8 HEALTH

Quarter 2 – WEEK 3
(Pregnancy-related Concerns and Prenatal Care)
What this module is all about
This module discussed about pregnancy related concerns and pre-natal care.
Pregnancy is a time of many changes. The body of the pregnant person will experience physical and biological
changes. It also Influences. The emotional and mental aspects of the person.
This lesson is designed for you to develop understanding of pregnancy related concerns, prenatal care, and
importance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy, essential newborn protocol, and advantages of breastfeeding to
have a harmonious relationship in a family.
What I Need to Know
This unit is designed for you to learn and understand the pregnancy related concerns, prenatal care, and
importance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy, essential newborn protocol, and advantages of breastfeeding to
have a harmonious relationship in a family.
OBJECTIVES꞉
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to꞉
1. Discusses various maternal health concerns (pre-during-post pregnancy).
H8FH-IIc-d-29
2. Discusses pregnancy-related concerns. H8FH-IIc-d-30
3. Explains the importance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy.H8FH-IIe-f-31
What I Know

Pre-test
Multiple choice
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it in your activity notebook.

1. The reproductive process wherein the male gamete and female gamete unite
to form a new single cell.
A. Fertilization B. Ovulation C. Implantation D. Gestation
___2. The fertilized egg develops into a baby in the _______.
A. Ovaries B. Fallopian tube C. Uterus D. Stomach
___3. The developing human is called ______.
A. Fetus B. Zygote C. Baby D. Embryo
___4. The developing human is fed in the woman’s womb through.
A. Mammary gland B. Placenta C. Uterus D. Bladder
___5. The place of pregnancy that starts from week 13 to 27.
A. First trimester B. Second Trimester
C. Third Trimester D. Second and third trimester
___6. The phase of pregnancy that lasts from week to birth
A. First trimester C. Third Trimester
B. Second Trimester D. Second and third trimester
___7. The process of birth wherein the doctor removes the baby from the womb.
A. Ceasarian section C. Surgical operation
B. Normal delivery D. Painless Delivery
___8. The behavioural development of a healthy baby wherein he/she learns to
vocalize and controls movement of the head.
A. 0-1 month B. 4-5 months C. 6-7 months D. 2-3 months
___9. The best and ideal form of infant feeding is through _______.
A. Breastfeeding B. Bottle feeding C. Mix feeding D. All of the above
----10. Lactation is the period of milk production initiated by what hormone in the
mammary gland?
A. Progesterone B. Estrogen C. Prolactin D. None of the above
 LESSON 3: PREGNANCY-RELATED CONCERNS AND PRE-NATAL CARE

What’s In
Choosing a lifetime partner involves some processes; like crushes, courtship, dating and engagement
are practiced and exercised. Dating leads to the development of intimacy between couples. Dating is helpful in
developing healthy relationship. Dating provides a quality time to know the person better.
The union of man and woman is given dignity by the sacrament of matrimony. Marriage is a promise, a
covenant to keep partnership for life not only for the sake of staying together but more for the growth and good
of each other and for responsible rearing of children.
Couples should be strongly united and focused not only to each other but also practice responsible
parenthood. In this kind of reproduction, the reproductive cells of man and woman
Join together to make a new human cell. And so, pregnancy occur and a normal pregnancy generally lasts
until 9 months or 38 to 40 weeks.
What I Need to Know
After marriage, a couple’s desire is to build a family. Humans are reproduced through sexual
reproduction. In this kind of reproduction, the reproductive cells of man and woman join together to make a
new human cell. This process is called fertilization.
Pregnancy is the time when a new cell is formed during fertilization, grows and develops into a baby in
the woman’s uterus. From the time that the ovum and the sperm cell unite until the end of the eight week, the
developing human is called embryo. From the eight week until birth, the developing human is called the fetus.
A normal pregnancy generally lasts until 9 months or 38-40 weeks.
What’s New
A New Beginning

After marriage, a couple’s desire is to build a family. Humans are reproduced through sexual
reproduction. In this kind of reproduction, the reproductive cells of man and woman join together to make a
new human cell. This process is called fertilization.
Fertilization is a reproductive process wherein half of the genes of the father and mother combine to
form a single cell; the new cell then divides and forms more cells. This ball of cells enters the uterus and
attaches itself to the uterine wall. The attachment of the developing cells to the uterus is called implantation.
Pregnancy is the time when a new cell is formed during fertilization, grows and develops into a baby in
the woman’s uterus. From the time that the ovum and the sperm cell unite until the end of the eight week, the
developing human is called embryo.

