with B) in C) for D) A) to B) with C) for D) –
between 12. The farmer was held
5. He’s been … the telephone responsible … the damage
for the past two hours. done by his animals.
A) in B) on C) at D) to A) for B) in C) at D) with
6. The building was still … 13. Their situation is
fire three hours later. very similar … ours.
A) on B) in C) at D) with A) to B) in C) with D) for
7. Why do we fall in love …
one person rather than
another?
221
14. Are you fond … children? A) of B) for C) from D) at
A) in B) with C) for D) of 18. Your future depends …
15. I was short … breath how well you do in these
after climbing the stairs to exams.
her flat. A) in B) of C) for D) on
A) in B) of C) for D) with 19. Who will take care …
16. Stop talking and the children?
concentrate A) in B) of C) with D) on
… your study. 20. The car belongs …
A) at B) on C) for D) with the woman next door.
17. Breakfast consisted … A) for B) at C) on D) to
dry bread and a cup of tea.

Test 2
1. This is the best thing 11. You shouldn’t blame all
that’s ever happened … me.
your problems … others.
A) to B) in C) at D) of A) for B) in C) on D) of
2. The police would like to 12. I congratulate you …
hear
your recent promotion.
… anyone who witnessed the
A) on B) with C) for D) of
accident.
13. I’m going to leave …
A) about B) of C) from D) –
Tashkent … business. I’ll
3. - The author’s name come back in a week.
was James Bomford.
A) for/in B) -/for C) for/on
- Who is he? I’ve never heard
D) -/to
… him.
A) about B) of C) from D) – 14. The archers drew back
their arrows and aimed … the
4. The other kids laughed …
target.
his haircut.
A) on B) at C) in D) for
A) at B) in C) on D) of
15. I have always regarded you
5. Sometimes you just have
… my friend.
to rely … your own
knowledge. A) as B) at C) on D) for
A) in B) for C) with D) on 16. How much did you spend …
6. They have to live … a A) in B) for C) from D) of
pension of $350 a month.
A) on B) in C) for D) at
7. Donna shouted … the
men furiously.
A) to B) at C) on D) with
8. Sometimes I can’t think
… some of my pupils’
names.
A) about B) of C) with D) at
9. She suffered … depression
for most of her adult life.
A) from B) with C) of D) at
10. Never dare to accuse me
… lying.
him for his birthday?
A) for B) in C) at D) on
17. Gary threw a bit of
meat … the dog to quiet it.
A) at B) with C) to D) into
18. I never get letters.
Nobody writes a letter …
me.
A) at B) with C) to D) –
19. The wall wasn’t high,
so we climbed …
A) through B) across C) along
D) over
20. Do you like girls …
long hair?
A) at B) through C) by D) with
 Test 3
1. Mothers usually worry 11. The train was late but
… their children. nobody knew the reason …
the
A) with B) of C) about D) for delay.
2. There is a very bad A) of B) to C) in D) for
connection … two 12. Nobody knows what
countries. the cause … the explosion
A) among B) between was.
C) with D) by A) of B) in C) with D) about
3. There is a great demand 13. Did you get an invitation
… food in African … the party?
countries. A) on B) at C) in D) to
A) for B) in C) with D) at 14. Do you have a good
4. There has never been a relationship … your
decrease … the price of parents?
meat. A) between B) with
A) on B) at C) to D) in C) in D) at
5. My attitude … smoking 15. I was delighted …
isn’t good. the present you gave
A) in B) to C) for D) with me.
6. Are you satisfied … A) with B) for C) in D) on
your results? 16. I don’t enjoy my job
A) with B) in C) of D) on any more. I’m fed … it.
7. That was my answer … A) on at B) at up
her question. C) with at D) up with
A) to B) on C) in D) – 17. I’m sorry … shouting at
8. They couldn’t find you yesterday.
the solution … the A) about B) at C) with D) for
problem. 18. Everybody was surprised
A) at B) in C) with D) to … the news.
9. The accident was my fault, A) at B) about C) with D) in
so I had to pay for the damage 19. It’s stupid to get angry
… the other car. … things that don’t matter.
A) for B) in C) to D) at A) with B) about C) at D) for
10. Last year was a bad year 20. I’m impressed …
for the company. There was a her English. It’s very
big fall … sales. good.
A) at B) in C) on D) with A) by B) in C) about D) on

an American.
1. Are you afraid … dogs?
A) from B) at C) by D) of
2. I’m not very good …
repairing things.
A) in B) at C) on D) of
3. Linda is married …
Test 4
A) with B) at C) to D) –
4. I’m a bit short …
money. Can you tell me
some?
A) of B) in C) for D) at
5. Your writing is
similar … mine.
A) to B) with C) at D) of
6. Who was responsible … A) in B) at C) to D) with
all that noise last night? 14. Can I speak … Jane, please?
A) in B) to C) at D) for
A) to B) at C) with D) over
7. Are you interested … art?
15. Did you phone …
A) at B) of C) with D) in your father yesterday?
8. Did you know he A) to B) at D) for D) –
was married? 16. He asked … me … money.
No, I wasn’t aware … that.
A) from/to B) for/from
A) on B) of C) for D) at
C) -/- D) -/for
9. The city centre was
17. He apologized … me.
crowded
… tourists.
A) in B) at C) with D) to
A) of B) in C) with D) over 18. She got very angry
and started shouting …
10. I’m sure you are capable me.
… passing the examination.
A) at B) to C) with D) on
A) for B) in C) of D) at
19. Why are you always
11. The Italian city of Florence so jealous … other
is famous … its art treasures. people?
A) for B) of C) at D) in A) at B) with C) of D) for
12. Why are you staring … 20. He didn’t trust me. He
me? was suspicious … my
A) to B) with C) at D) in intentions.
13. Don’t point that knife … A) of B) in C) for D) at
me. It’s dangerous.

