CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The proposed structure is an Analysis of building consists of single floors.

The building has corridors and staircase lobby. Building consist one hall, one
kitchen, one bed room, one master bed room without attach toilet, one pooja room,
one dinner room and common toilet, balcony for bed room, kitchen, and hall

Stair cases are located on corner west side of the building. This building
consists of one bore well with 150 feet depth, one water sump with the capacity of
8000 lit and one common septic tank with the capacity of 9000 lit. The building is
closed with common compound wall and fixed with one steel gate.

The structure is analyzed as a space frame considering the frame to be

consisting of RCC beams and columns, using STAAD-Pro software. This software
is based on the finite element method.

A feature of the software is a graphical user interface and provided the page
control concept. It provided the facility of input command file interface to develop
or modify the model.

This project is planned to complete twelve month period of time including

all the job and snag list item getting from owner of the building. As per the
contract twelve month period of time.

1
 CHAPTER 2

PROJECT DETAILS

NAME OF THE PROJECT DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL

BUILDING

CLIENT MURUGAN.N

ENGINEER Er.M.NEDUMARAN

STRUCTURAL CONSULTANT MARAN CONSTRUCTION

DESIGN AND EXECUTION OF

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
TITLE OF THE PROJECT KAMBARASAMPETTAI TOWN
PANCHAYAT

62A, WARD NO: 13,

VELLANDURAI ST,
LOCATION OF SITE KAMBARASAMPETTAII,
SRIRANGAM (TK),
TRICHY (DT)

DURATION OF WORK 12 MONTH

NO.OF FLOORS G+1

PLOT AREA 1296 Sq.ft

GROUND FLOOR 455 Sq.ft

FIRST FLOOR 455 Sq.ft

TOTAL AREA 910 Sq.ft

TOTAL COST 20 Lakhs

2
 CHAPTER 3

DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKS

This training work was undergone for a period of month (01-Feb-2019 to

15-Feb-2019) with the aim of understanding the construction procedure and site
management of various sites carried out by MARAN CONSTRUCTION in Trichy
district.

3.1 The various works done during the period are:

Cost of the work

Study the plan and documents

Marking work

Framing work

Brick work

Sill work

Lintel work

Concrete work

3
 CHAPTER 4

4.1 DEMAND OF HOUSES

The house is the first unit of the society and it is the primary unit of human
habitation. The house is built to grant the protection against wind, weathers, and to
give insurance against physical insecurity of all kinds. The special features of the
demand for housing consist of in its unique nature and depend on the following
factors.

 Availability of cheap finance.

 Availability of skilled labors.
 Availability of transport facility.
 Cost of labors & material of construction.
 Predictions of future demand.
 Rate of interest on investment e.g., low rates of interest with facilities of
long term payment may facilities investment in housing.
 Rate of population growth and urbanization.
 Supply of development plots at reasonable prices.
 Taxation policy on real estates.
 Town planning & environment conditions.

4
4.2 CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS BASED ON OCCUPANCY

GROUP-A RESIDENSIAL BUILDINGS

GROUP-B EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS

GROUP-C INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS

GROUP-D ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS

GROUP-E BUSINESS BUILDINGS

GROUP-F MERCANTILE BUILDINGS

GROUP-G INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

GROUP-H STORAGE BUILDINGS

GROUP-I HAZARDOUS BUILINGS

RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

These building include any building in which sleeping accommodation

provide for normal residential purposes, with or without cooking and dining
facilities. It includes single or multi-family dwellings, apartment houses, lodgings
or rooming houses, restaurants, hostels, dormitories and residential hostels.

EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS

These include any building used for school, college or day-care purpose
involving assembly for instruction, education or recreation and which is not
covered by assembly buildings.

5
INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS

These building are used for different purpose, such as medical or other
treatment or care of person suffering from physical or mental illness, diseases or
infirmity, care of infants, convalescents or aged person and for penal detention in
which the liberty of the inmates is restricted. Institutional building ordinarily
provide sleeping accommodation for the occupants.

ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS

These are the building where groups of people meet or gather for
amusement, recreation, social, religious, assembly hall, city halls, marriage halls,
exhibition hall, museums, place of work ship, etc.

BUSINESS BUILDING

These buildings are used for transaction of business, for keeping of accounts
and records and for similar propose, office, banks, professional establishments,
courts houses, libraries. The principal functions of these building is transaction of
public business and keeping of books and records.

