INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 6336-1

Third edition
2019-11

Calculation of load capacity of spur

and helical gears —
Part 1:
Basic principles, introduction and
general influence factors
Calcul de la capacitéPREVIEW
iTeh STANDARD de charge des engrenages cylindriques à
dentures droite et hélicoïdale —
(standards.iteh.ai)
Partie 1: Principes de base, introduction et facteurs généraux
d'influence
ISO 6336-1:2019
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Reference number
ISO 6336-1:2019(E)

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ISO 6336-1:2019(E)


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Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... vi
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... vii
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms........................................................................................................ 2
3.1 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................................................................ 2
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms............................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Basic principles....................................................................................................................................................................................................11
4.1 Application............................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1.1 Surface durability (pitting)................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1.2 Tooth bending strength............................................................................................................................................ 11
4.1.3 Tooth flank fracture..................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.1.4 Strength and quality of materials.................................................................................................................... 12
4.1.5 Service life under variable load......................................................................................................................... 12
4.1.6 Scuffing................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.1.7 Wear.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.1.8 Micropitting........................................................................................................................................................................ 12
4.1.9 Plastic-yielding................................................................................................................................................................ 12
4.1.10 Specific applications................................................................................................................................................... 12
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4.1.11 Safety factors..................................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.1.12 Testing..................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
(standards.iteh.ai)
4.1.13 Manufacturing tolerances...................................................................................................................................... 15
4.1.14 Implied accuracy............................................................................................................................................................ 15
4.1.15 Other considerations ISO..................................................................................................................................................
6336-1:2019 15
4.1.16https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/e5f28eea-4bec-44ff-b855-
Influence factors............................................................................................................................................................. 16
4.1.17 Numerical formulae .................................................................................................................................................... 18
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4.1.18 Succession of factors in the course of calculation............................................................................. 18
4.1.19 Determination of allowable values of gear deviations.................................................................. 18
4.2 Tangential load, torque and power...................................................................................................................................... 18
4.2.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
4.2.2 Nominal tangential load, nominal torque and nominal power.............................................. 19
4.2.3 Equivalent tangential load, equivalent torque and equivalent power............................. 19
4.2.4 Maximum tangential load, maximum torque and maximal power.................................... 19
5 Application factor, KA ....................................................................................................................................................................................19
5.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
5.2 Method A — Factor KA-A .............................................................................................................................................................. 20
5.2.1 Factor KA-A .......................................................................................................................................................................... 20
5.2.2 Factor KHA-A for pitting along ISO 6336-2................................................................................................ 20
5.2.3 Factor KFA-A for tooth root breakage along ISO 6336-3................................................................ 20
5.2.4 Factor KFFA-A for tooth flank fracture along ISO/TS 6336-4..................................................... 20
5.2.5 Factor KϑA-A for scuffing along ISO/TS 6336-20/ISO/TS 6336-21..................................... 21
5.2.6 Factor KλA-A for micropitting along ISO/TS 6336-22...................................................................... 21
5.3 Method B — Factor KA-B .............................................................................................................................................................. 21
5.3.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
5.3.2 Guide values for application factor, KA-B .................................................................................................. 21
6 Internal dynamic factor, Kv .....................................................................................................................................................................24
6.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
6.2 Parameters affecting internal dynamic load and calculations..................................................................... 24
6.2.1 Design...................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
6.2.2 Manufacturing.................................................................................................................................................................. 24
6.2.3 Transmission perturbance.................................................................................................................................... 25
6.2.4 Dynamic response........................................................................................................................................................ 25