Test 5
1. Have a nice holiday. A) about B) at C) for D) of
Take care … yourself!
8. We complained … the
A) for B) after C) of D) at
manager of the restaurant …
2. I think this job would suit the food.
you. Why don’t you apply … A) from/to B) about/from
it?
C) to/about D) of/to
A) for B) to C) at D) on
9. I’m glad you reminded me
3. Don’t wait … me. I’ll join … the meeting. I had
you later. completely forgotten it.
A) to B) for C) at D) – A) about B) at C) on D) to
4. You can borrow this book 10. Sue accused me …
if you promise to look … it. being selfish.
A) with B) on C) up D) after A) of B) for C) about D) on
5. I dreamt … you last 11. Three students were
night when I was asleep. suspected … cheating in
A) over B) up C) at D) about the examination.
6. – Who is Tom Madely?
- I’ve no idea. I’ve never heard A) about B) for C) of D) at
… him. 12. His parents don’t approve
A) from B) to C) at D) of … what he does, but they
7. I’ve searched … my keys but can’t stop him.
I still can’t find them. A) for B) on C) about D) of
13. – What did he die …? A) for B) on C) at D) from
- A heart attack. 18. – What time will you arrive?
A) for B) to C) at D) of - I don’t know. It depends … the
14. We had an enormous traffic.
meal. It consists … seven A) on B) for C) about D) at
courses. 19. The number of people
A) on B) in C) of D) at suffering … heart disease
15. I’ll never forgive them has increased.
… what they did. A) against B) on C) at D) from
A) for B) of C) on D) at 20. I congratulated her …
16. When I realized I was her success in the exam.
wrong, I apologized … my A) with B) of C) on D) for
mistake.
A) for B) of C) at D) to
17. Everybody blamed
the accident … me.

CONJUNCTIONS
Bog’lovchilar
 Gaplarni va gap bo’laklarini bir-biri bilan bog’lash
uchun ishlatiladigan so’zlar bog’lovchilar deyiladi.

And va; esa; ham; (keyin) (so’z bilan ham

gap bilan ham kela oladi)
I came home and suddenly saw her.
Men uyga keldim va tasodifan uni
ko’rdim. You will go with me and Jim will
stay here.
Sen men bilan borasan, Jim esa shu yerda
qoladi. It was raining hard. And there was a
strong wind.
Qattiq yomg’ir yog’ayotgan edi. Kuchli shamol ham bor edi.

As
1) kabi, -day (gap bilan keladi)
You should do exactly as I showed you yesterday.
Xuddi kecha ko’rsatganimdek bajarishingiz kerak.
2) bo’lib, sifatida (so’z bilan
keladi) She works as a doctor.
U shifokor bo’lib ishlaydi.
3) sababli = because (gap bilan keladi)
As it was getting late, I decided to stop at a hotel.
Kech bo’layotganligi sababli, men mehmonxonada to’xtashga qaror
qildim.
4) paytida, mobaynida = while (gap bilan keladi)

225
As I was going to school, I met her.
Maktabga ketayotganimda, uni
uchratdim. Lekin: I went there once as
a child.
Men u yerga bolaligimda bir marta borganman.

As ... as – kabi, day (taqqoslash uchun ishlatiladi. So’z bilan ham gap
bilan ham kela oladi)
She’ll soon be as tall as her
mother. U tez orada onasi kabi
uzun bo’ladi. I can’t run as fast as
you.
Men sizday tez yugura olmayman.
It’s not as good as it used to
be.
Bu avvalgiday yaxshi emas.

But ammo, lekin, biroq; (gap bilan keladi)

-dan tashqari, -dan boshqa (so’z bilan keladi)
He was very rich but not happy at all.
U juda boy edi lekin hecham baxtli emas
edi. It was raining but we played football
outside.
Yomg’ir yog’ayotgan edi lekin biz tashqarida futbol o’ynadik.

There is a cure for any illness but stupidity.

Axmoqlikdan tashqari har qanday kasallikning davosi bor.

Or yoki (so’z bilan ham gap bilan ham kela

oladi) Would you like coffee or tea?
Kofe xohlaysizmi yoki choy?

So shuning uchun, shu sababli (gap bilan

keladi) I was tired so I went to bed early.
Charchagan edim shu sababli barvaqt
uxladim. Taqqoslang:
I went to bed early because I was tired.

That’s why shuning uchun, shu sababli (gap bilan

keladi) I was tired and that’s why I went to bed early.
Charchagand edim shu sababli barvaqt uxladim.

Because chunki (gap bilan

keladi) I went to bed early because I was tired.
Barvaqt uxladim chunki charchagan edim.

Because of sababli (so’z bilan keladi)

We couldn’t go shopping because of the heavy rain
yesterday. Kechagi sharros qo’ygan yomg’ir sababli xaridga
chiqolmadik.
 Owing to (=because of) sababli (so’z bilan
keladi) We couldn’t go shopping owing to the heavy rain
yesterday.

Due to (=because of) sababli (so’z bilan

keladi) We couldn’t go shopping owing to the heavy rain
yesterday.

Otherwise aks holda (gap bilan keladi)

Come to the lesson on time otherwise you will be
punished. Darsga vaqtida kel aks holda jazolanasan.
However shunga qaramasdan; ammo, lekin
The weather is awful. However, I’m in a good mood.
Havo juda yomon. Shunga qaramasdan, kayfiyatim yaxshi.
Taqqoslang:
The weather is awful but I’m in a good mood.
Though the weather is awful, I’m in a good
mood.

After - dan keyin (so’z ham gap ham kela

oladi) After the lesson, they went to the library.
Darsdan keyin, ular kutubxonaga borishdi.
I’m going to fly to Egypt after I’ve finished writing this
book. Bu kitobni yozib bo’lganimdan keyin Misrga
uchmoqchiman.

Before -dan oldin; ilgari (so’z ham gap ham kela oladi)
We must finish this work before they come.
Biz bu ishni ular kelishdan oldin tugatishimiz
kerak. You must do your homework before the
lesson.
Uyga vazifangizni darsdan oldin tugatishingiz
kerak. I have never read such an interesting
book before.
Men olding bunday qiziqarli kitobni o’qimagan edim.

If agar; -mi yoki yo’qligini (gap bilan keladi)

If you listen more and speak less, it will be much more
useful. Agar sen ko’proq eshitib, kamroq gapirsang,
foydaliroq bo’ladi. I don’t know if she will come tomorrow.
U ertaga kelish yoki kelmasligini bilmayman.