MERCANTILE BUILDINGS

These buildings are used as shops, stores, markets, for displace and sales of
merchandise either wholesale or retail, office, storage, shop service facilities
incidental to the sales of merchandise and located in the same building.

INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

These are buildings where products or materials of all kinds and properties
are fabrication, assembled, manufactured or processed, as assembly plant,
laboratories, dry cleaning plant, power plant, pumping station, smoke houses,
laundries etc.

6
STORAGE BUILDINGS

These buildings are used primarily for the storage are sheltering of goods,
wares or merchandise vehicles and animals, as warehouses, cold storage, garages,
trucks.

HAZARDOUS BUILDINGS

These buildings are used for the storage, handling, manufacture or

processing of highly combustible or explosive materials or product which are liable
to burn with extreme rapidly and/or which may produce poisonous element for
storage handling, acids or other liquids or chemicals producing flames, fumes and
explosive, poisonous, irritant or corrosive gases processing of any material
producing explosive mixture of dust which result in the division of matter into fine
particles subjects to spontaneous ignition.

7
4.2 SELECTION OF PLOT AND STUDY

Selection of plot is very important for building a house. Site should be in

good place where there community but service is convenient but not so closed that
become a source of inconvenience or noisy. The conventional transportation is
important not only because of present need but for retention of property value in
future closely related to are transportation, shopping, facilities also necessary. One
should observe the road condition whether there is indication of future
development or not in case of undeveloped area.

The factor to be considered while selecting the building site are as follows:

 Access to park& play ground

 Agriculture polytonality of the land.
 Availability of public utility services, especially water, electricity & sewage
disposal.
 Contour of land in relation the building cost. Cost of land.
 Distance from places of work.
 Ease of drainage.
 Location with respect to school, college & public buildings.
 Nature of use of adjacent area.
 Transport facilities.
 Wind velocity and direction.

8
4.4 SURVEY OF THE SITE FOR PROPOSED BUILDING

Reconnaissance survey: the following has been observed during reconnaissance

survey of the site.

 Site is located nearly.

 The site is very clear planned without ably dry grass and other throne plats
over the entire area.
 No leveling is require since the land is must uniformly level.
 The ground is soft.
 Labor available near by the site.
 Houses are located near by the site.
 Detailed survey: the detailed survey has been done to determine the
boundaries of the required areas of the site with the help of theodolite and
compass.

4.5 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Requirement for residential accommodation are different for different

classes of people & depends on the income & status of the individual a highly rich
family with require a luxurious building, while a poor man we satisfied with a
single room house for even poor class family. A standard residential building of
bungalow type with has drawing room, dining room, office room, guest room,
kitchen room, store, pantry, dressing room, bath room, front verandah, stair etc.,
for other house the number of rooms may be reduced according to the requirements
of many available.

9
4.5.1 LIMITATION OF BUILT UP AREA

Area of plot up to 200sq.m (240sq.yd) ---- maximum permissible built up

area.

Ground and first ----- 60% of site area on floor only.

201 to 500sq.m (241 to 600sq.yd) ----- 50% of the site area.

501 to 1000sq.m (601 to 1200sq.yd) ----- 40% of the site area.

More than 1000sq.m ---- 33% of the site area.

4.5.2 MINIMUM FLOOR AREA & HEIGHT OF ROOM

FLOOR AREA HEIGHT (m)

LIVING 10sqm (100sqft)

(breadth min 2.7m or 9’) 3.3 (11’)

KITCHEN 6sqm (60sqft) 3.0 (10’)

BATH 2sqm (20sqft) 2.7 (9’)

LATRINE 1.6sqm (16sqft) 2.7 (9’)

BATH & WATER CLOSET 3.6sqm (36sqft) 2.7 (9’)

SERVANT ROOM 10sqm (100sqft) 3.0 (10’)

GARAGE 2.5*4.8m (8’*16’) 3.0 (10’)

THICKNESS OF WALL 20cms to 30cms ----- (9’’ to 13.5’’)

DAMP PROOF COURSE 2cms to 2.5cms thick full width of (3/4’’ to 1’’)

plinth wall

10
4.6 BUILDING BYE LAW & REGULATIONS

 Line of building frontage and minimum plot sizes.

