AND

TECHNOLOGY
DEOARTEMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND
CoTM
COURSE NAME =
RESIDENCE / VILLA
LITRATURE,
INTERNATIONAL AND
LOCAL CASE
STUDIES
 INTRODUCTION

this literature tels about small hint in resdential building so, a residential
building is one or more family dwellings, lodging or boarding houses, hostels,
dormitories, apartment houses, flats, and private garages in which sleeping accommodation
is provided for conventional residential purposes, with or without kitchen or dining
facilities. and also many types of resdenrial building those are; individual
houses or private dwellings ,lodging or rooming houses, dormitories ,apartments, hotels &
condominiums so on additionaly there are numbers of site selection for
residential buildings for instance building purpose, excellent neighborhood, facilities
available, laws of government, shape & size, terrain condition, type of ground soil, light &
air natural, environmental condition, aspects legal & service.

as an architect we must know the principles of architecture they are

mostely known as; functional planning structural durability, essential
service, outward appearance i.e. aesthetic value & economy. basicaly
there are main elements of planning

residential buildings the most comman elements are: living area

Sleeping area

Service area
Other area
The living room is a comfortable and central location for family members to sit. It also serves as a
reception area for important occasions. The location should be in the center of the building, close to the
entry foyer and eating area. It must be well-lit and well-ventilated. THE Sleeping area It should be
situated in such a manner that it is properly ventilated while also providing seclusion. Preferably on the
building’s sides, with at least one wall exposed for optimum ventilation and illumination. It should also
be placed on the prevailing wind’s side and get enough natural light. The minimum window area to floor
area ratio should be 1:10. THE Service area This area is used for daily services like cooking, eating,

cleaning, bathing etc. kitchens, dining room, bath rooms,

W.C’s and toilets from this area. Verandah, passages, galleries,

corridors, foyers, porches, staircases come under THE Other areas. WHEN WE START DEVELOP
PLANNING OF RESDENTIAL BUILDING WE MUST TO KNOW THE FOOLWING PRINCIPLES THEY ARE :
orientation- aspects and prospects, Privacy, Grouping, circulation, sanitation, flexibility AND SO ON

What is a Residential Building?

A residential building is defined as the building which provides

more than half of its floor area for dwelling purposes. In other words,
residential building provides sleeping accommodation with or without
cooking or dining or both facilities.

Types of Residential Buildings

Residential buildings are divided into following types:
1 private OR dwellings

2 Lodging or rooming houses

3 Dormitories

4 Apartments Individual

5 Hotels

6 Condominiums
1. Individual houses or Private dwellings

 Individual houses or private dwellings are generally owned by members of a single family
only. If more than one family residing in that building then it is called as multiple family
private dwelling.

2. Lodging or Rooming Houses

 Lodging or rooming houses are multiple or group of buildings which come under one
management. In this case, Accommodation is provided for separately for different
individuals on temporary or permanent basis.

3. Dormitories
 Dormitories are another type of residential buildings, in which sleeping accommodation is
provided together for different individuals. School hostels, military barracks come under this
category.

4. Apartments

 Apartments or flats are big buildings which consists separate dwellings for
different families. Apartment will resides minimum three or more families
living independently of each other.

5. Hotels
 Hotels are just like lodging houses and also managed by single management but they
provide accommodation primarily on temporary basis. inns, motels etc come under this
category.

6. Condominiums
  Condominiums are individual units that are part of a bigger complex or community.
Condos usually share a wall or two with other apartments and are subject to homeowners’
associations, which charge monthly or yearly dues. They’re popular in high-density
metropolitan areas with lots of restaurants and businesses.

Site Selection for Residential Buildings

1. Building Purpose

This is the most critical thing to consider before purchasing or choosing a home site. The site
should be chosen with the overall scope or purpose of the building in mind, as well as the
amount or privacy required.

2. Excellent Neighborhood

The site should be located in an area that is either completely developed or rapidly developing. To
ensure comfortable living conditions, it is generally preferable to live in a neighborhood where the
neighbors are of equal social standing and are social and friendly.