Unless agar … masa (gap bilan keladi. Unless dan keyin inkor so’zlar
kelmaydi)
We’ll go for a walk unless it rains. (= if it doesn’t
rain) Agar yomg’ir yog’masa, biz piyoda sayrga
chiqamiz.
Unless you get good education, you can’t be an educated
227
person. Agar yaxshi ta’lim olmasangiz, tarbiyali inson
bo’lolmaysiz.
 So that/in order that uchun, maqsadida (gap bilan keladi)
I want to go to “Best Way” tutoring centre so that I can learn
English. Men ingliz tilini o’rganish uchun “Best Way” repetitorlik
markaziga boryapman.
I’ve made some sandwiches so that we can have a snack on the
way. Men yo’lda tamaddi qilib olishimiz uchun bir nechta
sandvich tayyorladim.
In order to uchun, maqsadida (fe’l bilan keladi)
I want to go to “Best Way” tutoring centre in order to learn
English. I’ve mad some sandwiches in order to have a snack
on the way.

Till / Until – gacha (so’z bilan ham gap bilan ham kela
oladi) I’ll be back until it gets dark.
Qorong’u tushguncha qaytaman.
Be at home until your mother comes from work!
Oying ishdan qaytguncha uyda bo’l!
I’ll be back till Monday.
Dushanbagacha qaytaman.

While -da, paytida, mobaynida; esa

(gap yoki gerund bilan keladi)
While you are crossing the road, you should be very attentive.
Yo’lni kesib o’tayotganganingizda, juda e’tiborli bo’lishingiz
kerak. While crossing the road, you should be very attentive.
Yo’lni kesib o’tayotganda, juda e’tiborli bo’lishingiz
kerak. Ask any questions while I’m here.
Shu yerdaligimda xohlagan savolingizni so’rang.
Money decreases as you give it while knowledge
increases Pul bergan sayin kamayadi, bilim esa
ko’payadi.

During mobaynida, paytida

(during dan keyin ot keladi, gap kelmaydi)

Although/though - ga qaramasdan (gap bilan keladi)

Although/Though he is young, he knows a lot.
Yosh bo’lishiga qaramasdan, u ko’p narsani biladi.
He failed the exam although/though he studied very
hard. Qattiq o’qigan bo’lishiga qaramasdan, u imtihondan
yiqildi.

In spite of/despite - ga qaramasdan (so’z bilan keladi)

In spite of/despite cold weather, she isn’t wearing warm
clothes. Havo sovuq bo’lishiga qaramasdan, u issiq kiyim
kiymagan.
In spite of/despite being young, he knows a lot.
Yosh bo’lishga qaramasdan, u ko’p narsani
biladi.
229
 In case - deb (gap bilan keladi)
I’ll wear my raincoat in case it rains.
Yomg’ir yog’ib qolar deb plashimni kiyaman.
Mother gave him some food in case she felt hungry during the
lessons. Darslar davomida och qolar deb onasi unga biroz ovqat berdi.

In case of – agar … -sa (ot bilan keladi)

In case of fire, call the fire-brigade.
Agar yong’in chiqsa, o’t o’chiruvchilarga qo’ng’iroq qiling.

Test 1
1. I’m wearing my warm C) Either/and D) So/and
clothes 9. He wanted to earn much
… it gets cold. more money, … he started
A) so B) till his own business.
C) unless D) in case A) if B) unless
2. … cold weather, we C) so D) but
couldn’t have a party 10. … you advertise
outdoors. your product, you can’t
A) Despite B) In spite of sell it.
C) Because D) Because of A) In case B) Because
3. She left her schoolbag at C) Despite D) Unless
home, … she couldn’t take 11. … we looked everywhere,
any notes during the lesson. we couldn’t find the key.
A) so B) because A) However B) Till
C) in case D) but C) In case D) Although
4. Tom locked the door inside, 12. He doesn’t like … chocolate
… he wanted to have some … ice-cream.
relax. A) both/or B) neither/or
A) so B) that’s why C) neither/nor D) either/or
C) because D) or 13. … you want to be a
5. … headache and tour guide, you have to
blocked nose, she didn’t get a certificate.
miss any lessons. A) Unless B) If
A) Although B) Though C) although D) Because of
C) In spite of D) However 14. Jane is rich … he never
6. The dentist thinks that feels happy.
infection goes away … A) in spite of B) but
medicine. C) in case D) that’s why
A) unless B) till 15. You can study hard, ….
C) because of D) because you will fail your examination.
7. … you hurry, you’ll be late A) or B) unless
for school. C) because of D) and
A) If B) In case 16. I can’t speak English very
C) Despite D) Unless well … I’ve been learning it
8. … Martin …. his dad for a long time.
wanted to come.
A) Neither/nor B) Both/or
229
A) in spite of B) although 19. … the strong wind,
C) in case D) because most trees fell down.
17. I must be at home … A) Despite B) Owing to
my father comes. C) However D) That’s why
A) before B) or 20. I was late for the meeting.
C) but D) although …, I was allowed to enter the
18. I’m baking a cake… a meeting hall.
friend of mine comes to see A) In spite of B) So
me. C) However D)
A) because of B) if Or Test 2
C) in case D) unless 9. A lot of problems are
… boredom.
A) in case B) due to
1. My granny can’t see well, D) despite of D) because
… she wears glasses. 10. Is your sister older
A) that’s why B) but … younger than you?
C) although D) however A) or B) and C) but D) nor
2. I’m sorry, … I can’t stay any 11. You’d better take keys …
longer. I’m out when you come.
A) because of B) unless A) unless B) in case
C) but D) in case C) or D) that’s why
3. Can’t you wait … we 12. We stopped … bought
get home. some food.
A) unless B) until A) but B) so C) and D) because
C) and D) or 13. … his age, he still can
4. … the sun was shining play football.
it wasn’t very warm. A) Though B) In spite of
A) Although B) While C) However D) Because
C) In case D) Because 14. He can’t read … write.
5. I had no choice … to A) or B) but C) so D) nor
accept his invitation.
15. They went swimming …
A) but B) so C) if D) and
bad weather.
6. Shut the window,… it’ll A) in spite of B) because of
get too cold in here.
C) in case D) till
A) however B) in case
C) while D) otherwise
16. There are people
without homes, jobs …
7. … everyone played well, family.
we still lost the game.
A) or B) but C) so D) unless
A) Despite B) In spite of
17. Tomorrow is his exam …
C) However D) Although
he is studying very hard.
8. If you enter university,
A) but B) because C) so D) or
your parents and your
teachers will be very happy 18. You must do your homework
… you. … you will be deleted from the
A) that’s why B) however group.
C) though D) because of
A) however B) because of 20. My father gives me some
C) despite D) otherwise pocket money every morning
19. We will play … I get hungry at school.
football tomorrow … it A) although B) till C) in case
rains. D) so
A) unless B) in spite of
C) that’s why D) because of
Test 3