 Open spaces around residential building.
 Minimum standard dimensions of building elements.
 Provisions for lighting and ventilation.
 Provisions for safety from explosion.
 Provisions for means of access.
 Provisions for drainage and sanitation.
 Provisions for safety of works against hazards.
 Requirements for off-street parking spaces.
 Requirements for land spacing.
 Special requirements for low income housing.
 Size of structural elements.

4.7 ARRANGEMENT OF ROOMS

 LIVING ROOM
 KITCHEN
 STORE ROOM
 BED ROOM
 OFFICE ROOM
 BATH & WC
 DRESSING ROOM
 VERANDAH
 STAIR CASE

11
LIVING ROOMS

This is the area is for general use. Hence the living & drawing room should
be planned near the entrance south east aspects. During colder day the sun is
towards the south & will receive sunshine which is a welcoming feature. During
summer sunshine the northern side & entry of sunrays from southern or south-east
aspects do not arise.

KITCHEN

Eastern aspects to admit morning sun to refresh & purity the air.

READING ROOM/CLASS ROOM

North aspects this makes more suitable since there will be no sun from north
side for most part of the year.

BED ROOM

Bed may also be provided with attaches toilets, there size depends upon the
number of beds, they should be located so as to give privacy & should
accommodate beds, chair, cupboard, etc., and they should have north or – west
south – west aspect.

BATH &W.C

Bath and w.c are usually combined in one room & attached to the bed room
and should be well finished.

12
VERANDAH

These should verandah in the front as well as in the rear. The front verandah
serves setting place foe male members & weighting place for visitors. The back
verandah serve a ladies apartment for there sitting, working controlling, kitchen
works etc., the area of a building may vary from 10% to 20% of the building.

STAIR CASE

This should be located in a easily accessible to all members of the family,

when this is intended for visitors it should be in the front, may be on one side of
verandah. It meant for family use only, the staircase should be placed the rear. The
stair case should be well ventilated & lighted the middle to make it easy &
comfortable to climb. Rises & threads should be uniform through to keep rhythm
while climbing or descending.

Some helping points regarding the orientation of a building are as follows:

 Long wall of the building should face north south, short wall should face.
 East and west because if the long walls are provided in east facing, the wall.
 A verandah or balcony can be provided towards east& west to keep the
rooms cool.
 To prevent sun’s rays & rain from entering a room through external doors &
windows. Sunshades are required in all direction.

13
ORIENTATION

After having selected the site, the next step is proper orientation of building.
Orientation means proper placement of rooms in relation to sun, wind, rain,
topography and outlook and at the same time providing a convenient access both to
the street and back yard.

The factors that effect orientation most are as follows:

 Solar heat
 Wind direction
 Humidity & rainfall
 Intensity of wind site condition
 Lightings and ventilation

SOLAR HEAT

Solar heat means sun’s heat, the building should receive maximum solar
radiation in winter and minimum in summer. For evaluation of solar radiation, it is
essential to know the duration of sunshine and hourly solar intensity on exposed
surfaces.

WIND DIRECTION

Winds in winter are avoided and are in summer, they are accepted in the
house to the maximum extent.

14
HUMIDITY

High humidity which is common phenomenon is in coastal areas, causes

perspiration, which is very uncomfortable condition from the human body and
causes more discomfort.

RAIN FALL

Direction and intensity of rainfall effects the drainage of the site and
building and hence, it is very important from orientation point of view.

INTENSITY OF WIND

Intensity of wind in hilly regions is high and as such window openings of

comparatively small size are recommended in such regions.

SITE CONDITIONS

Location of site in rural areas, suburban area or urban area also effects orientation,
sometimes to achieve maximum benefits, the building has to be oriented in a
particular direction.

LIGHTING

Good lighting is necessary for all building and three primary aims. The first
is to promote the work or other activities carried on within the building. The
second is to promote the safety of people using the buildings. The third is to
created, in conjunction to interest and of well beings.

15
VENTILATION

Ventilation may be defined as the supplying or removing air by natural or

mechanical mean or from any enclosed space to create and maintain comfortable
conditions. Operation of building and location windows helps in providing proper
ventilation. A sensation of comfort, reduction in humidity, removal of heat, supply
of oxygen are the basic requirements in ventilation apart from reduction of dust.

16
 CHAPTER 5

DESIGNS

DESIGN OF SLAB

DESIGN OF BEAM

DESIGN OF COLUMN

DESIGN OF FOOTING

5.1 DESIGN OF SLAB

Slab are to designed under limited state method by reference of IS456:2000.

