Truss Section JMP 23.3.2020

Method of joint is effect method to determination of member forces when it is required to calculate
in all member of a truss but when need arise to calculate force in one member or few members only,
then method of section prove more effective and efficient.
Steps:
1. Check whether truss is perfect or not by calculating m = 2j – r. If truss is perfect then follow
following steps, otherwise problem can not to be solved by equilibrium condition alone.
2. Calculate support reaction.
3. Select suitable section: take section in such that maximum three members ( in which forces
unknown ) cut by it, because we have 3 conditions of equilibrium.
4. Assume nature of forces in members.
5. Calculate member forces: section divides truss in two parts. Each part is in equilibrium.
Consider equilibrium of any one part. Find out member forces using equilibrium condition.
Analyse plane truss shown in below figure by method of joint as well as method of section.
Calculate member forces in AF, AC, AND EC.
20 kN 20 kN
B C D B C D
10 kN 10 kN
3m
3m
A E A E
F 3 mF 3m
GIVEN FIGURE HA
VA VE
Step:1 Classification of Truss: Step 2: Calculation of support reaction:
To calculate support reaction in truss
m= NM =No of member = 9 consider structure as coplanner non-
j =NJ = No of joint = 6 concurrent force system.
r =NR = No of reaction = 3 Three equilibium conditions available for
check given truss is perfect or not analyse system in coplanner non concurrent
m = 2j – r force system.
9 = 2(6) – 3 , so given truss is perfect truss.
Condition Type ∑ 𝐻 = 0 ⇒ 𝐻𝐴 + 10 = 0 ⟹ 𝐻𝐴
m=2j-r Perfect truss = −10𝑘𝑁
M< 2j – r Imperfect truss/ unstable
truss/ deficient truss ∑ 𝑉 = 0 ⇒ 𝑉𝐴 + 𝑉𝐸 − 20 = 0
m> 2j –r Redundent Truss
∴ 𝑉𝐴 + 𝑉𝐸 = 20 𝑘𝑁 − − − − − (1)
Take moment @ A,
−𝑉𝐸 × 6 + (20 × 3) + (10 × 3) = 0
∴ 6𝑉𝐸 = 90
∴ 𝑉𝐸 = 15 𝑘𝑁 𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑛 1) 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑉𝐴 = 5 𝑘𝑁
BY PROF. JAY M. PATEL (SALITER) Page 1

Step 3: Assume nature of force in system it may be Step 4: Select suitable section.
tensile in nature or compressive in nature. Take section XX such that it cut maximum
3 members and divides truss in two parts
as shown in fig. Out of these 3 members,
20 kN we want to find out forces in member AC
B FBC D and AF.
C FCD
10 kN Part I of truss remains in equilibrium under
six forces FAF , 10 kN(→), FBC ,FAC, VA(5 kN),
Part -I FAB FAC FCE F Part -II HA (-10kN).
FCF DE
10kN E Part II of truss remains in equilibrium under

A FAF F FEF five forces FAF, FBC ,FAC, VE and 20kN(↓).
5 kN
15 kN
FAF : Alternatively,
We want to find out force in member AF and Taking moment @ C of all forces acting on part
we are not intrested to find out force in II.
member BC and AC. Take moment @ C, so
moment of FBC ,FAC becomes zero. −(𝟏𝟓 × 𝟑) + (𝑭𝑨𝑭 × 𝟑) = 𝟎
Take momemt of forces acting on part I @ point
C, ∴ (𝑭𝑨𝑭 × 𝟑) = 𝟒𝟓
(𝟏𝟎 × 𝟑) + (𝟓 × 𝟑) − (𝑭𝑨𝑭 × 𝟑) = 𝟎
∴ 𝟑𝑭𝑨𝑭 = 𝟒𝟓 ⇒ 𝑭𝑨𝑭 = 𝟏𝟓 𝒌𝑵 ∴ 𝑭𝑨𝑭 = 𝟏𝟓𝒌𝑵
FAC : Alternatively,
FAF & FBC are parallel to each other and they are ∑ 𝑉 = 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 2
not meeting at a point. So we can not moment
where these two forces meet.
Instade of taking moment we use another −𝐹𝐴𝐶 sin 45 + 15 − 20 = 0
equilibrium condition, 5
∴ 𝐹𝐴𝐶 = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛45 = −7.07 𝑘𝑁
∑ 𝑉 = 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 1
𝐹𝐴𝐶 sin 45 + 5 = 0
5
∴ 𝐹𝐴𝐶 = − = −7.07 𝑘𝑁
𝑠𝑖𝑛45
20 kN FCE :
To find out FCE cut section shown in figure.
B C FCD D Consider equilibrium of part I and appy
10 kN
condition of equilibrium in Y direction,
Part -I FCE Part -II
10kN E
A F FEF
−𝐹𝐶𝐸 sin 45 − 20 + 5 = 0
5 kN −15
15 kN ∴ 𝐹𝐶𝐸 = = −21.21 𝑘𝑁
𝑠𝑖𝑛45

Alternatively,
𝐹𝐶𝐸 sin 45 + 15 = 0
15
∴ 𝐹𝐶𝐸 = − = −21.21 𝑘𝑁
𝑠𝑖𝑛45
Member Magnitude of force Nature

AB 0 --------
BC -10 Compression
CD 0 ---------
DE 0 ---------
EF 15 Tension
FA 15 Tension
AE 7.07 Compression
CE 21.21 Compression

Truss Section JMP 23.3.2020

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Method of joint is effect method to determination of member forces when it is required to calculate

BY PROF. JAY M. PATEL (SALITER) Page 1

10kN E Part II of truss remains in equilibrium under

BY PROF. JAY M. PATEL (SALITER) Page 2

Member Magnitude of force Nature

BY PROF. JAY M. PATEL (SALITER) Page 3

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