10. We will believe your friend

1. She is ill now … I hope … he lies.
she’ll get better soon. A) unless B) despite
A) but B) otherwise C) C) because D) or
after
11. … it was raining, I
D) during was listening to music.
2. … I was waiting at the A) If B) Unless C) While D) Till
bus- stop, two buses went by 12. Tom couldn’t do it …
in the opposite direction. he tried so hard.
A) Although B) While
C) After D) However
3. He opened the door … A) although B) because
entered the room. C) in spite of D) otherwise
A) and B) but 13. I’m going to wear
C) that’s why D) unless my raincoat … it rains.
4. It was hot … Tom A) Although B) In spite of
was wearing his coat. C) In case D) Despite of
A) or B) and C) so D) but 14. … you believe your
5. Which one do you like dreams, they will come true.
more: spring … autumn? A) Though B) If
A) and B) so C) or D) because C) Because of D) Unless
6. I had very little time and … 15. I worked a lot today. …, I
I had to eat some fast food. am not tired.
A) so B) that’s why A) However B) Because
C) because of D) after C) So D) That’s why
7. We mustn’t go out … 16. Go faster, … you will be late.
the quarantine. A) otherwise B) but C) if D) so
A) because B) because of 17. It rained all day
C) though D) but yesterday and … we had to
8. Do all your homework stay at home.
… going to sleep. A) that’s why B) though
A) before B) after C) but D) while
C) if D) though 18. … you see Nick, give
9. … you read a lot of him this note.
books, it will be useful for A) Unless B) If
you. C) Before D) In case
A) If B) So 19. … I had done my
C) Unless D) Though homework, I played football.

231
A) While B) After
C) Despite D) Although A) In case of B) If
20. You can use office C) Although D) Because
telephone
… fire.

Test 4
1. … you want to learn
C) in spite of D) if
English, you should go to
“Best Way” centre. 11. He didn’t have enough
A) Although B) But money … he couldn’t buy a
new car.
C) If D) Because of
A) because B) so
2. I said that I believed her … I
C) but D) though
knew that she was lying to
me. 12. Our house is cheap …
A) though B) because theirs is expensive.
C) despite D) so A) despite B) so
3. They knocked down all the C) because D) while
houses … they built a car 13. Don’t come to the course
park. … you want to study.
A) and B) in case of A) unless B) but
C) or D) despite C) because D) in spite of
4. Are there four … five 14. Give him some money …
people living in that house? he wants to buy something.
A) and B) but A) despite B) because of
C) or D) despite C) but D) in case
5. My shoes look great … 15. You have to wear a tie …
they are not very
comfortable.
A) and B) but C) or D) sleep.
despite A) After B) In case of
6. You can drink chocolate
milk … hot in the winter or
cold in the summer.
A) either B) neither
C) both D) none
7. … Lisa nor Helena had
been to Italy before.
A) either B) neither
C) both D) none
8. … you and I know what
really happened.
A) Either B) Neither
C) Both D) None
9. … my alarm didn’t go off,
I was late for work.
A) Because B) Despite
C) Unless D) Both
10. … we had talked on 233
the phone, I went to
you can’t enter the building.
A) otherwise B) however
C) unless D) in case
16. I don’t think I’ll need any
money but I’ll bring some
just …
A) in case B) although
C) because D) while
17. This is one possible
solution to the problem. …,
there are others.
A) But B) Although
C) However D) Unless
18. The concert has
been cancelled … lack
of interest.
A) that’s why B) but
C) owing to D) however
19. … his injury,
Ricardo will play in
Saturdays’ match.
A) So B) That’s why
C) But D) In spite of
20. She walked home by A) despite B) or
herself, C) although D) otherwise
… she knew that it was
dangerous.

Test 5
1. … I make a decision, I A) Although B) So
think carefully about it. C) Despite D) Because
A) Before B) After 12. He decided to go, … I
C) Unless D) In case of begged him not to.
2. … anyone calls, tell them A) because B) in spite of
I’m not at home. C) otherwise D) although
A) If B) In case 13. We can’t go to Julia’s party
C) Unless D) Although
… we don’t have time.
3. I like city life … there is it wasn’t very warm.
much noise in most cities.
A) so B) in case C) if D)
though
4. Don’t miss any lessons,
… you’ll fail the exams.
A) because of B) otherwise
C) that’s why D) however
5. Go … get me a pen please.
A) but B) and C) if D) after
6. It’s not necessary to enter
university … it’s very
important to study.
A) despite B) in case of
B) but D) otherwise
7. It can be black, white ….
grey.
A) or B) but C) nor D) so
8. He walked slowly …
his injured leg.
A) in spit B) that’s why
C) because of D) in case
9. … I’m mistaken, she
was back at work
yesterday.
A) If B) Unless
C) In case D) Although
10. … you regulary practise
English, you’ll learn it in a
short time.
A) Although B) In case
C) Unless D) If
11. … the sun was shining
233
A) in case B) otherwise
C) because D) due to
14. … the rain, I took
my umbrella.
A) In case B) Because of
C) Despite of D) In spite
15. The lessons were cancelled
… the quarantine.
A) or B) owing to
C) but D) because
16. They work … the night
and sleep by day.
A) during B) while
C) despite of D) after
17. He came home early …
see the children before
they went to bed.
A) in order to B) so that
C) and D) because
18. She’ll soon be as tall …
her mother.
A) or B) as
C) so C) nor
19. … it was getting
late, I decided to go
home.
A) So B) Because
C) Despite D) As
20. Everyone is here …
Anna. Where is she?
A) but B) despite
C) because D) or
 Takrorlash uchun testlar