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6.2.5 Resonances......................................................................................................................................................................... 25
6.2.6 Application of internal dynamic factor for low loaded gears.................................................. 26
6.3 Principles and assumptions....................................................................................................................................................... 26
6.4 Methods for determination of dynamic factor........................................................................................................... 27
6.4.1 Method A — Factor Kv-A ......................................................................................................................................... 27
6.4.2 Method B — Factor Kv-B ......................................................................................................................................... 27
6.4.3 Method C — Factor Kv-C .......................................................................................................................................... 27
6.5 Determination of dynamic factor using Method B: Kv-B ................................................................................... 28
6.5.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
6.5.2 Running speed ranges............................................................................................................................................... 28
6.5.3 Determination of resonance running speed (main resonance) of a gear pair......... 29
6.5.4 Dynamic factor in subcritical range (N ≤ NS)........................................................................................ 31
6.5.5 Dynamic factor in main resonance range (NS < N ≤ 1,15).......................................................... 34
6.5.6 Dynamic factor in supercritical range (N ≥ 1,5).................................................................................. 34
6.5.7 Dynamic factor in intermediate range (1,15 < N < 1,5)................................................................ 34
6.5.8 Resonance speed determination for specific gear designs....................................................... 35
6.5.9 Calculation of reduced mass of gear pair with external teeth................................................ 37
6.6 Determination of dynamic factor using Method C: Kv-C ................................................................................... 38
6.6.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
6.6.2 Graphical values of dynamic factor using Method C....................................................................... 39
6.6.3 Determination by calculation of dynamic factor using Method C....................................... 42
7 Face load factors, KHβ and KFβ ...............................................................................................................................................................43
7.1 Gear tooth load distribution...................................................................................................................................................... 43
7.2 General principles for determination of face load factors, KHβ and KFβ ............................................. 43
7.2.1 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
General................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
7.2.2 Face load factor for contact stress, KHβ ..................................................................................................... 44
7.2.3 (standards.iteh.ai)
Face load factor for tooth root stress, KFβ ............................................................................................... 44
7.3 Methods for determination of face load factor — Principles, assumptions..................................... 44
7.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................
ISO 6336-1:2019 44
7.3.2 Method A — Factors KHβ-A and KFβ-A ........................................................................................................... 44
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7.3.3 KHβ-B and KFβ-B ........................................................................................................... 45
Method B — Factors73123e9fb8ac/iso-6336-1-2019
7.3.4 Method C — Factors KHβ-C and KFβ-C ............................................................................................................ 45
7.4 Determination of face load factor using Method B: KHβ-B ............................................................................... 45
7.4.1 Number of calculation points............................................................................................................................. 45
7.4.2 Definition of KHβ ............................................................................................................................................................ 45
7.4.3 Stiffness and elastic deformations.................................................................................................................. 45
7.4.4 Static displacements................................................................................................................................................... 49
7.4.5 Assumptions...................................................................................................................................................................... 49
7.4.6 Computer program output.................................................................................................................................... 49
7.5 Determination of face load factor using Method C: KHβ-C ............................................................................... 49
7.5.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 49
7.5.2 Effective equivalent misalignment, Fβy ...................................................................................................... 51
7.5.3 Running-in allowance, yβ, and running-in factor, χβ ....................................................................... 51
7.5.4 Mesh misalignment, fma .......................................................................................................................................... 61
7.5.5 Component of mesh misalignment caused by case deformation, fca ............................... 63
7.5.6 Component of mesh misalignment caused by shaft displacement, fbe .......................... 63
7.6 Determination of face load factor for tooth root stress using Method B or C: KFβ .................... 64
8 Transverse load factors KHα and KFα ..............................................................................................................................................65
8.1 Transverse load distribution.................................................................................................................................................... 65
8.2 Determination methods for transverse load factors — Principles and assumptions............. 65
8.2.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 65
8.2.2 Method A — Factors KHα-A and KFα-A .......................................................................................................... 65
8.2.3 Method B — Factors KHα-B and KFα-B ........................................................................................................... 66
8.3 Determination of transverse load factors using Method B — KHα-B and KFα-B ............................. 66
8.3.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 66
8.3.2 Determination of transverse load factor by calculation.............................................................. 66
8.3.3 Transverse load factors from graphs............................................................................................................ 67

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8.3.4 Limiting conditions for KHα ................................................................................................................................. 67