Teenage Pregnancy (Mccoy and Wibbelsman, 1992-235-236)

An unplanned and unwanted pregnancy can cause emotional anguish, possible health rsiks, and in
ome cases, limited life options. Teenage pregnancies are premature because they occur in mothers who
maybe too young and / or immature to care for a child adequately. In such cases, the mother may be so young
endangering pregnancy.

Consider this statistics>

1. Teens at 15 and younger face a 60% higher risk of death during pregnancy and child birth than young
mothers at the age of 20.
2. Babies born too young teenage mothers are two to three times more likely to die during their first year
than babies born to older mothers.
3. Teen mothers are twice more likely to have low birth weight infants (at risk of physical and mental
defects as well as increased risk of dying).
4. Seventy percent (70%) of teen mothers get no medical care at all during critical first months of
pregnancy and 25% get no prenatal care at all. This is specifically dangerous because, while a teen
may be able to conceive a baby, her body may not be quite ready for the stresses of pregnancy and
child birth. Thus, she is at higher risk for complications like high blood pressure, toxemia, prolonged
and difficult labor, more vaginal lacerations during childbirth, and more after-delivery complications and
infections.
5. Even with good prenatal care, teenage mothers are more likely to have premature labor and to deliver
low birth-weight babies.
6. Young teen mothers are likely to drop out of school and face high risk of unemployment, poverty, and
dependence on parents.
7. If they marry due to pregnancy, their risk of break up, or separation is high.
 8. The young mother is more likely to be angered and disillusioned by her baby’s demands and may
become an abusive parent. Each mother is a distinct individual. Some young women make wonderful
mothers and manage to build satisfying lives for themselves. Unfortunately, these tend to be the
minority. Chances are young pregnancy is a problem for the pregnant teenager and her family.
Changes in the Mother’s Body

During pregnancy, a woman’s body undergoes many changes. As soon as implantation happens, the
mother’s uterus releases special hormones, which is only released by the woman’s body during pregnancy.
Some of the hormones produced by the pregnant woman’s body makes her nauseated, this situation is
called “morning sickness” and usually last for 3 months.
The same hormones make the woman’s breast enlarge and prepare to produce milk.
Over the 9-month period, the woman’s uterus stretches to hold a full-sized newborn baby. This
stretching makes her abdomen get larger. A pregnant woman also experiences swelling of legs, difficulty in
sleeping, restlessness, and irritability as the fetus gets larger. Many woman, feel clumsy or uncomfortable too
because of the changes that taking place.

Nourishing the Baby

Almost everything that goes into the mother’s body enters her bloodstream and goes to the placenta.
The placenta is an organ that grows in the woman’s uterus during pregnancy and allows nutrients, gases, and
wastes to be exchanged between the mother and the fetus.
The mother’s blood circulates on one side of the placenta, while the fetus blood circulates on the other
side. Nutrients, fluids, and oxygen flow through the membrane from the mother to the fetus. Waste products
and carbon dioxide flow across the placenta from the fetus to the mother.
During pregnancy, the fetus gets its nutrition from food the mother eats. To ensure the health of the
fetus, the mother needs to eat healthy foods and take special vitamins. She should get regular medical check-
ups to protect her health and the health of the growing fetus.