Test 1
1. I have many … 14. Tom is my friend. … is
A) book B) pen very clever.
C) water D) sheep A) She B) He C) It D) We
2. There are … on the table. 15. Is this car …?
A) a pencil B) news A) you B) your
C) two books D) a pupils C) yours D) yourself
3. My aunt has two … 16. This is my … house.
A) baby B) babys A) a B) the C) an D) –
C) baby’s D) babies 17. This is … school. …
4. My house is … than yours. school is very big.
A) big B) bigger A) a/A B) the/The
C) biggest D) the biggest C) -/A D) a/The
5. This is a … flower. 18. You are very … kind.
A) beautiful B) more beautiful A) a B) an C) the D) –
C) the more beautiful 19. I … this book yesterday.
D) the most beautiful A) buy B) am buying
6. This is … course in our C) buyed D) bought
city. 20. … you come to the
A) good B) better party tomorrow?
C) the better D) the best A) Will B) Did C) Have D) Are
7. I know English very … 21. We … already … this film.
A) good B) well A) have/watched B) do/watch
C) better D) best C) is/watching D) did/watched
8. I study at … form of 22. John knows English. He
the school. … speak English very well.
A) nine B) nineth A) can B) might
C) ninth D) nineths C) could D) ought
9. This is ... 23. … I come in, please?
A) first room B) one room A) May B) Must
C) room one D) room first C) Need D) Might
10. 1/3 - … 24. We are friends, …?
A) one and three B) one three A) do we B) don’t we
C) one third D) one thirds C) are we D) aren’t we
11. 105 - … 25. If you … English, you …
A) a hundred and five to London.
B) hundred and five A) learn/will go B) will learn/go
C) thousand and five C) will learn/will go
D) one hundred and fifty D) learns/go
12. She has … friends. 26. He said: “I am
A) much B) one ready”. He said that …
C) a little D) many A) I am ready B) I was ready
13. Do you have … books? C) he is ready D) he was ready
A) some B) any C) much D)
a 235
27. I want … English. A) because B) so
A) learn B) to learn C) but D) or
C) learning D) to learning 30. This book … by me.
28. I’m angry … you. A) write B) writes
A) from B) on C) at D) with C) is writing D) was written
29. I was ill … I couldn’t go
to school.
Test 2
1. He … always … on time. A) sleeps B) will sleep
A) have/come B) -/came C) was sleeping D) has slept
C) is/coming D) comes 11. I … him since my childhood.
2. If it … raining, I’ll get back A) am knowing B) know
to the house. C) have been knowing D)
A) start B) started have known
C) will start D) starts 12. After you have done your
3. I don’t know … he’ll come. work, we … discuss the
A) when B) what matter.
C) who D) which A) can B) need
4. – What … you …? C) could D) has to
- I’m a doctor. 13. Though I was tired, I …
A) are/dong B) have/done to finish my work.
C) do/do D) did/do A) could B) must C) was able
5. … are you thinking about? D) might
A) Where B) What 14. I … the book by Sunday.
C) Why D) How A) read B) had read
C) was reading D) have read
6. Do you homework before … 15. When I saw her I
to bed. remembered that I … her
A) go B) to go before.
C) going D) went A) saw B) had seen
7. He said: “I’ll help C) was seeing D) have seen
you”. He said … 16. We have to go now, …?
A) he’ll helm me A) don’t we B) do we
B) he would help me C) have we D) haven’t we
C) I will help you 17. We have watched this film,
D) I would help you …?
8. I … short stories when I was a A) don’t we B) do we
schoolboy. C) have we D) haven’t we
A) was writing B) used to 18. We have never watched
write this film, …?
C) had written D) have written A) don’t we B) do we
9. David and his brother … C) have we D) haven’t we
for dinner tonight. 19. We never watch this film,
A) are coming B) has come …?
C) came D) comes A) don’t we B) do we
10. When I entered her C) have we D) haven’t we
room, she …
235
20. - I will watch this A) lately B) more lately
film tomorrow. C) the later D) late
- …?
31. Let me try … you.
A) will you B) won’t you Who knows maybe I can.
C) will I D) won’t I A) help B) to help
21. - They want to learn C) helping D) to helping
English.
32. We used to work …
- …?
A) a lot of B) many C) a few
A) don’t they B) do they
D) a lot
C) don’t you D) do you
33. The weather is …
22. I’ll wait for you … I die.
than yesterday.
A) by B) until
A) warm B) warmer
C) since D) after
C) warmest D) the warmest
23. We’ll have to wait … two
34. … you drink, … you’ll sweat.
months for the exam to
begin. A) The more/the more
A) other B) another B) More/more
C) the other D) others C) The most/the most
24. We sometimes think that D) Many/Much
life is better in … counties. 35. It seems … to learn a
A) other B) another new language.
C) the other D) others A) hardly B) easy
25. An old woman had two C) badly D) quickly
geese. One of them was 36. It sounds … to me.
white while … was blue. A) good B) well
A) other B) another C) nicely D) badly
C) the other D) others 37. The work … by a group
26. You can’t look … the of people.
words you don’t know from A) is doing B) did
your dictionary during the C) have done D) was done
state exams. 38. The climate is believed …
A) in B) after C) at D) up at the moment.
27. Some of you are looking A) changing B) be changing
… to summer holidays. C) to be changing
A) up B) after D) is changing
C) at D) forward 39. The USSR was attacked
28. I’m very glad because … June 22nd, 1941.
my father finally gave …
A) in B) on C) at D) to
smoking.
A) up B) after 40. … film we watched …
last week was … boring.
C) at D) forward
A) The/the/a B) A/-/the
29. He left … the city he
was born and didn’t came C) The/-/- D) A/the/-
back.
A) to B) in C) on D) –
30. The teacher won’t let you
in if you come …
 Test 3
1. I have two … 14. She speaks English very …
A) sugar B) book A) well B) good C) slow D) bad
C) news D) apples 15. I was born in 1980.
2. There … money in the A) ninety eighty
safe.
B) nineteen eighty
A) are many B) are some
C) ninety eighteen
C) is much D) is many
D) nineteen eighteen
3. There are three … on
the table. 16. There are … pupils in
A) knife B) knifes our school.
C) knives D) knivs A) hundreds B) hundreds of
C) a hundreds D) a hundreds of
4. Some people have 32 …
17. 3/7 - …
A) tooth B) teeth
C) toothes D) teeths A) three sevenths
5. I bought … jeans B) three sevens
yesterday. C) three seventh
A) a B) two D) third and seven
C) a pair D) a pair of 18. My room is very small but I
6. I gave him a … of bread.
A) loaf B) bowl C) lump D) 13. Can you speak … please?
bar A) slow B) quiet
7. Have you seen the … book? C) fastly D) slowly
A) teacher B) teachers
C) teacher’s D) teachers’s
8. Today it’s … than
yesterday.
A) warm B) warmer
C) more warmer D) the
warmest
9. This is … building in
the world.
A) tall B) taller
C) tallest D) the tallest
10. Your car is not as …
as mine.
A) clean B) cleaner
C) more clean D) the cleanest
11. … it is, … I want to go to
the sea.
A) The warmer/the more
B) Warmer/more
C) Warmest/most
D) The warmest/most
12. Your dress is … beautiful!
A) so B) such
C) so a D) such a
237
like …
A) him B) it C) them D) you
19. … a lot of trees in
our school-garden.
A) It is B) This is
C) There is D) There are
20. Do you like … school?
A) you B) yours
C) your D) yourself
21. I don’t have … friends.
A) some B) much C) no D)
any
22. This is the book …
you didn’t like.
A) which B) what
C) who D) whom
23. This is … apple.
A) a B) an C) the D) –
24. Today the weather is …
very cold.
A) a B) an C) the D) –
25. Yesterday we saw …
house where you live.
A) a B) an C) the D) –
26. … world is … very big.
A) The/- B) A/-
C) A/a D) The/the
27. I wake up early in C) do you D) don’t you
… morning. 36. I want to learn English.
A) a B) an C) the D) – A) So do I B) So am I
28. I don’t know English so I … C) Neither do I D) Neither am I
speak it. 37. If you … to learn English, I
A) can’t B) mustn’t … you.
C) couldn’t D) needn’t
A) wanted/will teach
29. You … come to the lesson
B) want/would teach you
on time.
C) will want/teach
A) must B) might
C) ought D) should to D) want/will teach
38. We enjoy … books.
30. We usually … in
the evening. A) read B) to read
A) run B) runs C) are running C) reading D) to reading
D) ran 39. She wants … a student.
31. She … to the lesson A) being B) to be
last Monday. C) be D) to being
A) doesn’t come B) didn’t come 40. I met him … the party.
C) hasn’t come D) won’t come A) in B) on C) at D) of
32. They … on the bench at 41. I like working … the garden.
the moment. A) in B) at C) on D) to
A) sit B) has sat 42. Don’t be angry … me.
C) was sitting D) are sitting A) at B) with C) from D) of
33. We … already … our work. 43. The sun was shining …
A) -/do B) have/done the weather was very cold.
C) will/do D) is/doing A) so B) because
34. He asked me: “Are C) but D) that’s why
you tired?” 44. Adam knows three
He asked me … languages … he is very
A) were you tired B) If was I young.
tired A) although B) despite
C) I am tired D) if I was tired C) so D) because
35. This test is very easy, …? 45. … be late for the lessons!
A) is it B) isn’t it A) Not B) Don’t
C) To not D) Not to