3. Facilities Available

 Serving in the community

 Services related to utilities

 Amenities

 Facilities for shopping

 Transportation modes

4. Laws of Government

A site inside the confines of an area where the local authority’s by-laws enforce restrictions on the
proportions of plots to be built up, vacant spaces to be left in front and sides, building heights, and
so on, should be favoured.
5 Shape & Size

 The plot area should be designed to satisfy the owner’s

requirements and preferably with potential future additions,
taking into account the limits of the local authorities. The site
should not be shaped irregularly or sharply.
6 Terrain Condition

 This location should be located on an elevated spot and evenly sloped to provide for good,
fast drainage of rain water from one end to the other.

 The site’s ground soil should be sufficient for the desired structure to be economically based
without causes and concerns. In general, rock, sand, or dense soil less than 60 to 120 cm of
light soil, or black cotton soil, should be on the site for most satisfactory constructions.

8 Light & Air Natural

The site should be located so that natural light and air are not obstructed.

9 Environmental Condition

 The place should be available in a town that creates good living and working conditions
through natural beauty and the environment. The environment is also affected by the
nearest manufacturing plants, kilns, etc.

10 Aspects Legal & Service

 Before purchasing a parcel, appropriate consideration should be given to the legal and financial
elements which define ownership rights and the costs.

PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURE
A house, as far as possible, must satisfy the day to day needs of it occupants. It should provide a
comfortable living and protection from weather and seasons.
The following principlesof architecture are followed to achieve this.
2. Structural durability

3. Essential service

4. Outward appearance i.e. aesthetic value

5. Economy

1. Functional planning
1. Functional Planning

The best utilization of spaces according to needs is aimed at

while planning a building. Form follow function is used. Thus it

is important that the purpose for which a building is to be used

is determined first. Normally buildings serve as residential,

educational factories, offices, hospitals, market, recreational

places etc. Thus function forms the shape and planning of the

building.
2. Structural Durability

A building is required to be durable and strong. It is the job of

a structural engineer to decide the types of construction to be

adopted. A building can be made with load bearing walls,

reinforced cement concrete, steel or wooden depending up on

it’s structural durability.

3. Essential Services

 Sanitary, water, electricity, air conditioner and sound

insulation fittings from the essential services of a building.

Provision is thus made to accommodate these services with

out causing any loss to the utility of the building.

4. Outward Appearanc
eEfforts are made to make a building look beautiful and lively.
It is so designed that it suits to its surroundings.
5. Economy
 A building is always planned and designed as an economical

structure. To ascertain this estimate of quantities are worked

out and abstract of cost prepared. Cost of a building can be

kept with in the given budget by adopting the following remedies.

i. Size of the building be reduced

ii. Specifications may be changed

iii. Construction work may be done in phases

iv. Services may be kept to the minimum utility limit

BASIC ELEMENTS OF PLANNING
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

A residential building has the following places

of activities.

♦ Living area

♦ Sleeping area

♦ Service area

♦ Other area (i.e. circulation area, drawing room)-

depending up on the profession of the inhabitations

1. Living area
  living or drawing rooms or lounges are the

main places in a residential building where family members

and friends meet, sit, relax and entertain. Such a room is

well ventilated, lighted and located near the entrance. Its

area varies from 16 to 32 m2. Following points are kept in

mind while planning it.

♦ This area is provided near the main entrance with a

verandah

♦ It is directly connected to the bed, bath rooms and

W.C by passages

♦ It is near the dinning room or dining area may be a

part of this area

♦ It is spacious so that furniture can be properly placed

leaving some area for circulation

♦ It has sufficient windows so that surrounding

landscape can be fully viewed and enjoyed

1.SLEEPING AREA
  This area is provided for sleeping and relaxing. Bed rooms of

all types come under this area. These rooms have attached

bath and W.C’s. Area of these rooms varies from 10 to 20 m2.

These rooms are large enough so as to allow space for beds,

cup boards, writing table and chair. Sometimes space is

provided for dressing and make up. Windows are placed on

North-West or south west directions. These rooms are placed

on North or south-West directions so as to receive in direct

sun-light.
 Service Area
 This area is used for daily services like cooking, eating,cleaning, bathing etc. kitchens,
dining room, bath rooms,W.C’s and toilets from this area. Spaces provided for boilers,
washing and drying machines, air conditioning are alsocovered by service areas.
♦ Kitchen
  It is the area where cooking is done. It

preferably has Eastern or North-Eastern location.