8.3.5 Limiting conditions for KFα .................................................................................................................................. 67
8.3.6 Running-in allowance, yα ....................................................................................................................................... 68
9 Tooth stiffness parameters, c′ and cγ ............................................................................................................................................71
9.1 Stiffness influences............................................................................................................................................................................ 71
9.2 Determination methods for tooth stiffness parameters — Principles and assumptions..... 71
9.2.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 71
9.2.2 Method A — Tooth stiffness parameters c′A and cγ-A .................................................................... 72
9.2.3 Method B — Tooth stiffness parameters c′B and cγ-B .................................................................... 72
9.3 Determination of tooth stiffness parameters, c′ and cγ, according to Method B.......................... 72
9.3.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 72
9.3.2 Single stiffness, c′........................................................................................................................................................... 73
9.3.3 Mesh stiffness, cγ .......................................................................................................................................................... 77
10 Parameter of Hertzian contact.............................................................................................................................................................77
10.1 Local radius of relative curvature......................................................................................................................................... 77
10.2 Reduced modulus of elasticity, Er ........................................................................................................................................ 78
10.3 Local Hertzian contact stress, pdyn,CP ............................................................................................................................... 78
10.3.1 Method A............................................................................................................................................................................... 78
10.3.2 Method B............................................................................................................................................................................... 79
10.4 Half of the Hertzian contact width, bH ............................................................................................................................. 80
10.5 Load distribution along the path of contact................................................................................................................ 80
10.5.1 Definition of contact points, CP, on the path of contact................................................................ 80
10.5.2 Load sharing factor, XCP .......................................................................................................................................... 82
10.6 Sum of tangential velocity, vΣ,CP ............................................................................................................................................. 90
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11 Lubricant parameters at given temperature.........................................................................................................................91
(standards.iteh.ai)
11.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 91
Kinematic viscosity at a given temperature, vθ ........................................................................................................ 91
11.2
11.3
Density of the lubricant at aISO given temperature θ, ρθ ........................................................................................ 92
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Annex A (normative) Additional methods for determination of fsh and fma..............................................................93
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Annex B (informative) Guide values for crowning and end relief of teeth of cylindrical gears............96
Annex C (informative) Guide values for KHβ-C for crowned teeth of cylindrical gears.....................................99
Annex D (informative) Derivations and explanatory notes.................................................................................................... 102
Annex E (informative) Analytical determination of load distribution........................................................................ 106
Annex F (informative) General symbols used for calculation of load capacity of spur and
helical gears......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 128
Bibliography.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 133

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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www​.iso​.org/​directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www​.iso​.org/​patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www​.iso​.org/​
iso/​foreword​.html. (standards.iteh.ai)
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 60, Gears, Subcommittee SC 2, Gear
capacity calculation. ISO 6336-1:2019
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This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 6336-1:2006), which has been technically
73123e9fb8ac/iso-6336-1-2019
revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 6336-1:2006/Cor.1:2008.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— incorporation of ISO/TS 6336-4, ISO/TS 6336-20, ISO/TS 6336-21 and ISO/TS 6336-22 into
Clause 4 (failure mode);
— update of application factors in Clause 5;
— integration of Clause 10 "Parameters of Hertzian contact";
— integration of Clause 11 "Lubricant parameters at given temperature".
A list of all parts in the ISO 6336 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www​.iso​.org/​members​.html.