239
 Qo’shimcha ma’lumotlar

Maxsus so’roq gaplar

 Maxsus so’roq gaplar oddiy so’roq gaplardan farqli ravishda

What, When, Who kabi maxsus so’roq olmoshlaridan
foydalanib yasaladi.
Maxsus so’roq gaplar gapning biror qismiga savol berilganda
o’sha qism tushib qoladi, yordamchi fe’l egadan oldinga chiqadi va
tushib qolgan qismning o’rniga mos ravishda so’roq olmoshi
qo’yish orqali yasaladi:
Masalan:
We read a lot of books at school every day.
When do you read a lot of books at school?

We read a lot of books at school every day.

Where do you read a lot of books every day?

We read a lot of books at school every day.

How many books do you read at school every day?

We read a lot of books at school every day.

What do you do at school every day?

 Lekin gapning egasiga savol berilganda yordamchi fe’l

egadan oldinga chiqolmaydi va darak gap shaklida qoladi:

We read a lot of books at school every day.

Who reads a lot of books at school every
day?

He broke the window.

Who broke the window?

O’lchamlarni aytish

The height of the mountain is 2

kilometres. The mountain is 2 kilometres
high.

The depth of the lake is 100

metres. The lake is 100 metres
deep.

The length of the building is 16 metres.

The building is 16 metres long.

239
 Get
 Olmoq, sotib olmoq, topmoq, olib kelmoq, bormoq, borib
yetmoq ma’nolarida ishlatilishi mumkin:
Where did you get it?
Buni qayerdan olding?
It is difficult to get a job in my town.
Mening shaxarchamda ish topish qiyin.
Did you get my letter?
Mening xatimni oldingmi?

 Bormoq ma’nosida kelganida odatda to bilan

keladi: How can I get to the city centre?
Shaxar markaziga qanday borsam
bo’ladi? I usually get to work before
8.30.
Men odatda ishga 8.30 dan olding boraman.

 Lekin home so’zi bilan kelganida to ni

olmaydi: Call me when you get home.
Uyga borganingizda menga qo’ng’iroq qiling.

 Holatning boshlanishi yoki o’zgarishini ifodalashda

ham ishlatiladi:
Drink your coffee. It’s getting cold.
Kofeyingizni iching. U soviyapti.
I hope he gets better soon.
Tez orada tuzaladi deb umid qilaman.

Go
 Bormoq deb tarjima qilinadi. Odatda to predlogi bilan
keladi. I go to my English course three times a week.
Men ingliz tili kursimga haftada uch marta
boraman. We should go to the dentist every six
months.
Biz har 6 oyda bir marta tish shifokoriga borishimiz kerak.

 Lekin home so’zi bilan kelganda to siz

keladi: I should go home now.
Men endi uyga ketishim kerak.