Windows are so placed that a house wife can see the

main entrance and also supervise the playing

children. Standing working areas in kitchen are

preferred. Working shelves, washing sink and cooking

ranges are placed at 700 to 800 mm. high from floor

level. Walls, shelves and skirting are provided with a

glazed finish.
♦ Dinning
  It has kitchen on one side and living area on

the other. Kitchen activities should not be visible from

this area. This area is made ventilated and airy. It is

sufficiently big so that refrigerator, freezer, cup word

and cutlery drawers can be accommodated in addition

to dinning table and chairs. Service or hatch window

is provided between this area and kitchen.

♦ Bath and W.C’s:

These areas are attached to bed

rooms with one wall preferably exposed to weather.

The flooring and walls are given a glazy finish. High

level window or windows with grounded glasses are

provided so as to maintain privacy. If needed an

exhaust fan can also be provided in these areas.

4.Other areas
Verandah, passages, galleries,corridors, foyers, porches, staircases come under these areas.
For free circulation in the building these are placed. Prayer room study or hobby room, garage
and a storage place can also be covered under these

areas. A public man, a lawyer, a doctor, a professor

needs a separate room in his residential place for

carrying out his professional obligations.

The placing of these areas with respect to their utility and

functionality is termed as planning. The over all placing of

rooms, position of rooms, and position of windows, ventilators

and doors with respect to north line is called orientation.

♦ Verandah
A RAISED, COVERD, SOMETIMES PARTLY CLOSED AREA, OFTEN MADE OF WOOD, ON THE
FRONT OR SIDE OF THE BUILDING.
♦ foyers

 Inside the main doors of a building such as a theatre , cinema, or hotel.

the foyer is the largest area where people meet or wait just the foyer is the largest area where
people meet or wait just inside the main doors of a building such as a theatre , cinema, or hotel.

Stair case
  a set of stairs inside a building, usually with a bar fixed on the wall or onto vertical poles at
the side for you to hold on to.
PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING OF
RESIDENTIAL BULIDINGS

Before planning a residential building, the site is visited, local

building by- laws are studied and a line plan is prepared.

While preparing the line plan, the e following principles of practical conveniences are followed.

1. orientation- aspects and prospects

2. Privacy
3. Grouping

4. circulation

5. sanitation

6. flexibility

7. elegance

8. land SCAPING

9. Economy.

1. Orientation
proper orientation means setting or placing

of the rooms of the residential building which allow the

inmates of the house to enjoy the utmost whatever are

good and to avoid whatever is bad in respect of comforts

in the elements of nature such as the sun, wind, and rain.

Good orientation means placement of rooms in relation to

sun, wind, rain, topography and out look and at the same

time providing a convenient access both to the courtyard,

compound or street.

To protect the main rooms from the effect of heat of the

sun, they should always be on east or north. Activities in a

house take place at different times of the day, thus one

needs sun shine in the morning and cool after noon in the

kitchen. So a kitchen is planned with main windows fixed

towards east. It is better to place the kitchen facing east.

Living rooms have some windows towards east and a few

towards north. Bed rooms are placed in the north, West or

south west direction. Verandahs are provided towards

East and west to protect rooms from the effect of intense

heat of the sun.

2. Privacy
Privacy is of two kinds:

i. Privacy inside the house between different rooms. it

can be achieved by proper placing of passages, doors

and windows. Privacy is mainly desired in bed rooms,

bath rooms, W. C's and toilets. Screens or raised

windows can also help in achieving in door privacy.

ii. Privacy of the whole house from the highways and

streets. It is achieved by providing compound walls,

trees, high sill-level windows or raised plinths.

3. Grouping

placing of the rooms adjacent to each other

with respect to their relative utility is called Grouping. Bath,

W.C’s are close to bed rooms. Dining space may be close

to a kitchen. Drawing, lounge or living rooms are preferably

be near to the entrance.

4. Circulation

Horizontal circulation is achieved by

passages, lobbies, corridors, and lounges. Vertical

circulation is achieved by stairs or' stepped terracing or

lifts.

5. Sanitation

Good sanitation means the proper drainage of

sewage. To achieve this, house is built on elevated

grounds. A house should be free from stagnated waters.

Windows, doors and ventilators are so placed that natural

light and fresh air are available in all the rooms through out

the day. Windows are placed on opposite walls to create cross ventilation. Small sized windows are
normally used

in areas where hot and dry weather remains most of the

time.