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Introduction
ISO 6336 (all parts) consists of International Standards, Technical Specifications (TS) and Technical
Reports (TR) under the general title Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears (see Table 1).
— International Standards contain calculation methods that are based on widely accepted practices
and have been validated.
— Technical Specifications (TS) contain calculation methods that are still subject to further
development.
— Technical Reports (TR) contain data that is informative, such as example calculations.
The procedures specified in parts 1 to 19 of the ISO 6336 series cover fatigue analyses for gear rating.
The procedures described in parts 20 to 29 of the ISO 6336 series are predominantly related to the
tribological behavior of the lubricated flank surface contact. Parts 30 to 39 of the ISO 6336 series
include example calculations. The ISO 6336 series allows the addition of new parts under appropriate
numbers to reflect knowledge gained in the future.
Requesting standardized calculations according to the ISO 6336 series without referring to specific
parts requires the use of only those parts that are currently designated as International Standards (see
Table 1 for listing). When requesting further calculations, the relevant part or parts of the ISO 6336
series need to be specified. Use of a Technical Specification as acceptance criteria for a specific design
need to be agreed in advance between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Table 1 — Parts of the ISO 6336 series (status as of DATE OF PUBLICATION)
(standards.iteh.ai) Technical
International Technical
Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Specifica-
Standard Report
ISO 6336-1:2019 tion
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Part 1: Basic principles, introduction and general influence factors X
73123e9fb8ac/iso-6336-1-2019
Part 2: Calculation of surface durability (pitting) X
Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending strength X
Part 4: Calculation of tooth flank fracture load capacity X
Part 5: Strength and quality of materials X
Part 6: Calculation of service life under variable load X
Part 20: Calculation of scuffing load capacity (also applicable to bevel
and hypoid gears) — Flash temperature method X
(replaces: ISO/TR 13989-1)
Part 21: Calculation of scuffing load capacity (also applicable to bevel
and hypoid gears) — Integral temperature method X
(replaces: ISO/TR 13989-2)
Part 22: Calculation of micropitting load capacity
X
(replaces: ISO/TR 15144-1)
Part 30: Calculation examples for the application of ISO 6336 parts 1,2,3,5 X
Part 31: Calculation examples of micropitting load capacity
X
(replaces: ISO/TR 15144-2)

This document and the other parts of the ISO 6336 series provide a coherent system of procedures for
the calculation of the load capacity of cylindrical involute gears with external or internal teeth. The
ISO 6336 series is designed to facilitate the application of future knowledge and developments, also the
exchange of information gained from experience.

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Design considerations to prevent fractures emanating from stress raisers in the tooth flank, tip
chipping and failures of the gear blank through the web or hub will need to be analysed by general
machine design methods.
Several methods for the calculation of load capacity, as well as for the calculation of various factors, are
permitted (see 4.1.16). The directions in ISO 6336 are thus complex, but also flexible.
Included in the formulae are the major factors which are presently known to affect gear tooth damages
which are covered by the ISO 6336 series. The formulae are in a form that will permit the addition of
new factors to reflect knowledge gained in the future.

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

(standards.iteh.ai)
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Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears —

Part 1:
Basic principles, introduction and general influence factors

1 Scope
This document presents the basic principles of, an introduction to, and the general influence factors
for the calculation of the load capacity of spur and helical gears. Together with the other documents
in the ISO 6336 series, it provides a method by which different gear designs can be compared. It is
not intended to assure the performance of assembled drive gear systems. It is not intended for use by
the general engineering public. Instead, it is intended for use by the experienced gear designer who
is capable of selecting reasonable values for the factors in these formulae based on the knowledge of
similar designs and the awareness of the effects of the items discussed.
The formulae in the ISO 6336 series are intended to establish a uniformly acceptable method for
calculating the load capacity of cylindrical gears with straight or helical involute teeth.
The ISO 6336 series includes procedures based on testing and theoretical studies as referenced by each
method. The methods are validated for:
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
— normal working pressure angle from 15° to 25°;
(standards.iteh.ai)
— reference helix angle up to 30°;
ISO 6336-1:2019
— transverse contact ratio from 1,0 to 2,5.
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73123e9fb8ac/iso-6336-1-2019
If this scope is exceeded, the calculated results will need to be confirmed by experience.
The formulae in the ISO 6336 series are not applicable when any of the following conditions exist:
— gears with transverse contact ratios less than 1,0;
— interference between tooth tips and root fillets;
— teeth are pointed;
— backlash is zero.
The rating formulae in the ISO 6336 series are not applicable to other types of gear tooth deterioration
such as plastic deformation, case crushing and wear, and are not applicable under vibratory conditions
where there can be an unpredictable profile breakdown. The ISO 6336 series does not apply to teeth
finished by forging or sintering. It is not applicable to gears which have a poor contact pattern.
The influence factors presented in these methods form a method to predict the risk of damage that
aligns with industry and experimental experience. It is possible that they are not entirely scientifically
exact. Therefore, the calculation methods from one part of the ISO 6336 series is not applicable in
another part of the ISO 6336 series unless specifically referenced.
The procedures in the ISO 6336 series provide rating formulae for the calculation of load capacity with
regard to different failure modes such as pitting, tooth root breakage, tooth flank fracture, scuffing
and micropitting. At pitch line velocities below 1 m/s the gear load capacity is often limited by abrasive
wear (see other literature such as References [23] and [22] for further information on such calculation).