 When the slab are supported are supported in two way direction it acts as
two way supported slab.
 A two way slab is economical compared to one way slab.

17
 DESIGN OF SLAB

Size of slab : 2.7m x 3.2m

Grade of steel : Fe 415

Grade of concrete : M20

Wall thickness : 0.23m

TYPE OF SLAB

Size of slab : 2.7m x 3.2m

ly/lx = 3.2/2.7 = 1.185 < 2

Hence it’s an two way simply supported slab.

DESIGN CONSTANT

Fy = 415

Fck = 20

From table D&E in SP-16

Qu = 2.759 Pt = 0.957 M.F = 1

From IS:456-2000 B.V = 25

THICKNESS OF SLAB

Eff-depth = Span/ BV x MF

= 2700/ 25 x 1

d pro = 108mm Ω 110mm

18
OVER ALL DEPTH

Assume 12mm Փ/2

D = d pro+ clear cover + Փ/2

= 110 + 15 + 10/2

D = 130mm

EFFECTIVE SPAN

Shorter span (lx)

1. Clear span + effective depth = 2.7 + 0.13 = 2.83m

2. c/c distance support + wall thick = 2.7 + 0.23 = 2.93m
(lx) eff = 2,93m

Longer span (ly)

1. clear span + effective depth = 3.2 + 0.110 = 3.31m

2. c/c distance support + wall thickness = 3.2 + 0.28 = 3.48m
leff (ly) = 3.31m

Take eff. Length for both direction (lx)leff = 2.93m

leff(ly) = 3.31m

LOAD CALCULATION

Consider 1m x 1m width of slab

Dead load

Self wt of slab = 0.130 x 25 = 3.25 KN/m2

Floor finish = 1 KN/m2

19
Live load

From table IS:876 Live load = 2KN/m2

Total dead load w = 5.25 + 1 = 6.25 KN/m2

Design dead load, wud = 6.25 x 1.5 = 9.375 KN/m2

Design live load, wul = 2 x 1.5 = 3 KN/m2

Design total load = 9.375 x 1.5= 14.5 KN/m2

DESIGN BENDING MOMENT

ly/lx = 6.1/4.764 = 1.28

∞x = 0.083 ∞y = 0.060

Mx = ∞xwu lx2

= 0.083 x 9.375 x 2.832

My = ∞ywu lx2

= 0.0607 x 9.375 x 2.832

My = 4.65 KNm

Maximum BM. Mu = 6.25 KNm

CHECK FOR DEPTH REQUIRED

𝑀𝑢
Dreq = √−( 𝑥 𝑏)
𝑄𝑢

= √(6.25 𝑥 102/ 2.759x1000)

Dreq = 70mm

20
COMPARE THE EFFECTIVE DEPTH

Dpro > dreq

70mm> 48mm

Hence safe in depth provided.

MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Shorter direction

Mulim = 0.87 fy Ast d (1 – Ast fy/fck bd)

30 x106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 110 (1 – Ast 415/20x1000x110)

Ast = 165mm2

Providing 12mm Փ of bars

Sv = (ast/Ast) x 1000 = 485mm

Not exceed: (i) 3d = 3x110 = 330mm (ii) 300mm

Hence to provide 10mm Փ bars@ 330mm c/c

Longer direction

Eff depth, d = 110 -10 =100mm

4.60 x106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 110 (1-Ast 415/20 x 1000 x 110)

