Intro CH 04A

Chapter 4A
Video and Sound
McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Monitors
• Most common output device
• Connects to the video card
• Categorized by color output
– Monochrome
• One color with black background
– Grayscale Weakest amount of light (Black)
• Varying degrees of gray

• grayscale display carries an amount of
light, ranging from the weakest amount of
light, or black, to the strongest amount of
light, or white.
– Color
• Display 4 to 16 million colors
4A-2
Monitors
• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
– Most common type of monitor
– Electrons fired from the back
– Electrons excite/animate phosphor to glow
– Phosphor is arranged in dots called pixels
Heater Rod is covered with cathode
As soon as rod get heated, the
cathode will also be heated
And property of cathode says
that as cathode is heated, this
emits the electrons
Electrons usually spread out here
and there but in this case the
electrons should move straight
Grid Focuses and Pass electrons
beam at high speed
Pre-Accelerating Anode ->
Focusing Anode-> Accelerating
Anode Provide Path
Electronic Gun:
Heater+Grid+assembly of
cathode is known as electron
gun.
Screen Metal is used in screen is
of Zinc Sulphate, or Zinc Tungsten Or
Zic Oxide.
And This metal is coated with
phosphorus
Monitors
• CRT color
– Phosphor dots arranged in triads
– Red, green, and blue dots
– Three colors blend to make colors
– Varying the intensity creates new colors
CRT color
Monitors
• CRT drawbacks
– Very large
– Very heavy
– Use a lot of electricity
Monitors
• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
– A liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor is a
computer monitor or display that uses
LCD technology to show clear images
and is found mostly in laptop computers
and flat panel monitors.
Monitors- Passive matrix LCD
• Passive matrix LCD
– Passive-matrix is an LCD technology that uses a
grid of vertical and horizontal wires to display an
image on the screen.
– Pixels are arranged in a Grid (to make an image)
– Pixels are activated indirectly (rows and Column are
activated)
– Animation can be blurry
– Narrow view angle
– Pixels do not refresh quickly
– Color display is determined by electricity coming from
transistors at the end of the row and top of the
column.
• The intersection of the columns and rows are the pixels
Monitors- Passive matrix LCD
Monitors- Active-matrix LCD
• Active-matrix LCD
– Each pixel is activated directly
– Pixels have 4 transistors
• One each for red, green, blue
• One for opaqueness (denseness)
– Animation is crisp and clean
– Quick Pixel Refresh Rate
– Wide view angle
Monitors- Active-matrix LCD
Monitors
• Drawbacks to LCD
– More expensive than CRT
– Must sit directly in front of screen
– Can be more fragile than CRT
Monitors and Video Cards
• Monitors impacts user effectiveness
• Monitors should have
– Crisp text
– Clear graphics
– Adjustable controls
– Clear edges
• Size of monitor
– Measured in inches
– Measured diagonally
– Actual size
• Distance from corner to corner
– Viewable size
• Useable portion of the screen
• Resolution
– The number of horizontal and vertical pixels
on a display screen. The more pixels, the
more information is visible without scrolling.
• Standard Display Resolution Sizes.
Name(s) Resolution in pixels
High Definition (HD) 1280 x 720
Full HD, FHD 1920 x 1080
2K, Quad HD, QHD 2560 x 1440
Concept of Aspect Ratio
• The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio
of its width to its height and is expressed
with two numbers separated by a colon,
such as 16:9, sixteen-to-nine.
Concept of Aspect Ratio
• Refresh rate
– Number of time the screen is redrawn
– Modern equipment sets this automatically
– Improper settings can cause eyestrain
Video Cards
• Device between the CPU and monitor
• Better cards result in better output
• Removes burden of drawing from CPU
• Have their own processor and RAM
• Modern cards have up to 8 GB RAM
• GPU- RTX-
https://www.techpowerup.com/gpu-
specs/geforce-rtx-3080.c3621
• Capable of execution of 3D images
Data Projectors
• Replaced overhead and slide projectors
• Project image onto wall or screen
• LCD projectors
– Most common type of projector
– Small LCD screen
– Very bright light
– Require a darkened room
Data Projectors
• Digital Light Projectors
– A series of mirrors control the display
– May be used in a lighted room
Sound Systems
• Integral part of the computer experience
• Capable of recording and playback
Sound Systems
• Sound card
– Device between the CPU and speakers
– Converts digital sounds to analog
– Can be connected to several devices
– Modern cards support Dolby Surround
Sound
Sound Systems
• Headphones and headsets
– Replacement for speakers and
microphones
– Offer privacy
– Does not annoy other people
– Outside noise is not a factor
– Headsets have speakers and a microphone
Chapter 4A
End of Chapter
McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Chapter 4A

Video and Sound

• Varying degrees of gray

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