 Go bilan keluvchi iboralar:

Go to sleep uxlamoq
Go on holiday ta’tilga chiqmoq
Go on a trip sayohatga chiqmoq
Go on an excursion ekskursiyaga chiqmoq
Go on a cruise dengiz sayohatiga chiqmoq
Go for a walk piyoda sayrga chiqmoq
Go for a run yugurishga chiqmoq
Go for a swim suzishga chiqmoq
Go for a meal ovqatlanishga bormoq
Go for a holiday ta’tilga chiqmoq

 Go + ing
Go swimming suzishga bormoq
Go shopping xarid qilishga bormoq
Go fishing baliq tutishga bormoq

 Make bilan keluvchi iboralar

Make a cake pirog pishirmoq
Make a call qo’ng’iroq qilmoq
Make a choice tanlamoq
Make a comment izoh bermoq
Make a complaint shikoyat
qilmoq Make a deal kelishmoq
Make a decision qaror qilmoq
Make a difference farqlanmoq
Make a fire olov yoqmoq
Make a fortune boyib ketmoq
Make a mess tartibsizlik qilmoq
Make a mistake xato qilmoq
Make a noise shovqin qilmoq
Make a profit foyda qilmoq
Make a promise va’da bermoq
Make a sound ovoz chiqarmoq
Make a speech nutq o’qimoq
Make a suggestion taklif qilmoq
Make a visit tashrif
buyurmoq
Make a wish tilak tilamoq
Make an attempt urinib
ko’rmoq Make an exception istisno
qilmoq
Make an excuse uzr so’ramoq; bahona
qilmoq Make an offer taklif qilmoq
Make breakfast nonushta tayyorlamoq
Make friends do’stlashmoq
Make fun of smb ustidan kulmoq
Make lunch/dinner tushlik
tayyorlamoq Make money pul topmoq
Make plans reja tuzmoq
Make sure ishonch hosil qilmoq

241
Make trouble tashvishlantirmoq
 Do bilan keladigan iboralar:

Do a favour iltifot ko’rsatmoq

Do a project loyiha qilmoq
Do a test test ishlamoq
Do an exam imtihon topshirmoq
Do business biznes qilmoq
Do damage zarar yetkazmoq
Do exercise mashq bajarmoq
Do good foyda bermoq
Do harm zarar yetkazmoq
Do homework uyga vazifani bajarmoq
Do housework uy ishlarini bajarmoq
Do research izlanish olib bormoq
Do the cleaning tozalamoq
Do the dishes idish-tovoqlarni yuvmoq
Do the ironing dazmollamoq
Do the laundry kirlarni yuvmoq
Do the shopping xarid qilmoq
Do your best qo’lidan kelgancha harakat qilmoq
Do the duty vazifani bajarmoq
Do the job ishni bajarmoq
Do the makeup pardoz qilmoq
Do your hair sochini turmaklamoq
Do 100 miles per hour soatiga 100 milya tezlik bilan
harakatlanmoq Do your nails tirnog’ini olmoq
Do some studying biroz dars qilmoq
 Give, show, pass, send, lend fe’llaridan keyin birinchi
vositali to’ldiruvchi (ya’ni –ga qo’shimchasi qo’shilgan so’z)
keyin vositasiz to’ldiruvchi (ya’ni –ni qo’shimchasini olgan
so’z) kelsa, ular o’rtasida to bo’lmaydi.
 Agar avval vositasiz to’ldiruvchi keyin vositali to’ldiruvchi
bo’lsa, unda ular orasida to bo’ladi:
Give me your book.
Menga kitobingni ber.
Give your book to me.
Kitobingni menga ber.
They sent us some gifts last year.
They sent some gifts to us last
year.
O’tgan yil ular bizga bir nechta sovg’a yuborishdi.
What … like? U qanday?
I’ve bought a new book.
Yangi kitob sotib oldim.
What is it like?
U qanday
ekan?
Yesterday we went to Tom’s party?
What was it like?
For doing va to do
To do – biror ish-harakatdan maqsad ifodalanganda
ishlatiladi: I’m reading this book to learn English grammar.
Men bu kitobni Ingliz tilini o’rganish uchun o’qiyapman.
For doing – biror kishi yoki narsadan maqsad
ifodalanganda ishlatiladi:
This is a good book for learning English.
Bu Ingliz tilini o’rganish uchun yaxshi kitob.

Lie – yolg’on gapirmoq (to’g’ri fe’l – lied,

lied) Lie – cho’zilmoq, yotmoq (noto’g’ri fe’l –
lay, lain) Lay – yoymoq (to’g’ri fe’l – laid, laid)

I hope so umid qilamanki shunday

I hope not umid qilamanki unday emas
I think so menimcha shunday
I’m afraid so qo’rqamanki, unday emas
Quyidagi inkor shakllarga e’tibor bering:
I decided not to go there. U yerga bormaslikka qaror
qildim. I didn’t decide to go there. U yerga borishga qaror
qilmadim.
Word order – So’zlar tartibi
Ingliz tilida gap qurilish tartibi quyidagicha:
Subject + Verb + Object

Darak gaplar:
I (subject) watch (verb) TV (object).
Men ( ega) ko’raman (kesim) televizorni(to’ldiruvchi).
Ingliz tilida o’zbek tilidan farqli ravishda har doim gapda ega
va kesim yonma-yon kelishi shart. Ammo o’zbek tilida kesim gap
oxirida keladi va ega kelmasligi yo yashirinib kelishi mumkin.
I usually go to bed early.
Odatda barvaqt uxlayman.
They must go to school.
Maktabga borish kerak.
Ingliz tilida o’rin va payt hollari to’ldiruvchidan keyin keladi.
Biz har kuni do’stlarimizni uchratamiz.
243
 We every day meet our friends emas!
 We meet our friends every day.
Gapda o’rin va payt ravishlari yonma-yon kelganida birinchi
o’rin so’ng payt ravishi joylashadi. Chunki payt ravishi o’rin
ravishiga nisbatan mustaqilroq. O’rin ravishi esa gapdagi
kesimga tobe bo’ladi. I watch TV in my room (place) every night
(time).
We arrived at the airport (place) at 10 p.m
(time) I go to school (place) every day (time).
Every day I go to school desa ham bo’ladi.
Ammo, To school I go every day emas!
Usually, always, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, never, also payt
ravishlari hamda both, all olmoshlari kesimdan oldin keladi:
I often talk to my relatives in Bukhara.
Men tez-tez Buxorodagi qarindoshlarim bilan
gaplashaman. We usually get up at 6:30 a.m.
Biz odatda 6.30 da turamiz.
They both love their mother.
Ularning ikkalasiyam onasini yaxshi ko’radi.
Ammo bu so’zlar yordamchi fe’llardan keyin keladi.
I am always at work on weekdays.
They are always late for school.
Ular darsga doim kech qolishadi.
We are all interested in politics.
Biz barchamiz siyosatga
qiziqamiz. I will never forget you.
Men sizni hech qachon unutmayman.
Perfect zamonlarida ishlatiladigan just, already, never, ever
ravishlari birinchi yordamchi fe’ldan keyin keladi:
I’ve just come from school.
Men maktabdan hozirgina keldim.
We’ve already known him.
Men uni allaqachon bilardim.
 So’roq gaplarda so’z tartibi yuqoridagi mavzularda berib
o’tilgan bo’lib asosan yordamchi va modal fe’llarning egadan
oldinga chiqishi orqali yasaladi:
Do you often watch TV?
Siz tez-tez televizor tomosha qilasizmi?
Who can help me?
Kim menga yordam bera oladi?
 Inkor gaplar yordamchi yoki modal fe’llarga not qo’shish
orqali yasaladi:
I don’t like football.
Men futbolni
yoqtirmayman. You can’t
understand me.
Sen meni tushuna olmaysan.