Ast = 120mm

Providing 10mm Փbars

Sv = (ast/Ast) x 1000 = 654mm

Not exceed

i)3d = 3 x 110 = 330mm

ii)300mm

21
 Hence to provide 10mm Փ bars @ 330mm c/c

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS

Tv = Vu/bd

Vu = Wu lx/2 = 9.375 x 2.83/2 = 13.27KN

Vu = 13.27KN

Tv =13.27x103/1000 x 110

Tv = 0.12N/mm2

Permissible shear stress

From table 19 of IS:456

Tc has an minimum value of 0.28 N/mm2

For M20 grade concrete. Therefore k is always greater than 1

From table 20 of IS:456-2000 Tv<Ktc<0.5tcmax

0.12 <1x0.28 <0.5x2.8

0.12 <0.28 <1.400Hence the slab is safe is against shear

CURTAILMENT DETAILS

Alternate bars are curtailed

0.10lx = 0.10 x 4.764 = 0.476m

0.10ly = 0.10 x 6.1 = 0.61m

0.15lx = 0.15 x 4.764 = 0.715m

0.15ly = 0.15 x 6.1 = 0.915m

22
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

% Of Ast @ mid span = (ast/bd) x 1000 = 0.069%

Fs = 0.58 fy = 240.7N/mm2

M.F = 1.1 => from modification factor graph

Dreq = span/(BVxMF) = 4600/28x1.1 = 150mm

Dpro > dreq 130mm>110mm Hence safe

RESULT

o Depth of slab = 130mm

o Hence to provide an 10mm Փ bars @ 330mm c/c

o Hence to provide an 10mm Փ bars @ 330mm c/c

o Reinforcement details is shown in drawing

23
 DESIGN OF BEAM

GIVEN DATA

L = 3.7m

Spacing of beam = 3m

Df = 150mm

Q = 4 KN/m2

Fck = 20 N/mm2

Fy = 415 N/mm2

CROSS SECTION DIMENSIONS

Table 5.1

Span/depth = 20

Assuming

Width of rib = 300mm

Flange width = 3m

Width of flange is equal to = 300/300 = 0.1

Rduction factor = 0.8

Hence basic span/depth ratio = (20x0.8) = 16

d = (span/16) = (3700/16) = 231.25mm

d = d+40+(Փ/2)

Adopt overall depth D = 281.25mm

Clear cover = 40mm

24
 Hence the tee beam

d = 231.25mm

D = 281.25mm

Bw = 300mm

Df = 150mm

LOADS

Self weight of slab = (0.15x25x3) = 11.25 KN/m

Floor finish = (0.65x3) =1.80KN/m

Self weight of rib = (0.3x0.4x25) = 3KN/m

Plaster finishes = 0.45

Total dead load, g = 16.50 KN/m

Live load, q = 4.00 KN/m

Design ultimate load, Wu = 1.5x20.6

Wu = 30.75 KN/m

ULTIMATE MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE

Mu = (30.75 x 3.72)/(8) = 53 KNm

Vu = (30.75 x 3.7)/(2) = 56.88 KNm

EFFECTIVE WIDTH OF FLANGE

(1) bf = (( L0/6)+bw+6Df)
= ((3.7/6)+0.3+(6x0.15)) = 1.81m = 1810mm
(2) center of center ribs
= 3 – 0.3 = 2.7
bf = 1810mm

25
MOMENT CAPACITY OF FLANGE

Muf = 0.36 x fck x bf x Df ( d - 0.42Df ))

Muf = 0.36 x 20 x 1810 x 150 ( 231 - 0.42 x 150 ))

= 328.40 x 106 Nmm

Muf = 328 KNm

Mu < Muf, xu < Df

Hence the section is rectangular b = bf

REINFORCEMENT

53 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 231 (1-((415 x Ast)/(1810 x 231x 20)))

Ast = 659 mm2

Provide 4 no’s of 20mm dia bars

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

Tv = (Vu/(bw x d)) = (56.8 x 103/(300x231)) = 0.82

Pt = (100x Ast/ (bw x d)) = (100x 658.8/(300 x 231))

Refer table no 19 of IS:456

Tc = 0.56 N/mm2

BALANCE SHEAR = Vus = Vu –(Tcbwd)

= (56.88-(0.56x300x231)x10-3

= 20.56 KN

Using 8mm dia legged stirrups the spacing

Sv = (0.87 x 415 x 2 x 50 x 231/(20.56 x 103))

Sv = 410mm

Sv < 0.75d (or) 300mm

26
 < (0.75x231) = 173.25mm

Hence provided 8mm dia two legged stirrups at 300mm c/c

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION CONTROL

Pu = (100Ast/(bw x d))

= (100x659/(300x231)) = 0.95

bw/bf = 300/1810 = 0.16

kt = 2.00

kc = 1.00

kf = 0.80

(L/d)max = (L/d)basic x kt x kc x kf

= 16 x 2 x 1 x 0.8

= 25.6

(L/d)provided = 3500/500 = 7.4 < 25.6

Hence the deflection control is satisfied….