Normal physical changes and symptoms throughout pregnancy

Although they can range from mild to severe, the following conditions are common during pregnancy:
 Fatigue
 Morning sickness
 Sleep problems
 Breast changes
 Heartburn
 Changes in vaginal discharge. A thin, milky-white discharge (leukorrhea) is normal
throughout pregnancy. Also, the tissue lining of the vagina becomes
thicker and less sensitive during
pregnancy.
 Nosebleeds and bleeding gums
 Hemorrhoids and constipation
 Varicose veins
 Hair changes
 Stretch marks, itchiness, and other skin
changes
 Leg cramps
 Back pain and sciatica
 Pelvic ache and hip pain
Hand pain, numbness, or weakness (carpal
tunnel syndrome)

Phases of pregnancy
The first trimester of pregnancy lasts from week
1 through week 12. Your first sign of pregnancy
may be a missed menstrual period.
The second trimester of pregnancy (from week
13 to week 27) is the time when most women
start to look pregnant and may begin to wear maternity clothes. By 16 weeks, the top of your uterus, called the
fundus, will be about halfway between your pubic bone and your navel. By 27 weeks, the fundus will be about
2 in. (5 cm) or more above your navel.
You may find that the second trimester is the easiest part of pregnancy.
For some women, the breast tenderness, morning sickness, and fatigue of the first trimester ease up or
disappear during the second trimester, while the physical discomforts of late pregnancy have yet to start.
Pressure on your bladder may be less as the uterus grows up out of the pelvis. The third trimester lasts
from week 28 to the birth. Many women have some discomfort during this time as their belly gets bigger. Sleep
problems are common during this period
Complications of Pregnancy

BIRTH
The passage of a baby from its mother’s uterus to the outside of her body is called birth. During birth,
the uterus contracts many times and pushes the baby through the vagina and outside the mother’s body.
Labor is the process that lasts from the time contractions starts until the delivery of the child and the
placenta. Labor lasts a different amount of time for every woman and every pregnancy.
There are three distinct stages of labor:
1st Stage – Begins with the first contraction and last until the cervix has opened enough to allow the baby to
pass through. Contraction happens every few minutes and lasts a minute.
2nd Stage – Starts when the cervix is completely open and lasts until the baby is delivered. During this period,
contraction happens every 2-3 minutes. After the baby is born, the doctor cuts the umbilical cord. Healthy
babies breathe and cry almost immediately.
3rd Stage – This is the final stage of labor. It is when the placenta is delivered. In this stage, the mother’s
uterine contractions push the placenta or “afterbirths” out of her body. At this time, the birth is completed.
In some cases, doctors have to deliver a baby by a caesarian section (CS). In this procedure, the doctor
surgically removes the baby and the placenta from the mother’s uterus. Cases like this happen when the
mother cannot or is not capable of delivering a normal childbirth.
 Toxemia
 First trimester of pregnancy lasts from week 1 through week 12
 Fatigue
 Hair changes
 The placenta is an organ that grows in the woman's uterus during pregnancy and allows nutrients,
gases, and wastes to be exchanged between the mother and the fetus.
 Some of the hormones produced by the pregnant woman’s body makes her nauseated, this situation is
called “morning sickness” and usually last for 3 months.
 For some women, the breast tenderness, morning sickness, and fatigue of the first trimester ease up or
disappear during the second trimester, while the physical discomforts of late pregnancy have yet to
start.
 Pressure on your bladder may be less as the uterus grows up out of the pelvis. The third trimester lasts
from week 28 to the birth. Many women have some discomfort during this time as their belly gets
bigger. Sleep problems are common during this period.
 During pregnancy, the fetus gets its nutrition from food the mother eats. To ensure the health of the
fetus, the mother needs to eat healthy foods and take special vitamins. She should get regular medical
check-ups to protect her health and the health of the growing fetus.
 Braxton Hicks contractions, which are "warm-up" contractions that do not thin and open the cervix (do
not lead to labor)

Activity 1: Know it!

 Direction: Identify the given information above the box or column, if it is Changes in mother's body,
Normal Physical Changes, Nourishing the baby, Phases of pregnancy and Complication of Pregnancy. Write it
in their respective column or box.