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ISO 6336-1:2019(E)


2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 53:1998, Cylindrical gears for general and heavy engineering — Standard basic rack tooth profile
ISO 1122-1:1998, Vocabulary of gear terms — Part 1: Definitions related to geometry
ISO 1328-1:2013, Cylindrical gears — ISO system of flank tolerance classification — Part 1: Definitions and
allowable values of deviations relevant to flanks of gear teeth
ISO 21771:2007, Gears — Cylindrical involute gears and gear pairs — Concepts and geometry
ISO 6336-2, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 2: Calculation of surface durability
(pitting)
ISO 6336-3, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending
strength
ISO 6336-5, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 5: Strength and quality of
materials
ISO 6336-6, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 6: Calculation of service life under
variable load
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
3 Terms, definitions, symbols (standards.iteh.ai)
and abbreviated terms

3.1 Terms and definitions ISO 6336-1:2019

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For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1122-1:1998 and
73123e9fb8ac/iso-6336-1-2019
ISO 21771:2007 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://​w ww​.iso​.org/​obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://​w ww​.electropedia​.org/​

3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms

For the purpose of this document, the symbols and abbreviated terms given in ISO 1122-1:1998,
ISO 21771:2007 and Table 2 apply. Further general symbols and abbreviated terms used for the
calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears can be found in Annex F.
NOTE Symbols are based on, and are extensions of, the symbols given in ISO 701 and ISO 1328-1:2013. Only
symbols for quantities used for the calculation of the particular factors treated in the ISO 6336 series are given,
together with the preferred units.

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 ISO 6336-1:2019(E)


Table 2 — Abbreviated terms and symbols used in this document

Abbreviated terms
Terms Description
A, B, C, points on path of contact (pinion root to pinion tip, regardless of whether pinion or wheel drives,
D, E only for geometrical considerations)
CP contact point
EAP end of active profile (for driving pinion: contact point E, for driving wheel: contact point A)
Eh material designation for case‑hardened wrought steel
GG material designation for grey cast iron
GGG material designation for nodular cast iron (perlitic, bainitic, ferritic structure)
GTS material designation for black malleable cast iron (perlitic structure)
IF material designation for flame or induction hardened wrought special steel
NT material designation for nitrided wrought steel, nitriding steel
NV material designation for through‑hardened wrought steel, nitrided, nitrocarburized
SAP start of active profile (for driving pinion: contact point A, for driving wheel: contact point E)
St material designation for normalized base steel (σB < 800 N/mm2)
V material designation for through-hardened wrought steel, alloy or carbon (σB ≥ 800 N/mm2)
Symbols
Symbol
iTeh STANDARD Description
PREVIEW Unit
B (standards.iteh.ai)
total face width of double helical gear including gap width mm
non-dimensional parameter taking into account the effect of profile form deviations
Bf —
on the dynamic load ISO 6336-1:2019
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non-dimensional parameter taking into account the effect of tip and root reliefs on
Bk 73123e9fb8ac/iso-6336-1-2019 —
the dynamic load
non-dimensional parameter taking into account the effect of transverse base pitch
Bp —
deviations on the dynamic load
B* constant (see formulae in Clause 7) —
b face width mm
bcal calculated face width mm
bc0 length of tooth bearing pattern at low load (contact marking) mm
bH half of the Hertzian contact width mm
bred reduced face width (face width minus end reliefs) mm
bs web thickness mm
a For external gears a, d, da, z1 and z2 are positive; for internal gearing, a, d, da and z2 have a negative sign, z1 has a
positive sign. All calculated diameters have a negative sign for internal gearing.
b The components in the plane of action are determinant.

