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    Practice - 2 Sylvia

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    Practice - 2 Sylvia

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    Practice_2 sylvia

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    9 views2 pages

    Practice - 2 Sylvia

    Uploaded by

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    of 2

    NMJ10004 Anatomy & Physiology SA 2023/2024

    NAME: SYLVIA ANNE A/P ROMAN

    Matric no: 231151624

    PRACTICE 2: Answer all questions.

    1. Describe the structural organization of the nucleus of a cell.


    (5 Marks)
    The cell’s chromosomes are also confined within the nuclear envelope. DNA is
    present
    in the chromosomes. The nucleus contains nearly all of the cell’s DNA, surrounded by
    a network of fibrous filaments called the nuclear matrix enveloped in a double
    membrane called the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope separates the fluid
    inside the nucleus called the nucleoplasm from the rest of the cell. The nucleus
    controls the centre of the cell responsible for transmitting genetic information and
    providing the instructions for protein synthesis.

    2. Discuss the four stages of mitosis.

    (8 Marks)

    Mitosis consists of four stages which are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and
    Telophase. The mitosis division starts with the first stage which is prophase.
    Chromosomes condense become shortened, thickened and tightly coiled and visible.
    The nucleoli disappear. Centromeres move away from each other until they reach the
    opposite poles. The next stage is metaphase. In this stage, chromosomes align along
    the metaphase plate. The Centromere of all the chromosomes are lined up. Spindle
    fibers pull the chromosomes until they are all aligned. Kinetochore microtubules are
    attached to all chromosomes. Followed by the third stage which is anaphase where the
    centromers divide. Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles as their
    Kinetochore microtubules shorten. The last is telophase in which chromosomes arrive
    at opposite poles. Chromosomes uncoil, lengthen and become chromatin fibers again.
    Nucleoli reappear. The nuclear division into two genetically identical nuclei is now
    complete.

    3. You and your friend go on an expedition to an unknown island. Suddenly, you experience
    bad weather stranded on islands. You have two sources of water to drink: salty ocean
    water and contaminated fresh water. Explain your choice of drinking water and indicate
    why your selection is the best choice.

    (12 Marks)
    In my opinion, I will choose to drink salty ocean water rather than contaminated fresh
    water. This is because according to French experiments, a man can survive for almost
    6 days by drinking only seawater. But if I were to drink contaminated water, I
    couldn’t be sure of how severe the contamination of the water which can lead to
    death. Drinking contaminated water can make us sick with diarrhoea, vomiting and
    stomach pain. Since we are stranded on an island, we most probably won’t have
    medicine supplies for such health issues. As for salty ocean water, the only setback of
    NMJ10004 Anatomy & Physiology SA 2023/2024

    us drinking is that human kidneys can only make urine that is less salty than salt
    water. Therefore, to get rid of all the excess salt taken in by drinking salty ocean
    water, you have to urinate more water than you drank. Eventually, we will face
    dehydration.

    4. Explain in detail the phase of tissue repair for small injuries with a suitable example.

    (10 Marks)

    Tissue repair which is also known as wound healing occurs in two ways which are
    regeneration which replaces the destroyed tissues with the same kind of cells and
    fibrosis which is repaired by dense connective tissues. Inflammation sets the stage.
    Capillaries become very permeable. Clotting proteins migrate into the area from the
    bloodstream. A clot walls off the injured area. Granulation tissue forms where the
    growth of new capillaries begins. Phagocytoses dispose of blood clots and fibroblasts.
    Thus rebuilding the collagen fibres.

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