RESULT

Reinforcement details are shown in drawings

27
 RECTANGUALR COLUMN

Size = 0.30m × 0.40m

Load = 700KN

SOLUTION

Area of Column = 300×400= 120 ×102mm2

Ac = 120×102 mm2

Ac = 120 × 102mm2 –asc

P = 700KN

Pu = 700 × 1.5 = 1050 KN

STRENGTH OF COLUMN

1050×102 =0.4× 20 (120×103-asc) + 0.67 ×415 asc

Asc = 333mm2

Provide 6nos of 16mm dia bars

Ast provided = 1206 mm2

SPACING

 Longer side = (400-2×40-16) / 2 = 152mm<300 mm

 Shorter side = (300-2 ×40-16) = 204mm <300mm
TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT
1 1
1) × dia = × 16 = 4mm
4 4

Say 6mm

28
MAX PERMITTED PITCH

a) Least lateral dimension = 300 mm

b) 16 ×dia of main bar = 16×16 =256mm
c) 300mm
Provide 6mm dia bars @ 250 mm c/c
RESULT

Size of columns = 0.3× 0.4 m

Longitudinal bars = 6nos of 16 mm dia bars.

Lateral ties = 6mm dia bars @ 250 mm c/c

Reinforcement details is shown in drawing.

29
 RECTANGULAR FOOTING

GIVEN DATA

Axial load, Pu = 1250 mm

Breadth, b = 300mm Depth, D = 300 mm

Fck = 20 N/mm2 Fy = 415 N/mm2

SIZE OF FOOTING:

Load of column = 1250 KN

Self weight of footing (10%) = 1250 × (10/100) =125 KN

Total factored load, Wu = 1375 KN

Footing Area = ((1375)/(1.5× 160)) = 5.72 m2

Proportion the footing area in the same proportion as of the column.

Hence (3x) × (4x) = 5.72

X = 0.69

Short side of footing = (3 × 0.69) = 2.07 m

Long side of footing = (4 × 0.69) = 2.76 m

Adopt a rectangular footing of size 2.5 by 2.5

Factor of soil pressure at base,

Pu = (1375/(2×2.5)) = 229.1 KN/m2< (1.5 ×160 )= 240KN/mm2

Hence the footing area is adequate since the soil pressure developed the base is less
then the factored bearing capacity of the soil.

30
FACTORED BENDING MOMENTS

Cantilever projection from the short side face of column = 0.5 (2.5 – 0.4)
= 1.3m

Cantilever projection from the long side face of the column = 0.5 (2.5-0.30)
=0.85 m

Bending moment at short side face of the column = Wl2/2 = 225 × 1.32/2
=190 .125 KNm

Bending moment at long side face of the column = Wl2/2

= 225 × 0.852 /2
=81.28 KNm

DEPTH OF FOOTING

For Moment consideration,

Mu = 0.138 Fck hd2

190×106 = 0.138 × 20 × 1000 × d2

d = 200 mm

SHEAR STRESS CONSIDERATION

Shear force per meter width

Vul =225 (1250 – d) N

Tc =0.36 for M20 grade of concrete

P1 =0.25

Tc = Vul / bd = (225 (1250-d) /1000×d)

d = 513 mm

Hence adopt effective depth, d = 550 mm

Over all depth D = 600 mm

31
REINFORCEMENT IN FOOTING

Longer Direction:

Mu =0.87 fyastd2 (1- (astfy / bdfck ))

190× 106 = 0.87 × 415 × ast× 550 (1 –(415 ast / 1000 × 550
× 20))

Ast = 985 mm2

Provide 12mm dia bars

Spacing = ( ast / Ast ) × 1000

= 130 mm

Shorter direction:

Mu = 0.87 fyast d2 (1- (astfy / bdfck))

81.25× 106 = 0.87 × 415 × ast × 550 (1 –(415 ast / 1000 × 550
× 20))

Ast = 396 mm2

Provide 6Nos of 10mm dia bars

Spacing = ( ast / Ast ) × 1000 = (78.54)/396)× 1000 =190 mm

Check For Shear Stress :

Vu = 225 × 0.7

= 157.5 KN

(100 ast/ bd ) = (100× 1257/ 1000×550 ) = 0.228

Table 19 IS 456 : 2000

Ks×Tc = 1× 0.3 = 0.33 N/mm2

32
Nominal shear stress Tv = Vu/bd

= (157.5×103/1000 ×550)

=0.286N/mm2

TvKs×Tc

SHEAR STERSS are within safe permissible limit

RESULT

 Reinforcement details are shown in drawing

 Provide 12mm dia bars @ 130 mm c/c
 Provide 10mm dis bars @ 190 mm c/c

33