Selection:
 Fatigue
 The fetus get its nutrition from food the mother eats
 First trimester
 Anemia
 Hair changes
 Second and third trimester
 Toxemia
 Breast enlarge and prepare to produce milk
 Morning sickness
 The mother needs to eat healthy food and take special vitamins
Changes in mother's Normal Physical Nourishing the Phases of Complication of
body Changes baby Pregnancy Pregnancy

1. 1. 1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2. 2. 2.

Activity 2: Name It!

Direction: Identify the stages of labor. Write 1st if it is in the first stage, 2nd if it is Second stage, and 3rd
if it is in Third stage. Write your answer on the space provided before each number.
1. Begins with the first contraction and last until the cervix has opened enough to allow
the baby to pass through..
2. Contraction happens every few minutes and lasts a minute.
3. Starts when the cervix is completely open and lasts until the baby is delivered.
4. After the baby is born, the doctor cuts the umbilical cord. Healthy babies breathe and
cry almost immediately.
5. This is the final stage of labor.
6. It is when the placenta is delivered.
7. The mother’s uterine contractions push the placenta or “afterbirths” out of her body.
8. The birth is completed.
9. During this period, contraction happens every 2-3 minutes.
10. Healthy babies almost cries out.
What is It
How to take care of a pregnant woman:
Pregnant woman should be taken care of properly by doing the following:
- Accompany a pregnant woman in a daily exercise for motivation.
- Give fruits, vegetables, and lots of water.
- Listening to music gives a pregnant woman as well as the baby in her womb relaxation.
- Let her sleep on her left side.
- Go together with a pregnant woman during check-ups.
Mother’s role during and after pregnancy:
 Avoid vices such as smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages.
 Avoid stressful activities.
 See to it that she gets the necessary pre-natal and post-natal check-up.
 Do exercises like walking, yoga, etc.
 Eat nutritious food.
Father’s role during and after the pregnancy of the wife:
 See to it that the mother gets the necessary pre-natal and post-natal check-up.
 He must take care of the mother and the baby.
 He should see to it that the necessary immunizations as scheduled are strictly
followed.
 He should provide healthy diet meals for the mother and the child.
Importance of Maternal Nutrition
 Maternal nutritional status affects the offspring’s health development significantly during early
embryogenesis, pregnancy, birth and lactation, and subsequently determines health during growth and even
throughout adulthood. On the other end of the human lifetime scale, the importance of maternal nutrition
expands into the time period before conception:
Pre-conception nutritional status not only influences fertility, but also embryogenesis and life-long
health. Predisposition for coronary heart diseases, type-2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension can be caused
by intrauterine adaptations to fetal malnutrition. Hence, optimizing nutrition for women during their reproductive
period can be expected to have a great impact on the well-being of the next generation.

What’s More
Activity 3: Feed Me
When women are pregnant, they need to be very conscious of the food they eat and what they drink
and the activities they engage in because more food, drinks and activities may harm the child they are
carrying.
Direction:The following is a list of actions performed during pregnancy. If the action mentioned is
something that a pregnant women should avoid, put X on the space provided. If the activity is something that
would be good for a pregnant woman, put a /. Write your answer on the space provide after each number.

1. drinking alcohol ______

2. drinking milk ______
3. dyeing hair ______
4. cleaning the cat’s litter box ______
5. drinking water ______
6. eating varieties of fruits and vegetables ______
7. smoking cigarette’s ______
8. sitting in a sauna, steam room, or hot tub ______
9. eating uncooked meat ______
10. taking vitamin B (folic acid) daily ______
11. taking over-the-counter drugs ______
12. having an x-ray ______
13. drinking coffee ______
14. going for walks ______
15. eating sweets and junk foods ______

What I can do

Activity 6: I am different!
Direction: Give at least five (5) differences of pregnancy concerns to pre-natal care. Write it inside the
box.

DIFFERENCES
PREGNANCY CONCERNS PRE-NATAL CARE

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.