 Buyruq gaplarning bo’lishli shakli fe’lning asosiy shakli

gap boshida kelishi orqali, bo’lishsiz shakli esa gap
boshiga Don’t qo’yish orqali yasaladi:
Speak louder!
Balandroq gapiring!
Don’t be late!
Kech qolmang!

Noto’g’ri fe’llar
V0 V2 V3 Tarjimas

1. Be Was/Were Been Bo’lmoq

2. Beat Beat Beaten urmoq
3. Become Became Become Bo’lib qolmoq
4. Begin Began Begun Boshlamoq
5. Bet Bet Bet Garov bo’g’lamoq
6. Bite Bit Bitten Tishlamoq
7.Blow Blew Blown Esmoq
8.Break Broke Broken Buzmoq
9.Bring Brought Brought Olib kelmoq
10. Build Built Built Qurmoq
11. Burn Burnt Burnt Kuydirmoq
12. Burst Burst Burst portlamoq
13. Buy Bought Bought Sotib olmoq
14. Catch Caught Caught Tutib olmoq
15. Choose Chose Chosen Tanlamoq
16. Come Came Come Kelmoq
17. Cost Cost Cost Narxlanmoq
18. Cut Cut Cut Kesmoq
19. Dig Dug Dug Qazmoq
20. Do Did Done Qilmoq, bajarmoq
21. Draw Drew Drawn Chizmoq, sudramoq
Orzu qilmoq, tush
22. Dream Dreamt Dreamt
ko’rmoq
23. Drink Drank Drunk Ichmoq
24. Drive Drove Driven Mashina haydamoq
25. Eat Ate Eaten Yemoq
26. Fall Fell Fallen Yiqilmoq
27. Feed Fed Fed Boqmoq
28. Feel Felt Felt His etmoq
29. Fight Fought Fought Urushmoq

245
30. Find Found Found Topmoq
31. Fly Flew Flown Uchmoq
32. Forget Forgot Forgotten Unutmoq
33. Forgive Forgave Forgiven Kechirmoq
34. Freeze Froze Frozen Muzlamoq
35. Get Got Got/Gotten Olmoq
36. Give Gave Given Bermoq
37. Go Went Gone/Been Bormoq
38. Grow Grew Grown O’smoq
39. Hang Hung Hung Osilmoq, ilinmoq
40. Have Had Had Ega bo’lmoq
41. Hear Heard Heard Eshitmoq
42. Hide Hid Hidden Yashirinmoq
43. Hit Hit Hit urmoq
44. Hold Held Held Ushlamoq
45. Hurt Hurt Hurt Jarohatlamoq
46. Keep Kept Kept Saqlamoq
47. Know Knew Known Bilmoq
48. Lay Laid Laid Qo’ymoq, yoymoq
49. Learn Learnt Learnt O’rganmoq
50. Leave Left Left Tark etmoq, qoldirmoq
51. Lend Lent Lent Qarzga berib turmoq
52. Let Let Let Ruxsat bermoq
53. Lie Lay Lain Yotmoq, cho’zilmoq
54. Light Lit Lit Yoritmoq, yoqmoq
55. Lose Lost Lost Yo’qotmoq
56. Make Made Made Yasamoq, qilmoq
57. Mean Meant Meant Anglatmoq
58. Meet Met Met Uchrashmoq
59. Mistake Mistook Mistaken xato qilmoq
60. Pay Paid Paid To’lamoq
61. Put Put Put Qo’ymoq
62. Quit Quit Quit To’xtatmoq
63. Read(rid) Read (red) Read (red) O’qimoq
64. Ride Rode Ridden Minmoq
65. Ring Rang Rung Qo’ng’iroq qilmoq
66. Rise Rose Risen Ko’tarilmoq, ko’tarmoq
67. Run Ran Run Yugurmoq
68. Say Said Said Aytmoq
69. See Saw Seen Ko’rmoq
70. Sell Sold Sold Sotmoq
71. Send Sent Sent Yubormoq
72. Set Set Set O’rnatmoq
73. Sew Sewed Sewn tikmoq
74. Shake Shook Shaken Silkitmoq
75. Shave Shaved Shaven Soqol olmoq
76. Shine Shone Shone Charaqlamoq
77. Shoot Shot Shot Otmoq
78. Show Showed Shown Ko’rsatmoq
79. Shut Shut Shut Yopmoq
80. Sing Sang Sung Kuylamoq
81. Sink Sank Sunk Cho’kmoq
82. Sit Sat Sat O’tirmoq
83. Sleep Slept Slept Uxlamoq
84. Smell Smelt Smelt Hidlamoq, hid taratmoq
85. Speak Spoke Spoken Gapirmoq
86. Spell Spelt Spelt Talaffuz qilmoq
87. Spend Spent Spent O’tkazmoq, sarflamoq
88. Spill Spilt Spilt To’kilmoq
89. Spread Spread Spread yoyilmoq
90. Stand Stood Stood Turmoq
91. Steal Stole Stolen O’g’irlamoq
92. Swim Swam Swum Suzmoq
93. Take Took Taken Olmoq
94. Teach Taught Taught O’rganmoq
95. Tear Tore Torn Yirtmoq
96. Tell Told Told aytib bermoq
97. Think Thought Thought O’ylamoq
98. Throw Threw Thrown Uloqtirmoq
99. Understand Understood Understood Tushunmoq
100. Wake Woke Woken Uyg’onmoq
101. Wear Wore Worn Kiymoq
102. Weep Wept Wept Yig’lamoq
103. Win Won Won G’alaba qozonmoq
104. Write Wrote Written Yozmoq

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