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Table 2 (continued)
Symbols
Symbol Description Unit
bB face width of one helix on a double helical gear mm
bI(II) length of end relief mm
constant, coefficient —
C
relief of tooth flank µm
Ca tip relief µm
Cay tip relief by running‑in µm
CB basic rack factor (same rack for pinion and wheel) —
CB1 basic rack factor (pinion) —
CB2 basic rack factor (wheel) —
Cf root relief µm
CM correction factor (see Clause 9) —
CR gear blank factor (see Clause 9) —
Cβ crowning height µm
CI(II) end relief µm
c constant —
cγ mean value of mesh stiffness per unit face width N/(mm·µm)
c γα iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
mean value of mesh stiffness per unit face width (used for Kv, KHα, KFα) N/(mm·µm)
c γβ mean value of mesh stiffness per unit face width (used for K , K ) N/(mm·µm)
c′
(standards.iteh.ai) Hβ Fβ
maximum tooth stiffness per unit face width (single stiffness) of a tooth pair N/(mm·µm)
c′th theoretical single stiffness ISO 6336-1:2019 N/(mm·µm)
D diameter (design) https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/e5f28eea-4bec-44ff-b855- mm
DI deflection increment 73123e9fb8ac/iso-6336-1-2019 µm
diameter (without subscript, reference diameter)a mm
d
effective twist diameter (Annex E) mm
da tip diametera mm
db base diameter mm
df root diameter mm
din inside shaft diameter (Annex E) mm
dm mean diameter for calculating reduced gear pair mass mm
dNa active tip diameter of pinion or wheel mm
a For external gears a, d, da, z1 and z2 are positive; for internal gearing, a, d, da and z2 have a negative sign, z1 has a
positive sign. All calculated diameters have a negative sign for internal gearing.
b The components in the plane of action are determinant.

4  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ISO 6336-1:2019(E)


Table 2 (continued)
Symbols
Symbol Description Unit
dsh external diameter of shaft, nominal for bending deflection mm
dshi internal diameter of a hollow shaft mm
dw pitch diameter mm
d1,2 reference diameter of pinion (or wheel) mm
E modulus of elasticity N/mm2
Er reduced modulus of elasticity N/mm2
composite and cumulative deviations µm
F
force or load N
F bt nominal transverse load in plane of action (base tangent plane) N
F bt eff total load in the plane of action N
Fg total load on the gearset N
mean transverse tangential load at the reference circle relevant to mesh calcula-
Fm N
tions, Fm = Ft KA Kγ Kv
Fm T mean transverse tangential part load at reference circle N
Fmax maximum tangential tooth load for the mesh calculated N
Ft (nominal) transverse tangential load at reference cylinder per mesh N
determinant tangential load in a transverse plane for KHα and KFα,
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
FtH N
FtH = Ft KA Kγ Kv KHβ
Fβx (standards.iteh.ai)
initial equivalent misalignment (before running‑in) µm
initial equivalent misalignment for the determination of the crowning height
Fβx cv µm
(estimate) ISO 6336-1:2019
Fβx T equivalent https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/e5f28eea-4bec-44ff-b855-
misalignment measured under a partial load µm
73123e9fb8ac/iso-6336-1-2019
Fβy effective equivalent misalignment (after running‑in) µm
f deviation, tooth deformation µm
f be component of equivalent misalignment b due to bearing deformation µm
fca component of equivalent misalignment b due to case deformation µm
fF load correction factor —
profile form deviation (the value for the total profile deviation Fα may be used alter-
f fα µm
natively for this, if tolerances complying with ISO 1328-1:2013 are used)
f fα eff effective profile form deviation after running-in µm
fma mesh misalignmentb due to manufacturing deviations µm
a For external gears a, d, da, z1 and z2 are positive; for internal gearing, a, d, da and z2 have a negative sign, z1 has a
positive sign. All calculated diameters have a negative sign for internal gearing.
b The components in the plane of action are determinant.