Flexibility

It is a provision which allows the same space

to be used for some other purposes. Dining space

attached to the drawing room and an additional verandah

with large windows can allow these areas to be converted

into a hall. Even a good terrace on a compact combination

on of different rooms can allow such congregations

.
6. Elegance
The out ward appealing look which allows the

building to diffuse into the adjoining environment is termed

elegance. Balconies, Verandahs, Sunshades, porches etc.

can enhance elegance if properly placed and planned.

Circular or arched openings spanning the verandah, doors

and window openings have again come in to use they add

to the elegance and break the monotony of present day

stereo- typed buildings.

 7. Land scaping

The space around the building may be

suitably covered with greenery and plants. Green foliage

and shrubs provide a hygienic and healthy atmosphere in

addition to keeping the place cool and refreshing.

8. Economy

The cost of the building should be with in the

economical reach of the builder. All spaces of activities are

grouped together by means of passage, lobby, staircase

etc. These areas should be minimum but purposely and well ventilated. Planning is only an art not a
science and

hence it needs proper utilization of many facilities of

building. The basic criteria of Form Follows Function be

adhered t
Types of Room Build in a Residential Building
Here, the very types of room sizes are as follows.

Foyer

Living Room

Dining Room

Kitchen

Store Room

Pantry

Bath Room

Master Bedroom

Master Bathroom

Guest Bed Room

Guest Bathroom

1. Foyer

The following are the suggested measurements for foyers of various sizes

Large : 2.44 m x 4.57 m

Medium : 2.44 m x 3.05 m

Small : 1.83 m × 1.83 m

2. Living Room

The following are the recommended measurements for living rooms of various
sizes
 Large: 6.71 m × 8.53 m

 Medium: 4.88 m × 6.01 m

 Small: 3.66 m × 5.49 m

  Very Small: 3.05 m × 3.66 m

3 Dining Room
The following are the suggested standard dimensions for dining rooms of various sizes

Large: 4.26 m x 5.48 m

Medium: 3.65 m x 4.87 m

Small: 3.05 m x 3.66 m

Very Small: 3.05 m x 2.44 m

3. Kitchen
The following are the suggested standard kitchen dimensions for various sizes:

Large: 3.65 m x 6.09 m

Medium: 3.05 m x 4.87 m

Small: 3.05 m X 2.44 m

Very Small: 2.13 m X 2.75 m

4. Store Room

The following are the suggested dimensions of various types of storage rooms:
 Large: 3.65 m x 4.26 m

 Medium: 2.44 m x 3.05 m

 Small: 1.52 m X 1.83 m

5. Pantry

The following are the suggested standard dimensions for pantries of various sizes:
 Large: 1.22 m x 1.83 m

 Medium: 0.91 m x 1.22 m

 Small: 0.61 m x 0.61 m

 6. Bath Room
The following are the suggested measurements for a typical bathroom of various sizes:

 Large: 2.13 m × 3.66 m

 Medium: 1.83 m × 3.05 m

 Small: 1.52 m × 2.75 m

 Very Small: 1.06 m × 1.98 m

7. Master Bedroom

The following are the suggested measurements for master bedrooms of various
sizes:
 Large: 4.87 m x 7.31 m

 Medium: 4.26 m x 6.10 m

 Small: 3.65 m x 4.26 m

 Very Small: 3.35 m x3.65 m

8. Master Bathroom

The following are the suggested standard measurements for master bathrooms of various
sizes:
 Large: 3.05 m x 4.87 m

 Medium: 2.44 m x 3.65 m

 Small: 1.83 m x 2.74 m

 Very Small: 1.98 m x 2.43 m

9. Guest Bedroom
The following are the suggested measurements for guest bedrooms of various sizes:
 Small: 3.05 m x 4.27 m

 Large: 4.27 m x 5.49 m

 Medium: 3.65 m x 4.27 m

 Very Small: 2.9 m x 3.65 m

10. Guest Bathroom

The following are the suggested standard measurements for a

guest bathroom of various sizes are:
 Large: 2.14 m x 3.65 m

 Medium: 1.83 m x 3.04 m

 Small: 1.52 m x 2.74 m

 Very Small: 1.2 m x 2.44 m