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  5

ISO 6336-1:2019(E)


Table 2 (continued)
Symbols
Symbol Description Unit
fpb eff transverse effective base pitch deviation after running-in µm
fpt transverse single pitch deviation µm
fpar act non‑parallelism of pinion and wheel axes (manufacturing deviation)b µm
transverse base pitch deviation (the values of fpt may be used for calculations in ac-
fpb µm
cordance with the ISO 6336 series, using tolerances complying with ISO 1328-1:2013)
component of equivalent misalignment b due to deformations of pinion and wheel
fsh µm
shafts
component of misalignment due to shaft and pinion deformation measured at a
fshT µm
partial load
f Σβ shaft parallelism out-of-plane deviation according to ISO/TR 10064-3:1996 —
helix slope deviation (the value for the total helix deviation Fβ may be used alterna-
f Hβ µm
tively for this, if tolerances complying with ISO 1328-1:2013 are used)
fα eff effective single profile deviation µm
fδ torsional deflection µm
f Hβ5 tolerance on helix slope deviation for ISO tolerance class 5 µm
G shear modulus N/mm2
g path of contact mm
gα iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
length of path of contact mm
h tooth depth (without subscript, root circle to tip circle) mm
haP
(standards.iteh.ai)
addendum of basic rack of cylindrical gears mm
hfP dedendum of basic rack of cylindrical gears
ISO 6336-1:2019 mm
ht tooth height https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/e5f28eea-4bec-44ff-b855- mm
I moment of inertia 73123e9fb8ac/iso-6336-1-2019 mm4
ICS integration constant µm
J* moment of inertia per unit face width kg∙mm2/mm
K constant, factors concerning tooth load —
K′ constant of the pinion offset —
KA application factor —
KA-A application factor (Method A) —
KA-B application factor (Method B) —
KFA-A application factor for tooth root breakage along ISO 6336-3 (Method A) —
a For external gears a, d, da, z1 and z2 are positive; for internal gearing, a, d, da and z2 have a negative sign, z1 has a
positive sign. All calculated diameters have a negative sign for internal gearing.
b The components in the plane of action are determinant.

6  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ISO 6336-1:2019(E)


Table 2 (continued)
Symbols
Symbol Description Unit
KFA-B application factor for tooth root breakage along ISO 6336-3 (Method B) —
KFα transverse load factor (root stress) —
KFα-A transverse load factor (root stress) (Method A) —
KFα-B transverse load factor (root stress) (Method B) —
KFFA-A application factor for tooth flank fracture along ISO/TS 6336-4 (Method A) —
KFFA-B application factor for tooth flank fracture along ISO/TS 6336-4 (Method B) —
KFβ face load factor (root stress) —
KFβ-A face load factor (root stress) (Method A) —
KFβ-B face load factor (root stress) (Method B) —
KFβ-C face load factor (root stress) (Method C) —
KHα transverse load factor (contact stress) —
KHα−Α transverse load factor (contact stress) (Method A) —
KHα−Β transverse load factor (contact stress) (Method B) —
KHβ face load factor (contact stress) —
KHβ-A face load factor (contact stress) (Method A) —
KHβ-B face load factor (contact stress) (Method B) —
KHβ-C iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
face load factor (contact stress) (Method C) —
Kv dynamic factor —
Kv-A
(standards.iteh.ai)
dynamic factor (Method A) —
Kv-B dynamic factor (Method B) ISO 6336-1:2019 —
Kv-C dynamic factor (Method C)
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/e5f28eea-4bec-44ff-b855- —
mesh load factor (takes into73123e9fb8ac/iso-6336-1-2019
account the uneven distribution of the load between
Kγ —
meshes for multiple transmission paths)
Kλ application factor for micropitting along ISO/TS 6336-22 —
K λA-A application factor for micropitting along ISO/TS 6336-22 (Method A) —
K λA-B application factor for micropitting along ISO/TS 6336-22 (Method B) —
Kϑ application factor for scuffing along ISO/TS 6336-20/ISO/TS 6336-21 —
KϑA-A application factor for scuffing along ISO/TS 6336-20/ISO/TS 6336-21 (Method A) —
KϑA-B application factor for scuffing along ISO/TS 6336-20/ISO/TS 6336-21 (Method B) —
a For external gears a, d, da, z1 and z2 are positive; for internal gearing, a, d, da and z2 have a negative sign, z1 has a
positive sign. All calculated diameters have a negative sign for internal gearing.
b The components in the plane of action are determinant.

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  7